Experiment #1

Objective: To determine the angles of different joints with the help of gonio meter.
Equipment required:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Gonio meter
Computer(setup installed)
Adopter and cables
Scale
Marker
Board
Thread

Gonio meter is an instrument used for the precise measurement of angles (especially one used to
measure the angles between the faces or joints (or articular surface)). It is a motion sensor so it
can also measure the relative velocity and acceleration between links of joint.
To check the precision of gonio meter we will do theoretical
calculation,
By using the mathematical relation

Where is angle,s is arc length and r is radius.

Introduction:
A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the location at which bones(links) connect. They
are constructed to allow movement (except for skull, sacral, sternal, and pelvic bones).
Angle is the figure formed by two links. In other words Angle defines the region of convergence
of movement of links.
Different termonolgy which we use are:

Flexion is the bending of a joint so as to bring together the parts it connects

Extension is the straightening of a joint
Dorsiflexion is the movement of the ankle which pulls the toes and foot up towards the body.
Plantarflexion is the movement which points of the toes and foot away from the body.

Procedure:
1) Connect cables and connectors to connect gonio meter with computer
2) Mount the gonio meter to the links of the joint carefully(as shown in figure 1.1)
3) Power on the computer, computer will show a window which says it found a new sensor.
use that sensor by using data studio(shown in figure 1.2)
For study of joints
4) Take anatomical position of as a reference and move the links by keeping the joint
static(flexion and extension)
5) Note down the angles covered by joints for both flexion and extension(Given on the
screen of computer as shown in figure 1.3)
For precision of Goino meter
6) Fully extent the elbow and place it down on board while holding the pen in hand(as
shown in figure1.4)
7) Now move the arm by keeping the elbow static at a fixed point
8) Note down the angle given by screen of the computer
9) Draw straight lines with the help of pen and scale between fixed point and end points of
the distance covered by arm
10) Now, Measure the calculation theoretically by using equation (1)
11) And compare the values calculated by goino meter and calculated by mathematically
formula.

Calculations and observations:

Study of joints
Joints

Reference position

Angle covered by

Angle covered by

(Anatomical

Flexion (degree)

hyper

Knee (Hinge Joint)

Elbow(Hinge Joint)

position)
Shown in Figure 1.5
Anatomical

155
170

extension(degree)
0
0

wrist(Ellipsoid

position
Shown in Figure 1.6

90

45

Joint)
Foot(Gliding Joint)

Shown in Figure 1.7

45(Dories flexion)

-45(planter flexion)

Precision of gonio meter

The noted angles was 45 degree
r=39.5 cm
s=29
as we know

so

degree

Which is same as noted by the goino meter

Percussions:
1) Carefully connect cables and connectors
2) Care the distance of cable(connected to gonio meter) to the joint position

3) Carefully mount and un mount the gonio meter

Figures:

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.5
Figure 1,7