Professional Documents
Culture Documents
71) Identify the true and false statements regarding Observation method
1. Observation method poses difficulties in understanding events.
2. It is slow and expensive process that needs constant technological inputs.
3. Observer has to be present at the scene of the event when it takes place.
4. Observer has to wait for the event to happen and be able to tell where and when
exactly it takes place. B. 1 is true and 2, 3, 4 is false
72) identify the correct and incorrect rules for graphical representation of data from
the following 1. Title of the chart should be placed below it.
2. Each curve or bar should be numbered.
3. Only grey shades to be used in case of more curves or bars
4. They should precede the textual content
5. Measurements should be indicated from left to right in a horizontal line
6. For vertical lines, measurements should be from top to bottom.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is incorrect
73) In a research study, it was revealed that 40% of students did not use the
learning resources provided to them while another 28% complained that they didnt
get adequate resources. Based on these results, the researcher cannot assume that
remaining 32% dont care to use the resources or its availability. What would be the
responsibility of the researcher in this situation?
D. Find out the actual opinions and views of the 32% of students
74) What are the requisites of a good and successful presentation?
1. Communicate to a specific audience
2. Communicate to all respondents
2. Structure the presentation
3. Advertise research expertise
4 Be elaborate on the research complexities
5 Address validity and reliability issues
4
5.
6. In case we take the significance level at 5%, then this implies that H0 will
be rejected when the sampling result (i.e., observed evidence) has a less
than 0.05 probability of occurring if H0 is true.
7.
8. A two-tailed test rejects the null hypothesis if, say, the sample mean
is significantly higher or lower than the hypnotized value of the mean
of the population.
9. A one-tailed test would be used when we are to
10. test, say, whether the population mean in either lower than or higher
than some hypothesized value.
11. The factors that affect the level of significance are:
8
Unit: 5
1. Jahoda and Destsch and Cook describe, A research design is the
arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that
aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in
procedure.
2. Extraneous variable: The independent variables which are not directly
related to the purpose of the study but affect the dependent variable are
known as extraneous variables.
3. Confounded relationship: The relationship between dependent and
independent variables is said to be confounded by an extraneous
variable, when the dependent variable is not free from its effects.
4. Treatments: Treatments are referred to the different conditions to
which the experimental and control groups are subject to. In the
example considered, the two treatments are the parents with regular
earnings and those with no regular earnings.
5. There are a number of crucial research choices, various writers
advance different classification schemes, some of which are:
1. Experimental, historical and inferential designs (American Marketing
Association).
2. Exploratory, descriptive and causal designs (Selltiz, Jahoda, Deutsch and
Cook).
3. Experimental and expost fact (Kerlinger)
4. Historical method, and case and clinical studies (Goode and Scates)
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10
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Unit: 11
1. Greatest drawback of interview method is that it is costly both in money and
time. T
2. Greatest value of the interview method is the depth and detail of information
that can be secured. T
3. The interviewer cannot do more to improve the percentage of responses and the
quality information received than other method. F
4. One limitation of interview method is that it is not possible for interviewer to use
special scoring devices, visual materials and the like in order to improve the
quality of interviewing. F
5. Match the following
a. Advantages of group interview: Respondents comment freely and in
detail
b. Disadvantages of group interview: Group can be interviewed in the time
required for one personal interview.
c. Difficult to get representative sample : Possibility of a group being
dominated by one individual
6. The interview does not require preparation and preplanning. F
7. The interviewer should find out the general daily routine of the respondents in
order to determine the suitable timings for interview. T
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Variable observation
Organization
Go
3.4
Owner of Vehicle
4.2
Vehicle performs
5.1
1
5.2
Age
Occupation
Response category
Private Pt
Public Pb
Government
Yes 2
No 1
Excellent 5
Good 4
Adequate 3
Bad 2
Worst 1
Up to 20 years
21-40 years 2
40-60 years 3
Salaried S
Professional P
Technical
Business
Retired
Housewife,
other=
26.long worksheet:
27.The transcription of data can be used to summarize and arrange the data in
compact form for further analysis. The process is called tabulation.
28.Manual Tabulation
33.Mode
Mode is the most repeating value of a distribution. When one item repeats
more number of times than other or when two items repeat equal number of
times, mode is ill defined. Under such case, mode is calculated by the
formula (3 median 2 mean). Mode is a widely used measure of central
tendency in business. We speak of model wage which is the wage earned
by most of the workers. Model shoe size is the mostly demanded shoe.
34.Merits of Mode
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35.Demerits of Mode
1. It is difficult to calculate mode when one item repeats more
number of times than others.
2. Mode is not capable of further algebraic treatment.
3. Mode is not based on all the items of the series.
4. Mode is not rigidly defined. There are several formulae for
calculating mode.
33. Dispersion is the tendency of the individual values in a distribution to spread
away from the average.
34. Dispersion is a statistical measure, which understands the degree of variation
of items from the average.
35. Properties of a Good Measure of Dispersion
A good measure of dispersion should be simple to understand.
1. It should be easy to calculate
2. It should be rigidly defined
3. It should be based on all the values of a distribution
4. It should be amenable to further statistical and algebraic treatment.
5. It should have sampling stability
6. It should not be unduly affected by extreme values.
36. Measures of Dispersion
1. Range
2. Quartile deviation
3. Mean deviation
4. Standard deviation
5. Lorenz curve
36.Lorenz curve is a graphical measure of dispersion.
37.Quartile deviation is defined as inter quartile range
38.
39.
Merits of Quartile Deviation
1. Quartile Deviation is superior to range as a rough measure of
dispersion.
2. It has a special merit in measuring dispersion in open-ended series.
3. Quartile Deviation is not affected by extreme values.
40.
Demerits of Quartile Deviation
1. Quartile Deviation ignores the first 25% of the distribution below Q1 and
25% of the distribution above the Q3
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36.The following are the important characteristics of a statistical data: a. Central tendency
b. Dispersion
c. Skew ness
d. Kurtosis
Unit: 13
1.
An interim report narrates what has been done so far and what was its
outcome. T
2.
Introduction should provide audience interest. T
3.
Along with the related skill of working with and motivating people, the ability
to communicate effectively is not a must attribute a manager should have. F
4.
It is important to generate a research report that will be interesting to read.
T
5.
Mention which of the following items will be included under which category.
a. Prefatory Items : List of tables
b. Body of the report : Limitations of the study , Theoretical background of
the topic , Method of data collection
c. Reference Materials : Bibliography, Appendix
6.
Under which of the following categories, research report can be classified
a. Technical reports
b. Popular reports
c. Summary reports
d. Technical abstracts
e. Research article
f. Technical article
7.
When there is a time lag between data collection and presentation of the
result, then also there is no chance of loss of significance and usefulness of the
study. f
8.
Summary report is meant for general public. t
9.
_______ is a short summary of technical report. Research abstract
10._________ is designed for publication in a professional journal. Research article
11.In a research report, each piece of presentation should fit into the whole, just as
individual pieces into a jigsaw puzzle. T
12. It is better to keep the body of the presentation intact without breaking into
parts to keep the constancy in the report. F
13.In a technical report, a comprehensive full report of the research process and its
outcome are included. T
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EXTRA
1.
Answer: 80
2.
Answer: 29.46
3.
Answer: 99.967
4.
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5.
Answer: 11.235
6.
Answer: 21.834
7.
Answer: 378689
8.
Answer: Q1=15, Q3= 40
9.
ANSWER: Q1 = 120, Q3 =
160
QD: 20; CQD: .0714
10.
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15.
A
ANSWER: 13.747
16.
ANSWER: 0.714
17.
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