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Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs

School of Biomedical Sciences


College of Medicine

Basic Medical Pathology


GMS 6111

BASIC MEDICAL PATHOLOGY


(GMS 6111)
Course Director: Patricia Kruk, Ph.D.

MDC 2040A
(813) 974-0548
(813) 974-5536
pkruk@health.usf.edu
MDC 011, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612

Course Administrator: Frances Rossi

MDC 0040
(813) 974-4465
rossi2@health.usf.edu

Course Format: This course is delivered entirely on-line using Canvas accessed through
the USF portal (my.usf.edu).

Course Objectives:

asic Medical Pathology (GMS 6111) presents a concise introduction to the basic
pathophysiologic principles that are characteristic of the diseased state. Pathology, as a
discipline, is juxtaposed between clinical medicine and the basic sciences and is crucial
to understanding the nature of important pathophysiologic mechanisms that are critical to human
health and disease and comprise part of the
foundation of modern medical practice. This
course
emphasizes
a
fundamental
understanding of the principles of pathology
and focuses on both basic pathophysiology and
important pathologic processes in specific
organ systems. The course features topics such
as cell injury and cell death, inflammation,
tissue damage and repair, neoplasia,
cardiovascular pathology, endocrine pathology,
hematopoietic pathology and the nervous
system. The course develops a broad and
thorough understanding of the principles of
human pathology and identifies the major
pathological conditions that perturb the
functioning of normal cells, tissues and organs.
All material is presented in the context of
modern medicine such that at the completion of the course, students will be able to:

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1. Communicate an understanding of tissue injury and disease processes, using appropriate


pathology terms and recognize the morphological and functional differences between
normal and injured or diseased tissue.
2. Describe, from a structural, functional and biochemical perspective, the different types of
pathological lesions and provide scenarios for how they each arise.
3. Explain the major pathological changes that occur in the various organ systems including
the heart, lungs and skin. Describe the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, the
endocrine and hematopoietic systems.
4. Identify the various tumor types that are common to the different organ systems.
5. Explain the causes of various degenerative diseases of the nervous system such as
Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease and Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis.
6. Explain neoplasm and the different modes of dysregulation of cell growth and division.
7. Illustrate the various causes of carcinogenesis, such as irradiation, chemical, viral,
inflammatory and genetic effects.
8. Explain inflammation and how it is critical to host defense against microorganisms and
parasites, identify the different patterns of inflammatory response and the various types
of autoimmune disorders.
9. Demonstrate an understanding of the different pathologies of the male and female
reproductive systems.

Course Duration and Mode of Study:


Basic Medical Pathology is designed to be completed in one semester. All the components of
the course are delivered using a fully on-line format and make extensive use of the Canvas
academic learning environment. The course has been developed using a modular format that
allows each student to complete the various sections within a given schedule. This flexible
approach results in enhanced information retention and enables students to tailor the course
delivery to match their own schedule.

Instructors Office Hours:


There are 3 modes.
1) Office meetings - by appointment
2) Email - anytime (The instructor will make
every effort to respond Monday through Friday
within 24 hours between 9 am and 5 pm)
3) Telephone

Course Meetings:
None

Location:
Web-based course located on Canvas at
http://my.usf.edu/

Course Credit Hours:


3 credit hours
Students are expected to allot a minimum of 6 hours per week.

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Course Prerequisites:
Admission to the Health Sciences concentration in the Masters in Medical Sciences program
requires that students have completed a bachelors degree or its equivalent from any accredited
college in any of the biological or chemical sciences; achieved a minimum undergraduate GPA
of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale and demonstrated qualitative and quantitative skills by the successful
completion of either MCAT and GRE standardized tests. In addition, course prerequisites for
GMS 6111 include prior successful completion of an undergraduate or graduate level course in
microscopic anatomy/histology.

Who To Contact and How:


For course content related questions - contact the instructor directly.
For problems accessing the course materials - contact the course administrator directly.
For computer related technological support & Canvas problems - (i.e., computer questions,
access to Canvas, USF email, USF portal, cannot access the course, browser issues), please
contact Academic Computing helpline at (813) 974-1222 or help@acomp.usf.edu

Course Evaluations:

There will be an online evaluation from the University distributed towards the end of the
course, which can be accessed from Oasis.
In addition, we may be asking for your feedback on the course, materials, delivery
methods, technology and research skills and technology-related issues you encounter
during the course.
An announcement will be made on the course website when these evaluations are available.

How Do I Access The Course Website?


Step 1- Obtain a USF ID card (go to step 2 if you have a USF card)
Most Distance Learning Students do not have a USF ID Card Number. To apply for a
USF Card complete the application, and send it to the USF Card Office. You can
download the application or go to the website
at http://www.auxsvc.usf.edu/form_distance_learning.asp (It takes 1-2 weeks for the
USF Card Office to process your application). NOTE: It is the students responsibility
to get the USF Card before the start of the Semester, and to use the information on the
ID card to obtain a NetID and access the course (see steps 2-3)
Step 2- Create your NetID (go to step 3 if you have a NetID)
The courses secure website is located in Canvas within the USF Web Portal
(https://my.usf.edu/). In order to access the Portal, the student must have a:
NetID
Login name
Password
In order to establish a NetID login name and password, you will need the following:
Date of Birth, Social Security Number, and USF ID Card Number (see step 1).
Step 2a:
To get your NetID, go to: https://una.acomp.usf.edu and click on
Are you a new user? Sign Up!
1. Enter the first 16 digits located on the back of your USF ID card
2. Enter your date of birth

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3. Enter your Social Security Number


4. Click on the continue button
Step 2b:
Follow the steps to change your password
Step 3: Use your NetID, password and login name to enter the course on Canvas
Open your internet connection, and at the top of the browser:
1. Type https://my.usf.edu/
2. Type your NetID (and press the Tab key)
3. Type your password
4. Press ENTER or- click the Login button
5. Click on the COURSES tab

Technology Requirements:
General Technology Requirements:
All registered students must meet the minimum technical requirements. For details visit:
http://hsccm.hsc.usf.edu/medicine/graduatestudies/Technology+Requirements.htm
Specific Course Technology Requirements:
This course may require the student to view/listen to narrated presentations, videos, and
participate in audio-conferencing. Therefore, in addition to the general technology requirements,
this course will require the following:
Adobe Acrobat:
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html
QuickTime player:
http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/index.html
Flash player:
http://www.macromedia.com/software/flashplayer/
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Word
It is the students responsibility to meet the above mentioned technical requirements before
the start of the semester he/she is registered for.

Course Format:
This course is a web-based course. Course materials and assignments will be posted on the
course website (Canvas). The course is divided into Units consisting of:
Reading Assignments:
Specific chapters in the textbook required for the course will be assigned for each unit.
The reading assignments are the primary means by which each student will acquire the
core content of the course. It is essential that students complete the reading assignments
for comprehension early in each unit.
Quizzes & Crossword Puzzles:
For each chapter in the reading assignment, quizzes and a crossword puzzle will be
posted on Canvas with which students can self-test their level of comprehension of the
reading assignment. Grades will be posted in the grade book for each quiz and crossword

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puzzle, but the quiz and crossword puzzle grades will NOT be included in the calculation
of the final course grade.
Presentations:
Presentations in narrated power point format may be included for each unit. These
presentations are intended to extend the information on a topic beyond the reading
assignment and/or to emphasize the clinical importance as related to the unit topic.

Quizzes & Crossword Puzzles:


There will be quizzes and a crossword puzzle for each of the assigned chapters of the textbook.
Each quiz will be composed of 10 questions randomly selected from a pool of questions that
pertain to the specific chapter reading assignments. All quizzes and crosswords will be delivered
through the Canvas portal. Before you can take the Unit exam you must obtain a score of 8 of 10
points on each of the Unit quizzes and 80% on each crossword puzzle. The quizzes and
crossword puzzles can be taken as many times as you wish so that you can determine your level
of understanding of the reading material. The quiz and crossword puzzle scores will NOT count
as part of your grade.

Examinations:
All examinations will be delivered through the Canvas portal using Proctorio. All examinations
are timed and there is a penalty for going overtime. There will be a total of three Unit Exams
in addition to a comprehensive Midterm Exam and comprehensive Final Exam.
Unit Exams (3):
The 3 unit exams will be comprehensive of all material covered during that unit (Units 1,
2 and 4). The day and time during which the exam will be available for each unit will be
identified in the course schedule. During the 2 hour time allotted for each Unit exam, you
will only be allowed to take each unit exam ONCE.
Comprehensive Midterm Exam:
This exam will be comprehensive of all material covered in Units 1-3 of the course. The
2 hour Midterm exam will be given at the end of Unit 3. The specific day and time during
which the Midterm exam will be available will be identified in the course schedule. You
will be able to take the Midterm exam only once.
Comprehensive Final Exam:
This exam will be comprehensive of all material covered during the course and will be
given at the end of Unit 5. The specific day and time during which the 2 hour Final exam
will be available will be identified in the course schedule. You will be able to take the
Final exam only once.

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Proctorio
No Headaches.
Proctorio runs on a modern browser (Chrome) and does not require any additional downloads or
installations. By integrating with leading learning management systems, there are no changes required
to existing courses and enabling remote proctoring is as easy as one click.
No Schedules.
Proctorio is completely proctorless, allowing students to take their exams anywhere at any time,
retaining the inherit flexibility of online courses. Students do not have to schedule their exams, pay
scheduling fees, or wait for proctors. Exams are graded in real time, so professors do not have to wait
days for video processing.
No FERPA Concerns.
Proctorio uses military grade encryption on all data, secure websocket connections, does not contract to
third parties, and never retains academic records or personally identifiable information. By
implementing an AES-128 zero-knowledge encryption scheme, the data can only be decrypted by
authorized users within the learning management system.
No Data Loss.
Proctorio quiz video is always available as evidence to help enforce academic integrity policies and
monitor overall student behavior. Proctorio securely stores video data and suspicion flags for instant
retrieval as long as the institution desires.
No Confusion.
Proctorio's software is easy to use, but if there is an issue Proctorio is happy to help. Technical support is
available 24 / 7 / 365 via chat, email, phone, and SMS. Proctorio issues support numbers for each school
and priority lines for faculty and administrators to put a representative just seconds away.
A cheat sheet on the installation and use of Proctorio is provided in the Modules folder.

If you encounter difficulties in accessing or completing an exam, such as an internet


disruption, you should send an email to the instructor or course administrator
(rossi2@health.usf.edu) or as an attachment to a message ASAP so the exam can be reset
(during the allowed exam access time). Include a computer screen shot that indicates the
error and includes the date and time of the error for verification.

Student Performance and Final Course Grade Calculation:


Your final course grade will be determined by the weighting of your percent score for Unit
Exams, Comprehensive Midterm Exam and Comprehensive Final Exam as follows.
Unit Exams:
45% - (15% for each of 3 Unit Exams)
Comprehensive Midterm Exam
25%
Comprehensive Final Exam
30%

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Final course grade will be based on a percentage performance basis for the course using the
following grading scale:
Letter Grade
Grade
Quality Points
A
92-100
4.00
A89-91
3.67
B+
87-88
3.33
B
82-86
3.00
B79-81
2.67
C+
77-78
2.33
C
72-76
2.00
C69-71
1.67
D+
67-68
1.33
D
62-66
1.00
D59-61
0.67
F
<59
0.00

"I" (Incomplete grade) Policy:


Students sometimes fail to progress in technology-centered courses because adequate
prerequisite technical skills are not possessed or because adequate time management and study
skills are not exercised. These are NOT appropriate bases for the issuance of an "Incomplete"
grade. No "I" grades will be awarded in this course without extenuating, documented
circumstances, such as death in the family or extended illness. If you should happen to arrive in
such unfortunate circumstances, be sure to provide the instructor with suitable documentation
when you approach me about the "I". Don't ask the instructor what form the documentation
should take or what is acceptable. If the instructor finds any problem with it she will let you
know. "I" requests must be made and valid documentation provided before the course is over and
grades have been issued. Your "I" will buy you one more semester in which to finish your work.
If you haven't earned a higher grade by that time, your grade will convert permanently to an "F"
and there will be no way to complete the course. If you wish at that point to continue, you will
have to start anew by re-registering (and re-paying) for the course.

Course Overview:
This graduate-level course is directed towards students who have an interest in medical sciences
or who are focused on future medically-related or allied health careers. Students interested in
pursuing a medical or health-related career require familiarity with the diverse aspects of
biomedical sciences that include the essentials of clinical pathology. Understanding the
principles that govern the structure and function of the various organ systems, the various types
of cellular damage and the defense mechanisms that operate to protect humans from a wide
variety of pathological changes are critical to modern medicine and are some of the cornerstones
of a health sciences-related education.
Basic Medical Pathology is one of a new group of graduate courses in the College of Medicine
to be developed in a distance format that will cater to students who are currently employed and
cannot accommodate the schedules of the regular didactic courses that are offered during the

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traditional College of Medicine academic schedule or are geographically distant from the
institution. This course is part of the Health Sciences concentration in the Masters Program in
Medical Sciences that provides a valuable opportunity for advanced-degree seeking students to
gain a deeper understanding of the principles of modern biomedical sciences.
The course content follows a traditional curriculum in medical pathology and focuses on the
study and characterization of disease through the morphologic and biochemical examination of
organs, tissues and body fluids. Course topics include the pathophysiological principles that
apply to all cell types, consideration of important pathologic processes in specific organ systems,
such as the heart, lungs and renal system. Additional topics include a concise overview of
clinically relevant aspects such as cellular responses to injury and cell death, inflammation,
inflammatory mediators and various immune-mediated disease, neoplasia, tissue homeostasis,
damage and repair, endocrine pathology and hematopoietic pathology.
The fully on-line mode of delivery of the course also enables geographically-dispersed
students or those currently engaged in full-time employment, convenient access to the courses
and the program.
The course material is presented in a modular format which presents the essential information
in an integrated approach. The various modules are supplemented with a number of case
studies that reinforce the medically-related aspects of the material.
The course requires extensive on-line participation plus additional hours of reading. Course
participants will be introduced to the modern principles of medical pathology and basis for
disease. All course work can be accomplished on a participants' home computer.

Attendance Policy:
Students are expected to be active members of the class. At a minimum each student should log
into the class at least twice a week to check for announcements and complete course exercises.

Course Materials:
Access to course materials is limited to
individuals registered for the course.
Students are not permitted to copy any of
the course materials for sale or
distribution to other individuals.

Course Textbooks:
The following textbook is required for
this course. In order to appropriately
address the teaching objectives of the
course, students will be responsible for
subject material from the assigned
readings that are not covered in the lecture modules. Moreover, maximum benefit will be
obtained by reading appropriate textbook material (Assigned Reading) before viewing each
module.
Elseviers Integrated Pathology (King, T.C.) Elsevier, 2007
ISBN-13: 978-0-323-04328-1

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The following optional textbook is recommended:


Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., & Fausto, N.) 7th
Ed. Saunders, 2004
ISBN-13: 0-721-60187-1

How to Order Course Materials:


The books are available at the USF Health Bookstore. The books can be ordered from the USF
Health Bookstore over the phone (813-974-4984). If you call the bookstore to order they will
ship and the books should arrive in 3-4 days.

Disability accommodation:
Information regarding qualifications for student disabilities through the Disabled Student
Academic Services Office (DSA) at the University of South Florida can be found online at:
http://download.grad.usf.edu/PDF/section14.pdf. Students can also directly contact the DSA for
arrangement of academic accommodations and assistance at (813) 974-4309, SVC 2043,
Coordinator of Disabled Student Academic Services.

Holidays and Religious Observations:


Students who anticipate that they will be unable to complete any aspect of this course due to the
observation of a major religious observance must provide written notice to the instructor by the
end of the second week of the course.

Safe Assignment:
The University of South Florida has an account with
an automated plagiarism detection service which
allows instructors to submit student assignments to be
checked for plagiarism. The instructor reserves the
right to 1) request that assignments be submitted as
electronic files and 2) electronically submit
assignments to SafeAssignment.com. Assignments
are compared automatically with a huge database of
journal articles, web articles, and previously
submitted papers. The instructor receives a report
showing exactly how a students paper was
plagiarized.

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BASIC MEDICAL PATHOLOGY: LEARNING OBJECTIVES


UNIT 1: Cell Injury, Inflammation, Tissue Homeostasis, Damage and Repair
Required reading assignment: King, Ch. 1-3; pp 1-88
Reference material: Kumar, Ch. 1-4
(To be completed before taking on line quizzes)
ONLINE SELF-INSTRUCTION QUIZZES & CROSSWORD
(To be completed before permission to take the Unit Exam)
After this unit, the student should be able to:
Identify the major mechanisms of cell injury including
hypoxia, ischemia, inflammation, aging and senescence.
Describe the major cellular responses to injury icnluding
hyperplasia, hypertrophy, dysplasia, aoptosis and cell
necrosis.
Identify vascular changes, such as edema and endothelial
cell activation.
Discuss inflammatory cells and the topics of innate and
adaptive immunity.
Describe the various types of inflammatory mediators, including neuropeptides, cytokines,
chemokines and lipid-derived mediators.
Compare and contrast the various patterns of inflammatory response, including Types 1-IV
hypersensitivity, acute, chronic and granulomatous inflammation and shock.
Describe the various immune disorders icnluding autoimmune disease, transplant rejection and
immunodeficiency.
Understand tissue homeostasis, stem cells, cell cycle regulation and the major signal transduction
pathways.
Decribe the various types of injury including physical, environmental, metabolic and nutritional
injury.
Describe the various tissue repair mechanims and wound healing.
UNIT 2: Genetic and Perinatal Disease, Neoplasia and Musculoskeletal Pathology
Required reading assignment: King, Ch. 4-6; pp 89-168
Reference material: Kumar Ch. 5, 7, 26-27
(To be completed before taking on line quizzes)
ONLINE SELF-INSTRUCTION QUIZZES & CROSSWORD
(To be completed before permission to take the Unit Exam)
After this unit, the student should be able to:
Understand the basis of Mendelian disorders including autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive and X-linked dominant disorders.
Understand the basis of non-Mendelian disorders including Fragile X syndrome, mitochondrial
disorders, epigenetic disorders multifactorial disorders and chromosome abnormalities.
Describe the properties of common perinatal diseases including congenital anomalies, hydrop
fetalis and perinatal tumors.

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Understand the fundamental principles of epidemiology.


Describe the clonality of neoplasms.
Define the essential concepts of molecular genetics including cell cycle control, oncogenes and
proto-oncogenes, tumor supressor genes, microsatelite instability gene amplification,
chromosomal translocation and epigenetic change.
Describe the process of carcinogenesis.
Compare and contrast carcinoma versus sarcoma neoplasms.
Understand in situ carcinoma and other precursor lesions such as polyps.
Describe tumor invasion and tumor metastasis.
Describe paraneoplastic syndromes.
Understand tumor staging and tumor markers including serum biomarkers.
Describe molecular diagnostics including prognostic and predictive markers.
Understand tumor immunity.
Describe the pathology of the skin and the musculoskeletal system including joints, bone,
muscle, adipose tissue and soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions.
UNIT 3: Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Pathology, Respiratory Tract and Pleura
Required reading assignment: King, Ch. 7-9; pp 169-246
Reference material: Kumar Ch. 11-12, 15, 17
(To be completed before taking on line quizzes)
ONLINE SELF-INSTRUCTION QUIZZES & CROSSWORD
(To be completed before permission to take the Unit Exam)
After this unit, the student should be able to:
Describe the major concepts of cardiovascular pathology including functional cardiovascular
anatomy.
Understand arteriosclerosis.
Describe ischemic heart disease including angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial
infarction and chronic ischemic heart disease.
Describe small-, intermediate- and large-vessel
vasculitis.
Compare and contrast the different types of
aneurysms including leutic, dissecting, false
and berry.
Describe
myocarditis
and
cardiac
transplantation.
Compare and contrast the different forms of
cardiomyopathy including hypertrophic,
dilated and restrictive.
Describe rheumatic and valvular heart disease.
Describe pericarditis.
Understand congenital heart disease and
cardiovascular neoplasms.
Describe pulmonary edema and diffuse alveolar
damage.
Describe the different types of pneumonia.

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Explain asthma.
Describe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumoconiosis and interstitial lung disease.
Explain pulmonary emboli and hypertension.
Compare and contrast pulmonary tumors and tumor-like conditions.
Describe laryngeal, nasopharyngeal and pleural pathology.
Describe the pathology of the oral cavity and salivary glands.
Describe the pathology of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, eppendix, liver and
biliary tract and the pancreas.
UNIT 4: Endocrine and Hematopoietic Pathology and the Renal and Urinary Tract
Required reading assignment: King, Ch. 10-12; pp 247-304
Reference material: Kumar Ch. 13, 20, 24,
(To be completed before taking on line quizzes)
ONLINE SELF-INSTRUCTION QUIZZES & CROSSWORD
(To be completed before permission to take the Unit Exam)
After this unit, the student should be able to:
Understand the couse of pituitary tumors and the general pathology of the pituitary gland.
Describe the pathology of the thyroid including hyper- and hypofunctional states together with
tumors and tumor-like conditions.
Describe the pathology of the parathyroid including primmary hyperparathyroidism and
secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Describe the pathology of the adrenal system including the adrenal cortex and the adrenal
medulla.
Understand the function of the endocrine pancreas including the dominant conditions, diabetes
mellitus and islet cell tumors.
Describe multiple endocrine neoplasia.
Describe the pathology of the hematopoietic
system.
Provide examples of major bone marrow
pathology including anemia, thrombocytopenia, myeloproliferative and mylodysplasic syndromes and bone marrow
transplantation.
Describe the properties of lymph node and
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
Describe the pathology of the spleen.
Describe the pathology of the thymus including
thymoma and myasthenia gravis.
Understand the pathology of the renal and urinary
tract.
Describe inflammatory diseases and infections, such as glomerular diseases and tubulointerstitial
nephritis.
Explain lithiasis and hydronephrosis.
Describe various congenital abnormalities such as ureteropelvic junction obstruction and
polycycstic kidney disease.

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Describe degenerative and vascular diseases including acute tubular necrosis, hypertension and
nephrosclerosis and chronic renal insufficiency.
Describe renal transplantation.
Provide examples of renal tumors such as transitional cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and
other renal tumors.
UNIT 5: Male and Female Genital Tracts and the Nervous System
Required reading assignment: King, Ch. 13-14; pp 305-354
Reference material: Kumar Ch. 21-23, 28
(To be completed before taking on line quizzes)
ONLINE SELF-INSTRUCTION QUIZZES & CROSSWORD
(To be completed before permission to take the Unit Exam)
After this unit, the student should be able to:
Describe the pathology of the testis and epididymis including congenital anomalies,
inflammatory conditions of the testis and testicular tumors.
Understand the pathology of the prostate including inflammatory conditions, prostatic
hyperplasia and prostate tumors.
Explain the pathology of the penis.
Describe the pathology of the uterine cervis.
Explain dysplasia and carcinoma of the vulva, melanoma and Pagets disease.
Decribe the pathology of the vagina.
Explain endometriosis and adenomyosis of the uterine corpus together with uterine tumors.
Describe various complications of pregnancy, such as placental disease.
Describe the pathology of the fallopian tube and ovaries.
Explain pathological conditions of the breast including fibrocystic changes and epithelial
hyperplasia, intraductal papilloma, gynecomastia and breast tumors.
Understand the pathology of the nervous system including neural tube defects, hydocephalus and
perinatal injury.
Explain cerebral edema and herniation.
Describe various vascular diseases including hemorrhage and hematoma, arteriovenous
malformation, cerebral infarct and retinopathy.
Illustrate various infectious disease including meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesess and
epidural abscess.
Describe demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Provide examples of various nutritional and metabolic diseases.
Describe degenerative disease including Alzheimers disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,
Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons disease, ALS and diabetic neuropathy.
Descibe tumors of the central nervous system including astocytoma, oligodendroglioma,
ependymoma, meningioma, retinoblastoma and metastatic tumors.
Describe tumors of the peripheral nervous system.

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Appendix A
University of South Florida Student Conduct Policies: http://www.sa.usf.edu/
Online Conduct/Academic Dishonesty:
All members of this course shall foster an environment that encourages adherence to the
principles of honesty and integrity. All parties shall protect the integrity of academic
materials including test materials, copyrighted documents, and all related course work.
Students are expected to represent themselves honestly in all work submitted. The presence
of a students name on any material submitted in completion of an assignment is considered
to be an assurance that both the work and ideas are the result of the students own intellectual
effort, and produced independently. Collaboration is not allowed unless specifically
permitted by the instructors.
All course participants are expected to respect others personal feelings; have the right of
freedom to hear and participate in dialogue and to examine diverse ideas; and have the right
to a learning environment free from harassment and discrimination; and the responsibility
that free discussion represents the scholarly nature of the learning community.
Cheating (the unauthorized giving, receiving, or use of material or information in quizzes,
assignments or other course work or the attempt to do so) or plagiarism (the use of ideas,
data or specific passages of another persons published or unpublished work that is either
unacknowledged or falsely acknowledged) is not acceptable in this course.
Academic Dishonesty & Disruption for Academic Process Policy
See http://www.sa.usf.edu/handbook/03/academics/ImportantAcademicPolicies.htm
Plagiarism & Punishment Guidelines for Plagiarism:
See http://www.sa.usf.edu/handbook/03/academics/ImportantAcademicPolicies.htm
Plagiarism is defined as literary theft and consists of the unattributed quotation of the exact
words of a published text, or the unattributed borrowing of original ideas by paraphrase from a
published text. On written papers for which the student employs information gathered from
books, articles, or oral sources, each direct quotation, as well as ideas and facts that are not
generally known to the public at large, or the form, structure, style of a secondary source must be
attributed to its author by means of the appropriate citation procedure. Only widely known facts
and thoughts and observations original to the student do not require citations. Citations may be
made in footnotes or within the body of the text. Plagiarism, also, consists of passing off as ones
own, segments or the total of another persons work.
Cheating is defined as follows:
(a) the unauthorized granting or receiving of aid during the prescribed period of a
course-graded exercise: students may not consult written materials such as notes or
books, may not look at the paper of another student, nor consult orally with any other
student taking the same test;
(b) Asking another person to take an examination in his/her place;
(c) Taking an examination for or in place of another student;
(d) stealing visual concepts, such as drawings, sketches, diagrams, musical programs and
scores, graphs, maps, etc., and presenting them as one's own;

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(e) Stealing, borrowing, buying, or disseminating tests, answer keys or other examination
material except as officially authorized, research papers, creative papers, speeches, etc.
(f) Stealing or copying of computer programs and presenting them as one's own. Such stealing
includes the use of another student's program, as obtained from the magnetic media or
interactive terminals or from cards, print-out paper, etc.
Punishment for such Academic Dishonesties will depend on the seriousness of the offense and
may include receipt of an F or O grade on the subject paper, lab report, etc., an F in the
course, suspension or expulsion from the University. The University drop policies and
forgiveness policies shall be suspended for a student accused of plagiarism or cheating or both.

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Appendix B Course Calendar


August 22 Monday first day of fall classes
August 22 Monday Begin Unit 1
September 5 Monday Labor Day USF offices closed
September 8 Thursday Unit 1 Quizzes and Crossword due before Unit 1 Exam
September 8 Thursday Unit 1 exam opens 12:01 am 11:59 pm EST
September 8 Thursday Unit 1 exam due before midnight EST
September 9 Friday Begin Unit 2
September 29 Thursday Unit 2 Quizzes and Crossword due before Unit 2 Exam
September 29 Thursday Unit 2 exam opens 12:01 am 11:59 pm EST
September 29 Thursday Unit 2 exam due before midnight EST
September 30 Friday Begin Unit 3
October 20 Thursday Unit 3 Quizzes and Crossword due before Midterm Exam
October 20 Thursday Midterm exam opens 12:01 am 11:59 pm EST
October 20 Thursday Midterm exam due before midnight EST
October 21 Friday Begin Unit 4
November 10 Thursday Unit 4 Quizzes and Crossword due before Unit 4 Exam
November 10 Thursday Unit 4 exam opens 12:01 am 11:59 pm EST
November 10 Thursday Unit 4 exam due before midnight EST
November 11 Friday Veterans Day USF offices closed
November 11 Friday Begin Unit 5
November 24 Thursday Thanksgiving USF offices closed
November 25 Friday Thanksgiving USF offices closed
December 2 Friday Unit 5 Quizzes and Crossword due before midnight EST
December 2 Friday last day of classes for fall - QUIZZES & CROSSWORDS CLOSED
December 8 Thursday Final Exam opens 12:01 am 11:59 pm EST
December 8 Thursday Final Exam due before midnight EST

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Appendix C Glossary
A-, an-: (prefix) without. e.g. aplasia - without or lack of formation.
Abscess: a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissue.
Acrodermatitis: inflammation of the skin of the extremities, particularly of the paws or feet.
e.g. lethal acrodermatitis - an inherited autosomal recessive disease in bull terriers relating to zinc metabolism.
Adeno-: (prefix) gland. e.g. adenitis - inflammation of a gland.
Adenocarcinoma: a malignant tumor of epithelial cells arranged in glandular patterns.
Adenoma: a benign epithelial tumor in which the cells form glandular structures or are derived from glandular epithelium.
Agenesis: absence, failure of formation or imperfect development of any part.
Amelanotic: in reference to a melanoma, amelanotic refers to a melanoma that contains little or no pigment.
Anis-, aniso-: (prefix) unequal; dissimilar. e.g. anisokaryosis - inequality in the size of the nuclei of cells.
-angio: (suffix) vessel. e.g. lymphangitis - inflammation of a lymph vessel.
Ante-: (prefix) before in time or space. e.g. ante mortem - before death.
Anti-: (prefix) against; counteracting. e.g. antitoxin - an antibody to a toxin.
Aplasia: Defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
Arthr(o)-: (prefix) joint; articulation. e.g. arthrolith - a calculous deposit within a joint.
Atresia (adj. atretic): closed; absence of a normal opening or normally patent lumen
Atrophy: a wasting of tissues, organs or the entire body; caused by death and resorption of cells, diminished cellular
proliferation, pressure, ischemia, malnutrition, decreased function or hormonal changes.
Auto-: (prefix) self. e.g. autolysis - self-dissolution; the post-mortem enzymatic degradation of cells.
Axilla: the armpit.
Bilateral: affecting both sides.
Botryoid: shaped like a bunch of grapes.
Cancer: a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is a transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. The cells
proliferate in an abnormal way resulting in a malignant, cellular tumor. See also Metastatic.
Caseous: having a consistency like that of cottage cheese.
Catarrh: inflammation of a mucous membrane with free discharge.
-cele: (suffix) tumor; herniation. e.g. meningocoele - hernial protrusion of meninges.
Cellulitis: a diffuse inflammatory process within solid tissues characterized by edema, redness, pain and interference with
function. Cellulitis often occurs in the loose tissues beneath the skin, but may also occur in mucous membranes and in
muscle bundles surounding organs.
-centesis: (suffix) puncture. e.g. thoracentesis - puncture of the pleural cavity.
Chol-: (prefix) bile. e.g. cholelith - gallstone; bile stone.
Congenital: exsisting at birth. Referring to certain mental or physical traits or peculiarities, malformations, diseases, which may
be either hereditary or due to some influence occuring during gestation even up to the moment of birth. See also Hereditary.
Contralateral: affecting or pertaining to the opposite side.
Corrugated: having a ripple-like distortion.
Cyanosis: a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an excessive concentration of reduced
(deoxygenated) hemoglobin in the blood.
Cyst : an abnormal sac filled with gas, fluid, or semi-solid material that is lined by a membrane.
Cyst(o)-: (prefix) bladder. e.g. cystitis - inflammation of the urinary bladder.
Cyt(o)-: (prefix) cell. e.g. cytomegaly - marked enlargement of cells.
Derma-, dermat(o)-: (prefix) skin. e.g. dermatitis - inflammation of the skin.
Dia-: (prefix) through; between; ss. e.g. diarrhea - fecal matter flowing through the bowel.
Diffuse: not definitely localized or limited; spread widely through a tissue or substance.
Diphtheritic membrane: a thin coating on the surface of an epithelial lined organ (e.g. intestine) that is composed of necrotic
cellular debris, inflammatory cells and fibrin.
Dys-: (prefix) difficult; bad; abnormal. e.g. dysplasia - abnormal formation. e.g. dyspnea - shortness of breath; difficulty
breathing.
Dysgenesis: defective embryonic development.
Dysplasia: abnormal tissue development.
Dystopia: displacement. See also Malposition.
-ectasis: (suffix) to stretch; dilate. e.g. bronchiectasis - dilatation of bronchi. The noun form is ectasia
-ectomy: (suffix) excision. e.g. cholecystectomy - excision of the gallbladder.
Ecchymosis: A purplish patch caused by extravasation of blood into the tissues differing from petechiae only in size. See also
Petechia and Purpura.
Edema: an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cavities and intercellular spaces of the body.
Em-, en-, in-: (prefix) into. e.g. encyst - to enclose in a cyst or sac.
Embolus: a clot, usually part or all of a thrombus, carried by a larger vessel and forced into a smaller vessel, thus obstructing
blood flow. See also Embolism and Thromboembolism.

Basic Medical Pathology GMS 6111

Embolism: the sudden blocking of an artery by a clot of material (embolus). The process of the formation of an embolus.
-emesis: (suffix) vomit. e.g. hematemesis - vomiting blood.
-emia: (suffix) blood. e.g. lipidemia - excess lipid in the blood.
Endo-: (prefix) within. e.g. endocardium - the inner lining of the heart. e.g. endometrium - the mucous membrane lining of the
uterus.
Enter(o)-: (prefix) intestine. e.g. enteritis - inflammation of the intestine.
Epi-: (prefix) upon; over. e.g. epibulbar - situated upon the eyeball.
Epicardium: the inner layer of the serous pericardium which is in contact with the heart.
Eroded: having a shallow or superficial ulceration.
Etiology: the causative agent in a lesion.
Ex(o)-: (prefix) out of; away from; outside of. e.g. exophytic - projecting out from a surface.
Fibrin: a filamentous protein formed from the precursor fibrinogen by the enzyme thrombin.
Fistula: an abnormal, tube-like passage from a hollow organ to the surface, or from one organ to another.
e.g. esophageal fistula - a communication between the esophagus and some portion of the respiratory tract.
Flocculent: having downy or flaky shreds.
Friable: breaks apart or crumbles easily.
Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestine.
-genesis: (suffix)origin. e.g. spermatogenesis - formation of sperm.
Granuloma: a focal collection of activated macrophages.
Granulomatous: composed of granulomas.
Grey matter: the grey nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord consisting of the cell bodies and dendrites of nerve cells rather
than the myelinated axons.
Grumose: lumpy or clotted.
Hema-, hemato, haemo- (british)-: (prefix) blood e.g. hematocrit - the volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood.
Hemangio-: (prefix) blood vessel. e.g. hemangiosarcoma - malignant tumor of a blood vessel.
Hematoma: a localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted.
Hereditary: transmitted from parent to offspring; derived from ancestry. See also Congenital.
Hetero-: (prefix) dissimilar. e.g. heterocellular - composed of more than one type of cell.
Histiocyte: a large, phagocytic cell of the reticuloendothelial system; a macrophage.
Histiocytoma: a common neoplasm of young dogs composed of round histiocytic cells, thought to be Langerhan's cells. Most
tumors spontaneously regress.
Homeo-, homo-: (prefix) similar; same. e.g. homeotypical - resembling the normal or usual type.
Hydro-, hygro-: (prefix) water; fluid. e.g. hydronephrosis - distension of the renal pelvis and calices with urine.
Hydroureter: distension of the ureter with fluid due to obstruction. Hydroureter is often accompanied by hydronephrosis if the
obstruction is in the bladder trigone or more distal.
Hyper-: (prefix) above and beyond; excessive. e.g. hyperacidity - excessive acidity. e.g. hyperchromasia - excessive
pigmentation
Hyperemia: presence of an increased amount of blood in a part or an organ.
Hypertrophy: an increase in the size of a cell, tissue or organ usually as a physiologic response to a stimulus.
Hypoplasia: underdevelopment of a tissue or organ usually due to a decrease in the number of cells.
Hypotonia: abnormally decreased tonicity, tension or strength; ocular hypotony refers to low intraocular pressure.
-iasis: (suffix) a process, especially a morbid one. e.g. amebiasis - the state of being infected with amebae.
Idiopathic: occurring without known cause.
Imperforate: atretic; closed.
Indurated: abnormally hard.
Infarct: a localized area of ischemic necrosis produced by the occlusion of the blood vessels - either arterial supply or venous
drainage.
Infra-: (prefix) beneath. e.g. infraorbital - beneath the eye.
Inter-: (prefix) between. e.g. intercellular - between two cells.
Intra-: (prefix) within. e.g. intracellular - within cells.
Ipsilateral: affecting or pertaining to the same side.
Ischemia: a local deficiency of blood due in part to functional constriction or actual mechanical obstruction of a blood vessel.
-it is: (suffix) inflammation. e.g. appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix.
Leio-: (prefix) smooth. e.g. leiomyoma - a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells.
Lesion: an alteration or abnormality in a tissue or cell; a pathological change.
Leuc-, leuk-: (prefix) white. e.g. leukocyte - a white blood cell. e.g. leukopenia - reduction in the number of leukocytes in the
blood.
Leukoencephalitis: inflammation of the white matter of the brain.
Lip(o)-: (prefix) fat; lipid. e.g. lipoma - a benign tumor of fat cells.
Lith-: (prefix) stone. e.g. lithotomy - removal of a stone.
Lymphangiectasia: dilation of the lymphatic vessels; may be congenital or acquired.
Lymphoma: a neoplastic disorder of lymphocytes.

Basic Medical Pathology GMS 6111

-lysis: (suffix) to dissolve. e.g. autolysis - self-dissolution.


-malacia: (suffix) softening. e.g. osteomalacia - softening of the bone.
Macro-: (prefix) large. e.g. macrophage - a large, mononuclear, phagocytic blood cell.
Malignant: having the properties of anaplasia, invasiveness and metastasis; Tending to become progressively worse and to result
in death. See also Cancer.
Malposition: faulty or abnormal position of a part of the body. See also Dystopia.
Mega-: (prefix) great. e.g. megakaryocyte - the giant cell of the bone marrow that has a greatly lobulated nucleus and gives rise
to blood platelets.
-megaly: (suffix): great, large. e.g. splenomegaly - enlargement of the spleen.
Melan-: (prefix) black. e.g. melanin - black pigment of the hair, skin, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and certain nerve cells.
Meninges: the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord - the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.
Meningo-: (prefix) membrane; meninges. e.g. meningoencephalitis - inflammation of the brain and its meninges.
Mesothelium: the layer of flat cells lining the body cavity of the embryo; in the adult, it forms the simple squamous epithelium
that covers the true serous membranes of the body. Mesothelium is derived from mesoderm.
Metastatic: a tumor that has transfered from one organ (or part) to another not directly connected to it. See also Cancer.
Micro-: (prefix) small. e.g. microhepatia - a small liver.
Morphologic diagnosis: the interpretation of the abnormalities in terms of severity, time, lesion and anatomic site. For example:
severe, chronic, glomerulonephritis.
Mucous: (adj.) relating to or resembling mucus.
Mucus: (n.) the glandular, free slime of the mucous membranes.
My-, myo-: (prefix) muscle. e.g. leiomyosarcoma - a malignant tumor of smooth muscle cells.
Myelin: the lipid substance forming a sheath around the axons of certain nerve fibers.
Myx-: (prefix) mucus. e.g. myxedema - mucinous edema (swelling).
Necr-: (prefix) death. e.g. necrosis - the morphologic changes indicative of cell death, indicated by characteristic nuclear and
cytoplasmic changes.
Necropsy: examination of a body after death.
Nephr-: (prefix) kidney. e.g. nephrectomy - surgical removal of the kidney.
-oid: (suffix) like, resembling. e.g. leukemoid - like leukemia.
Oligo-: (prefix) few; scanty. e.g. oligochromemia - deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood.
-ologous: (suffix) relating to. e.g. homologous - of similar structure.
-oma: (suffix) tumor. e.g. osteoma - tumor of bone.
-opathy: (suffix) disease. e.g. nephropathy - any disease of the kidney.
-orrhea: (suffix) flow; discharge. e.g. leukorrhea - white discharge.
-oscopy: (suffix) view. e.g. endoscopy - to view the inside, specifically: the intestine.
-osis: (suffix) a process, especially a morbid one. e.g. diverticulosis - involvement with diverticula.
Osteo-: (prefix) bone. e.g. osteomyelitis - inflammation of bone.
Osteoid: resembling bone.
-ostomy: (suffix) mouth. e.g. gastrostomy - creation of an artificial gastric fistula.
-otomy: (suffix) cut. e.g. cholecystotomy - incision into the gallbladder.
Panniculitits: a rare, multifactorial inflammatory condition involving subcutaneous fat.
Panniculus: a layer of membrane.
Papillary: having small nipple-shaped projections.
Papilloma: the common wart; a benign tumor derived from epithelium. They are caused by papillomaviruses.
Papules: a small circumscribed, solid, elevated lesion of the skin.
Para-: (prefix) beside. e.g. para-aortic - beside the aorta. e.g. parauterine - beside the uterus.
Parenchyma: the essential or functional elements of an organ.
Patent: open, exposed or unobstructed. e.g. patent ductus arteriosus - an abnormal persistence after birth of an open lumen in
the ductus arteriosus, between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
Pathogenesis: the sequence of events that leads to a disease or morbid process. It may be, for example, hormonal, chemical,
infectious, genetic or traumatic in nature.
Pathology: the science and study of disease, especially the causes and development of abnormal conditions both gross and
microscopic.
Pedunculated: elevated, as on a stem (peduncle).
-penia: (suffix) poverty. e.g. thrombocytopenia - decrease in blood platelets.
Peri- (prefix): around. e.g. peribronchial - around the bronchus.
Pericardium: the fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the roots of the great vessels of the heart. It is composed of a fibrous
external layer and a serous inner layer.
Petechia: a pinpoint, non-raised, purplish-red spot caused by intradermal or subcutaneous hemorrhage. Plural is petechiae. These
are tell-tale symptoms of Ebola and Lassa Fevers.
Peyer's Patches: ovoid, elevated patches of closely packed lymphoid follicles in the mucosa and submucosa of the small
intestine. Also called aggregated lymphoid follicles.
-phage: (suffix) eat; devour. e.g. macrophage - a cell which devours (phagocytoses).

Basic Medical Pathology GMS 6111

Phago-: (prefix) eat; devour. e.g. phagocyte - any cell that ingests foreign material, other cells or microorganisms.
Pheochromocytoma:
(pheo=dusky)
(chromo=color)
(cyt=cell)
(oma=tumor)
a small tumor of chromaffin cells, usually of the adrenal medulla, but occasionally of the chromaffin tissue of sympathetic
paraganglia. Functional tumors secrete catecholamines.
Phleb-: (prefix) vein. e.g. phlebitis - inflammation of the vein.
Pinna: the projecting part of the ear; also known as the auricle.
-plasia: (suffix) to form. e.g. hyperplasia - an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, usually as a physiologic
response to a stimulus.
-pnea: (suffix) breath. e.g. dyspnea - labored or difficult breathing.
Polyp: a spheroidal mass that protrudes upwards or outwards from a normal surface. Polyps may be hyperplastic, inflammatory,
or neoplastic. e.g. pedunculated polyp - a polyp attached by a thin stalk (peduncle). e.g. sessile polyp - a polyp with a broad
base (sessile).
Polypoid: Resembling a polyp.
Purpura: a hemorraghic disease characterized by extravasation of blood into the tissues producing spontaneous ecchymoses and
petechiae.
Pus: a protein-rich liquid inflammation product comprised of leukocytes, a thin fluid and cellular debris.
Prognosis: a prediction of the outcome of the pathological process or disease.
-ptosis: (suffix) falling. e.g. ptosis - drooping, specifically: of the eyelid.
Pyo-:
(prefix)
pus.
e.g.
pyometra
an
accumulation
of
pus
within
the
uterus.
e.g. pyogranuloma - an infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into an area of chronic inflammation characterized by
mononuclear cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and even plasma cells.
Pyelonephritis: (nephropyelitis) inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis often by ascending bacterial infection.
Reniform: shaped like a kidney.
Resilient: having the ability to return to an original shape after having been compressed or deformed.
-rhage, -rrhage, -rrhagia: (suffix) discharge. e.g. hemorrhage - discharge of blood.
-rrhea: (suffix) abnormal or excessive flow. e.g. steatorrhea - excessive lipid in the feces.
Saponification: the hydrolysis of a fat by alkali with the formation of a soap and glycerol.
Sclero-: (prefix) hard. e.g. scleroma - a hardened patch of skin or mucous membrane.
Serosa: any serous membrane.
Serous Membrane: the membrane lining the walls of the body cavities and enclosing the contained organs. It is a mesothelium
lying upon a connective tissue layer and secretes a watery serous fluid.
Serpiginous: having a wavy border.
Serrated: having a saw-like edge.
Sessile: attached by a broad base.
-stasis: (suffix) standing still. e.g. hemostasis - arrest of blood circulation.
Stea-: (prefix) lipid. e.g. steatorrhea - excessive lipid in the feces.
Stenosis: a stricture of any canal.
Stoma-: (prefix) mouth. e.g. stomatology - the study of the mouth and its diseases.
Stomatitis: inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth.
Suppurative: containing pus.
Syncope: a temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient cerebral blood flow; fainting.
Thromboembolism: the lesion created by a thromboembolus.
Thromboembolus: a clot of material that breaks free from a primary site, is transported in the bloodstream and becomes lodged
and adhered at a secondary site.
-trophy: (suffix) nourish. e.g. dystrophy - defective or faulty nutrition.
Ulcerated: having a local defect or excavation of the epithelium of an organ or tissue through the basement membrane.
Umbilicated: marked by depressed spots resembling the umbilicus.
Umbilicus: the scar marking the site of entry of the umbilical cord into the fetus.
Unilateral: affecting only one side.
-uria: (suffix) urine. e.g. proteinuria - protein in the urine.
Verruca: a wart.
Verrucous: rough; wart-like.
Viscous: thick, coagulated; sticky or gummy.
White matter: the white nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord consisting of the conducting, myelinated fibers.
Xantho-: (prefix) yellow. e.g. xanthoma - a yellow tumor.

Basic Medical Pathology GMS 6111

Basic Medical Pathology GMS 6111

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