Professional Documents
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2. Past
Indefinite
Continuous
3. Future
Indefinite
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
TENSE SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
PERFECT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
Present
Active
Calls (s/es)
is/am/are calling
Passive
is/am/are
is/am/are
has/have
called
has/have
been called
has/have been
calling
No passive
Past
Active
called
Was/were calling
had called
was/were
called
Was/were being
called
had been
called
No passive
Future
Active
Will/shall
Will/shall calling
Passive
be called
No Passive
Will/shall
have called
Will/shall
have been
called
Will/shall been
calling
No passive
Passive
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Q 2. Use of Tenses:
1.
Present Indefinite Tense
(a)
To express what is actually taking place at the present moment, as.
1.
I play
2.
The boys sing a song.
3.
Here comes Ram.
4.
See how he works!
(b)
To express a habitual action, a habit or a custom; as,
1.
She smokes.
2.
I get up early in the morning.
3.
He goes for a walk every day.
4.
Cows eat grass.
(c)
To express a general truth, as,
1.
The earth revolves round the sun.
2.
Man is mortal.
3.
Sugar is sweet.
4.
Man proposes; God disposes.
(d)
To express the Past Tense in narrating past events in an exciting or a vivid
manner, as,
The plane takes off. Suddenly, a young man in black clothes rushes into the cockpit. He carries a revolver in his hand. Two more young men and a young girl
appear on the scene with hand grenades in their hands. They shout : Nobody
shall try to get up. Keep where your are!
(e)
To express a future event, which is already arranged, as
1.
The ship sails for England next week.
(f)
(g)
(h)
2.
Our examination begins on Wednesday.
To quote authors, as,
1.
Keats says, A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.
2.
Pope writes, A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
In conditional sentences clauses of one type, as,
1.
If I go to Delhi, I shall bring a camera for you.
2.
If Yuvraj plays in this match, we shall win.
With Verbs which cannot be used in the continuous form, as,
1.
She loves me. (It is wrong to say : she is loving me.)
2.
I know you. (not I am knowing you)
3.
It seems proper.
4.
Virtue means goodness.
Exercise 1.
Supply the correct form (Present Indefinite Tense) of the verb in brackets:
1.
Who (swim) in the pond everyday?
2.
We (burn) fuel to get heat.
3.
Here (come) the bride.
4.
The sum (rise) in the east.
5.
They (come) to school by bus.
6.
I (go) for a walk every day.
7.
The Governor (arrive) tomorrow morning.
8.
Raindrop (fall) from the clouds.
9.
You always (speak) the truth.
10.
I (be) the people, the mob, the crowd.
11.
Father asked me, How (be) you?
12.
I (not object) to this proposal,
13.
He (not like) mangoes,.
14.
Whenthe train (leave) ?
15.
The boys (know) the answer.
Exercise 2.
Fill the blanks with Present Continuous form of the verbs given in brackets:
1.
What..you..now?
(d)
2.
Theyto London next week.
(go)
3.
Meerato see me tomorrow.
(come)
4.
We..football.
(play)
5.
I.notes.
(not take)
6.
Why.he..at me?
(laugh)
7.
Rajan..a book.
(write)
8.
The boys.in the river.
(not swim)
9.
The workersthe walls.
(paint)
10.
Why..he..his clothes?
(change)
11.
She.the candles.
(blow out)
12.
The old man..with cold.
(shiver)
Practice Exercise 7
Complete the following sentences using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
1.
Wefor you for two hours.
(wait)
2.
It.since morning.
(rain)
3.
Whoat the door for ten minutes ?
(knock)
4.
They.here since 1997.
(live)
5.
The girlsfor two hours.
(sing)
6.
.hefrom fever since Monday ?
(not suffer)
7.
8.
9.
10.
(write)
(not run)
(fight)
(not come)
(speak)
(crawl)
(have)
(sing)
(do)
7. My motherrice.
8. Why..you..?
9. What..you..last evening ?
10. We.a film when they came.
(shake)
(cook)
(run)
(watch)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
She told me that she(work) for the last four hours before the light
went off.
Seema. (sure) from fever for a moments of examinations started.
She . (knit) a sweater for a month before she fell ill.
It (rain) for two days.
The farmer(milk) the cows for an hour before the bell rang.
She.. (teach) us English since 2001.
The police (look for) this thief for the last five years.
The boys .. (learn) their lessons for two hours before the test
started.
This tense denotes an action that will have been going on at or before some point of uim
in the future e.g.
1.
She will have been dancing for two hours before we reach there.
2.
I shall have been working for seven days before my employer comes back.
Exercise 20
Fill in the blanks with Future Perfect continuous Tense of the Verbs:
1.
Itin Shimla since morning
(snow)
2.
Whatyou..?
(write)
3.
We. (play) for three hours when you come here.
4.
Anand (live) in Jaipur for ten years.
5.
She (read) this book for ten days.
6.
I. (live) in Chennai for two months.
7.
.the tap .. (run) for an hour before you turn it off?
8.
The mechanic (repair) my car for an hour.
9.
He (suffer) from fever for six days before you get him admitted
to the hospital.
10.
Sita. (knit) my sweater, for a month before she leaves for
Mumbai.
Q 6.1.13 Some Important Points to be Remembered
I.
A past tense in the Main clause of a sentence having two or more clauses must be
followed by a Past Tense in the Subordinate Clause, e.g.
(a)
He passed the examination because he had worked very hard.
(b)
She told me that she would meet me in the market.3
(c)
We laughed as soon as he started singing.
(d)
He cried when she insulted him.
(e)
He came soon after you rang him up.
Exceptions to this rule
(a)
If the subordinate clauses expresses some universal or habitual fact, its
verb can remain in the present tense, e.g.
1.
She remarked that honesty is the best policy.
2.
The teacher said that the earth is round.
2.
Tense
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative
Negative
I play.
We play
You play
He/she/it plays.
They play
Ravi plays
Boys play
I do not play.
We do not play.
You do not play.
He/she/it does not play.
They do not play.
Ravi does not play.
Boys do not play.
Interrogative
Do I play?
Do we play?
Do you play?
Does he/she/it plays?
Do they play?
Does Ravi plays?
Do boys play?
Negative Interrogative
Do I do not play?
Do we do not play?
Do you do not play?
Does he/she/it does not play?
Do they do not play?
Do Ravi not play?
Do boys do not play?
Affirmative
I am playing
We are playing.
You are play
He/she/it is playing.
They are playing
Ravi is playing
Boys are playing
Negative
I am not playing
We are not playing.
You are not play
He/she/it is not playing.
They are not playing
Ravi is not playing
Boys are not playing
Interrogative
Am I playing?
Are we playing?
Are you playing?
Is he/she/it playing?
Are they playing?
Is Ravi playing?
Are boys playing?
Negative interrogative
Am I not playing?
Are we not playing?
Are you not playing?
Is he/she/it not playing?
Are they not playing?
Is Ravi not playing?
Are boys not playing?
PRESNET PERFECT
Affirmative
I have played.
We have played.
You have played.
He/she/it has played.
They have played.
Ravi has played.
Boys have played
Interrogative
Have I played?
Have we played?
Have you played?
Has he/she/it played?
Have they played?
Has Ravi played?
Has boys played?
Negative
I do have not played.
We have not played.
You have not played.
He/she/it has not played.
They have not played.
Ravi have not played.
Boys have not played.
Negative interrogative
Have I not played?
Have we not played?
Have you not played?
Has he/she/it not played?
Have they not played?
Has Ravi not played?
Has boys not played?
Negative
I (we, you, they) have not
been playing.
We have been not playing.
You have not been playing.
He/she/it has not been
playing
They have not been
playing.
Ravi has not been playing
Boys have not been
playing.
Interrogative
Have I (we, you, they)
been playing?
Have we been playing?
Have you been
playing?.
Has he/she/it been
playing?
Have they been
playing?
Has Ravi been playing?
Have Boys been
playing?
Negative
I did not play.
We did not play.
You did not play.
He/she/it did not play.
They did not play.
Ravi did not play.
Boys did not play.
Interrogative
Did I play?
Did we play?
Did you play?
Did he/she/it play?
Did they play?
Did Ravi play?
Did boys play?
Negative interrogative
Did I not play?
Did we not play?
Did you not play?
Did he/she/it not play?
Did they not play?
Did Ravi not play?
Did boys not play?
Negative
I had played.
We had played.
You had played.
He/she/it had played.
They had played.
Ravi had played.
Boys had played.
Interrogative
Had I played?
Had we played?
Had you played?
Had he/she/it played?
Had they played?
Had Ravi played?
Had boys played?
Negative interrogative
Had I not played?
Had we not played?
Had you not played?
Had he/she/it not played?
Had they not played?
Had Ravi not played?
Had boys not played?
Interrogative
Was I playing?
Were we playing?
Were you playing?
Was he/she/it playing?
Were they playing?
Was Ravi playing?
Were boys playing?
PAST
Negative
I was not playing
We were not playing.
You were not playing.
He/she/it was not playing.
They were not playing
Ravi was not playing
Boys were not playing
Negative Interrogative
Was I not playing?
Were we not playing?
Were you not playing?
Was he/she/it not playing?
Were they not playing?
Was Ravi not playing?
Were boys not playing?
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Affirmative
I had been playing.
We had been playing.
You had been playing.
He/she/it had been playing.
They had been playing.
Ravi had been playing.
Boys had been playing.
Negative
I had not been played.
We had not been played.
You had not been played.
He/she/it had not been played.
They had not been played.
Ravi had not been played.
Boys had not been played.
Interrogative
Had I been playing?
Had we been playing?
Had you been playing?
Had he/she/it been playing?
Had they been playing?
Had Ravi been playing?
Had boys been playing?
Negative interrogative
Had I not been playing?
Had we not been playing?
Had you not been playing?
Had he/she/it not been playing?
Had they not been playing?
Had Ravi not been playing?
Had boys not been playing?
C. 2
TENSE
EXERCISE NO 2
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets:
1.
My brother often__________ (go) to see English films.
2.
Vegetables _____________ (come) to our town from the villages nearby.
3.
He always ___________ (take) his coffee without sugar.
4.
Ice ___________ (melt) above to our town from the villages nearby.
5.
The Ganga __________ (rise) in the Himalayas and _________ (flow)
into the Bay of Bengal.
6.
Our School ___________ (begin) with prayer every day.
7.
A brave man __________ (not lose) heart.
8.
She hardly ever _________ (play) on her veena these days.
9.
A gentleman ___________ (not laugh) at others.
10.
Madhu __________ (keep) awake till midnight these days.
11.
Lions __________ (not live) on fruit and vegetables.
12.
What __________ (make) the moon go round the earth?
13.
Irregular work _________ (not bring) success.
14
This parcel ________ (contain) a gift for you.
15.
My friends often _____________ (send) me presents.
Hints
1. goes 2. come 3. takes 4. melts 5. rises, flows 6. begins 7,. Doesnt lose 8. plays
9. doesnt laugh keeps 11. dont live 12. makes 13. doesnt bring 14. contains 15.
send.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Q 2.05 The Present Continuous is used
(1)
To express an action going on at the time of speaking; as,
He is writing a letter.
The boys are playing hockey.
(2)
To express some habit or custom; as,
She is working regularly these days.
He is always telling lies.
(3)
To indicate an action that is planned to take place in the near future; as,
I am going to Mumbai tomorrow.
She is coming here in the evening.
(4)
To describe a temporary action which may not be actually going on at the
time of speaking; as,
I am playing cricket these days.
We are learning French at school.
EXERCISE 4
Use the correct form of the Verb given in brackets:
(Present Simple or Present Progressive)
1.
He ____________ (know) several persons here.
2.
Leela ____________ (do) her homework. Dont disturb her.
3.
I __________ (believe) what you say.
4.
Run fat ! The Train ___________ (whistle)
5.
He _________ (resemble) his father.
6.
Look ! Smoke ___________ (come) out of that window.
7.
He _____________ (want) to buy a scooter.
8.
The Principal ___________ (speak) to the teachers. You cant meet him at
this time
9.
This house __________ (belong) to my uncle. He __________ (build)
10.
another house also.
11.
They ___________ (build) a bridge across the river.
12.
I ________ (have) a new radio-set.
13.
He __________ (seem) to be sick.
14.
The commission ___________ (prepare) its report.
15.
He ____________ (still sleep) in his room.
Hints
1. knows 2. is doing 3. believe 4. is whistling 5. resembles 6. is coming 7. wants
8. is speaking 9. belongs, is building 10. is happening, see 11. are building 12.
have 13. seems 14. is preparing 15. is still sleeping
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with correct Tense form Tense form of the verb given in brackets:
(Past Simple or Present Perfect)
1.
He ___________ (be) a teacher since 1984.
2.
I dont know him because I ___________ (never meet) him.
3.
I _________ (come) to this town in 1980.
4.
Two convicts ___________ (escape) from prison last night.
5.
He ___________ (already entertain) the guests for two hours.
6.
He ___________ (get) a new car now.
7.
He ___________ (buy) it last month.
8.
I __________ (already see) this film.
9.
I ___________ (see) it in Mumbai last month.
10.
Your officer will be angry with you because you ____________ (not
work) properly.
11.
He ____________ (tour) India for a month last year.
12.
No he ___________ (write) a book about it.
13.
Here is your note-book. I ___________ (correct) it.
14.
He _________ (leave) his house some days ago.
15.
He ___________ (not come) back yet.
Hints
1. has been 2. have never met 3. came 4. escaped 5. has already entertained 6. has
got 7. bought 8. have already seen 9. saw 10. have not worked 11. has written 13.
have corrected 14. left 15. has not come
EXERCISE 9
Fill in the blanks with the correct Tense form of the verb given in brackets:
1.
Last Saturday I _____________ (stay) at home.
2.
Who ______________ (play) the hero in that film?
3.
She was sick; so she __________ (not come) to party.
4.
We ___________ (eat) dinner at ten last night.
5.
She _________ (walk) to college yesterday morning.
6.
He often _________ (write) to his daughter when she ________ (be) away
to England.
7.
Radha ____________ (buy) a new saree last month.
8.
You __________ (send) for your friend? He has come.
9.
He _________ (not go) to his office on Saturday. He had fever.
10.
We __________ (drink) coffee for breakfast yesterday.
11.
It __________ (not rain) heavily last summer.
12.
The Sun _______ (rise) yesterday at five o/clock.
13.
The brave Rajput women _______ (prefer) death to dishonour.
14.
I _________ (have) work and __________ (not go) out to lunch.
15.
When he was unmarried, he often _________ (arrive) home late and his
father _________ (be) angry with him.
Hints
1. stayed 2. played 3. did not come 4. ale 5. walked 6. wrote, was 7. bought 8. Did
you send. 9. did not go 10. drank 11. did not rain 12. rose 13. preferred 14. had,
did not go 15. arrived, was.
EXERCISE 11
Fill in the blanks with correct Tense form (Past Simple or Past Progressive) of the verbs
given in brackets:
Note: (1)
For an action begun and continuing in past time, use the Past Continuous.
(2)
For an action completed in the past, use the Past Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Fill in the blanks with the right Tense form (Past Simple or Past Perfect) of the verbs
given in brackets:
Note: In order to express two related action completed in the past
(1)
The past Perfect (had + V3) is used for the action that took place first.
(2)
The Past Simple (V2) is used for the action that took place later.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Hints
1. had written 2. had reached 3. had won 4. understood 5. brought 6. had finished
7. had reached 8. had not put 9. had had 10. had typed 11. closed 12. had died 13.
had gone 14. had not seen 15. did not recognize.
EXERCISE NO 16
Fill in the blanks with correct Tense form of the verbs given in brackets:
(Use Present Simple, Past Simple or Future Simple.)
1.
This February. Then the next month _________ (be) March.
2.
He always _________ (find) fault with others.
3.
It ___________ (happen) in the year 1924.
4.
I __________ (leave) for Kolkata day after tomorrow.
5.
He __________ (come) to see you but you were not at home.
6.
My birthday __________ (fall) on a Sunday last year.
7.
My birthday ___________ (fall) on a Sunday next year.
8.
A stitch in time __________ (save) none.
9.
God _____________ (help) those who help themselves.
10.
It ___________ (rain) last night.
11
I think it __________ (rain) tomorrow.
12.
It __________ (not behave) good boys to tell lies.
13.
They ________ (get) married on the coming Tuesday.
14.
I am going to Mumbai and __________ (stay) there for a week.
15.
The war __________ (end) three months ago.
Hints.
1. will be 2. finds 3. happened 4. shall leave 5. came 6. fell 7. will fail 8. saves 9.
helps 10. rained 11. will rain 12. does not behove 13. will get 14. will stay 15.
ended.
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS
2.15
EXERCISE 17
Fill in the blanks with correct Tense form (Future Simple or Future Progressive) of the
verbs given in brackets:
1.
I ______________ (reach) there at five oclock.
2.
We ___________ (wait) for you when you come back.
3.
He ____________ (lie) in bed when you go to his room.
4.
I ___________ (finish) this work by tomorrow evening.
5.
He ___________ (live) in London at this time next year.
6.
The sky is dark. I think it __________rain.
7.
It __________ (rain) by the time you get ready to leave.
8.
The Principal ___________ (talk) to the students about this problem.
9.
I ___________ (see) what I can do for you.
10.
Dont come next week, I _____________ (prepare) for my examination.
11.
You ___________ (please return) my money just now?
12.
He ___________ (pass) through a forest at this time.
13
They __________ (live) in their new hose by next year.
14.
When you come, I __________ (sit) in the school library.
15.
Bill always has to work on Sundays: so he will say, I__________ (work)
as usual.
Hints
1. shall reach 2. shall be waiting 3. will be lying 4. will finish 5. will be living 6.
will rain 7. will be raining 8. will talk 9. shall see 10. shall be preparing 11. Will
you please return.12. will be passing 13. will be living 14. will be sitting
15. shall be working.
2.17
Fill in the blanks with the correct Tense form of the verbs given in brackets:
(Present Perfect, Past Perfect or Future Perfect)
1.
I ___________ (finish) my work just now.
2.
I ___________ (finish) my work before he came.
3.
I ___________ (finish) my work by the time you come back in the
evening.
4.
The train _________ (come). Try to find a seat for me.
5.
The train _________ (come).. when I reached the station.
6.
The train _________ (come) before you reach the station.
7.
I ___________ (read) the book which you gave me.
8.
I ____________ (already read) the book which you gave me.
9.
I ____________ (read) the whole book before you come back.
10.
11.
12.
14.
15.
We ___________ (do) all these exercises by the time the teacher comes.
They __________ (not yet return) from the market.
The clock __________ (just strike) twelve.
He _________ (eat) all the food by the time we return.
She ___________ (discuss) the matter with her parents by next Tuesday.
Hints
1. have finished.2. had finished 3. will have finished 4. has come 5. had come 6.
will have come 7. have read 8. had already ready 9. will have read 10. will have
done 11. have not yet returned 12. has just struck 13. will have written 14. will
have eaten 15. will have discussed.
EXERCISE 13
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words given in brackets:
1.
The Sun comes up in the east and (go) down in the west.
When the sum . (rise), it is morning. When the sun..
(set), it is evening.
When does the sun shine? The sun. (shine) during the day. The
moon and the starts (shine) during the night.
Does the sun rise in the east or in the west ? It .. (rise) in the
east. Where does the sun set? It. (set) in the west.
In winter the sun.. (rise) at about seven oclock and
(set) at about five oclock. In summer the sun . (rise) at about
five oclock and .(set) at about seven oclock.
2
3.
When Rita wants to make tea, she(go) into the kitchen and
.. (take) the kettle to the water tap. She.............. (take) the lid
off the kettle,.............. (hold) the kettle under the tap, .. (turn)
the water on, and (fill) the kettle. Then she .. (turn)
the water off, . (put) the lid back on the kettle, and ..
(put) the kettle on the gas stove.
Next, Rita wants to make tea, she (strike) a match and
............. (light) the gas. As soon as the water .. (boil), she
(empty) this water out and then (put) some
tea-leaves in the pot. Then she .. (fill) the teapot with boiling
water. In two or three minutes the tea is ready to pour out.
4.
5.
Mrs. Soni gets up at half past six every morning and .. (go) to
the bathroom. She . (wish), (clean) her teeth and
. (comb) her hair.
Then she (prepare) breakfast for her husband. Her husband
. (go) to work and after that she (wake) Ashok
and Pinkie up. Pinkie is only three years old. Mrs. Soni .. (wash)
And . (dress) Pinkie. She (cook) breakfast of the
children and then she (wash) the dishes. She (do)
all her housework. After that she . (go) for shopping. She
. (take) Pinkie with her.
The Sun shines during the day. It . (not shine) at night. The moon
and the stars.. (shine) at night. They (not shine) during
the day.
Sometimes there are clouds in the sky. Then the sun . (not
shine). It .. (go) behind the clouds,. The stars also ..
(not twinkle) when there are clouds. The clouds . (cover) the
moon and the stars.
The moon . (revolve) round the earth. The earth .. (not
revolve) round the moon. It .. (revolve) round the sun. The sun
(not revolve) round the earth. Other planets like Mars and
Venus also . (revolve) round the Sun.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Very few people were coming to eat at the Taj Mahal Restaurant, and its
owner . (not know) what to do. The food in his restaurant was
cheap and good, but nobody.. (seem) to want to eat there.
Then he .. (do) something that . (change) all that. In a
few weeks his restaurant was full of men with their lady friends.
Whenever a gentleman (come) in with a lady, a smiling
waiter . (give) each of them a beautiful menu. The
menu.. (look) exactly the same on the outside, but there was an
important difference inside. The menu that the waiter. (give) to
the man (tell) the correct price for each a much higher price ! So
when the man calmly.. (order) dish after dish the lady .
(think) he was much more generous than he really was.
12.
13.
When Lalita wants to make tea, she will go into the kitchen and .
(take) the kettle to the water tap. She. (take) the lid off the kettle,
.. (hold) the kettle under the tap, .. (turn) the water
on and .. (fill) the kettle. Then she .(turn) the water off,
(put) the lid back on the kettle, and . (put) the
kettle on the gas-stove.
Next, Lalita .. (turn) the gas on. She (strike) a
match, and . (light) the gas. As soon as the water .
(boil), she (pour) some of it into the tea-pot to warm it.
She. (empty) this water out and then (put) some tea
leaves in the pot. Then she. (fill) the pot with boiling water. In
two or three minutes the tea. (be) ready to pour out.
14.
A dog . (be) the only animal that .. (not have) to work for
a living. A hen (have) to lay eggs and a cow (have) to
give milk. But a dog .. (make) its living by giving you nothing but
love.
15.
16
17.
Phool Sing was cutting a branch off a tree in his field. While he .
(saw) it, a man .. (pass) by the field. He stopped and said,
Excuse me, but if you continue to saw that branch like that, you.
(fall) down with it. He said this because Phool Singh. . (sit) on
the branch and .. (cut) it at a place between himself and the trunk
of the tree.
Phool Sing said nothing. He thought: This is a foolish person who
(have) no work to do. He .. (go) about telling other
people what not to do.
The man . (continue) on his way.
Of course, after a few minutes, the branch fell and Phool Singh fell down
with it.
My God ! he cried. That man knows the future, And he ran after the
man to ask him how long he .. (go) to live. But the man ..
(go).
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Once there was king. He .. (know) for his benevolence. Every day
he (feed) the hungry and .(give) clothes to the poor
before he .. (take) his food He (do) so for many years.
He .. (love) by his subjects.
Hints.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
goes; rises; sets; shines; shine; rises; sets; rises; sets; sets;
comes; gets; gets; turn; gets; turn; push; go; turn; push; want; switch; turn;
switch; turn; switch;
goes; takes; takes; holds; turn; fills; turns; puts; puts; turns; strikes; lights;
boils; empties; puts; fills.
takes; puts; pushes; is moving; raises; puts; pushes; lowers;
goes; washes; cleans; combs; prepares; goes; wakes; washes; dress; cooks;
washes; does; goes; takes;
does not shine; shine; do not shine; does not shine; goes; do not twinkle;
cover; revolves; does not revolve; revolves; does not revolve; revolve.
had; saw; thought; opened; fell; lost.
woke; was; begged; gave; fell; couldnt heard; went; bit; got.
bought; sold; paid; knew; gave; read; kept; took;
stole; knew; decide; wrote; handed; read; tone; fell; sank; left.
did not know; seemed; did; changed; came ; gave; looked; gave; told;
gave; told; ordered; thought.
had; did not seem; took; examined; asked; put; gave; looked; said; has;
smiled.
take; will take; hold; turn; fill; will turn; up put; put; will turn; will strike;
light; boils; will pour; will empty; put; will fill; will be.
is; doesnt have; has; has; makes.
was; bought; called; loved; could; saw; heard; would run.
have just received; says; is going; will live; will join; will pay; will return;
think; wont be; will bring.
was swing; passed; will fall; was sitting; cutting; has; goes (is going);
continued; was going; had gone
joined; were guiding; met; had appeared; was; could; cried; has appeared.
are; face; cuts; hurts; wounds; fill; overwhelm; are; do not like; know;
extract; contains; below.
remarked; teach; will never learn; learn; desire; have studied; will forget;
is used.
was; wanted; was; appeared; announced; had been cancelled.
ran; was crossing; was injured; was rushed; caught; handed.
had already started; reached; were; decided; proved; were drawn.
was known; fed; gave; took; did; was loved.
STRUCTURES IN THE PRESENT TENSE
Affirmative Sentences
I read my book.
He loves his school
You help the poor.
They love their country.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Rule 1 -
Affirmative Sentences I, We You, They and Plural noun use Verb first form.
He, She, It and Singular noun use Verb first Form in s, es or ies.
[See (i)]
Rule 2 -
Negative Sentences I, We, You , They and Plural noun use Verb first form
before do not .
He, She, It and Singular noun use Verb first Form in before does not.
[See (ii)]
Rule 3 -
Rule 4 -
(i)
[See (iv)]
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Rule 1 -
Affirmative sentences I, with Am and You, They, We and Plural Noun use are.
He, She, It and Singular Noun use is and Verb first form with ing.
[See (i)]
Rule 2 -
Rule 3 -
Rule 4 -
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
Affirmative sentences I, with Am and You, They, We and Plural Noun use
have Verb third form.
He, She, It and Singular Noun use has and Verb third form with ing.
[See (i)]
Rule 2 -
Rule 3 -
Rule 4 -
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Interrogative Sentences: Negative Have I not been working for four hours?
Has he not been sleeping since 6Oclock?
Why have you not been reading since the morning?
Rules
Rule 1 -
Perfect Continuous Tense starting time of point to use Since for example
Since July; Since 4 Oclock; Since Monday; Since 1964 etc.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
(Starting point of time) use for, for example For five hours, For fifteen
years.
Rule 2 -
Affirmative sentences I, We, You, They and Plural noun with Have been
use.
He, She, It and Singular noun with use Has been and Verb First Form with
ing.
[See (i)]
Rule 3 -
Rule 4 -
Rule 5 -
[See (ii)]
[See (iv)]
PAST TENSE
Read the following sentences carefully
(I)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(iii)
(iv)
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
3. PASTPERFECT TENSE
(i)
(ii)
Negative Sentences I did not take my dinner after the sun had set.
He had not gone before you reached there.
The patient had not died before the doctor reached.
(iii)
Interrogative Sentence: Affirmative Did I take my dinner after the sun had set?
Had he gone before you reached there?
Had he gone before you reached there?
Why had you gone before the came?
(iv)
Interrogative Sentences: Negative Had I not taken my dinner before the sun set?
Had he not gone before you reached there?
Had the patient not died before the doctor reached?
Why had you not gone before he came?
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Interrogative Sentences: Negative Had I not been working for four hours?
Had he not been sleeping since 6 Oclock?
Had we not been living in Delhi since 1980?
Why had you not been reading since the morning?
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
FUTURE TENSE
Read the following sentence carefully
1. FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
Negative Sentence I shall not have been reading for four hours.
He will not have been living in Delhi since 1980.
You will not have been waiting for him for two hours.
(iii)
Interrogative Sentences: Affirmative Shall I have been reading for four hours?
Will he have been living in Delhi since 1980?
Why will he have been waking for four hours?
(iv)
Interrogative Sentence: Negative Shall I not been reading for four hours?
Will he not have been living in Delhi since 1980?
Why will he not have been waiting for us since the morning?
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
Verb go
AFFIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Revision Exercise 1.
Correct the following sentences:
1.
I had been married in 1990.
2.
She finished her work when I met her.
3.
They had gone to Calcutta last night.
4.
Who had invented the gramophone?
5.
The fair had been over ten days ago.
INTERROGATIVE
NEGATIVE
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Hints (1) was married; (2) had finished; (3) went to Calcutta; (4) invented; (5)
was over; (6) came to my room; (7) was passing; (8) had been ill; (9) ceased yesterday;
(10) wrote my application; (11) was caged; (12) understand; (13) have lived; (14) came;
(15) will be held/are going to be held.
Exercise 2
Choose the correct verb form from those given in brackets:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Hints (1) has; (2) moves; (3) saw; (4) comes; (5) were playing (6) go; (7) had
fallen; (8) met; (9) has been living; (10) had done; (11) will be; (12) have
been working 1(13) wants; (14) starts; (15) went.