PROGRAM NO.

MOTION OF CHARAGE PARTICAL

IN UNIFORM

ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD

Uniform electric field
Electric field, an electric property associated with each point in space when charge is present in
any form. The magnitude and direction of the electric field are expressed by the value of e,
called electric field strength or electric field intensity or simply the electric field.
Q Q
E=K 1 2 2
r
The electric field from a positive charge points away from the charge; the electric field from a
negative charge points toward the charge. Like the electric force, the electric field E is a vector. If
the electric field at a particular point is known, the force a charge q experiences when it is placed
at that point is given by
F=QE
a=

QE
M

Uniform magnetic field

A magnetic field is a mathematical description of the magnetic influence of electric
currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both
a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field.[nb 1] The magnetic field is
most commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric
charges. Magnetic field can refer to two separate but closely related fields which are denoted by
the symbols B and H.
All moving charged particles produce magnetic fields. Moving point charges, such as electrons,
produce complicated but well known magnetic fields that depend on the charge, velocity, and
acceleration of the particles.
Force on moving charges
A charged particle moving in a B-field experiences a sideways force that is proportional to the
strength of the magnetic field, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the
magnetic field and the charge of the particle. This force is known as the Lorentz force, and is
given by
F=Q(v B)

a=

Q
(v B)
M

As we considered that magnetic field is along Z-axis and electric field along Y axis. So, the z
component of acceleration is zero and rest are you can find by yourself.
NOTE:- If our time step is very small than we get circular path ,and if time step is normal than
we get helical path.

Uniform electric and magnetic field

Consider a particle of mass M and electric charge (Q) moving in the uniform electric and
magnetic fields, E and B. Suppose that the fields are ``crossed'' (i.e., perpendicular to one
another), so that E . B = 0.
The force acting on the particle is given by the familiar Lorentz law:
F=Q(E+(v B))

Where

is the particle's instantaneous velocity.

Hence, from Newton's second law, the particle's equation of motion can be written

a=

Q
(E+( v B))
M

Now as we considered that the magnetic field is directed along the Z-axis. And electric field
along Y- axis. So acceleration components are:
ax=
But,

Q
( E +( v B)x ) ,
M x

a y=

Q
(E +( v B) y )
M y

a z=

Q
( E +(v B)z )
M z

as electric field along Y-axis so, Ex = Ez = 0 and Magnetic field along Z-axis so,

Bx = By = 0, so above equation become.

ax=

Q
(v B )
M y z

E y ( v x B z)
Q
a y=
M
a z=0

Eulers Method
Introduction
we will consider a numerical method for a basic initial value problem, that is, for
y = F(x, y) , y(0) =
(1.1)
We will use a simplistic numerical method called Eulers method. Because of the simplicity of
both the problem and the method, the related theory is relatively transparent and will be provided
in detail.With respect to (1.1), we assume that a unique solution exists, but that analytical
attempts to construct it have failed.
Eulers Method
Consider the problem of approximating a continuous function y = f (x) on
x 0 which satisfies the differential equation
y= F(x, y)

(1.2)

on x > 0, and the initial condition

y(0) = ,
(1.3)
in which is a given constant. Euler developed a method to prove that the initial value problem
(1.2), (1.3) had a solution. The method was numerical in nature and today it is implemented on

modern computers and is called Eulers method. The basic idea is as follows. By the definition of
a derivative,
f ( x +h ) f (x )
y(x) = lim
(1.4)
h
h0
For small h > 0, then, (1.4) implies that a reasonable difference quotient approximation for y(x)
is
f ( x+ h )f (x)
y(x) =
h
(1.5)
Substitution of (1.5) into (1.2) yields the difference equation
f ( x+ h )f ( x)
= F(x, y)
h
(1.6)
which approximates the differential equation (1.2). However, (1.6) can be rewritten as
f (x + h) = f (x) + hF(x, y)
or, equivalently, as

y(x + h) = y(x) + hF(x, y(x))

(1.7)
which enables one to approximate y(x + h) in terms of y(x) and F(x,y(x)).
Equation (1.7) is the cornerstone of Eulers method, which is described precisely as follows.
Since a computer cannot calculate indefinitely, let x 0 be replaced by
0 x L, in which L is a positive constant. The value of L is usually determined by the physics
of the phenomenon under consideration. If the phenomenon occurs over a short period of time,
then L can be chosen to be relatively small. If the phenomenon is long lasting, then L must be
relatively large. In either case, L is a fixed, positive constant. The interval 0 x L is then
divided into n equal parts, each of length h, by the points xi = ih, i = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n. The value h =
L/n is called the grid size.
The points xi are called grid points.
Let yi = y(xi), i = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n, so that initial condition (1.3)
implies y0 = .
Next, at each of the grid points x0, x1, x2, . . . , xn1, approximate the differential equation by (3.6)
in the notation
y i +1 y i
=F( xi , y i)
h
(1.8)
or, in explicit recursive form
y i+1= yi +hF ( x i , y i )

i=0,1,2,3,n-1,

Then, beginning with

y0 = ,

(1.10)

set i = 0 in (1.9) and determine y1. Knowing y1, set i = 1 in (1.9) and determine y2. Knowing y2,
set i = 2 in (1.9) and determine y3, and so forth, until, finally, yn is generated. The resulting
discrete function y0, y1, y2, . . . , yn is called the numerical solution.