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Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents
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Anoveldustlesschalkandprocessofmaking
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WO2011141936A1
Application
PCT/IN2011/000334
Nov17,2011
May12,2011
May13,2010
Inventors
MadanmohanKhannaSanjeev
lengthanddiameter.Aprocessofmakingdustlesschalkcomprisesstepof
Applicant
Kores(India)Limited
preparingcalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%andCalciumsulphatehemi
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hydrate30%to70%mixingwithpolyhydrocompound.Thesaidcompositionis
treatedwithairremovingagentwhilechalkismadeintheknownwaythesaid
PatentCitations(2),NonPatentCitations(2),Referencedby(2),
Classifications(3),LegalEvents(3)
compositionistreatedwithairremovingagentmaintainuniformityandstrengthof
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WO2011141936A1
ABSTRACT
Theinventionrelatestoadustlesschalk,havingcylindricalshapewithspecified
chalk.Alsothesaidcompositionistreatedwithpolyhydrocompoundtoprevent
releaseofdustparticle
DESCRIPTION
CLAIMS (4)
TITLE
WECLAIM:
ANOVELDUSTLESSCHALKANDPROCESSOFMAKINGTHESAME
1.Adustlesschalk,havingcylindricalshapewithspecifiedlengthanddiameter,
FIELDOFTHEINVENTION:
madeofcompositionscomprising:calciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%and
Presentinventionrelatestodustlesschalkandprocessforthepreparationof
same.Moreparticularlypresentinventionrelatestodustlesschalkandprocess
forthepreparationofsamebyusingthepolyhydrocompoundsalongwiththe
otherchemicallyactivecompounds.
BACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTION:
Teachers,studentsandpeoplegivingpresentations,commonlyuseschoolboard
chalks.Thesearetaperedindesignfromoneendtoanotherendby1.53.0mm.
Calciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%mixedwithpolyhydrocompound
thesaidcompositionistreatedwithairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityand
strengthofchalk.
2.Aprocessofmakingdustlesschalkcomprisesstepof
I.gypsumheatedbetween100Cand150C(302F)partiallydehydrates
themineralbydrivingoffapproximately75%ofthewatercontainedinits
chemicalstructuretoformcalciumsulphatehemihydrate.
Onusethesechalkssoilthehandandleavinglooseparticleswhicharereleased
m.thesaidcalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%ofstep(a)ismixed
inairduringwriting.Theseparticlesfloatintheairandenterinhumanbodyby
withthecalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60
inhalationresultinginvariousrespiratoryailments.PRIORART:
Inpriorarttherearenodustlesschalksavailableinthemarketandthepresent
inventionisaltogetheranewproduct.Thechalksavailableinthemarkethave
thetendencyofmoresoilingofhands.Itistypicallyseenthattheexistingchalks
arenotecofriendly.Itisalsoseenthatthechalksavailablearepollutingthe
n.addingthepolyhydrocompoundtothesaidmixerofstep(b)
o.thoroughlymixingthesaidmixerofstep(c)inamixingapparatusinthe
knownway
p.preparingslurryofthesaidmixerofstep(d)
environmenttherebyresultinginvariousrespiratoryailments.
q.addingairremovingagenttothesaidslurryofstep(e)
ThedocumentCN101831218(A)theinventionrelatestoanenvironmentfriendly
dustlessbiochemicalchalkandamakingmethodthereof.Theenvironment
r.pouringthesaidslurrymaterialofstep(f)inawellpreparedmouldfor
friendlydustlessbiochemicalchalkismadeofmainmaterialsandauxiliary
part!asetting
materials,whereinthemainmaterialscomprisethefollowingcomponentsin
partsbyweight:1020partsofcalciumcarbonate,913partsofcastoroil,6.5
8.5partsofbeanoil,56partsofcoconutoil,1416partsofsurfactant,4.55.5
s.ejectionofchalksbypressingtheejectionrods
t.collectionofchalksformedinstep(h)inatray
partsofmagnesiumcarbonateand3.23.8partsofparaffinandtheauxiliary
materialscomprisethe
u.thedryingthesaidchalksofstep(i)inthetray
lfollowingcomponentsinpartsbyweight:2545partsoftitaniumpigment
v.thepackingthesaiddriedchalksofstep(j)andreadyfordispatch.
powder,23partsofglyceroland03partsofpigment.Theobtaineddustless
biochemicalchalkhasfineandflexiblequality,smoothwritingandbrightcolor
andisnoteasilybroken,furthermore,theproducthasclearcharactersandeasy
identificationnomattertheproductisdryorwetandiswrittenonablackboard,a
3.theprocessasclaimedinclaim2whereinthetemperatureandtime
neededforformingcalciumsulphatehemihydratedependonambient
partialpressureofH2O.
glassorthesurfaceofanysubstance,andmostimportantofall,nodustoccurs
4.Theprocessasclaimedinclaim2whereinthehydrophobicmould
inthewritinganderasingprocesses.Butthesechalkswritingonblackboard
releaseagentisusedinmouldwhilemoldingchalks.
cannotbeeasilyerasedbydrydusterasitcontainsoilybasedauxiliary
components.Themaincomponentofknownchalkiscalciumcarbonate
(CaCCb),aformoflimestone.Limestonedepositsdevelopascoccoliths(minute
calcareousplatescreatedbythedecompositionofplanktonskeletons)accumulate,formingsedimentarylayers.Plankton,a
tinymarineorganism,concentratesthecalciumfoundnaturallyinseawaterfrom.04percentto40percent,whichisthen
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Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents
precipitatedwhentheplanktondies.
Inthepriorartchalkisgenerallymanufacturedasfollows:
Oncecomparativelylargechunksoflimestonehavebeenquarried,andtheyarepulverizedtomeetthedemandsofthe
chalkindustry.Thefirststepisprimarycrushing.Variouscrushersexist,buttheprincipleisthesame:allcompressthe
stonewithjawsoracone,orshatteritthroughimpact.Secondarycrushingisaccomplishedbysmallercrushersthatwork
athigherspeeds,producingpebbleswhicharethengroundandpulverized.Thenextphase,wetgrinding,washesaway
impurities.Itisusedtomakethefinegradeoflimestonenecessarytomakechalksuitableforwritingpurposes.Wet
grindingiscarriedoutinballmillsrotatingsteeldrumswithsteelballsinsidethatpulverizethechalkuntilitisveryfine.
Gypsum,likelimestone,isalsoquarriedandpulverized.Themajordifferenceinprocessinggypsumisthatitmustbe
dehydratedtoformcalciumsulfate,themajorcomponentofcolouredchalk.Thisisdoneinakettle,alargecombustion
chamberinwhichthegypsumisheatedtobetween244and253degreesFahrenheit(116121degreesCelsius).Itisallowed
toboiluntilithasbeenreducedbytwelvetofifteenpercent,atwhichpointitswatercontentwillhavebeenreducedfrom
20.9percenttobetween5and6percent.Tofurtherreducethewater,thegypsumisreheatedtoabout402degrees
Fahrenheit(204degreesCelsius),atwhichpointitisremovedfromthekettle.Bynow,almostallofthewaterhas
evaporated,leavingcalciumsulfate.
Theparticlesofchalkorcalciumsulfatearenowconveyedtovibratingscreensthatsiftoutthefinermaterial.Theensuing
finechalkisthenwashed,dried,packedinbags,andshippedtothemanufacturer.Uponreceivingchalkorcalciumsulfate,
thechalkfactoryusuallygrindsthematerialsagaintorenderthemsmoothanduniformlyfine.
Tomakewhiteclassroomchalk,themanufactureraddswatertoformathickslurrywiththeconsistencyofclay.Theslurry
isthenplacedintoandextrudedfromadieanorificeofthedesiredlong,thinshape.Cutintolengthsofapproximately
24.43inches(62centimeters),thesticksarenextplacedonasheetthatcontainsplacesforfivesuchsticks.Thesheetis
thenplacedinanoven,wherethechalkcuresforfourdaysat188degreesFahrenheit(85degreesCelsius).Afterithas
cured,thesticksarecutintospecifiedlengths.Thechalksoobtainedarenotdustlesschalkandhazardoustohealth.
Inthepriorartprocessthereisnofeatureformakingdustlesschalk.OBJECTOFTHEPRESENTINVENTION:
Objectofthepresentinventionaimsatdevelopingdustlesschalkandprocessforthepreparationofsame.
Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovidechalksthatareuserfriendly.Yetanotherobjectofthepresent
inventionistoprovidechalkscapableofreleasingquantityrequiredforwriting/markingonly.
Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoeliminatethelimitationsanddrawbacksoftheexistingchalksbyeliminating
thesoilingofthechalks.STATEMENTOFINVENTION:
Accordinglyinventionprovidesthedustlesschalk,havingcylindricalshapewithspecifiedlengthanddiameter,madeof
compositionscomprising:calciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%andCalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%mixed
withpolyhydroccrr.poundthesaidcompositionistreatedwithairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityandstrengthof
chalk.
Accordinglyinventionalsoprovidesaprocessofmakingdustlesschalkcomprisesstepof
a.gypsumheatedbetween100Cand150C(302F)partiallydehydratesthemineralbydrivingoffapproximately75%of
thewatercontainedinitschemicalstructuretoformcalciumsulphatehemihydrate.
b.thesaidcalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%ofstep(a)ismixedwiththecalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to
60%
c.addingthepolyhydrocompoundtothesaidmixerofstep(b)
d.thoroughlymixingthesaidmixtureofstep(c)inamixingapparatusintheknownway
e.preparingslurryofthesaidmixtureofstep(d)
f.addingairremovingagenttothesaidslurryofstep(e)
g.pouringthesaidslurrymaterialofstep(f)inawellpreparedmouldforpartialsetting
h.ejectionofchalksbypressingtheejectionrods
i.collectionofchalksformedinstep(h)inatray
j.thedryingthesaidchalksofstep(i)inthetray
k.thepackingthesaiddriedchalksofstep(j)andreadyfordispatch.
DRAWING
TheinventionisdescribedwithfigureoftheaccompanyingdrawingwhereinFigure1showstheflowsheetofprocessof
makingdustlesschalkaccordingtoinvention.BRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFTHEINVENTION:
TheinventedDustlessChalkiscylindricalinshapeunlikeothers,whicharetaperedfromoneendtoanotherby1.5to2.0
mm.Thecylindricalshapehasuniformstrengththroughoutthelength,whileincaseoftaperedshapestrengthchanges
TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,and
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Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents
acrossthelengthasdiameterofchalkvaries.Itincreasesbreakagefrequencyofchalkintaperedshape,whilebreakingof
JapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
chalkgetsminimizedincylindricalshape.TheChalk,whenusedforwritingonwellmaintainedSchoolboardsreleasesonly
desiredquantityformarkingthesubstrateandiserasablewithdrypieceofcloth.Itisformulatedinsuchawaythatexcess
particles,ifreleasedduetoextraforceinwriting,falldirectlyonthegroundundergravitationalforceanddonotdispersein
theairduetowhichchalkparticlesdonotenterhumanbodythroughinhalationresultinginuserfriendlycharacteristicsA
novelDustlesschalkandprocessforthepreparationofsameaccordingtothepresentinvention,usesCalciumsulphatedi
hydrate,Calciumsulphatehemihydrate,airremovingagents,andPolyhydrocompoundinthepredefinedproportion.
Thepreferredembodimentofthedustlesschalkscomprisesofthefollowing:
PresentinventioncontainsCalciumsulphatedihydratenotlessthan20%andnotmorethan60%.
PresenlinventioncontainsCalciumsulphatehemihydratenotlessthan30%andnotmorethan70%.
Presentinventionusesairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityandstrengthofchalk.
PresentinventionusesPolyhydrocompoundtopreventreleaseofdustparticleswhichdisperseinair.
Presentinventionuseshydrophobicmouldreleaseagent,whichdoesnotaffectsthepropertiesofproduct.Thedustless
chalkishavingcylindricalshapewithspecifiedlengthanddiameter,madeofcompositionscomprising:calciumsulphatedi
hydrate20%to60%andCalciumsulphdiehemihydrate30%to70%mixedwithpolyhydrocompoundthesaid
compositionistreatedwithairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityandstrengthofchalk.
AirremovingayentisanadditivewhichdisplacesentrappedairinpowderparticlesandmakeschalksmorecompactAir
removingagentisanadditivewhichdisplacesentrappedairinpowderparticlesandmakeschalksmorecompact
Theprocesssteps:Heatinggypsumtobetween100Cand150C(302F)partiallydehydratesthemineralbydrivingoff
approximately75%ofthewatercontainedinitschemicalstructure.Thetemperatureandtimeneededdependonambient
partialpressureofH20.Temperaturesashighas170Careusedinindustrialcalcination,butatthesetemperatures
anhydritebeginstoform.Thereactionforthepartialdehydrationis:
CaS02H20+heatCaS04H20+1H20(steam)
ThepartiallydehydratedmineraliscalledcalciumsulfatehemihydrateorcalcinedgypsumThedehydration(specifically
knownascalcination)beginsatapproximately80C(176F),althoughindryair,somedehydrationwilltakeplacealready
at50C.Theheatenergydeliveredtothegypsumatthistime(theheatofhydration)tendstogointodrivingoffwater(as
watervapor)ratherthanincreasingthetemperatureofthemineral,whichrisesslowlyuntilthewaterisgone,thenincreases
morerapidly.
Incontrasttomostminerals,whichwhenrehydratedsimplyformliquidorsemiliquidpastes,orremainpowdery,calcined
gypsumhasanunusualproperty:whenmixedwithwateratnormal(ambient)temperatures,itquicklyrevertschemicallyto
thepreferreddihydrateform,whilephysically"setting"toformarigidandrelativelystronggypsumcrystallattice:
CaSCvH20+1H20CaS042H20
Thisreactionisexothermicandisresponsiblefortheeasewithwhichgypsumcanbecastintovariousshapesincluding
sheets(fordrywall),sticks(forblackboardchalk),andmolds(toimmobilizebrokenbones,orformetalcasting).Mixedwith
polymers,ithasbeenusedasabonerepaircement.Smallamountsofcalcinedgypsumareaddedtoearthtocreatestrong
structuresdirectlyfromcastearth,analternativetoadobe(whichlosesitsstrengthwhenwet).Theconditionsof
dehydrationcanbechangedtoadjusttheporosityofthehemihydrate,resultinginthesocalledalphaandbetahemihydrates
(whicharemoreorlesschemicallyidentical).
Referringtofigure1whichisprocessflowdiagram,Thegypsumtreatedasdescribedabc.etoformcalciumsulphatehemi
hydrate.Thesaidcalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%ismixedwiththecalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%.
Thepolyhydrocompoundisaddedtothetothesaidmixerofstep(b).Themixerofcalciumsulphatehemihydrateand
calciumsulphatedihydrateandpolyhydrocompoundthoroughlymixedinamixingapparatusintheknownway.Theslurry
ismadebyaddingwatertothesaidthoroughlymixedmixture.Theairremovingagentisaddedtothesaidslurry.Thesaid
slurryispouredinawellpreparedmouldforpartialsetting.Thehydrophobicmouldreleaseagentisusedinthemould.The
chalksejectedfromthemouldbypressingtheejectionrods.Thechalksejectedfrommouldarecollectedinatrayanddried.
Whenfullydriedpackedandkeptreadyfordispatch.
ADVANTAGESOFTHEPRESENTINVENTION:
Itisevidentvisuallyduringwritingtestcarriedoutthatreleaseofdustparticlesisless'ninventedchalksandfloating
particlesarealsonegligibleincomparisontopriorartchalks.
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Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents
LesssoilingofhandsincomparisontoexistingmouldedschoolboardchalksControlledreleaseofchalkparticlesduring
writing.
Releasedparticlesdirectlyfallonthesurfaceundergravitationalforceanddonotfloatintheair.
PATENT CITATIONS
CitedPatent
Filingdate
Publicationdate
Applicant
Title
CN1078686A*
May18,1992
Nov24,1993
Nontoxicandnondustychalkanditsprocess
JPH01203484A*
Titlenotavailable
*Citedbyexaminer
NON-PATENT CITATIONS
Reference
DATABASEWPIWeek198939,14September2011DerwentPublicationsLtd.,London,GBAN1989280949&JP1203484A(HAGOROMO
BUNGUKK)16August1989
DATABASEWPIWeek199711,14September2011DerwentPublicationsLtd.,London,GBAN1997109536&CN1078686A(LIFFI)24
November1993
*Citedbyexaminer
REFERENCED BY
CitingPatent
Filingdate
Publicationdate
Applicant
Title
CN102673246A*
May16,2012
Sep19,2012
Dustfreechalkmachiningdeviceandusemethodthereof
CN103468062A*
Aug30,2013
Dec25,2013
Neodymiumironboronmagneticchalk
*Citedbyexaminer
CLASSIFICATIONS
InternationalClassification
C09D13/00
CooperativeClassification
C09D13/00
EuropeanClassification
C09D13/00
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