3. During _____ images sometimes appear, as if we were viewing still photos.

stage 1 sleep
4. _____ is the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside
stimulation.
Stage 4 sleep
5. In general terms, how do brain waves change as a sleeper progresses from stage 1 sleep to
stage 4 sleep?
The brain waves become slower.
6. Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep and dreaming?
The major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed during REM sleep.
7. Which of the following statements is true of dreams occurring in REM sleep and NREM
sleep?
Dreams occur in NREM sleep, but less frequently than in REM sleep; NREM dreams are
also less vivid than are dreams in REM sleep.
8. REM sleep is paradoxical because:
the brain is active, but the major skeletal muscles appear to be paralyzed.
9. Anya pulled all-nighters both last night and the night before. Tonight, finally, she anticipates
going to bed at her usual time. Which of the following alternatives MOST accurately describes
and identifies what Anya is likely to experience?
Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This
phenomenon is called rebound.
10. Most people today sleep between _____ hours each night.
7-8
11. _____ are unusually frightening dreams, that occur fairly often.
Nightmares
12. Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams represent unconscious desires that dreamers want to see
fulfilled is known as _____.
unconscious wish fulfillment theory
13. According to Freud, the _____ content of dreams is the "disguised" meanings of dreams,
hidden by more obvious subjects.
Latent
14. Which of the following psychologists is correctly matched with a theory of the function of
dreams?
Freud unconscious wish-fulfillment theory

15. According to the _____ dreams permit us to reconsider and reprocess during sleep
information that is critical for our daily survival.
dreams-for-survival theory
17. The _____ focuses on the random electrical energy that the brain produces during REM
sleep, possibly as a result of changes in the production of particular neurotransmitters.
activation-synthesis theory
18. Which figure best approximates the proportion of people afflicted by insomnia?
1/3
19. Which sleep disturbance is correctly matched with its description?
Sleep apnea difficulty breathing during sleep
20. _____ is/are sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that is accompanied by extreme fear,
panic, and strong physiological arousal.
Night terrors
21. Four-year old DeMarcus falls asleep shortly after his 8:30 p.m. bedtime. At about 9:45, he
suddenly sits up in bed, breathing rapidly and appearing to be in a state of sheer panic. DeMarcus
is experiencing:
Night terrors
23. Which of the following is true of daydreams?
They are under one's control to a greater extent than dreams that occur during sleep.
24. Which of the following solutions will help overcome insomnia?
Exercising during the day
25. Irv can't sleep, so he makes himself a cup of warm milk. Will this work?
Yes. Milk contains tryptophan, which promotes sleep.
26. William James described the human mind as a
stream of consciousness.
27. An individual's awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of
arousal is called
Consciousness
28. Thomas seems unaware that his mom has been calling him for the last five minutes. He is
playing his video game and about to move to the last level. What is Thomas demonstrating?
Selective attention
29. The teacher has called on Sarah four times, yet she has not responded or acknowledged the
teacher in anyway. She has a slight smile on her face. What is Sarah demonstrating?
Daydreaming

30. Kathy says that when she meditates, she feels like she becomes one with the universe. Kathy
experiences ________ during her meditative sessions.
an altered state of consciousness
31. What do drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation have in common?
They produce altered states of consciousness.
32. According to Freud, ________ mental processes occur without a person being aware of them.
Unconscious
33. The 24-hour biological cycle that regulates our pattern of sleep is referred to as
circadian rhythm.
34. A class project required a student nurse to make hourly records of her own blood pressure
and body temperature over a 30-day period. When the data were graphed, it became clear that
these readings changed in a predictable way on a daily basis. The reason for this regularity is that
many physiological processes are
governed by circadian rhythms.
35. Your friend Helen works the night shift at the local grocery store every other day. She has
trouble sleeping, which is most likely due to
the fact that her circadian rhythms do not follow a 24-hour cycle.
37. Psychological research on sleep and memory has found that staying up all night to study for
an exam is likely to
decrease memory performance.
38. Which of the following best characterizes a night of sleep?
Our depth of sleep alternates up and down many times.
39. Dreams occurring during ________ sleep are briefer, less vivid, and less emotionally charged
compared to those that occur during ________ sleep.
non-REM; REM
40. Sleepwalking occurs during ________ of the sleep cycle.
stages 3 and 4
41. Night terrors typically occur
during non-REM sleep.
42. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by
irresistible urges to fall asleep.
43. Narcolepsy is a disorder involving

periodic attacks of uncontrollable sleep attacks.

44. During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reed suddenly lapsed into a stage
of REM sleep. Mr. Reed apparently suffers from
narcolepsy.
45. Grandpa is napping in his recliner and snoring loudly. When he suddenly stops snoring, you
look to see if he is OK. He appears to not be breathing. For a moment you wonder if he's dead,
but suddenly he snorts and resumes snoring. Grandpa appears to suffer from
sleep apnea.
47. Kevin suffers from sleep apnea. With this condition, he reawakens as often as 500 times
during the night due to
a lack of oxygen.
48. According to Sigmund Freud, dreams are
our unconscious desires that we wish to fulfill.
49. Gary turned to his wife when he woke up and said, "You won't believe this dream I had. I
was being chased by men in suits who were riding horses. They had long narrow briefcases and
they were trying to run me down!" If Gary related his dream to a psychodynamic therapist, they
would tell him that what he was really dreaming about not being able to pay his bills. Which
element in this scenario represents the manifest content of the dream?
Gary running for his life
50. According to activation-synthesis theory, dreams
reflect the brain's efforts to make sense out of neural activity that occurs during sleep.
How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep
stages?
90 minutes
Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night. It is most likely that
Mr. Owens suffers from
sleep apnea.
Depressants are drugs that:
Slow down nervous system