Q: Given a problematic phenomenon, why is it necessary to identify its causes?

Please provide at least 2 reasons.

Ans: In mid-late 2000's, Sandia National Laboratories encountered a problematic phenomenon
with their high-performance computing system. As the number of nodes in a system increases,
more and more time was spent on communication (unproductive) rather than computation
(productive) beyond what was expected. It is necessary to it identify causes because noise can
completely decrease the speed, accuracy and reliability.
It describes the back ground activities like checking for email or reading a keystroke that shortly
prevent important task at hand.
By running parallel application only runs as fast as but it will slow the process.

Q: What is/are the cause(s) of the phenomenon?

Ans: The software programs communication/computation ratio and the amount of collective
communications it uses as measured in bytes, an approach researchers had never before
considered. A programs communication/computation ratio is time spent computing relative to
time spent exchanging data with other programs processes that create noise. Collective
communications are network communications in which a group of nodes collaborate on an
operation. Noise represents work that must be done by the OS. The work must be done every so
often its frequency and takes time to accomplish its duration. The high performance and
parallel running of many tasks are the causes of these phenomenon.

Q: What is/are the research problem(s) formulated?

Ans: The Research problem formulated is Not all OS noise is created equal. Every type of noise
has a distinct pattern characterized by a certain frequency and duration. By studying how highperformance systems generate noise, the team found that certain applications absorb highfrequency, low-duration noise but amplify low-frequency, high-duration noise. Ferreira and his
group discovered that POP amplifies only high-duration, low-frequency noise, not highfrequency, low-duration noise. Differentiating OS noise based on frequency and duration meant
designing an out-of-the-box experiment with so-called kernel level noise injection.

Q: Is the following a legitimate research problem in this case? Please justify your
answer.
"How to eliminate noises?"

Ans: It is not possible to eliminate noises but we can reduce the noise as much as possible. A
very low native noise signature it can be controlled, interrupting an application only when
requested to do so. parallel applications tend to be less impacted when larger tasks that run for a
long time less often are broken down into smaller tasks that run for a short time more often. Its
better for the OS to take lots of small bites than one big bite in order to reduce noise as much as
possible.