Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DOI 10.1007/s13296-016-3004-1
ISSN 1598-2351 (Print)
ISSN 2093-6311 (Online)
www.springer.com/journal/13296
Abstract
This paper describes a computationally designed process to determine the Ultimate Shear Resistance (USR) of composite
steel-aluminium beams subjected to shear load. Aluminium alloys are used in a variety of structural engineering applications
due to their high strength/weight ratio and durability. However, the strength of aluminium alloys is reduced near the weld due
to the heat of the welding process. The USR of several different cross-sectional shapes of composite beams were initially
computed using a proposed design equation. A consistent nonlinear 3-D finite element model using the ANSYS software
package was used to fulfil the performance criteria. The value of the USR obtained from the proposed design equation was
compared with the corresponding ultimate shear stress in the web panel obtained from the F.E. model. The outcome of the
proposed equation encouraged its use as a new design equation. This equation could accurately predict the USR.
Keywords: shear resistance, composite steel-aluminium, hoglund theory, beam
1. Introduction
Aluminium alloys can be used in different structural
engineering applications due to their high strength/weight
ratio and durability. These characteristics are of particular
significance in the design of lightweight and transportable
bridges, for which the ease and speed of construction, low
maintenance and long service life are important considerations.
Fabricated beams are normally designed to support vertical
loads over long spans, where high bending moments and
shearing forces are developed. In this paper, a new composite
built up section will be designed from aluminium web
and steel flanges.
The benefits of creating such a composite section are to
decrease the weight and cost of beams more and increase
the participation of aluminium alloys in structural applications.
Because the primary function of the flanges is to resist
axial compressive and tensile forces that arise from
bending action while the web resists the shear forces, this
paper will focus on the ultimate shear resistance that can
be carried by this type of section. The use of this type of
Received December 4, 2014; accepted November 27, 2015;
published online March 31, 2016
KSSC and Springer 2016
*Corresponding author
Tel: +201005054600, Fax: +20965210223
E-mail: zshamary@gmail.com
42
(1)
(2)
2
b
K = 5.35 d
--- + 4 , for --- < 1
b
d
(3)
Ultimate Shear Strength of Composite Welded Steel-Aluminium Beam Subjected to Shear Load
0.48
w < ---------
0.48
---------w
0.48
---------w
w 0.95
0.48
---------w
(4)
1
1
1 --------4- ---------------24w 2 3w
(5)
(6)
(8)
(9)
(10)
yw
for =45o where fv = ------3
43
(7)
4.4 bf tf yf
------------------------------c = 0.08 +
b
2
tw d yw
(11)
1.6 bf tf yf
c = 0.25 + ------------------------------ b
2
tw d yw
(12)
44
Ultimate Shear Strength of Composite Welded Steel-Aluminium Beam Subjected to Shear Load
45
Figure 6. Heat treatment effect on Youngs modulus of aluminum alloy (Amdahl et al., 2001).
46
(13)
(14)
1.6 bf tf yf
and c = 0.25 + ------------------------------b.
tw d yw
A comparative numerical analysis was carried out to
test the validity and assess the accuracy of the suggested
equation in this study. The ultimate shear resistance of
composite aluminium-steel beams of various cross-sectional
areas is obtained by applying the proposed equation. The
dimensions and properties of the web with 270 MPa yield
stress and 70,000 MPa modulus of elasticity are listed in
Table 2. The dimensions and properties of the flanges
were bf =300 mm, tf =8 mm, yf =360 MPa, E=2105 MPa.
To verify the results obtained from the proposed formula,
a consistent nonlinear 3-D finite element approach adopted
using the ANSYS package. The finite element model
executed for each beam using the dimensions and properties
stated in Table 2 was subjected to the ultimate shear load
obtained from the formula. Figure 8(a)-8(b), show the
buckling mode of a model with b/d =1.5 at the end of the
analysis. By applying a shear load equal the value obtained
Figure 8. Finite element model and buckling shape of beam under studying.
47
Ultimate Shear Strength of Composite Welded Steel-Aluminium Beam Subjected to Shear Load
WEB
Beam
reference/
Figure
Total shear
load
achieved
(kN)
F.E.M.
141.7
220.5
263.6
308.6
138.86
218.5
261
307.1
151.7
155.1
155.8
155.7
97
99
100
100
0.13
1.25
132.6
208.2
249.7
293.2
130
203
247.21
290.27
154.8
155.1
155.4
155.8
99
99
100
100
0.13
1.5
127
200.6
241.1
283.7
123.2
196.59
238.69
279.45
155.1
155.2
155.8
155.6
99
99
100
100
0.135
120.6
118.6
192
d
mm
b
mm
tw
mm
G1
Fig. 9
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
3
4
4.5
5
G2
Fig. 10
600
600
600
600
750
750
750
750
3
4
4.5
5
G3
Fig. 11
600
600
600
600
900
900
900
900
3
4
4.5
5
600
1200
600
1200
G4
Fig. 12
VU kN
proposed
equation
Aspect
Ratio
yw
fv = ------3
154.4
100
Global Buckling at 40%
from applied load
48
Ultimate Shear Strength of Composite Welded Steel-Aluminium Beam Subjected to Shear Load
49
Nomenclature
b : Width of web panel
bf : Flange width
c : Distance between flange plastic hinges
d : Depth of web panel
E : Modulus of elasticity
fv : Critical shear stress
k : Buckling coefficient
tw : Web thickness
tf : Flange thickness
Vcr : Critical shear force
Vf : Flange shear force
Vu : Ultimate shear force of composite aluminium steel
beam
Vw : Web shear force
v : Shear buckling reduction factor
: Angle of principle membrane stresses inclination
1 : First principle membrane stress
uw : Web ultimate stress
yf : Flange yield stress
yw : Web yield stress
: Initial imperfection and plastic buckling effect
factor
: Shear stress
cr : Critical shear stress
u : Ultimate shear stress
yw : Shear stress at yield
: Poissons ratio
w : Slenderness parameter
References
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50