Modalities Of Exercise Therapy & Electro Therapy

– Ami (Amber)

BALANCE BOARD
Balance boards may look like something children play
with, but the truth is that balance boards are great for
physical training and rehabilitative therapies. All physical
activity requires various degrees of balance and
equilibrium. A person’s sense of equilibrium and balance
are absolutely critical to normal bodily function, hand-eye
coordination, and motor skill activity. However, they can
easily be damaged. Balance boards are used to repair a
person’s sense of balance and equilibrium. But even a
seasoned athlete can receive benefits from balance board training. Balance boards are a fun
way to improve balance, strength, coordination, and reaction time for people needing to
improve their agility. Soccer players, skiers, and any board sports enthusiast will find the
benefits of balance board training invaluable.
The goal of balance board training is to challenge balance, sense imbalance, react quickly,
and recover quickly from the imbalance through subtle physical adjustments. Even people at
the peak of their physical fitness will find balance board tasks to be a challenge until their
bodies become proficient at making balance adjustments. So it’s advisable for all beginners
to hold onto a chair or a table, or even use a wall, for extra support until they get accustomed
to the exercises.
Balance board exercises are easy and fun. We have broken down the exercises into three
levels:
• Beginner Training
• Athlete Training
• Strength Training
Beginner Training:
There are three basic movements associated with beginner training:
• Front to Back
• Side to Side
• Circular Rotation
To accomplish these movements, it’s as simple as standing on the board and rocking in the
aforementioned direction. If these movements seem difficult at first, use a chair or something
to hold on to that will aid you from falling. Once you’ve mastered these three basic
movements, try kneeling on the board and doing them. With all exercises, attempt to
maintain your balance for as long as you can and make it your goal to progressively increase
that time with each attempt.
These movements are also standard recommendations for people with balance problems and
for those in rehabilitative therapy.
Athlete Training:
Athletes who consistently train with balance boards will increase proprioception and ankle
strength. This will improve coordination and overall athletic ability as well as decreasing the
risk of potential ankle injury on the playing field.
• Try to maintain your balance for at least 30 seconds
• Repeatedly throw a ball against a wall and catch it

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• Stand on the board with one foot and with the other foot, draw numbers and shapes in
the air.
• Try to maintain your balance with your eyes closed. *NOTE* This movement is very
advanced and risky.
Strength Training:
• With your hands placed at each end of the board, do
push-ups
• While sitting on the board, do crunches
• With one foot on the floor and the other on the board,
slowly rotate the board. This will gently stretch your
lower leg muscles and ankle.
• Do a set of squats. You’ll find these to be advanced
movements but very effective.
NOTE : Balance boards are wonderful core stability trainers, but people with back, neck or
leg problems should be carefully instructed before using them. They’re considered to be on
the "extreme" end of fitness training equipment and should be used carefully. There is a
good chance of falling, so anyone with bone density loss should be very careful.

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Electronic Muscle Stimulation

Electrotherapy Equipments: Ultrasound, Interferential therapy Laser, cervical traction,

Stimulator.
Electronic muscle stimulation is a technique that is widely used by elite athletes all over the
world. It has been shown to be effective and successful toward toning and building muscle
mass. This is why devices have been developed to accomplish this type of workout.
The way it works is fairly straight forward. The electrical impulses control the muscles via
the motor nerves. Programming these impulses allows users to target their workouts for
power, endurance, or resistance. Here, powerful contractions can be received without the pain
of a traditional workout.
A microprocessor controls the work of the muscles, while adhering to the principles of
traditional training physiology. Not only does electrical muscle stimulation help build
muscles, but it also encompasses the toning and shaping that improves overall physical
fitness. While it is not meant to take the place of a traditional workout, it can help supplement
it and add to the benefits it can offer. It can also be a viable means of exercise for those who
are unable to participate in the more traditional methods of exercise due to health problems or
joint and muscle restrictions. It is advisable to consult a doctor before using an electronic
muscle stimulation machine if this is the case.
Electronic muscle stimulation is effective for fitness training, as well as for muscle
rehabilitation. It helps build endurance so that the muscles may be used for a longer period of
time. The resistance it also provides, will assist in expanding the range of muscle movement
and help to promote strength. The recovery process is also shortened by this method, as the
patient is able to exercise in a non-restricted environment without too much strain or tension
being place on the body.
This type of equipment has been successfully used in the physical therapy and sports
medicine fields for many years, and has nothing to do with the various other pieces of
exercise equipment that are commonly found on the market. As with any other workout, there
are stages that must be accomplished in order to reap the full benefits of this type of program.
Many machines also come with DVD-based training material that is designed to walk the
user through the various steps involved in the process. Here, users will also be able to create
an individualized training program that will best fit their individual needs. Before trying
electronic muscle stimulation, it is advisable to check with a physician to make sure this is
right for you.

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Dumbbell

A dumbbell is a piece of equipment used in weight

training, and is a type of free weight. They can be
used individually or in pairs (one for each hand).

History
The forerunner of the dumbbell was used in India for more than a millennium, shaped like a
club – so named Indian club. The design of the "Nal", as the equipment was referred to, can
be seen as a halfway point between a barbell and a dumbbell. It was generally used in pairs,
in workouts by wrestlers, bodybuilders, sports players, and others wishing to increase
strength and muscle size.

Etymology
"Dumbbells" as a word originated in Tudor England – athletes used hand-held church bells to
develop the upper body and arms. These bells ranged in weight from a few ounces to many
pounds. The bells were flourished in various ways. This would have made a great deal of
noise, so the athletes would take out the clappers so they could practice quietly; hence the
name "dumb", as in "no sound", and "bell" – dumbbell. When strongmen started to make
their own equipment, they kept the name, even though the shape changed. The etymology of
the word "kettlebell" is similar.

Types
By the early 17th century, the familiar shape of the dumbbell, with two equal weights
attached to a handle, had appeared. There are currently three main types of dumbbell:

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A spinlock adjustable dumbbell.

• Adjustable dumbbells consist of a metal bar whose centre portion is
often engraved with a crosshatch pattern (knurling) to improve grip.
Weight disks (plates) are slid onto the outer portions of the dumbbell and
secured with clips or collars. Shown to the right is a "spinlock" dumbbell,
whose ends are threaded to accept large nuts as collars. Alternatively, a
dumbbell may have smooth ends with plates being secured by a sprung
collar.
• Fixed-weight dumbbells are weights created in a dumbbell shape.
Expensive varieties consist of cast iron, sometimes coated with rubber for
safety.] Cheaper versions consist of a rigid plastic shell that is filled with
concrete.
• "Selectorized" dumbbells are adjustable dumbbells whose weight is
changed mechanically — for example, by turning a dial or moving a
selector pin — rather than manually adding or removing plates. This can
make it very easy to change the weight of the dumbbell between
exercises. Such dumbbells often include stands that double as storage for
the additional weights not being used for a particular exercise.

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Electric Tilt Table

Type A Type B

Standard Features
• Safety Belts: Three adjustable 4" safety belts can be positioned for child or adult use.
• Casters: Four 5" casters with brakes provide stability and maneuverability
• Padding: The table top and foot board are fully padded with 2" thick foam and
covered with an attractive, easy-to-clean vinyl.
• Lift Capacity: 350 lbs. load capacity is provided by a smoothly operating, efficient
actuator with automatic over travel protection, remote control switch and 7 ft. cord.
• Work Table: The optional (extra cost) work tray is two-way adjustable to
accommodate individual requirements.
Goniometer: The attached angle indicator shows the table position from 0° (horizontal) to
90° (vertical).
Options
• Work Tray
• Chest, Hip, and Leg Pads
• Custom upholstery
• Additional Belts
Benefits
The comprehensive benefits of upright positioning to a person's bodily functions and
emotional outlook can be realized by the use of a tilt table. From alleviating pressure
problems to improvement in circulation, the ACTIVEAID Tilt Table provides a means to
realize these benefits. Appropriate tolerance levels can be determined by using the angle
indicator and the infinite adjustment of the lift actuator.
These tilt tables address transfer needs and caregiver treatment facilitation and are
appropriate for home use as well as being very functional in a larger facility setting.

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Dimensions Type A Type B

Overall length 81" 81"
Overall width 27 ½" 27 ½"
Pad length 78" 78"
Pad width 22" 22"
Table top height from floor 32" 24"
Maximum height at vertical position 81" 78 ½"
Patient lift capacity 350 lbs. 350 lbs.

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Tilt Table Test

What is a Tilt Test?

A Tilt Table Test or TTT is widely used in making the diagnosis of Neurally (pronounced
new-rully) Mediated Syncope (pronounced syn-cup-ee) or NMS. Both of them are discussed
below.

What is Neurally Mediated Syncope (NMS) and why do these patients pass out?
NMS is a condition that can occur in a wide range of people, many of whom do not have any
other associated cardiovascular problems. These patients give a history of repeatedly having
syncope (passing out spells) over the course of several years. Some of these spells may be
preceded by a hot sensation or nausea but many come on without any warning. The patient
may fall to the ground and recover consciousness quickly and without any further problems.
The episodes of syncope may occur at church, in the grocery store, while a blood specimen is
being drawn, or while sitting quietly at home, etc. Surprisingly, the majority of the patients
never sustain serious injuries and the diagnosis may go undetected for decades. Patient's get
used to having "faints" and life goes on! The availability of the Tilt Test, its wide success in
establishing the diagnosis of NMS, and effective treatment for NMS has resulted in the well
deserved popularity of the test.
To understand this phenomenon, we must first examine how the nervous system of the
body functions. During our daily activities, our heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)
constantly rise and fall to meet the needs of the body. The HR and BP are lower at rest, while
the HR picks up and BP is elevated during emotional stress and exercise. The control of the
HR and BP are under the domain of the sympathetic (pronounced sim-pa-thetic) and
parasympathetic nervous system. The former increases the HR and BP while the latter
reduces them. To simplify this concept, let us imagine that the body is an automobile.
Pressing the accelerator pedal would make the car work harder and go faster. In contrast,
pressing the brake pedal would slow the car down. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system
behaves like an accelerator for the body while the parasympathetic system functions like a
braking system. You with me? Great!
Normally, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system work together in a very
efficient and cooperative manner. Just like a good driver, the accelerator and brake pedals are
used efficiently (one being slowly pressed while the other is smoothly released). The car
slows down and speeds up so smoothly that one does not recognize the change. Similarly,
our HR and BP goes up and down without us being aware of it. From time to time, this
system breaks down in people with NMS. It is almost as if the accelerator pedal remains in
the control of the car driver while the braking system is occasionally turned over to an
extremely nervous "back seat driver." This spells trouble! Now, if the "car" accelerates too
rapidly (HR and BP goes up), the back seat driver panics and SLAMS the brake. The HR and
BP (either singly or together) drop suddenly and severely. This reduces blood supply to the
brain and the patient passes out. The back seat driver then steps off the brake pedal, the HR
and BP increases, blood flow is restored and the patient awakens.

How is the Tilt Test Performed?

The patient is hooked to an EKG machine and a BP monitor. The HR and BP are constantly
monitored during the procedure. An intravenous (IV) line is placed in the arm. Large patches

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are also applied to the patient's chest.

These patches are connected to an external pacemaker and turned on if the patient's HR slows
down and does not pick right up (in the majority of cases the slow HR is transient and the
external pacemaker is only a precautionary measure).

The patient lays on a swivel table in a flat position. Safety straps are applied across the
chest and legs to hold the patient in place.
After obtaining the baseline HR and BP, the motorized table is tilted up to an angle of 80
degrees. This simulates going from a flat (supine) to a standing or upright position. The
change in position causes the HR and BP to rise and the patient's response is noted.
Depending upon the physician and the protocol of a given laboratory, the duration of time
spent in the supine and upright position can vary from 5 to 30 minutes.

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If nothing happens, the table is returned to the flat position and an intravenous infusion of
isoproternol (Trade name = Isuprel) is started. This medicine increases the HR and BP. This
effect is similar to that produced by our own natural adrenaline release. As you may have
gathered, the test is now simulating what happens when the sympathetic nervous system is
stimulated and the "accelerator" is pressed. The tilt table is then raised back up to 80 degrees
and the IV medication continued.
A stop clock in the room is used to keep track of time. If an abnormal result is not seen, the
table is lowered and then raised back up after increasing the dose of the IV medicine. In
patients with NMS, the increase in HR and BP is usually sufficient to cause "panic in the
back seat driver" (parasympathetic nervous system). When this happens, the HR, BP or both
drop suddenly and dramatically as the parasympathetic system "slams the brake pedal.". The
patient gets dizzy and passes out. Thus, TTT succeeds in simulating a real life situation and
establishes the cause of recurrent black out spells. With the above changes, the test is
considered positive. The IV medicine is immediately stopped and the patient returned to the
flat or supine position. Within a few seconds, the patient regains consciousness and both the
HR and BP return to normal. The patient is observed for 10 to 20 minutes and then
disconnected from the
equipment.................................................................................................

How to prepare for the Tilt test?

Check with your physician to see if any of your medications need to be held. You should not
eat or drink after midnight to reduce the risk of nausea and vomiting during the test. Try and
wear a blouse or shirt to expedite preparation for the test.
How long does the Tilt test take?
The test generally takes a total of 1 1/2 hours. This includes preparation, the actual test and
the recovery phase. Please make sure that somebody can drive you home after the test.
How safe is a Tilt test?
The test is fairly safe, although it can be dramatic for the patient if the test is positive and

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causes a black out spell. Not a very pleasant circumstance! However, the patient needs to
recognize that this denotes a positive response and opens the door to the addition of
extremely effective medications that may dramatically reduce or totally eliminate the
patient's recurrent black out spells. In rare cases, the test may produce persistent abnormal
heart rhythm and patients with coronary artery disease may occasionally experience lingering
chest discomfort. Experienced staff and equipment are on hand to handle these potential
complications.
What information is provided by the Tilt test?
The tilt test helps to confirm the diagnosis of NMS. This is extremely important because
there is effective treatment for the condition which can either totally eradicate or dramatically
reduce the frequency and intensity of symptoms (dizziness and black out spells). Recent
research studies have also shown a correlation between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and
NMS. Treatment aimed at NMS has been shown to be beneficial in many patients with CFS
(if they have a positive tilt test). The use of beta-blockers is most commonly employed in the
treatment of NMS. The beta-blockers act as a "governor" on a carburetor. The motor does not
"rev up" as much (HR and BP does not increase drastically) and the back seat driver
(parasympathetic system) remains calm and does not slam on the brakes. Other drugs that
have shown benefit include aminophylline, disopyramide and certain anti-depressants
serotonin-uptake inhibitors).
How quickly will I get the results of the Tilt Test?
The tilt test results are generally provided to you as soon as it is completed. Changes in your
medications, if indicated by the results of the test, may be discussed at the same time or
during a subsequent office visit.

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Therapeutic Putty
THERAPEUTIC PUTTY is used in PHYSICAL THERAPY in :
• Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
• Arthritis Rehabilitation (Osteoarthritis)
• Hand Injury Rehabilitation
• Stress/Tension Relief
• Hand/Wrist Tendonitis

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:

Carpal tunnel syndrome affects workers in many fields. It is most
common among computer users, draftsmen, meat cutters,
secretaries, musicians, assembly-line workers and automotive repair
technicians. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome has a variety of causes: they
include genetic predisposition, health and lifestyle, repetitive motion
or trauma just to list a few. The most painful cases of Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome are those that have gone undetected or untreated over a
long period of time. If Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is caught in its early
stages, much of the pain and disability can be avoided.

Fortunately, most people who develop Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can find relief from pain and
numbness through proper treatment. When used in conjunction with proper ergonomics, Life
Long Therapeutic Putty can provide the hand and wrist exercises needed to have symptoms
relieved. Life Long Therapeutic Putty can be squeezed, pulled, and stretched to help build
muscle and strength in your hands, wrist, and forearm. It comes with 12 Physical Therapist
approved exercises.......................................................................................................................

Arthritis (Osteoarthritis) :
Osteoarthritis is a general term used to describe inflamed or damaged joints. The most
common type of arthritis to affect the hand and wrist is osteoarthritis (also called
degenerative arthritis). Genetics may be a risk factor for osteoarthritis. If so, degenerative
joint disease may be an inevitable fact of life for some people. It is possible to improve the
risk for developing a debilitating condition.

Exercise and stretching effectively spread the synovial fluid around joints ensuring that
cartilage receives essential nourishment. Use Life Long Therapeutic Putty to stretch and
exercise your hands effectively.

Hand/Wrist Tendonitis :
The most common cause of tendonitis is overuse and repetitive motion from recreational,
athletic, or occupational activities. When used 5-10 min a day 2 - 3x/day, in conjunction with
a flexibility program, Life Long Therapeutic Putty has been proven as an effective tool in
decreasing muscle fatigue and discomfort in non-acute chronic Tendonitis patients.

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Hand Injury Rehabilitation :

If you recently damaged your hands and your doctor or physical

therapist have suggested slowly building strength back into them. Life
Long Therapeutic Putty can do just that. It is the perfect isometric
exercise for the hands. Use only as directed by a doctor. For best results
follow the 12 physical therapist approved exercises on a daily basis.
Increasing activity as your hand and forearm gain strength.

Stress/Tension Relief :

Gripping and squeezing can help build strength in the hand and
wrist. It can help people who suffer from poor circulation by
enabling blood to pump more effectively throughout the body. Use
Life Long Therapeutic Putty in moderation at work or at home to
release muscle tension.

Finger Ladder

Finger Ladder or Wall Climbing is a device that can provide the patient with objective
reinforcement and therefore motivation for performing shoulder range of motion

Precaution: The patient must be taught the proper motion and not allowed to
substitute with trunk side-bending, toe-raising or shoulder-shrugging.

1. Shoulder Flexion: The patient stands, facing the ladder an arm’s length away, and
places the index or middle finger on a step of the ladder. The arm is moved into flexion
by climbing with the fingers. The patient steps closer to the ladder as the arm is
elevated.

2. Shoulder Abduction: The patient stands sideways, with the affected shoulder towards
the ladder an arm’s length away. The patient needs to externally rotate the shoulder
while abducting the arm.

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Parallel Bars

Use Of Parallel Bars In Rehabilitative & Physical Therapies :

The use of parallel bars of rehabilitation and physical therapy is crucial in the health
profession. Parallel bars are used to help people renew their strength, balance, range of
motion, and independence. For those recovering from injuries, illnesses and other
serious diseases, the parallels are the main components of physical therapy,
rehabilitation therapists, and exercise the use of parallel equipment. Rehabilitation for
coordination exercises. This work procedures to help people with problems of balance
and coordination, mainly due to a stroke or head injury.
Patients should be concise movements that work the bar more than a common and
muscle. Parallel are also used to repeat the exercises for the ability of an ambulatory
patient to walk independently or with assistance to improve. Before the exercises,
however, some patients have or develop the range of motion of joints and improve
muscle strength lost to development. Such training usually begins in parallel and then
progresses to walk with mobility aids such as walkers, crutches or walking parallel
canes.
Therapy are also used for general conditioning exercises. This rehabilitation therapy
combines range of motion, muscle strengthening and exercises for patients combat the
effects of a wheelchair for a long period of time, or prolonged bed rest and
immobilization. General conditioning exercises are used to increase heart and lung
function and help restore blood flow. Parallel necessary beams are of vital importance
to the mode of training. On the road to recovery, the preparation of the march is a
monumental task requires patience, dedication, a huge amount of will and the help of a
physiotherapist.
Even if a patient can walk, you can find extremely difficult without the proper
rehabilitation therapy. Some lesions, such as the brain or spinal cord, and the overall
impact may cause cramping. The approach to training can help patients resume their
normal ambulatory individuals motion. For change in their physical development,
uneven bars and parallel rehabilitation therapy can have significant benefits. Many
people are familiar with the importance of recovery after surgery, injury, stroke, etc.,
but the rehabilitation therapy has shown significant benefits for people with chronic
diseases or serious such as arthritis, osteoporosis and multiple sclerosis, which is crucial
for all areas of movement and function. Spasticity, weakness, balance, dizziness,
knowledge, vision and coordination are some of the symptoms can be improved by
regular physical therapy. Physiotherapy also has a huge amount of psychological
benefits that come with greater confidence, self-image, the image and the overall sense
of well being.
For any type of rehabilitation to be successful it is essential to create a multi-faceted,
interdisciplinary course of techniques therapy and exercises that focus on a broad and
comprehensive. The use of parallel bars for physical therapy is only a fragment of the
whole process. This treatment should always strive for maximum autonomy to restore
all aspects of the lifestyle of an individual. It’s important to remember that not all
rehabilitation process is the same. There are times when different strategies are

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employed in the same patient and another time when the same strategies are employed
in different patients.
Therapists need to be smart enough weaknesses and needs of their patients and then
develop and manage a plan of exercises designed to increase mobility, strength,
coordination distinct, and balance. As the use of parallel bars to take the equipment
from other rehabilitation therapists, such as balance boards, exercise balls, hand and
finger exercises, MediCordz, and cords of resistance bands and tubes. Always consult a
certified physical therapist or chiropractor for years and the most appropriate and
effective procedures for the parallel.

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SHOULDER WHEEL (with 360 deg. scale)

All 16g tube constructed, 100 cm diameter wheel

revolve smoothly with C.I drum & is fitted with
calibrated sensitive resistance mechanism, and the
resistance is controllable from zero to maximum. A
360 deg. scale is provided on the drum to measure
and record the degree of revolution from either
direction. Arc of motion can be varied from 26cm to
86cm dia. Fitted with attachment to raise or lower
the wheel at the desired height for each patient.
Mounted on three laminated hardwood wall boards.
Oven baked finish.

SHOULDER CUM ELBOW CYCLE

A versatile exerciser that provides an upper body workout while seated in a comfortable
position. The balanced front fly wheel provides a smooth, fluid motion. Resistance is
user adjustable. The padded, adjustable removable forehead rest minimizes neck and
shoulder strain. An electronic readout shows time, pace and pedal counter.

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AXIAL SHOULDER EXERCISER

For shoulder & supination-pronation exercises. Used

in the same way as a conventional shoulder wheel &
wrist machine. A wall mounting unit suitable for small
clinics is adjustable in height & radius and fitted with
calibrated sensitive resistance mechanism, resistance
is controlable from zero to maximum by tightening
the
strap. A 360 deg. scale is provided on the drum to
measure and record the degree of revolution from
either direction. Adjustment bars are chrome
plateded. Comes with wall fixing plates.

SHOULDER PULLEY SET (Tee Bracket)

Tubular constructed wall mounting unit,

comes with Two Pulleys, Rope and Two
Handles. Set provides reciprocal, assistive
and resistive exercises of the elbow and
shoulder. Oven baked finish.

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SHOULDER SPRING EXERCISER

Medium tension steel wire construction

with a loop in the centre having hand
grips at the ends for both hands. Finished
bright chrome plated. For elbow and
shoulder compression exercises.

SHOUDLER ABDUCTION LADDER

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Ideal for progressive range of shoulder motion. Made of

polished teak wood having 30 numbered steps.
Complete with wall fixing hardware.

The patient stands sideways, with the affected shoulder

towards the ladder an arm’s distance away. The patient
needs to externally rotate the shoulder while abducting
the arm..

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ARM EXERCISER (Pulley Apparatus)

All chrome plated, tubular steel construction,

mounted on wooden platform and fitted with
painted wall bracket at the top for wall mounting.
Comes with adjustable swivel pulley block, a set of
ten locking weights and two handles with nylon
rope, suitable for all shoulder, elbow & chest
exercises.

WALL BAR

Wall bar single section, hardwood constructed

sturdy frame size:90cm wide x 250cm high, finished
in natural wood polish. 16 ovel-shaped rungs are
squarely fitted into vertical bars. Unit is provided
with two wall brackets for fitting to the wall and One
foam padded knee support as an aid for wheel chair
patients for pull up exercises.

HAND EXERCISER
Consists of two chrome plated bars, one in a fixed position
having two plastic grips and the other one turning around
a centre pin having one hand grip and one revolving
sleeve. Distance between the bars is adjustable. The unit is
mainly used for gentle grip strengthening exercises.

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ROTARY WRIST MACHINE

Single grip unit of precision machined metal drum with

calibrated sensitive resistance control mechanism, is fitted on
a height adjustable bar to suit different patients. Resistance
can be increased or decresed for Supination and Pronation
exercises. Range of motion can also be measured and
recorded from the scale provided on the drum.

WRIST ROLL

One piece aluminium roll in three different

diameters i.e. 30mm, 40mm and 50mm
fitted to wall board size: 20cm x 90cm long
with adjustable friction control mechanism,
controllable from zero to maximum for
flexion and extension exercises of wrist and
forearm. Oven baked finish. Wooden parts
finished natural.

WRIST CIRCUMDUCTOR

Cast iron wheel of 30cm diameter with drum

stand is mounted on a laminated wooden base
size:65cm x 22cm. Has a small adjustable handle
fitted to the wheel. Knob is provided on the drum
to control resistance from zero to maximum.
A hollowed foam padded platform size: 22cm x
3cm x 15cm high is fitted with two straps to hold
arm and is fitted over the base in front of the
wheel for wrist circumduction. Metal parts oven
baked finish.

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BALL MEDICINE (Leather)

Ball medicine, made out of fine leather, securely

stitched with strong leather cord, for Arm and
Leg exercises, comes in different sizes & weights
i.e: 1 kg., 2 Kg., 3 kg., 4 Kg., 5 kg.

BALL MEDICINE (PVC)

A modern day medicine balls constructed of a

hick Vinyl shell with no stitches, patches or
seams to break. These Balls maintains their
round shape and makes it easy to catch and
work
with.
The Set of Three Balls: 1kg, 2kg & 3kg comes
with a metal painted stand to store. Available in
set or individually.

SMOOTH EXERCISE BOARD

Top of 120 cm x 100 cm laminated board with

hardwood frame, comes with the facility to
adjust the incline on either side.

Suitable for assistive and resistive exercises of

legs and arms. Comes with complete skate.

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THERAPY PUTTY

Bleed proof non-toxic, clean & non-oily therapy putty leaves no colour or residue
on patient's hand and it won't fragment, separate or stick to skin.

It is designed to meet a wide range of hand / arm strengthening needs. Putty can
be squeezed, twisted, stretched or pinched. 5 packs of 450 grams each in five
different resistances.

WEIGHT CUFF SET

Strengthen weak muscles through load resisting
exercises of both upper and lower limbs. Lead
shots filled cuff is double sewn and has long
wrap around straps to hold weight cuff
securely, comes in 1/2kg, 1kg, 1.5kg, 2kg, 2.5kg
and 3kg weights.

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 Modalities Of Exercise Therapy & Electro Therapy
– Ami (Amber)

MEDICINE BALL EXERCISES

Medicine balls are large balls with covers of leather, rubber or canvas. They can be
obtained in a variety of weights. Rubber balls vary from 1 lb. to 9 lbs., and are cheaper
than leather covered ones, which vary from 4 lbs. to 9 lbs. Leather ball is easier to
control and is used for throwing and catching exercises; the rubber can, in addition , be
bounced. An old football may be used, if suitably stuffed.

Medicine ball exercise can be used for many purposes. They bring into play large group of
muscles in all parts of the body, providing resistance according to the weight. They also
help to mobilize joints, the weights and momentum of the ball producing also the over
stretch.
For instance, throwing the ball behind the body after a quick turning movement of the
trunk will mobilize the vertebral joints and strengthen the trunk rotators. They
improve co-ordination and neuromuscular control, since concentration and quickness
are required in throwing and catching ball.
The patients usually enjoy these exercises which can be used as the ‘game’ in ordinary
tables; or, in suitable circumstances, the whole or part of a table may be composed of
them. As with Indian clubs care must be taken in throwing them, especially when many
patients exercise together, though they are less likely to cause harm than the wooden
clubs. Patients in class should be under strict orders not to pick up dropped balls while
others are still exercising in order to reduce the risk of accident. Obviously, precautions
as to windows or other breakable objects must be taken.
Medicine balls may be used for a patient working alone, for two patients as partners.
Lighter balls may be effectively used in the treatment of nervous disease.

Leather Medicine Ball Rubber or PVC Medicine Ball

[24]
 Modalities Of Exercise Therapy & Electro Therapy
– Ami (Amber)

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF NERVES

AND MUSCLES
Nerve Transmission
Potential difference means the concentration of ions inside and outside the plasma
membrane of a nerve. The resting nerve is positive outside and negative inside and the
plasma membrane is not perrncable to sodium ions. This is described as the polarized
stage of the membrane.
When a nerve is stimulated, the stimulus causes a fall in the potential difference across
the plasma membrane. When this fall reaches a certain critical level it causes an
alteration in the permeability of the membrane of the sodium ions. This results in an
alteration in the concentration of ions inside and outside and a further fall off potential
difference until a reversal of polarity occur: the

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