MATH 211 CONCEPTS I NEED TO BE ABLE TO TEACH/UNDERSTAND USING EXAMPLES

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Decipher between coefficient, constant, and augmented matrices

Characteristics of a Row-Echelon Matrix
Solving for the leading variables in terms of the parameters (backwards substitution)
Gaussian elimination
When a system of linear equations can have a) no solutions b) infinitely many solutions c) a
unique solution
Rank of matrix, number of variables (n) and number of equations (m)
Characteristics of a homogenous system (trivial solutions,
Trivial solutions
How to find basic solutions to the homogeneous system (slide 55)
Size of matrix (If a matrix has size 1 x n we call it a row matrix, m x 1 called a column matrix,
and n x n a square matrix)
Matrix addition and subtraction is only defined for matrices with the same size
Properties of addition
Let A, B, and C be m x n matrices
- A+B=B+A
- (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
- A+0=A
- A + (-A) = 0
Let A, B be m x n matrices and let k, p E R (scalars).
- k (A + B) = kA + kB
- (k + p)A = kA + pA
- K(pA) = (kp)A
- 1A = A
Matrix multiplication (left and right) conditions for matrices A and B (Slide 67)
Writing a system of linear equations in the form AX = B
AB = b1A1 + + bnAn or AB = A1b1 + === + Anbn
Properties of matrix multiplication (Slide 84)
Let A, B be n x n matrices. If AB = BA, we say A commutes with B. Do example on Slide 90
Matrix transposition properties
- (AT)T = A
- (rA)T = rAT
- (A + B)T = AT + BT
- (AC)T = CTAT
Square matrix and main diagonals
Symmetric matrix A square matrix A is called symmetric if and only if AT = A.
Skew symmetric A square matrix A is called skew symmetric if and only if AT = -A. Do
example on Slide 101
Identity matrix
106 counterexample

MATH 211 THEOREMS I NEED TO KNOW BY HEART

a1
b1
a
2
1. Suppose both
, b 2 are solutions of a homogeneous system of linear equations, then
an
bn
their sum is also a solution.

a1
2. Suppose a 2 is a solution of a homogeneous system of linear equations, then its multiple is
an
also a solution.
3. Suppose columns X1, X2, Xp are all solutions of a homogeneous system of linear equations,
then any linear combination of them is also a solution of the system.
4. For homogeneous system of linear equations, one can always select finitely many solutions, so
that all the other solutions will be some linear combinations of the selected ones.
5. A system of linear equations AX = B is consistent (has a solution) if and only if B is a linear
combination of the columns in A. Solve Slide 78
6. Let A be an m x n matrix. Then AIn = A and ImA = A. Solve Slide 104