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Physics
Electrical Energy in the Home
Lesson 7:
Magnetic Fields
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Preliminary Physics
Preliminary Physics
Evaluate
Make a judgement based on criteria; determine the value of
Examine
Inquire into
Explain
Relate cause and effect; make the relationships between things evident; provide why
and/or how
Extract
Choose relevant and/or appropriate details
Extrapolate
Infer from what is known
Identify
Recognise and name
Interpret
Draw meaning from
Investigate
Plan, inquire into and draw conclusions about
Justify
Support an argument or conclusion
Outline
Sketch in general terms; indicate the main features of
Predict
Suggest what may happen based on available information
Propose
Put forward (for example a point of view, idea, argument, suggestion) for consideration
or action
Recall
Present remembered ideas, facts or experiences
Recommend
Provide reasons in favour
Preliminary Physics
Lesson Dotpoints
By the end of the lesson, you should understand the following concepts:
Magnetic Fields
Describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are
brought close together
Define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on
a very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point
Describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles
Compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar
magnet
Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse information to explain one
application of magnetic fields in household appliances
Preliminary Physics
1. Magnetic Fields
CHECKPOINT:
Describe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of bar magnets when they are
brought close together
Define the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a
very small north magnetic pole when placed at that point
Describe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic poles
Force Fields
There are 3 main fields covered in the preliminary & HSC syllabus:
-
Gravitational fields
Electric fields
Magnetic fields
Gravitational fields, affect things that have _____________ and are an _______________
force.
Electric fields, affect things that have _________________ and can be both an
___________________ or ____________________ force
Magnetic fields and Electric fields often come together and affect things that
have CHARGE or other MAGNETS
-
All these fields can be represented by FIELD LINES, where field lines
determine the nature of the force acting on the certain object that is affected.
Preliminary Physics
Field lines
represent
Gravitational
Electrical
Magnetic
= sin
Primary
formula
Alternate
formula
1 2
2
1 2
2
= sin
Note the alternate formulae are used for different scenarios, sin is used
for a charge moving in a magnetic field, whereas sin is used for a current
carrying conductor. This will be covered in detail later on
The STRENGTH of the field is determined by the _______________ of the field lines
Preliminary Physics
Diagram B
Diagram A
Identify the diagram that shows attractive and repulsive field lines.
The direction of the field lines of a magnetic field are determined by where a
NORTH MAGNETIC POLE would experience a force (toward south pole).
-
Draw the arrows showing the direction of the field lines in the diagram
below.
THESE FIELD LINES ARE OFTEN CALLED FLUX DENOTED BY THE SYMBOL
Preliminary Physics
Preliminary Physics
Based on the direction of the compass, draw the magnetic field lines
around the magnet
Preliminary Physics
Magnetic field lines are used to determine the strength of the magnetic field
-
The _____________ the magnetic field lines, the stronger the magnetic field
The further away the magnetic field lines, the weaker the magnetic field
Label the point on the solenoid in which the magnetic field is strongest
and weakest
In a bar magnet, the charge oscillations within the material are aligned in one
direction which sum up to create a strong magnetic field
10
Preliminary Physics
Earth has a magnetic field of very low strength. When a needle is freely
suspended, it will align with the Earths magnetic field. (A compass)
The Earths magnetic field is created by the movement of charges in its molten
iron core
The Earths North Magnetic seeking pole is actually a magnetic south (because
the north pole of a compass is attracted to a south pole)
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Preliminary Physics
Applications 1.1
Question 1
A red bar magnet and a blue bar magnet are stuck on a fridge. Sam tries to take
them off the fridge, and realises that the red magnet is much harder to remove
compared to the blue magnet. Explain the physics behind Sams observation?
Question 2
The diagram below shows the lines of magnetic force between two north magnetic
poles. At which point is the magnetic field strength the greatest?
Question 3
Which type of field is present near a moving electric charge?
a)
b)
c)
d)
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Preliminary Physics
Question 4
Show the attractive and repulsive nature of the magnetic flux between two bar
magnets using two labelled diagrams.
Question 5
A current of 1 amp is passing through a wire, which is bent at 90, as shown.
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Preliminary Physics
We will later see that circular current will induce a relatively straight magnetic
field
You do not have to memorise the direction, as it can be easily recalled using
the RIGHT HAND GRIP RULE
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Preliminary Physics
2.
3.
Label the direction the electrons are travelling in the diagram below:
You can use your LEFT HAND if your thumb is pointing in the DIRECTION OF
THE ELECTRONS (rare), it is safer to always label conventional current then
use your RIGHT HAND
Synergy Education Tip:
When under exam pressure, many students accidentally use their left hand
because they are busy writing with their RIGHT HAND
15
Preliminary Physics
The magnitude of the magnetic field a distance from a long straight wire
carrying current is given by (Not in syllabus)
Using the right hand grip rule we can determine the direction of the
current and magnetic field
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Preliminary Physics
Label the diagram below with what direction the current is travelling in a
conductor
If the arrow is travelling toward you (out of the page) you see a dot from
the arrow head
If the arrow is travelling away from you (into the page) you see a CROSS
from the arrows feather tails.
The right hand grip can also be used on the DOTS and CROSSES to determine
the direction of the magnetic field
-
Diagram A
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Preliminary Physics
Remember that whenever current is measured with the right hand grip
rule, it is always CONVENTIONAL CURRENT
Applications 2.1
Question 1
Using dots and crosses notation, indicate the direction of the magnetic fields
around a long straight wires shown below
i)
ii)
Current (I)
iii)
iv)
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Preliminary Physics
Question 2
Two parallel wires carry currents shown below
I
What is the direction of the magnetic field at point A between the wires?
Question 3
Two current carrying wires are placed parallel to each other as shown below. Wire
1 is carrying a current of 3A and Wire 2 is carrying a current of 2A in the same
direction. The two wires are separated by a distance of 3m.
b) On the diagram shown, indicate the direction of the magnetic field lines
around the two wires
c) Draw in a point A, that is placed in the centre of the two wires
d) Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field of Wire 1 at the
point A
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Preliminary Physics
e) Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field of Wire 2 at the
point A
g) Determine a new point (x) where the resultant magnetic field strength
would be equal to zero
Question 4
The diagram shows point P near two bar magnets, X and Y.
By sketching a labelled vector diagram, determine the direction of the net magnetic
field at point P. Show your working. (3 marks)
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Preliminary Physics
Compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar
magnet
For a current carrying wire, the magnetic fields are __________________ circles
going around the wire
21
Preliminary Physics
Describe the magnetic field of the current carrying coil and relate how it is
different to a current carrying wire.
Solenoids
A solenoid is simply a current carrying coil but with MANY loops or ____________
Flow of Current
In physics, the conventional current flow will be from the ________________ side
of the wire and exit at the __________________ side of the wire
-
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Preliminary Physics
The right hand grip rule can now be used to determine the direction of a
magnetic field given a current carrying coil
As shown in the diagram above the electric current flows through the coils in a
_________________ motion
The following steps can be taken to determine the direction of current and
magnetic field:
1.
2.
Ensure the fingers are curled over the coil so the back of the hand is
visible from above
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3.
Preliminary Physics
The thumb points in the direction of the ______________________ within the coil
-
Labelling a Solenoid
Ferromagnetic Substances
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Preliminary Physics
For example,
-
However, some substances like mercury will DECREASE the strength of the
magnetic field
25
Preliminary Physics
Applications 3.1
Question 1
Jenny was given four pairs of coiled wires. Each coil was linked to its own DC
source.
Which two pairs of coils did Jenny correctly predict would attract each other?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pairs 2 and 3
Pairs 1 and 4
Pairs 3 and 4
Pairs 1 and 2
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Preliminary Physics
Question 2
A cross section through a solenoid is illustrated in the following diagram. Sketch
the pattern of the magnetic field due to the solenoid carrying a direct current.
Indicate the direction of the magnetic flux on the diagram.
Question 3
A solenoid has an iron core and is connected to a power supply.
a)
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Preliminary Physics
b) On the diagram above, label two points (X and Y) in which there are significant
differences in the size and direction of the field. Explain your answer.
(2 marks)
c)
If a non ferrous core was used instead what would happen? Explain your
answer. (2 marks)
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Preliminary Physics
Identify data sources, gather, process and analyse information to explain one
application of magnetic fields in household appliances
The Loudspeaker
In the above example, the ________________ pole is on the inside while two
_____________ poles are on the outside
Voice Coil
The voice coil sits in between the poles and is wrapped around the centre of
the core
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Preliminary Physics
The vibration of the coil magnet causes the diaphragm to vibrate as well,
causing air to vibrate therefore producing sound
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