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VanderWaalsEquation
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ThevanderWaalsequationmodifiestheIdealGasLawtocorrectfortheexcluded
volumeofgasparticlesandintermolecularattractions.
LEARNINGOBJECTIVE [edit]
DistinguishthevanderWaalsequationfromtheIdealGasLaw.
KEYPOINTS [edit]
ThevanderWaalsequationisanequationofstatethatcorrectsfortwopropertiesofrealgases:the
excludedvolumeofgasparticlesandattractiveforcesbetweengasmolecules.
ThevanderWaalsequationisfrequentlypresentedas:
Theconstantsaandbrepresentthemagnitudeofintermolecularattractionandexcludedvolume
respectively,andarespecifictoaparticulargas.
TERMS [edit]
vanderwaalsequation
https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundlesschemistrytextbook/gases5/deviationofgasfromidealbehavior56/vanderwaalsequation269
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VanderWaalsEquation
arelationbetweenparticlesofafluidthathaveanonzerovolumeandapairwiseattractiveinterparticleforce
idealgaslaw
anequationdescribingthepropertiesofanidealgas,generallypresentedasPV=nRT
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FULLTEXT [edit]
TheIdealGasLawisbasedontheassumptionsthat
gasesarecomposedofpointmassesthatundergo
perfectlyelasticcollisions.However,realgases
deviatefromthoseassumptionsatlowtemperatures
orhighpressures.Imagineacontainerwherethe
pressureisincreased.Asthepressureincreases,the
volumeofthecontainerdecreases.Thevolume
occupiedbythegasparticlesisnolongernegligible
comparedtothevolumeofthecontainerandthe
volumeofthegasparticlesneedstobetakeninto
account.Atlowtemperatures,thegasparticleshave
lowerkineticenergyanddonotmoveasfast.Thegas
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particlesareaffectedbytheintermolecularforces
actingonthem,whichleadstoinelasticcollisionsbetweenthem.Thisleadstofewercollisionswiththe
containerandalowerpressurethanwhatisexpectedfromanidealgas.
ThevanderWaalsEquationandPVIsotherms
DerivedbyJohannesDiderikvanderWaalsin1873,thevanderWaalsequationmodifiestheIdealGasLawit
predictsthepropertiesofrealgasesbydescribingparticlesofnonzerovolumegovernedbypairwiseattractive
forces.Thisequationofstateispresentedas:
wherePisthepressure,Visthevolume,Ristheuniversalgasconstant,andTistheabsolutetemperature.
Isotherm(plotsofpressureversusvolumeatconstanttemperature)canbeproducedusingthevanderWaals
model.
https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundlesschemistrytextbook/gases5/deviationofgasfromidealbehavior56/vanderwaalsequation269
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VanderWaalsEquation
vanderWaalsisotherms
Thisgraphdemonstratestherelationshipbetweenpressure,volume,andtemperaturebasedonthevander
Waalsmodel.Itcorrectlypredictsamostlyincompressibleliquidphase,buttheoscillationsinthephase
transitionzonedonotfitexperimentaldata.
Theconstantsaandbhavepositivevaluesandarespecifictoeachgas.Theterminvolvingtheconstanta
correctsforintermolecularattraction.Attractiveforcesbetweenmoleculesdecreasethepressureofarealgas,
slowingthemoleculesandreducingcollisionswiththewalls.
Thehigherthevalueofa,thegreatertheattractionbetweenmoleculesandthemoreeasilythegaswill
compress.
Thebtermrepresentstheexcludedvolumeofthegasorthevolumeoccupiedbythegasparticles.
NoticethatthevanderWaalsequationbecomestheIdealGasLawasthesetwocorrectiontermsapproachzero.
ThevanderWaalsmodeloffersareasonableapproximationforrealgasesatmoderatelyhighpressures.
Additionalmodelshavebeensubsequentlyintroducedtomoreaccuratelypredictthebehaviorofnonideal
gases.
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VanderWaalsEquation
PREVCONCEPT
NEXTCONCEPT
CreateQuestion
Referencedin1quizquestion
InthevanderWaalsequationfornonidealgases,alowervalueofthevariablea
correspondsto____________. WelcometoBoundless!Seehowwecanhelp.
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KEYTERMREFERENCE
Pressure
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:SIUnitsofPressure,PhysicsandEngineering:
ImanAdministrator
FluidPressureandForce,andSurfaceTensionandCapillaryAction
energy
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:SurfaceTension,EnergyTransportation,and
IntroductiontoWorkandEnergy
excludedvolume
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:TheEffectoftheFiniteVolume,TheEffect
ofIntermolecularForces,andRealGases
gas
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:ThreeStatesofMatter,IrreversibleAdditionReactions,and
MicrostatesandEntropy
idealgas
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:OverviewofTemperatureandKineticTheory,
Temperature,andMolarMassofGas
intermolecular
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:IonDipoleForce,PhaseChangesand
EnergyConservation,andHydrogenBonding
intermolecularforce
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:DipoleDipoleForce,Capillary
Action,andMolecularCrystals
intermolecularforces
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:PhysicalPropertiesofCovalent
Molecules,IntermolecularForcesandSolutions,andIntroductiontoBonding
isotherm
kinetic
Appearsinthisrelatedconcept:Boyle'sLaw:VolumeandPressure
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:Friction:Static,TheKineticMolecularTheoryof
Matter,andPostmodernistSculpture
kineticenergy
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:SolidSolubilityandTemperature,Pressure,
andTypesofEnergy
kinetics
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:ChemicalKineticsandChemicalEquilibrium,
OrganicReactionsOverview,andFourMemberedRings
https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundlesschemistrytextbook/gases5/deviationofgasfromidealbehavior56/vanderwaalsequation269
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VanderWaalsEquation
molecule
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:Molecules,LevelsofOrganizationofLivingThings,
andChemicalReactionsandMolecules
temperature
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:ExtractiveMetallurgy,Temperature,and
ComplexIonEquilibriaandSolubility
volume
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:Volumes,VolumeandDensity,andShapeand
Volume
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SOURCES
Boundlessvetsandcurateshighquality,openlylicensedcontentfromaroundtheInternet.This
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particularresourceusedthefollowingsources:
"Boundless."
http://www.boundless.com/
BoundlessLearningCCBYSA3.0.
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"idealgaslaw."
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ideal_gas_law
WiktionaryCCBYSA3.0.
"VanderWaalsequation."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_equation
WikipediaCCBYSA3.0.
"Waals2."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Waals2.svg
WikimediaCommonsCCBYSA3.0.
CITETHISSOURCE
Source:Boundless.VanderWaalsEquation.BoundlessChemistry.Boundless,08Aug.2016.Retrieved21Aug.2016
fromhttps://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundlesschemistrytextbook/gases5/deviationofgasfromideal
behavior56/vanderwaalsequation2698307/
https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundlesschemistrytextbook/gases5/deviationofgasfromidealbehavior56/vanderwaalsequation269
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VanderWaalsEquation
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