1.

0 Introduction
1.1 Background
This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of the residential building. The
analysis and design has been based on the prevailing codes that are in practice in Nepal, the
National Building code of Nepal and the IS code at places. This report consists of the design
procedures adopted, the assumptions made, the inputs made in the design and the design
output.
1.2 Salient Features
1.2.1
Project Information
Client
Building Type
Location
Plinth Area
1.2.2

1.2.3

:
:
:
:

Building Features
Type of Structure
:
Storey
:
Storey Height
:
Total Height
:
Site Condition
Soil Type
Seismic Zone Factor
Net safe bearing capacity

Mrs. .
Residential
.
598.33 Sq. ft.
RCC Framed Structure
Three Storey
94
31 Feet (From Plinth level)
: Medium Soil (for seismic consideration as per IS 456)
: 0.36
: 120 KN/m2(Assumed)

1.3 Geometry of the Building

Building is analyzed in rectangular-shaped block having floor height of 9-4, length is
10.203m and breadth is 6.381 m.

Column Base Identification

A
7'-10"

C
14'-6"

D
5'

10'-9"

11'-8"

8'-3"

2
8'-3"

1
12'-3"

14'-6"

5'

Grid Number according to structure modeling.

2.0Design Approach and Methodology

2.1 General
The structure is analyzed with Finite Element Method (FEM). Beams and columns are
modeled as frame (line) elements with sufficient and appropriate meshing. Modulus of
elasticity and poissons ratio for the materials used are taken accordingly. The section
properties used are based on preliminary section sizing with consideration for deflection,
minimum sizing specified and serviceability. Computation for stiffness as a whole is carried
out using FEM based latest software.
Seismic Coefficient Method is used and it is applied for lateral seismic force distribution
generated with IS1893:2002 based.
The design horizontal seismic coefficient,
Ah = Z*I*(Sa/g) / (2R) (Cl. 6.4.2, IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002)
Where,
Z
I
R
Sa/g

= Zone factor (0.36)

= Importance factor(1)
= Response reduction factor (5)
= average response acceleration coefficient

Design Seismic Base Shear

The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear (V B) along any principal direction is
determined by the following expression
VB = Ah*W (Cl. 7.5.3)
Where, Ah = The design horizontal seismic coefficient as above
W = Seismic weight of the building

Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability requirements.

2.2 Software used: (Introduction to Analysis software)
The analysis for the structural system was carried out using ETABS 2015 Version 15.0.0
build 1221 Integrated Building Design Software, is a product of Computers and Structures.
Inc. It is a FEM based software having facility of RC Design based on IS- 456:2000.
2.3 Structural Performance
Structural response under limit state of serviceability is thoroughly checked. The force and
stiffness relationship resulting the deflection under various load cases and combined action of
forces are duly evaluated. Basically short- term elastic deflection due to vertical loads and
lateral deflection due to seismic forces are of major importance along with the long-term
defection of beam elements under sustained loading condition due to shrinkage and creep are
also taken into account.
2.4 Deformation under Vertical Loads.
Maximum vertical deflection in all beam and slab elements that resulted under vertical load
of combined effect of self, imposed dead and live load are checked for critical elements and
maintained to be within permissible limit. Short-term elastic deflection and long-term

deflection due to shrinkage and creep due to sustained loads are also maintained within
permissible limits for all the elements.

3.0 Analysis
3.1 Loading details / Types of Loads.
A. Dead Load: The Dead load comprises the loads due to the materials used in the construction
and parts or components in a building. It consists of the loads due to structural elements like
beam, column, wall, slab, staircase, etc; finishes applied in the building and some permanent
structures like water tanks etc.
B. Imposed Load: The imposed load comprises the loads due to the physical contribution of
people and the loads due to the nature of occupancy, the furniture and other equipments
which are a part of the character of the occupancy. The imposed loads on the structural
system are based on the codal provisions as specified in IS 875(part2)-1987.
C. Earthquake load: The Earthquake load is the horizontal /lateral load induced by the ground
motion due to earthquakes. The design lateral load / force is considered in two orthogonal
horizontal directions of the structures. The earthquake induced lateral loads on the structural
system are based on the codal provisions as specified in IS1893:2002
3.2 Material Specification
Considering Architectural, Economic and strength demands, reinforced cement concrete
(RCC) is used as the major structural material, the selected material also confirms the
availability and ease in construction. The concrete grade used is M20 as per Indian Standard
Specification. This material provides minimum grade of structural concrete and favorable for
easy production and quality control as well. Fe500 is provided as longitudinal and Fe415 is
provided as shear reinforcing in Beams, Columns, foundations, and slabs wherever RCC is
used.
Considerations of material for loading and strength parameter are as detailed below:
Structural Components:
Concrete
Grade: M20
Characteristic Compressive strength: 20 N/mm2
Unit weight: 25 KN/m3
Youngs modulus of elasticity (E) = 5000 fck N/mm2 22360680 KN/m2 (for M20)
Steel Reinforcement (for both longitudinal and shear reinforcement)
Grade: Fe 500
Yield stress: 500 N/mm2

Non-Structural Components:
Brick Wall
Unit weight: 19 KN/m3
NOTE: During this design, brick is not considered as structural component and hence its strength is
not considered.

Finishing
Plaster
Unit Weight: 20.4 KN/m3
Floor Finish:
Specification:
Intensity:
Specification:
Intensity:

50mm thick screed + punning on floor

1 KN/m2
50mm thick marble on the floor
1.335 KN/m2
NOTE: During this design, a value of 1.5KN/m2is considered as floor finish load.
3.3 Loading on Structural Model
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural model:
The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that distributed
over length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
Where such loading is not applicable, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with the
requirements of IS1893:2002.
3.4 Load Cases
The following load cases were used for loading during the analysis:
Dead :
Self Weight of the building structural components
Finish :
Weight of the finishing of the slabs and staircases (including steps)
Wall :
Wall loads (including plaster)
Live :
Live load in the building area elements

Primary Load Cases

NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

NAME
EQX
EQZ
DEAD
WALL
STAIR
LIVE
FLOOR FINISHING
PARTITION WALL

TYPE
Seismic
Seismic
Dead
Dead
Dead
Live
Dead
Dead

3.5 Load Combination

The load combinations are based on IS456. The following load combinations are specified by
IS 456.
1) 1.5(TDL+IL)
2) 1.2(TDL+IL EQL)
3) 1.5(TDL EQL)
4) 0.9TDL 1.5EQL
Assumptions
The following assumptions are taken into consideration in the seismic resistant analysis and
design of structures:
Adequate supervision and quality systems are provided during execution of the works.
Construction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience.
Construction materials and products confirm to the pertinent codes and specifications.
The structure is adequately maintained.
The structure is used in accordance with the design brief.
An earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with maximum flood, wind,
waves or tides.
Resonance as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitation will not occur, as the
small duration of earthquake is not enough to build up resonance amplitudes.
Subsoil does not considerably settle or slide due to earthquake at the site of structure.
3.6 Load Calculations
3.6.1 Dead Load
Floor Height
Beam Depth

S
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Description

Wall Plaster
Wall Plaster
Full Brick Wall
Full Brick Wall
Full Brick Wall
Full Brick Wall
Half Brick Wall
Half Brick Wall
Half Brick Wall
Parapet Wall

2.8448
0.3556
Width(m
)

0.025
0.025
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.115
0.115
0.115
0.115

Wall Load Calculation

9' - 4"
1' - 2"
Wall
Height
(m)

2.49
0.90
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
0.90

Unit
Weight
(KN/m3)

Load
(KN/m
)

20.4
20.4
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19

1.3
0.5
10.9
10.9
10.9
10.9
5.4
5.4
5.4
2.0

Note: Calculation of staircase load is shown in Design sheets

Load
(KN/m)
With
Plaster

% of
openin
g

Final
Load

12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1
6.7
6.7
6.7
2.4

0
20
30
50
0
15
25
0

12.1
9.7
8.5
6.1
6.7
5.7
5.0
2.4

Live Load
LIVE LOAD
UDL (KN/M2)
ROOMS AND KITCHEN
2.0
Toilet and bathroom
2.0
Corridor, passage, staircase
3.0
Balconies
3.0
Terrace
1.5
3.6.2 Seismic Load
The seismic lateral load is calculated using the IS 1893:2002. The base shear
is applied with the coefficient as calculated hereunder:

Site Sub-soil category Type

II(Medium)
Time Period Tx=0.09H/Sqrt(dx) 0.240 sec
Time Period Tz=0.09H/Sqrt(dz) 0.304 sec
Seismic Zoning Factor 0.36
Importance Factor 1.0
Response Reduction Factor 5.0
Sa/g 2.5
Ah .09

3.6.3

Data Used in Analysis in FEM Software

IS1893 2002 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern
eqx and eqy according to IS1893 2002, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = User Specified

User Period

T =0.240 sec

User Period

T =0.304 sec

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 2]

Z =0.36

R=5
I =1

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 7]

Importance Factor, I [IS Table 6]
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g S a 1.36

=
[IS 6.4.5]
g
T

Sa
=2.5
g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
g
A h=
2R
ZI

Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]

Calculated Base Shear

Direction

Period
Used
(sec)

W
(kN)

Vb
(kN)

Direction

Period
Used
(sec)

W
(kN)

Vb
(kN)

0.24

1979.5289

178.1576

0.304

1979.5289

178.1576

X + Ecc. Y

0.24

1979.5289

178.1576

Y + Ecc. X

0.304

1979.5289

178.1576

X - Ecc. Y

0.24

1979.5289

178.1576

Y - Ecc. X

0.304

1979.5289

178.1576

Applied Story Forces

Story

Elevation

X-Dir

Y-Dir

Story3
Story2
Story1
Base

kN

kN

8.5344

74.603

5.6896
2.8448
0

Wall Load in Model:

Story

Elevation

X-Dir

Y-Dir

kN

kN

Story3

8.5344

74.603

80.6486

Story2

5.6896

80.6486

22.906

Story1

2.8448

22.906

Base

4.0

ANALYSIS OUTPUTS
Results from Structural models and analysis

Story Response - Maximum Story Displacement

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values
Story

Elevation Location
m

X-Dir

Y-Dir

mm

mm

Story3

8.5344

Top

14

16

Story2

5.6896

Top

10

12.2

Story1

2.8448

Top

4.6

5.5

Base

Top

Story Response - Maximum Story Drifts Along X

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values
Story

Elevation Location

X-Dir

Y-Dir

m
Story3

8.5344

Top

0.00099

0.0001

Story2

5.6896

Top

0.001285

0.000106

Story1

2.8448

Top

0.001099

0.000087

Base

Top

Story Response - Maximum Story Drifts Along Y

Plot

Tabulated Plot Coordinates

Story Response Values
Story

Elevation Location

X-Dir

Y-Dir

m
Story3

8.5344

Top

0.000183

0.001013

Story2

5.6896

Top

0.000168

0.001564

Story1

2.8448

Top

0.000126

0.001296

Base

Top

Diagram Showing Reaction (for DL+LL)

Axial Force Diagram (for Envelop)

Shear Force Diagram (For Envelop)

Bending Moment Diagram (for envelop)

5.0

Design of Members
Design of Beams and Columns
The design of beams and columns are done from the software itself. However, it is to
be notified that the limitations of the design by the software have been evaluated and the
adjustments have been made accordingly. The samples (summary) of the design through the
software based on IS456: 2000 has been presented hereunder.
Design of Foundation
Modeling, analysis and design is carried out using the software. However, design of
the individual elements is carried out manually. Results of the design output of beams and
columns given by the software are directly used but the design of slab, staircase and
foundation is checked manually. The sample calculation of the individual elements is
presented below.

Design of Slab and Staircase

A sample design of the critical slab is carried out in Excel. Similarly, the Sample
design of Staircase with calculation of loading of staircase is also carried out in Excel. Both
the calculations are shown here under.

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level

Element

Section ID

Combo ID

Station Loc

Length (mm)

LLRF

Story2

C9

Column

UDCon10

2844.8

0.867

Section Properties
b (mm)

h (mm)

dc (mm)

Cover (Torsion) (mm)

304.8

304.8

61

35

Material Properties
Ec (MPa)

fck (MPa)

Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless)

fy (MPa)

fys (MPa)

22360.68

20

500

500

Design Code Parameters

C

1.5

1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu
kN

Design Mu2
kN-m

Design Mu3
kN-m

Minimum M2
kN-m

Minimum M3
kN-m

Rebar Area
mm

Rebar %
%

216.8665

-51.4232

17.4462

4.3373

4.3373

1345

1.45

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor
Unitless

Length
mm

Initial Moment
kN-m

Additional Moment
kN-m

Minimum Moment
kN-m

Major Bend(M3)

0.646364

Minor Bend(M2)

0.673655

2489.2

6.9785

4.3373

2489.2

-20.5693

4.3373

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu
kN

Shear Vc
kN

Shear Vs
kN

Shear Vp
kN

Rebar Asv /s
mm/m

Major, Vu2

12.5348

59.9185

29.7237

36.8251

337.85

Minor, Vu3

37.0124

60.0709

29.7237

37.0124

337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear
Force
kN

Shear
VTop
kN

Shear
Vu,Tot
kN

Shear
Vc
kN

Joint
Area
cm

Shear
Ratio
Unitless

Major Shear, Vu2

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Minor Shear, Vu3

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio

Minor Ratio

N/A

N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag
cm

Asc
cm

Puz
kN

Pb
kN

Pu
kN

k
Unitless

929

13.5

1340.5536

283.6812

216.8665

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 1 of 2)

Consider
Ma

Length
Factor

Section
Depth (mm)

KL/Depth
Ratio

KL/Depth
Limit

KL/Depth
Exceeded

Major Bending (M3 )

Yes

0.875

304.8

5.279

12

No

Minor Bending (M2 )

Yes

0.875

304.8

5.502

12

No

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1) (Part 2 of 2)

Ma
Moment (kN-m)
0
0

ETABS 2015 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level

Element

Section ID

Combo ID

Station Loc

Length (mm)

LLRF

Story1

B4

Beam

UDCon7

4295.2

4447.6

Section Properties
b (mm)

h (mm)

bf (mm)

ds (mm)

dct (mm)

dcb (mm)

228.6

355.6

228.6

25

25

Material Properties
Ec (MPa)

fck (MPa)

Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless)

fy (MPa)

fys (MPa)

22360.68

20

500

500

Design Code Parameters

C

1.5

1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored
Mu3
kN-m

Factored
Tu
kN-m

Factored
Vu2
kN

Factored
Pu
kN

-56.5022

2.2927

66.6936

0.3727

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored
Moment
kN-m

Factored
Mt
kN-m

Positive
Moment
kN-m

Negative
Moment
kN-m

-56.5022

3.4466

-59.9488

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, M u3 & Tu

Design
-Moment
kN-m
Top

(+2 Axis)

Bottom (-2 Axis)

Design
+Moment
kN-m

-59.9488
0

-Moment
Rebar
mm

+Moment
Rebar
mm

Minimum
Rebar
mm

Required
Rebar
mm

501

501

174

251

251

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve
kN

Shear Vc
kN

Shear Vs
kN

Shear Vp
kN

Rebar Asv /s
mm/m

84.2764

40.2582

61.8903

32.7615

518.76

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu
kN-m

Vu
kN

Core b1
mm

Core d1
mm

Rebar Asvt /s
mm/m

2.5535

65.6917

198.6

325.6

362.99

Diagram Showing Reinforcement output From Etabs

Annex
References
IS: 456 2000

Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5)

NBC 105: 1994

Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures (second revision)
Part 1 Dead loads
Part 2 Imposed loads
Code of practice for Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 2002

Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993

SP: 16 1980

Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic

forces - Code of Practice
Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 1978

SP: 34 1987

Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

Pillai

Pillai, S. Unnikrishna, Marie A. Erki, and Donald Wayne Kirk. Reinforced

concrete design. Whitby, Ont.: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1999.
Sinha, S. N. (2002). Reinforced concrete design. Tata McGraw-Hill
Education.

Sinha,S.N.