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ISSN 2277-7729
Original Article
Development of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Production Technique as an Alternate
Fish Feed
K. M. Shakil Rana1, M. A. Salam1, Shaharior Hashem1* and Md. Ariful Islam2
1Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
2 Scientific officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat-9300
*
Corresponding Author: shaharior@bau.edu.bd
Received 20 January 2015; accepted 26 March 2015
Abstract
Aquaculture provides more than 60% animal protein for human consumption in Bangladesh. However, adulterated and low
quality fish feed creates environmental hazards and reduces profitability of fish farming. An attempt made to overcome
these problems through protein, fat and minerals containing non pest insect, Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) rearing
technique to minimize feed cost, boost up fish production and tackle environmental hazards. The wild BSF attracted with
rotten kitchen wastes, mustard oil cake and wheat to lay eggs which then hatched and larvae emerged. The average BSFL
production was highest in rotten wheat followed by rotten vegetables and mustard oil cake, which were 185.9857.41,
133.6924.76 and 48.3814.04 g/kg wastes, respectively. Newly hatched larvae consumed voraciously the putrescent
wastes. Tilapia fry rearing trial commenced with formulated feed where fish meal replaced 0, 25, 50 and 100% with
dehydrated BSFL in hapa as T 1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments where T1 used as control. Data interpretation showed that BSFL
production fluctuated with the varying temperature and stopped at 15 0C or less. The proximate composition of live BSFL
found 62% moisture, 7% lipid, 16% protein, 3% ash, 3.2% crude fiber and 9% carbohydrate on live weight basis. Among
the four treatments T3 performed the best followed by T 2, T1 and T4 respectively. The survival rate of tilapia fry was alike
in all the treatments but fish productions were 28.160.27, 25.120.28, 21.520.32 and 21.250.20 tons/ha/90 days in T 3,
T2, T1 and T4 correspondingly. The feed conversion ratio was the least (1.70) with T 3 and the highest (2.26) with T 4.
Further research need to be carried out to develop captive breeding of BSF for sustainable supply of BSFL for fish feed.
2015 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Key words: Aquaculture, alternative feed, tilapia, high protein, hapa.
1 INTRODUCTION
Like other parts of the world, aquaculture is the fastest
growing industry in Bangladesh. To support the industry
huge amount of fish feed required. However, adulterated
and low quality fish feed is the main barrier of sustainable
aqua-farming. Cultured fishes are typically fed with wildcaught fishes as raw or fish meal as a source of animal
protein (Pauly and Christensen, 1995). According to FAO
(2012), 70% of the world aquaculture production depends
on feed (Tacon and Metian, 2008). They mentioned that
world aquaculture feed industry used 3,724,000 tons of fish
meal and 825,000 tons of fish oil in 2007 which was equal
to 16.6 million tons wet weight of small pelagic forage
fishes. This massive catch of fish declined the wild stock
and influenced forage fisheries (Merino et al., 2010).
Hence, fish meal based supplemental feeding practices in
aquaculture is a threat to conservation of wild fish
population.
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Table 1: The name of the ingredients and their amount in percentage used in the formulated feed
T1
T2
T3
(Control; 0% fish meal
(25% fish meal replaced
(50% fish meal replaced
Name of Ingredients
replaced with BSFL)
with BSFL)
with BSFL)
Fishmeal (%)
15
11.25
7.5
BSF larvae (%)
0
3.75
7.5
Wheat bran (%)
10
10
5
Rice bran (%)
13
11
12
Soybean meal (%)
30
32
36
Mustard oil cake (%)
30
30
30
Molasses (%)
1
1
1
Vit.-mineral premix (%)
1
1
1
Total (%)
100
100
100
Table 2: Proximate composition of formulated fish feed (% moisture basis)
Moisture
(%)
Lipid
(%)
Crude
Protein (%)
Ash (%)
Crude fiber
(%)
Carbohydrate
(%)
8.98
(0.43)
5.60
(0.37)
17.80
(0.39)
17.93
(0.48)
7.20
(0.43)
42.49
(0.42)
9.76
(0.57)
6.40
(0.49)
18.50
(0.42)
18.60
(0.51)
6.80
(0.45)
39.94
(0.44)
8.81 (0.47)
6.60
(0.39)
18.50
(0.37)
18.92
(0.40)
6.86
(0.35)
40.31
(0.48)
T4 (only dehydrated
BSF larvae)
32.23
(0.73)
11.40
(0.67)
37.02
(0.62)
5.08
(0.55)
2.45
(0.69)
11.82
(0.58)
62.00
(0.81)
7.00
(0.79)
16.00
(0.74)
3.00
(0.77)
3.20
(0.83)
9.00
(0.77)
*presumed fish meal protein percentage to be 56% but originally found 30%, hence, outcome was less than the required protein level
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Table 3. Growth response and feed utilization of tilapia fry fed prepared feed containing graded level of BSF larvae.
Treatment (MeanStdv)
Parameters
Initial length (cm)
Initial wt (g)
Final length (cm)
Final wt. (g)
Mean length gain (cm)
% length gain
Mean wt. gain (g)
% wt. gain
SGR1 (%/day)
FCR2
FCE
Production (tons/ha)
Survival (%)
T3 (50% fish
meal replaced
with BSFL)
4.040.08a
0.990.17a
11.770.24a
30.711.06a
7.730.25a
188.76.07a
29.720.95a
3064.13517.70a
3.7430.35a
1.70.2a
0.590.05a
28.160.27a
93.33
T4 (only
dehydrated
BSFL)
3.880.10b
0.880.10a
9.920.20c
21.690.30 c
6.020.07c
155.11.75c
20.250.49c
230656.22b
3.5570.04a
2.260.2a
0.440.04c
21.2520c
92.00
Level of
Significance
LSD
**
ns
**
**
**
**
**
*
ns
**
**
**
-
0.15
0.19
0.32
1.13
0.28
8.60
1.11
504.1
0.3368
0.02
0.02
0.51
-
CV
(%)
2.04
10.92
1.61
2.42
2.27
2.71
2.47
10.19
4.85
6.52
7.35
1.13
Values in a row having similar letter (s) or without letters do not differ significantly whereas values bearing the dissimilar letter (s) differ significantly as per DMRT. * and **
significant at 5% and 1% level of probability. ns- not significant.
1
Specific growth rate = (logeW2 - logeW1 100)/T2 - T1, where W2 = weight of fish at time T2 in days, W1 = weight of fish at time T1 in days, and loge = natural log to base e
2
Feed conversion ratio = wt dry feed fed (g)/live wt gain of fish (g)
45
46
8.
23.
24.
25.
26.
47