GERMINATION GREEN BEAN MEDIA COTTON WET

BACKGROUND
One characteristic organsime is growing and growing. Both of these life events can
not be separated because the process run concurrently. Growth is defined as the increase of
the size or volume and number of cells irreversibly. Irreversible intention was not able to
return to the initial state. While development is a process towards maturity. Growth in plants
is divided into several stages, germination is followed by growth in the primary and
secondary growth. Germination is the process of the emergence of small plants from seed.
For that you need to know how it happened and its germination process conditions conditions on sprouts given by a factor - a factor of germination
AIM
1) Knowing the growth and development tumubuhan green beans.
2) Knowing the type of plant germination green beans.
3) Knowing the factors - factors that affect the growth of the green beans.
THEORETICAL BASIS
A. Understanding Growth and Development
One characteristic of the organism is growing and growing. Both activities of life can
not be separated because the process run concurrently. Growth is a process of increasing
the size of the covering volume, mass, height irreversible. Irreversible intention was not
able to return to the initial state. Growth is a quantitative as it can be measured or can be
expressed in terms of numbers.
The development is a process towards maturity or terspesialisasinya cells - the cells
toward specific structure and function / process changes shape (morphogenesis). The
development is qualitative because it can not be expressed in units of measure or can not
be expressed in terms of numbers.
B. Germination
Germination is the process of growth and development of the embryo or emergence
plantula (small plants from the seed). Growth in plants is divided into several stages,
germination is followed by growth in the primary and secondary growth.
Germination is often regarded as the beginning of plant life. Germination occurs because
radicle growth (potential stem). Radicle grows downward into the roots while plumula
grow up into a rod.
Germination is marked by the emergence of the sprouts, the smaller plants and
surviving on food supplies that are in the seeds. There are four main parts to the seeds
germinate, the rod body (kaulikulus), embryonic root (root organization), the cotyledons
(leaves the institution), and sprout (plumula). Cotyledons are food reserves at the sprouts
because at the time of germination, the plant can not perform photosynthesis. Water is an
absolute necessity for germination.

The first stage of germination is the absorption of water quickly in imbibisi.

Berimbibisi water that causes the seeds to swell and break the coverings and also trigger
metabolic changes in the embryo so that the seeds continue to grow. Enzymes - enzymes
will begin to digest the material - the material stored in the cotyledons, and nutrient nutrientnya moved to the growing embryo. Enzymes involved in digestion of food
reserves is the enzyme amylase, beta-amylase and protease. Gibberellin hormone plays
an important role for the activity and synthesize the enzyme - the enzyme.

C. Type Germination
1) Germination epigeal
Germination resulting cotyledon raised to the ground. This is caused by the growing
hypocotyl elongated. As a result, plumula and cotyledons pushed to the ground, for
example on the germination of mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) and groundnut
(Arachis hypogaea).

2) Germination hypogeal
Germination resulting cotyledons remain embedded in the ground. This is caused by
the growth extends from epikotil that causes plumula out to penetrate the seed coat

and appeared on the ground, while the cotyledons remain in the soil, for example on
the germination of peas (Pisum sativum), corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa)

D. Primary Growth
Primary growth is caused by the growth of the primary activities of the growing point.
The primary growth in the root tip and the tip of the rod can be divided into three areas:
1) The area of cell division, are at the root tip. Cells - the cells in this area actively
dividing (meristematic nature).
2) The extension of the cell, located behind the cleavage area. Cells - the cells in this
area have the ability to enlarge and elongate.
3) The area of cell differentiation, is an area of the cell - the cell berdefisiasi into cells cells that have special functions and structures.

E. Secondary Growth
Secondary growth dalah growth caused by activities that are meristematic cambium. The
growth of secondary causes stem diameter increases. Secondary growth occurs only in
dicots and gymnosperms. Activity cambium division leads to the outside and the inside.
Cambium activity both directions resulting in thicker and large diameter rod.
F. Factors - Factors Influencing Growth External factors:
1) Sunlight
Light is indispensable for the growth is mainly related to the process of
photosynthesis, but also inhibits the growth of light. Growth will be faster if the plant
is placed in a dark place
2) Water
Water serves as a medium for chemical reactions in the cell. In addition, the water
support the process of photosynthesis and retain moisture.
3) Nutrition

Nutrients are needed by plants as an energy source. Nutrition can be an element of

macro and micro elements.
4) Temperature
Effect on growth as it relates to the activity of the enzyme and the water content in the
plant body.
5) Humidity
The humidity is very influential on growth especially for seed germination.
Internal factors:
1. Hormone
Auxin
:

Cytokines :

Giberelin:

Gas ethylene:

abscisic acid :

elongation,
division,
and
differentiation
stimulating the activity of the cambium.
stimulate cell division.
Enlargement stimulates stem and root
cause stunted plants become normal.
stimulate the growth of the giant.
inhibits root development.
inhibits the formation of flowers
accelerate the aging process leaves
cause of dormancy in seeds

of

cells.

MATERIALS AND TOOLS

4 cups aqua plastic
Cotton
40 green beans
Water
Ruler
Pen
WAYS OF WORKING
1) Green beans soaked in water overnight.
2) Prepare 4 glasses aqua plastic and where three of them have been given the cotton that
had poured water, and 1 more cup is placed in the bathroom Cotton is not spilled the
water.
3) Each glass is marked with the label UNDER TREE, UNDER THE CABINET, UNDER
DESK and IN BATHROOM.
4) Green beans that have been soaked overnight in 4 cups placed in the aqua. Each - each
glass contains 10 green beans.
5) Place the glass aqua which has been labeled the place in accordance with the label.
6) Every day 3 of 4 of these plants drops of water.
7) Then observe daily changes in root length, stem length, leaf number, and leaf color as
long as 10 days.

OBSERVATION RESULT

LABEL "UNDER THE TREE"

DAY
LONG

10

0,25
0,5
0,5
0,5
1
1
0
0
0
0

3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0

3
3
3
3
1,5
1
0,5
0,5
0
0

3,5
3,5
3,5
3,5
1,5
1,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5

3,5
4,5
4
4
2,5
2
1
1
1
1

5,5
6,5
5
5
4,5
2,5
2,5
1,5
1,5
1,5

8
8,5
7,5
7
6
4,5
3
2
2,5
2

12
12
10
8
7
6
5
3,5
3
2,5

16
15
15
14
14
10
9
5
4
2,5

17
16
16
16
16
14
15
7,5
5
3

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0

2
2
2
2
1
0
1
1
0
0

2
2
2
2
1
0
1
1
0
0

2
2
2
2
1
0
1
1
0
0

3
2
2
3
1
0
1
1
0
1

3
2
2
3
1
0
1
2
0
1

STEAM
(cm)
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6
Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10
NUMBER
OF LEAVES
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6
Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10

LABEL "UNDER THE TABLE"

DAY
LONG

10

0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
1
1
1
1
0

0,5
0,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
2
2
3
3
0

0,5
0,5
2
2
2
2,5
2,5
3
3
0,5

1
1
3,5
3,5
4
4,5
5
6
5
Rot

1,5
2
5
4
5,5
6,5
6
7,5
8,5
Rot

2
3,5
7,5
6,5
7
8
8,5
9,5
11
Rot

2,5
3,5
9
8
8,5
10,5
11
11,5
13,5
Rot

3,5
4
10,5
10
11
13,5
13,5
14
15
Rot

4
4,5
12
11,5
13
15
15
16
17
Rot

4
5
13
15
15
16
16
18
19
Rot

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0

1
1
0
0
0
0

2
1
0
0
1
1

2
1
1
0
1
1

2
2
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
1
2

2
2
2
2
1
2

STEAM
(cm)
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6
Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10
NUMBER
OF LEAVES
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6

Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0

1
0
0
0

1
0
0
0

1
1
1
0

2
1
1
0

LABEL "UNDER THE CLOSET"

DAY
LONG

10

0,5
0,5
0,3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

3,5
2
2,5
2
3
1,5
2
1,5
0
0

6
4,5
4
3,5
4,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
0
0

9
6
5,5
4
5
3
3,5
2,5
0
0

11
8
9
5,5
6
4,5
4
3
Dry
Dry

13
10
10,5
7,5
7
5,5
5
4
Dry
Dry

14
11,5
12
9
9
7
6
5,5
Dry
Dry

16
13,5
14
11,5
10,5
8,5
7,5
6,5
Dry
Dry

18
15
15
12
11
10
8
7
Dry
Dry

19
17
16
14
13
12
10
9
Dry
Dry

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0

2
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0

2
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
0
0

2
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
0
0

2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
0

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
0

3
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
0
0

STEAM
(cm)
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6
Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10
NUMBER
OF LEAVES
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6
Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10

LABEL "IN BATHROOM"

DAY
LONG

10

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

STEAM
(cm)
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6
Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10
NUMBER

OF LEAVES
Seeds 1
Seeds 2
Seeds 3
Seeds 4
Seeds 5
Seeds 6
Seeds 7
Seeds 8
Seeds 9
Seeds 10

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

DISCUSSION
Based on the research I have done is known that the growth and development of the
green bean plants in each different place that is under the table, under cupboards, under trees
and in the bathroom a lot perbedaan.Tanaman beans on trial in the bathroom did not develop
differently with green beans on trial in other places is very flourish even looks like green pea
plants developed than in the bathroom.
Green pea plants in the experiment under the tree looks like a normal, nice fulmula
and radikula not appear significantly germination after planting. Green pea plants in the
experiment under the trees do not grow normally as was supposed to happen like plants on
trial in the room look more fertile when it is not exposed to direct sunlight. However, faster
germination. In contrast to the experiments under a tree which is very slow germination.
Plants have the optimum temperature to be able to grow and flourish. The optimum
temperature to be able to grow and develop. The optimum temperature is the temperature of
the most good for plant growth are ideal. In addition to the optimum temperature, the plant
also has a maximum temperature and the minimum that can be accepted by him. The
maximum temperature is the highest temperature memungkinkantumbuhan can still survive.
The minimum temperature is the lowest temperature at which memunngkinkan plants
survive.
CONCLUSION
From the above experiments, could be said that:

Plant green beans experiencing the most rapid growth is the green beans are grown at
temperatures vulnerable 240C - 300C (indoor).
A good temperature for the growth and development of green beans range between 23 0C320 C.
Growth and development of green beans in addition affected by temperature or
temperature is influenced by the nutrients, light, water and humidity.

SUGGESTION
Choose green beans healthy to be investigated, so that growth and development is more
easily observed.