Pengaruh Azotobacter chroococcum dan Aspergillus niger

Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Kompos Limbah Sludge

Industri Pengolahan Susu
S.R Juliastuti 1,*), Nuniek Hendrianie 1), Hita Hamastuti 1), Elysa Dwi O 1)
Laboratorium Pengolahan Limbah Industri Jurusan Teknik Kimia FTI-ITS
Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111.
Telp. 031-5946240. Fax. 031-5999282. Email : juliaz30@chem-eng.its.ac.id
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan pupuk kimia secara berlebih merupakan salah satu penyebab banyaknya lahan
kritis di Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, dilakukan pembuatan pupuk organik bentuk padat
(kompos) dengan memanfaatkan limbah sludge industri pengolahan susu. Tujuan penelitian ini
adalah mengamati pengaruh penambahan biofertilizer yaitu, Azotobacter chroococcum dan
Aspergillus niger terhadap kualitas dari kompos dengan bahan baku dari limbah sludge industri
pengolahan susu dan membandingkan pengaruh antara tanah, tanah + blanko (kompos limbah
sludge industri pengolahan susu tanpa biofertilizer), tanah + limbah sludge industri pengolahan
susu + Azotobacter chroococcum dan Aspergillus niger, tanah + kompos yang berada di pasaran,
serta mengamati perubahan ketinggian dan banyaknya jumlah kapasitas panen pada tanaman uji
cabai dan terong. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penambahan tepung tulang sebanyak
0,6 kilogram/ 3 kilogram sludge dan ditampung dalam rotary drum composter yang dilengkapi
dengan aerator. Kualitas kompos ditingkatkan dengan penambahan Azotobacter chroococcum
sebagai bakteri penambat nitrogen dan Aspergillus niger sebagai pelarut fosfat. Variabel ratio
penambahan Azotobacter chroococcum dan Aspergillus niger adalah 10:5 ml (1:0,5%v/w), 20:10ml
(2:1%v/w) dan 30:15ml (3:1,5%v/w). Parameter yang dianalisa dalam penelitian ini adalah
kandungan nitrogen, fosfat, kalium, pH, temperatur, karbon dan kadar air. Hasil dari penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa mikroorganisme Azotobacter chroococcum dan Aspergillus niger dapat
meningkatkan kadar nitrogen dan fosfat pada limbah sludge industri pengolahan susu. Variabel
terbaik ialah Azotobacter chroococcum 1 %v/w : Aspergillus niger 0,5 %v/w, ditunjukkan dengan
pertambahan tinggi tanaman terong 12,2% dan cabai 21,6% serta kapasitas panen terong 44,2
gram/tanaman dan cabai 11 gram/tanaman.
Kata kunci : Aspergillus niger, Azotobacter chroococcum, kompos, limbah sludge industri susu

The Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and Aspergillus niger

to Quality Improvement of Compost from the Sludge Waste of
Dairy Processing Industry
S.R Juliastuti 1,*), Nuniek Hendrianie 1), Hita Hamastuti 1), Elysa Dwi O 1)
Industrial Waste Treatment Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department FTI-ITS
Kampus ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111.
Telp. 031-5946240. Fax. 031-5999282. Email : juliaz30@chem-eng.its.ac.id
ABSTRACT
The excessive use of chemical fertilizer was one cause of the the great number of critical
areas in Indonesia. To overcome this problem, solid organic fertilizer (compost) was created by
utilizing the sludge waste of dairy processing industry. The purpose of this research is to observe
the effect of the biofertilizers addition, they are Azotobacter chroococcum and Aspergillus niger
towards the quality of compost using sludge waste of dairy processing industry as the raw material
and compare the influence among soil, soil + compost from sludge waste of dairy proceesing
industry without biofertilizer, soil + compost from sludge waste of dairy processing industry with
Azotobacter chroococcum and Aspergillus niger biofertilizer, soil + compost on the market, and
observe changes of height and the quantity of harvesting capacity on the test plant (chili and
eggplant). The method used was the addition of bone meal in 0,6 kilograms/ 3 kilograms of sludge
and collected in rotary drum composter which was equiped with aerators. The quality of compost
was enhanced by the addition of Azotobacter chroococcum as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and
Aspergillus niger as phosphate solvent. Ratio variable for the addition of Azotobacter chroococcum
and Aspergillus niger was 10:5 ml (1:0,5%v/w), 20:10ml (2:1%v/w) and 30:15ml (3:1,5%v/w).
Parameters analyzed in the study was the content of nitrogen, phospate, potassium, carbon, pH,
temperature, and water content. Results of this research showed that Azotobacter chroococcum and
Aspergillus niger microorganism could increase the level of nitrogen and phosphate in sludge waste
of dairy processing industry. The best variable was Azotobacter chroococcum 1 %v/w : Aspergillus
niger 0,5 %v/w, indicated by the increasing of plant height as much as 12,2% for eggplant and
21,6% for chilli, also the capacity of harvesting as much as 44,2 grams/plant for eggplant and 11
grams/plant for chilli.
Key words : Aspergillus niger, Azotobacter chroococcum, compost, sludge waste of dairy
processing industry