Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Schools Division Office 1 of Pangasinan
CALASIAO COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calasiao,Pangasinan
S.Y. 2016-2017

SCIENCE 8
(PHYSICS)
Prepared By:
Karyle Anne S. Tabian
8-Aristotle
Sub
mitted to:
Mirasol A. Vallo
Science 8 Teacher

MODULE 5:SOUNDS
1. What are the characteristics/properties of sound?
Sound waves, like other mechanical waves, are described by
the properties of wavelength, frequency, wave speed, and
amplitude.
2.How does sound travel in solid,liquid or gas?
Sound is produced by vibrations.Vibrations can travel
through air,solids and liquids.But sounds cannot travel
through a vacuum.Sound vibrations need a medium to carry
them from one place to another.
The speed of sound depends on the particles of the medium
the sound wave is moving through. Because the particles in a
solid are tightly packed together, sound waves can quickly
transfer energy from particle to particle in a solid. The
particles in liquids are less tightly packed, so the sound travels
more slowly than in most solids. Gas particles are farther
apart, so the speed of sound is slowest when it moves through
gases.
3.Describe the ff:
A. Longitudinal Waves
A longitudinal wave is a series of disturbances traveling
through a medium in which the particles vibrate in paths

parallel to the directions the disturbances of the wave are

traveling.
B.Transverse Waves
A transverse wave is a series of disturbances traveling
through a medium in which particles of the medium vibrate
in paths that are perpendicular to the direction of motion of
the disturbances of the wave.
2. How does temperature affect sound propagation?
Sound is directly affected by the temperature of the
medium.Heat,just like sound,is a form of kinetic energy.At
higher temperatures,particles have more kinetic energy and
thus,vibrate faster.And when particles vibrate faster,there will
be more collisions per unit time.With more collisions per unit
time,sound travels more quickly. The hotter the medium,the
faster the sound travels.
3. Research on the meaning of the ff:
A. Frequency
Frequency is defined as the number of cycles completed in
one second. The unit of measurement for frequency is Hertz
(Hz), and it is fully synonymous to the older and more
straightforward term cycles per second (cps). Conceptually,
frequency is simply the rate of vibration.
B. Wavelength
Wavelength is the distance from one compression to the next
or between two successive compressions in a longitudinal

wave.The unit of wavelength is m,and its symbol is the

Greek letter,Lambda ( )
C. Amplitude
Amplitude is a measure of the energy used to create the
wave. It is also defined as the greatest distance the particles
in a wave rise or fall from their rest position.Meter (m) is the
unit of amplitude.The greater the amplitude, the greater the
energy of the wave and the louder the sound.
D. Reflection
Reflection is usually described as the turning back of a wave
as it hits a barrier.Since sound is a wave,it also produces
reflection.Echo is an example of reflected sound. The
fraction of sound energy reflected from a surface is more
when the surface is rigid and smooth, and less when the
surface is soft and irregular. Sound energy that is not
reflected is absorbed or transmitted.
E. Refraction
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it crosses the
boundary between two media at an angle. When a wave that
is traveling at an angle changes its speed upon crossing a
boundary between two media, it bends. Sound waves are
refracted when parts of a wave front travel at different
speeds.For example,
On a warm day,the air near the ground may be
appreciably hotter than the air above. Since sound travels
faster in warmer air and the Earths surface is hotter,then

sound would move from the hotter region(Earths surface)

towards the cooler region above, making it appear that the
sound does not carry well.
On a cold day or at night, when the layer of air near the
ground is colder than the air above,sound will travel from
the warmer region which is the air above and then to the
colder region which is the Earths surface.Thus,sound waves
are refracted to the Earths surface.That is also the reason
why open field concerts are held mostly during nighttime.

MODULE 6:COLORS OF LIGHT

1. What are the characteristics/properties of light?
Characteristics of Light:
Light is a kind of electromagnetic wave.It is the only
electromagnetic energy that can be perceived by the
human vision.An electromagnetic wave doesnt require
any medium to propagate.
It travels in a straight line.
It reflects from surfaces.
It refracts from boundaries of transparent materials.
Properties of Light:
Frequency
Wavelength
Amplitude
2. Differentiate reflection of light from refraction of light.
Reflection is when light bounces off an object, while
refraction is when light bends while passing through an object.
3. How are refraction and dispersion demonstrated in light?
Light travels so fast at a speed of 30 x 108 m/s in a
vacuum.This speed decreases when light travels in a dense
medium.This means that the speed of light is dependent on the
properties of the medium.In the case of light,it is dependent on
the optical density of the medium.When light crosses the
boundary of two media of different optical density,a change in

speed takes place.This change in speed is manifested as

bending of the light ray.
Refraction of light,however,may result in a display of colors
of light when it passes through materials that can have varied
refractive indices for every wavelength of color that passes
through them.A glass prism,for example,has varied refracted
indices per wavelength of color resulting in different bending
angles of the refracted colors of light with respect to the
normal line.This is what we call as dispersion.
4. Among the different colors of light,which is bent most and
least?
Blue is the color which is bent most and red is the color which
is bent least.
5. Explain the occurrence of the ff:
A. Blue Sky
A clear cloudless day-time sky is blue because molecules in
the air scatter blue light from the sun more than they scatter
red light.
B. Red Sunset
When we look towards the sun at sunset, we see red colors
because the blue light has been scattered out and away from
the line of sight.

C.Rainbows

When the sun shines from behind us into the rain, incident
rays of light enter the drop and are refracted inwards. They
are reflected from the back surface of the raindrop, and
refracted again as they exit the raindrop and return to our
eyes. Refraction is responsible for splitting the sunlight into
its component colors resulting to form a rainbow.

References:
Karyle Anne Tabian (2015-2016).My past notes in Science
Physics Grade 7.

What is the difference between reflection and refraction

(n.d.).Retrieved from https://socratic.org/questions/whatis-the-difference-between-reflection-and-refraction
.

Ucr (n.d.)Why is the sky Blue?Retrieved from

http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/BlueSky/b
lue_sky.html

Webexhibits (n.d.)Rainbows | Causes of Color .Retrieved

from http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/13.html
DepED Philippines (2013)Science Grade 8 Learners Module First
Edition
The Physics of Sound (n.d.).Retrieved from
http://homepages.wmich.edu/~hillenbr/206/ac.pdf
11- Sound (n.d.).Retrieved from
http://moe.gov.mv/book/books/Science-Grade7/Unit
%209_Sounds.pdf
Sound and Hearing (n.d.).Retrieved from
http://www.mos.org/sites/dev-

elvis.mos.org/files/docs/education/mos_now-hearthis_sound-and-hearing.pdf

MS Science @ TASOK (n.d.).How Does Sound Energy Travel?

Retrieved from http://tasokscience.edublogs.org/files/2013/08/ls4_44-2-1nrinsc.pdf
James Brennan (n.d.).Physics Symbols.Retrieved from
http://jamesbrennan.org/physics/units.pdf
Reflection and Refraction (n.d.).Retrieved from
http://fcis.aisdhaka.org/personal/chendricks/IB/ConceptualPhysics/c
pte29.pdf
Light: Properties and Characteristics Properties of light
(n.d.).Retrieved
from http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~harrison/P202/PDF/02-light4up.pdf