1.

Which figure best approximates the number of people in the United States who are
overweight?
200 million
2. In the U.S., about _____% of the population is overweight; nearly _____% are obese.
65; 25
3. People with a BMI greater than 30 are considered:
Obese
4. Society's view of the ideal body:
varies from one culture to another.
5. _____ leads the body to store excess sugar in the blood as fats and carbohydrates.
Insulin
6. Which of the following biological hunger regulators is CORRECTLY identified and
described?
Ghrelin - communicates hunger to the brain
7. Charlotte meets Will, an old high school friend, at a party and is startled to learn his weight
increased from 150 to 280 pounds in the year since his automobile accident. Damage to which
hypothalamic nucleus might account for his weight gain?
Ventromedial
8. _____ is the rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body.
Metabolism
9. When is the set point for weight established during an individual's life?
During the first year of life
10. _____ is a severe eating disorder in which people may refuse to eat while denying that their
behavior and appearancewhich can become skeleton-likeare unusual.
Anorexia nervosa
11. Meghan is bulimic. Which of the following statements is MOST LIKELY to be accurate?
Meghan is neither more nor less likely than other individuals of her age to be overweight.
12. As many as _____ of women suffer from bulimia at some point in their lives.
10%
13. In what way do the results of brain-scanning studies support or discredit biological and
environmental contributions to anorexia nervosa and bulimia?
They support biological contributions to anorexia nervosa because the brains of anorexics
responded differently to food stimuli than did the brains of healthy individuals.

14. How often should you exercise?

At least 30 consecutive minutes, three times each week
15. Each semester, during advising week, Dylan asks his faculty advisor to identify the easiest
courses and teachers that would satisfy his degree requirements. Dylan's need for achievement is
probably:
Low
16. The _____ is an interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with other people.
Need for affiliation
17. Larissa is highly invested in initiating and maintaining relationships. She is high in the need
for:
Affiliation
18. The _____ is a tendency to seek impact, control, or influence over others and to be seen as an
influential individual.
need for power
19. _____ refers to the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other
organisms.
Motivation
20. Declan, a PhD candidate, tells his department's undergraduate student organization that his
dissertation research is in the area of motivation. Declan is investigating:
the factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.
21. When psychologists first tried to explain motivation, they turned to _____.
Instincts
22. Which of the following statements best expresses the fate of instinct approaches to
motivation within mainstream psychology?
Instinct approaches to motivation still play a role in certain theories, especially those based on
evolutionary approaches that focus on our genetic inheritance.
23. The first two theoretical approaches to motivation that attained prominence in the history of
modern psychology were:
the instinct approach, then the drive-reduction approach.
24. Drive-reduction approaches first appeared in the psychology of motivation in the:
1940s
25. Which approach to motivation is CORRECTLY paired with a behavior to which it is
especially appropriate?
Drive-reductioneating

26. Motivational tension that energizes behavior to fulfill a need is termed a(n):
Drive
27. To which of the following behaviors is drive theory LEAST applicable?
Studying long hours
28. Does drive theory offer a comprehensive account of motivation? Why or why not?
No. Drive theory offers a satisfactory explanation of physiological motives, but fails to account
for more psychologically oriented motives.
29. What is homeostasis?
A built-in tendency to regulate bodily conditions
30. The arousal approach to motivation suggests that:
if levels of stimulation and activity are too low, we will try to increase them by seeking
stimulation.
31. How do arousal approaches to motivation differ from drive-reduction approaches?
Arousal approaches suggest that we are sometimes motivated to increase rather than decrease our
level of stimulation.
32. Of the following individuals, whose behavior may most easily be explained using an arousal
approach to motivation?
Artie, who loves to bungee jump
33. Incentive approaches to motivation are:
theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals.
34. _____ approaches to motivation emphasize the appealing properties of external objects or
goals.
Incentive
35. Cognitive approaches to motivation are:
theories suggesting that motivation is a product of people's thoughts, expectations, and goal.
36. Shellie takes college courses that interest her and enjoys learning for its own sake; Tori takes
courses in which she is fairly certain she'll do well and studies mainly to ensure good grades.
Shellie is _____ motivated; Tori, _____ motivated.
intrinsically; extrinsically
37. "Dance like no one's watching. Work like you don't need the money. Love like you've never
been hurt," exhorts a sign on Dr. Elliott's office door. This sign underscores the importance of
_____ motivation.
Intrinsic

38. Dr. Fiore conducts a study in which two groups of participants work on challenging puzzles:
one group is extrinsically motivated whereas the other is intrinsically motivated. Thus, one group
is paid for its participation, while the other is not. Dr. Fiore records the length of time each
participant spent working on the puzzle and how enjoyable each participant rated the puzzle.
Based on the text's discussion of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, what might you expect?
The paid group would not work as long on the puzzle and like it less than the unpaid group.
39. Which of the following is true of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
In some cases providing rewards for desirable behavior actually may decrease intrinsic
motivation.
40. According to Abraham Maslow, a major prerequisite for becoming self-actualized is having:
all of one's lower-order needs fulfilled.
41. A state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential in their own unique
way is known as _____ in Maslow's model.
self-actualization
42. According to self-determination theory, _____ is the need to produce desired outcomes.
Competence
43. According to self-determination theory, _____ is the perception that we have control over our
own lives.
Autonomy
44. According to self-determination theory, _____ is the need to be involved in close, warm
relationships with others.
Relatedness
45. After watching an episode of the Dr. Phil TV show, Shanae wonders why anyone would want
to air their interpersonal dirty laundry in front of 70 million viewers. Shanae is most likely
wondering about the ________ of Dr. Phil's guests.
Motivation
46. Dr. Know-It-All hosts a TV talk show. One of his guests, Joe College, complains of his
intense annoyance with people who talk on their cell phones while driving. Joe asks Dr. KnowIt-All to explain why he reacts so strongly to this type of situation. Dr. Know-It-All immediately
pronounces that Joe has an instinct for cell phone irritation. Is Dr. Know-It-All correct to assume
that instinct is the cause of Joe's behavior?
No-most behavior is too complex to be explained on the basis of instinct
47. The act of going to the refrigerator because you are hungry best represents a(n)
Drive

48. You just ran a marathon in very hot weather and perspired heavily. According to drive
reduction theory, your body will have a(n) ________ for water, which will produce a(n)
________ for water, which will lead to a ________ to get water.
need; drive; motivation
49. When you exercise, you begin breathing more rapidly to provide oxygen to your cells. This
increase in breathing is an attempt to restore
homeostasis.
50. You stayed up all night to study for a math exam. After the test, you returned to your dorm
room and slept for seven hours. Your sleeping behavior was regulated by the body's tendency to
maintain
Homeostasis
51. Learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic is referred to as
Overlearning
52. Paige is an expert at golf and is bored by the thought of the upcoming tournament. Mary is
pretty good at golf and is somewhat excited but not overly anxious about the tournament. Sara
has only recently learned to play but has very high expectations and is really nervous about the
tournament. Jenna is also a beginner but she does not expect to play well. According to optimum
arousal theory, who will perform the best?
Mary
53. According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, optimum performance is achieved when one is
Moderately anxious
54. What happens when your blood sugar level gets too low?
You feel hungry.
55. A sprinter would best be served by eating ________ prior to a race.
Chocolate
56. A marathon runner would best be served by eating ________ prior to a race.
Lasagna
57. Gary wants to lose weight by reducing his caloric intake. He eats a candy bar for breakfast
instead of a bowl of cereal because the candy bar has fewer calories. Is Gary doing the right
thing?
Yes, the body needs high sugar intake at breakfast.
58. After being in a car accident, Sally's ventromedial hypothalamus was severely damaged. She
should expect that she will
gain weight rapidly.

59. "I am so tired of dieting. It seems like it controls my life. I wonder what my real weight
would be if I just ate only when I'm hungry." This dieter is curious about her
set point.
60. Danielle is a normal weight female, whereas Ron is an obese male. Whenever Danielle and
Ron go out to dinner together, Ron always eats more food. Ron, a psychology major, correctly
explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that
he has more fat cells than Danielle and he is not satiated until all his fat cells are full.
61. Paris thinks her best friend, Nicole, may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia
nervosa. She shares her concerns with Nicole, but Nicole insists that anorexia nervosa is "no big
deal." What is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?
It has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder
62. Which of the following individuals is most at risk for developing anorexia nervosa?
Jill is 17 and lives in the suburbs.
63. Though her weight is normal, Ashley is terrified of becoming heavy. She knows she should
stick to a healthy diet, but she often consumes huge servings of junk foodup to 5,000 calories
in one sitting. Desperate to keep from gaining weight, she then uses laxatives and diuretics to
purge the calories. Ashley is suffering from
bulimia nervosa.
65. According to Maslow, before you can feel safe, you need to
be satisfied physically.
66. According to Maslow, Kenny probably has trouble committing to a relationship because
his expectations are too high.
67. While free breakfast and lunches provided at school are an attempt to satisfy one of Maslow's
hierarchy of needs, students may still fail to achieve unless they
feel safe at school.
68. According to Maslow, self-actualization is possible
only after all other needs have been fulfilled.
69. If you had to write a research paper on Maslow's hierarchy of motives, which of the
following titles would you choose to capture the essence of Maslow's theory?
"Be all that you can be, from eating right to feeling content."
70. The impact of extrinsic motivation depends on
the behavior being rewarded.
72. Which of the following is most related to extrinsic motivation?
Reward

73. Marsha does a good job because she knows her performance will result in a bonus if she
meets her goals. Dianna does an adequate job but lacks motivation to perform in a timely
manner. Georgia does a good job because she feels a sense of accomplishment when she meets
her goals. All three women do the same kind of work. Who is likely to be the most competent?
Georgia
74. Research on delayed gratification indicates that the best way to resist temptation is to
focus on other activities rather than the forbidden activity.