A

Offshore Group Design Project
CEE 4103 Offshore Group

Design Project
Transportation and Installation
Prof. Allan R. Magee
Agenda
Introduction
Overview of Construction, Transportation, Installation
Basic Risk Analysis
Barge Selection
Basic Hydrostatic Stability
Water Depth Records

Bullwinkle Fixed-base Rigid Platform
Water Depth = 412m
Shell, 1989
Perdido Floating Spar Platform

Water Depth = 2315m
Shell, 2008
<20,000 tons of structural steel

77,000 tons of structural steel
5
Field Vs. Project Life Cycles
Acquire
Discover
Appraise
Develop
Operate
Divest
Field Life Cycle
Field Development Planning

Final
Investment
Decision
Evaluate
Concepts
Select
Define
Pre - FEED
Execute
Project Life Cycle
FEED
Design
Basis
Operate
Basic
Design
Appraisal / Development Project Phases
Concept Definition
FEED
Detail Engineering (Design and Build = EPC)
Installation
Hook-up and Commissioning
Fixed Platform Functions
23
Process platform
Drilling platform
Production platform
Living quarters platform
Flare platform
Well-head platform
Riser platform
Pipeline management platform (pigging)
Platforms can be connected by bridges to form a complex
Copyright Technip and others.
Topsides Weight (Tons)
Water Depth(m)
Project Management
Cost and Schedule
Weight Control
Risk Management
Quality Assurance
Courtesy of Technip
Jacket Principles - Fabrication
11
Transportation and Installation
Loadout
Loadout
References
https://youtu.be/6_AWnoPYjNg
http://bentley.ultramarine.com/hdesk/document/workbook.pdf
http://bentley.ultramarine.com/hdesk/runs/samples/install/loadout.htm
http://www.fgg.uni-lj.si/~/pmoze/ESDEP/master/wg15a/l0100.htm
(General Introduction. Especially Section 7 onwards. Also)
http://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/media/cms_page_media/4198/NS82beamdiagrams.pdf
Tapis 22,000 ton Topsides

8 April 2014
http://www.offshoreenergytoda
y.com/boskalis-confirms-blackmarlin-tilted-in-malaysian-yard/
Barge Selection
Barge Selection Criteria

Most economical for the job
Possess sufficient margins
Several sister vessels available
Location
Sufficient Buoyancy
Stability
Acceptable Motions
Structural Strength
Classification
Flag
Vessel Database (Bentley website)
Typical Launch Barge Crowley 400L

http://www.crowley.com/content/download/9884/67513/
version/6/file/400L_.pdf
Heavy Transport Vessels
Vessel Websites
http://www.offshorevessels.net
PrivatewebsitedevotedtoDerrickBarges
http://www.jraymcdermott.com/
Barges,DerrickBarges,Pipelay
http://www.heerema.com/
Barges,DerrickBargesandDockwiseHLVs
http://www.saipem.it/
DerrickBarges,PipelayVessels
http://www.stoltoffshore.com/
DerrickBarges,PipelayVessels
http://www.nmamaritime.com/
HLVs
http://www.coltoncompany.com/
USFlagBarges,DrillingRigs,Shipyards,etc.
http://www.texbrick.com/offshore/
CraneVessels
Barge Loading
Weights act downwards
Self Weight
Skidbeams
Skid shoes
Jacket
Equipment
Ballast water
Net Load = Buoyancy - Weight
Overall Equilibrium:
1. Weight = Buoyancy
2. Center of Gravity is inline
with Center of Buoyancy
Buoyancy acts upwards

Treat vessel like a beam
Load distribution creates shear force and bending
moments. Check Barge strength OK.
Simplified Loadout Calculations

http://www.academia.edu/938774/Ballast_plan_optimization_in_loadout_operations_with_consideration_of_barge_flexibility
Simplified Beam Model

http://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/media/cms_page_media/41
98/NS8-2beamdiagrams.pdf
Barge Structural Strength

(Detail Design)
Stability
Stability is the ability of a platform to return to its static
equilibrium position if disturbed.
Lack of stability can lead to capsizing and loss of vessel.
Stability depends on both hydrostatic and dynamic properties.
When transporting a large jacket by barge, stability against
capsizing is a primary design consideration because of the
high centre of gravity of the jacket.
26
John Halkyard & Associates
Transportation Analysis
Transportation forces from the motions of the tow, i.e.
the structure and supporting barge.
Load determined from the design winds, waves and
currents.
Use linear frequency-domain software like WAMIT
But roll is non-linear
Time-domain simulation like MOSES
Loads are typically inertially dominated
Inertial loads may be computed from a rigid body
analysis.
Note: Severe weather cases during transport may require
analysis of structural deflections of both barge and jacket.
Loads for Transportation Analysis

Appropriate loading conditions
will be developed or use in
design checks.
Appropriate metocean
conditions for the region and
season to be applied
Weather routing and sheltering
can be considered
Transportation Analysis
For open sea conditions, the following may
be considered as typical design values:
Single - amplitude roll:
20
Single - amplitude pitch: 10

Period of roll or pitch:
10 second
Heave acceleration:
0,2 g
Jacket Launch Not for Our Project

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKcG4KKUdH0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EewtDT7xQ9M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVNJumteHcs
Jacket Launching
Cut sea fastenings
Ballast Barge (trim)
Jacket slides
Tipping point
Barge moves away
Jacket tips and floats
(Hopefully)
Load Conditions
a. Jacket slides along the skid beams
b. Jacket rotates on the rocker arms
c. Jacket rotates and slides simultaneously
d. Jacket detaches completely and comes to its floating
equilibrium position
e. Jacket is upended by a combination of controlled
flooding and simultaneous lifting by a derrick barge.
Loads include: static and dynamic loads as well as

wind, waves and currents expected during the operation.
Pile Driving
37
Jacket Principles Pile Installation
34
Courtesy of Technip
Topsides Installation
Heavy Lift Vessel

39
Floatover with Catamaran Barges
Jacket Principles Topside Installation

Deck installation onto jacket
Relation between size and weight of DECK
and the method of fabrication and installation
Weight less than 2000 Tons

Several crane barges able to lift the module, so
the deck can be fabricated as one module
36

Weight between 2000 T and 3500 T
Some crane barges in the world able to lift
(in single lift)
multi lift of deck
Problem of hook up and commissioning offshore
Courtesy of Technip

Weight between 3500 T and 10000 T
Only 2 crane barges in the world
Day rate expensive
Availability limited
Can be performed by multi lift of deck onto

module support frame
problem of hook up and commissioning on site
Weight > 10000 T?
38
Courtesy of Technip
37
Jacket & Topside Float-over

Float-over philosophy:
transport topside by a barge or ship to the site
Install topside without using a crane barge
The float-over method enables :

Elimination of expensive DLB
Heavy topside installation as a single unit (beyond derrick barge capacities)
Topside fully commissioned and tested onshore (minimized offshore hook-up)
installation in shallow water not accessible to heavy lift derrick barges
Float over by ballasting
Float Over by jacking (Unideck)
39
Jacket Design: Lift vs Floatover
Risk Management of
Offshore Developments
What is the No 1 Risk on a Project?
History Brings Hard Lessons Learned

HSE (health, safety & environment) is the offshore energy
industrys Credo
Offshore energy industry grew literally from scratch since 1947
Preceding offshore industries were fishing, commerce and war
Work practices guided by regulatory and industry codes

Which have evolved with experience
1965
Betsy
1969
1975
1976
1981
EKOFISK
Platform Riser
Fire
API RP 2
First
Recommend
Practices for
offshore
structures
1988
Piper Alpha
Fire
NPD Safety NPD Safety

Regulations
Guide
1990
2005
2007
Katrina & Rita
Cullen Report
API 2 Bull
Int-Met
2010
2011
Macondo
Blowout
BOEMRE Report
43
Stochastic Nature Of Oil & Gas Reservoirs
P90 P50
P10
Ability To Influence Value Of Projects

Influence Curve
Relative Value Added
10
8
6
4
2
0
Field Life Cycle
HSE Performance Timeline

Project Definition
HSE Performance
Concept
FEED
ConceptSelect
Gate
DE & P
Com
Ops
DCom
SafetyCase
AndEIAGate
COST!!!!
GoodDefinition
Project Execution
GoodExecution
PoorExecution
GoodExecution
PoorExecution
PoorDefinition
PTNG-PFE-SLD-Master-ENG-Rev06
46
Exercise
Bay of Nowhere
Fire Ext.
Fuel
Pump
Fenders
Barge
Quayside
Flat bed
Truck
Mooring
Lines
(Plan View)
Inherently Safer Design Principles

- Hierarchy of Controls
EFFECTIVENESS OF
CONTROL
Eliminate
Substitute
Isolate
Engineer
Administrative
PPE
48
Risk Assessment Matrix
Major Accident Events
As Part of Your Project

How to apply principles of risk management to your
design project?
List the three most severe potential hazards
Estimate Probability/ Consequences for each using
Risk Matrix
Propose mitigations (at least one mitigation of each
type for each hazard)
Low-level (Administrative, PPE)
High-Level (Engineer, substitute, eliminate)
Identify effectiveness and limitations of each mitigation
Research Question: What is an ALARP design?
49
Basic Hydrostatic
Stability
What is Hydrostatics?
How does a ship respond statically in calm
water?
Sink or float ?
Incline or level?
The science of hydrostatics is basic to
selecting platform dimensions!
52
All basic text books on

Naval Architecture will
cover hydrostatics.
Displacement,
Metric Units: tonnes (1000 kg = 1 T) is the mass of
displaced water.
Mass (tonnes)
Force (newtons)
= 1.025 tonnes/m3
g= 9.81 m/sec2
= displacement m3
53
Geometric Coefficients
Block Coefficient = CB =
LPP
54
Images Rawson and Tupper
Displacement
T
L
LBT
= wLBT
LBTC B = wLBTCB
L = Length
B = Beam (width)
T = Draft
CB = Block coefficient
= Displacement (Volume)
= Displacement (Buoyancy Force)
w = g
55
First Rule of Hydrostatics:

Archimedes Principle
The buoyancy of an object is equal to the weight of
displaced fluid
56
Buoyancy Force
Static Pressure
B
P=gz
F = P*A = [gT]*BL = g*TBL =

g*(Volume)
57
What is Stability?
Stability is the ability of a platform to return to its static
equilibrium position if disturbed.
Lack of stability can lead to capsizing and loss of
vessel.
Stability depends on both hydrostatic and dynamic
properties.
58
Transverse Stability
Stability = Tendency to return to a
previous condition when perturbed!
W
W
Case 1: Positively stable
Case 2: Negatively stable or unstable
59
The metacenter is the point of intersection between the action of the

buoyant force and the centerline of the vessel.
W
W1
Lost
Buoyanc
y
L1
G
B
z
B1
60
Gained
Buoyanc
y
Metacentric Height (GM) is the distance from the

center of gravity to the metacenter.
GM is the
metacentric height
and must be positive!
W
M
W1
L1
G
B1
K
keel point
G
point of action of weight, i.e. center of gravity
B
point of action of buoyancy, i.e. center of buoyancy; The position of B
heel (B to B1)
M
Point of intersection of line of buoyancy and centerline, i.e. Metacenter
GM
Distance between G and M, i.e. metacentric height.
KB Distance from Keel Point to B
61
KGDistance from Keel Point to G
shifts with the amount of
How to Calculate GM
W
BM
M
W1
L1
KB
B1
KG
GM is not directly calculable, and it is not only a property of the geometry
(it depends on the center of gravity). BM is a property of the geometry only,
and can be calculated directly if the geometry and draft are known.
62
Computing BM
BM is a function of the waterplane
inertia (moment of square of the distance
from the axis)
I xx LB 3 / 12 B 2
BM
LBT
12T
Different B
Can you explain why this formula

works?
63
Metacentric Height (GM) and

Restoring Moment
This formula is only for small angles
= GZ*B ~ GM*B* sin()

GZ is the righting arm
W
W1
G
B
z
B1
L1
GM is the distance from the CB to M. GZ is the righting moment

arm which for small angles is GM times the angle (in radians).
64
Typical Minimum GM Values

Passenger and Cargo Ships
Initial GM>0.15 m by law
Typically 0.5 3 m
Semi-Submersibles GM > 3 m typical
Spars GM > 6 m typical
Barge Transportation See USCG Requirements below
65
Review Questions
How do you determine the buoyancy? Center of
Buoyancy?
What is the hydrostatic stiffness in heave?
What is the metacenter?
What is the metacentric height (GM)?
How is stability related to GM?
What is the hydrostatic stiffness in Roll? Pitch?
66
Partially Filled Tanks Reduce GM
GM (new ) GM
67
c ixx

Intact stability rules
68
Class Rules for Stability
Free Download
webshop.dnv.com/global/downloadfile.asp?fileid=651915
ABS Downloads from www.eagle.org

//www.eagle.org/eagleExternalPortalWEB/ShowProperty/B
EA%20Repository/Rules&Guides/Archives/10_SteelBarge
s2003/RulesforBandCSteelBarges
69
Intact Stability Rules for Transportation

For Deck Cargo Barges
USCG, Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR)
L=LBP in feet (meters).

A=projected lateral area in square feet (square
meters) of the portion of the vessel and deck
cargo above the waterline.
H=the vertical distance in feet (meters) from
the center of A to the center of the underwater
lateral area or approximately to the one-half
draft point.
W=displacement in long (metric) tons.
T=either: (1) the lesser of either 14 degrees heel
or the angle of heel in degrees at which one half
the freeboard to the deck edge is immersed; or
(2) for a sailing vessel, T = the lesser of either
14 degrees or the angle of heel in degrees to the
deck edge. The deck edge is to be taken as the
intersection of the sideshell and the uppermost
continuous deck below which the sideshell is
weathertight.
70
US Coast Guard Deck Cargo Barge CFR

https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/46/174.010
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the law that
applies to vessels operating in US waters.
In practice, the criteria may be conveniently applied to
barges operating in other areas
The USCG requirements are set forth in the Code of
Federal Regulations: Title 46 (46CFR) Shipping;
Chapter I Coast Guard, Department of Transportation;
Subchapter S Subdivision and Stability; Part 170
Subpart E Weather Criterion and Part 174 Subpart B
Special Rules Pertaining to Deck Cargo Barges.
71
USCG Deck Cargo Barge CFR

https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/46/174.010
174.010 Specific applicability.
Each barge that carries cargo above the weather deck must comply with
this subpart.
174.015 Intact stability.
(a) Except as provided in 174.020, in each condition of loading and
operation, each barge must be shown by design calculations to have an
area under the righting arm curve up to the angle of maximum righting
arm, the downflooding angle, or 40 degrees, whichever angle is smallest,
equal to or greater than
(1) 15 foot-degrees (4.57 meter-degrees) for ocean and Great Lakes
winter service; and
(2) 10 foot-degrees (3.05 meter-degrees) for lakes, bays, sounds, and
Great Lakes summer service.
(b) For the purpose of this section, downflooding angle means the static
angle from the intersection of the vessel's centerline and waterline in
calm water to the first opening that does not close watertight
automatically.
72
Intact Stability Criteria

MODU Rules
(A+B)/(B+C)>1.3 for semi
73
Intact Stability in
100 kt Wind (51.5
m/sec)
Other Criteria (Proposed)

Any one compartment adjacent to the sea damaged.
50-knot wind speed.
Final waterline after damage and wind is not to exceed
the limits of watertight integrity.
Range of stability greater than 7 degrees (including
wind), righting moment at least twice wind heeling
moment
74
75

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Offshore Group Design Project

CEE 4103 Offshore Group

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Water Depth Records

Perdido Floating Spar Platform

<20,000 tons of structural steel

Offshore Group Design Project

Field Vs. Project Life Cycles

Field Life Cycle

Field Development Planning

Project Life Cycle

Offshore Group Design Project

Appraisal / Development Project Phases

Offshore Group Design Project

Fixed Platform Functions

Copyright Technip and others.

Topsides Weight (Tons)

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Jacket Principles - Fabrication

Offshore Group Design Project

Transportation and Installation

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Tapis 22,000 ton Topsides

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Barge Selection Criteria

Offshore Group Design Project

Vessel Database (Bentley website)

Offshore Group Design Project

Typical Launch Barge Crowley 400L

Offshore Group Design Project

Heavy Transport Vessels

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Net Load = Buoyancy - Weight

Buoyancy acts upwards

Offshore Group Design Project

Simplified Loadout Calculations

Offshore Group Design Project

Simplified Beam Model

Offshore Group Design Project

Barge Structural Strength

Offshore Group Design Project

John Halkyard & Associates

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Loads for Transportation Analysis

Offshore Group Design Project

Single - amplitude pitch: 10

Offshore Group Design Project

Jacket Launch Not for Our Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Offshore Group Design Project

Loads include: static and dynamic loads as well as

Offshore Group Design Project

Copyright Technip and others.

F = PA = [gT]BL = g*TBL =