Structural Geology Maps - Master - Coppy - Backup

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
School of Mines, University of Zambia
Structural Geology lab

IV Year Map 1
Map No. 1: Topographic map construction (elevation in feet). Notice in Map A that a has been drawn through all of the points that have an elevation of 500 ft above mean sea level. Can you f
1 km
SCHOOL OF MINES,
UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LAB

IV YEAR
Map 2
Map. No. 2: The map shown in the figure shows spot elevations, draining lines, and a lake. Using a C.I.
of 5 ft, construct a topographic map of the area. (Note: not all the spot elevations will lie on the lines you
draw. You will have to interpolate where the lines should be drawn between points of known elevation.
This requires some judgment as to the placement of the lines. For example, only one spot elevation on
the map is shown at the 65 foot contour line, you must estimate where other points at that elevation lie
relative to known points of elevation. Thus, the 65-foot contour would probably be drawn close to a spot
elevation of 64 feet than it would to a spot elevation of 70 feet.
School of mines, University of Zambia
Structural Geology Lab

IV Year
Map 3
Draw contours at 20 ft
interval. Draw a
topographic profile
along the X-Y direction
Scale 1: 10,000

IV Year
Map 4
Scale: 1: 10,000
Map No. 4: Problem: the values given in the map are the sopt heights (in meters) of Bench Marks of an
area. Draw the counter lines with an interval of 100 meters and describe the topography of the area.
Draw a neat topographic profile along the X-Y direction.
IV Year
Map 5
Map No. 5: Describe the topography and geology of the area. Give the order of superposition of the beds. Draw a geological cross
section along the given A-B line.

IV Year
Map 6
Map No. 6:The geological outcrops are shown in the north-west corner of the map. It can be seen that
the beds are horizontal as the geological boundaries coincide with, or are parallel to the ground contour
lines. Complete the geological outcrops over the whole map. Indicate the position of a spring-line on the
map. How thick is each bed? Draw a vertical column showing each bed to scale 1 cm = 100 m. Complete
a section along the line A-B (contours in meters).

IV Year
Map 7
Map No 7:
Scale: 1 in = 1,000 ft.
Problem: In the area exposed five conformable beds (A,B,C,D and E, where A and E are the oldest and
the youngest beds respectively). The thickness of B,C and D beds are 100, 200 and 450 ft. respectively.
D/C junction outcrops at an elevation of 1850 ft. All the beds are horizontal. Complete the outcrop pattern
of the beds. Draw the cross section along X-Y line.

IV Year
Map 8
Map No. 8. Scale: 1:20,000

Problem: On the given map, contact between various horizontal beds were recorded as follows: At A the
contact between the limestone bed (overlying) and shale bed (underlying) was observed, whereas at B
the contact between the shale bed (overlying and sandstone bed (underlying) was recorded. Similarly at
C the contact between the sandstone bed (overlying) and conglomerate bed (underlying) was seen.
1. The gentle slopes andflat areas in the valley are occupied by Quaternary deposits. Show them in
yellowcolour.2. Extend the contacts of various beds all along the given map. 3. Colour the various beds
as follows: Limestone- blue, shale - green, sandstone - red, conglomerate- purple.4. Draw cross section
along the line X-Y

IV Year
Map 9
Map No. 9.
Scale: 1"= 1,000 ft
Y of a coal -seam. Assuming the coal-seam

Problem: the continuous line on the map indicates the outcrop
to have a constant strike and dip, determine the direction of dip and complete its outcrop throughout the
area. Also complete the outcrop of two other seams, which are respectively 100 ft vertically below and
200 feet vertically above the one first drawn
Map No. 10:

IV Year
Map 10
Scale: 1' = 1,000 ft.
Problem: The lower trace of a grit bed outcrops at P,Q and R. Its upper trace is met with at C at a
depth of 300 ft. The grit bed forms a part of a conformable series with conglomerate at the base, and
sandstone 200 ft thick, underlying the youngest limestone bed of the series. Determine the dip and
the thickness of the grit bed and complete the outcrop.

IV Year
Map 11
Map No. 11: Three beds outcrop-conglomerate, sandstone and shale. Complete the geological
boundaries between these beds assuming that the beds all have the same dip. Indicate on the map an
inlier and an outlier.

IV Year
Map 12
Map No. 12. Borehole A passes through a coal seam at a depth of 50 m and reaches a lower seam at a depth
of 450 m. Boreholes B and C reach the lower seam at a depth of 150 m and 250 m, respectively. having
determined the dip and strike, map in the outcrops of the two seams (assume that the seams have a constant
vertical separation of 400 m). Indicate the areas where the upper sea is at a depth of less than 150 m below
the ground surface. It is necessary to first calculate the height (relative to sea leve) of the lower coal seam at
each of the points A, B and C where boreholes are sited.
Structural geology lab

IV Year
Map 13
Map No. 13A:

which dip conformably as shown,
have vertical thickness 300
Scale: 1:10,000
Problem: Trace the complete outcrop of beds A,B,C,D and E
the top of A (oldest of the beds) is exposed at T. The beds B and C
m and 100 m, and D is 150 m thick.
IV Year
Map 14
Map No. 14: The map shows part of the outcrop of a coal seam. It was also found at a depth of 300 meters in the boreholes at the several
points marked X. Complete the outcrop of the coal seam. Determine the depth at which it would be encountered in shafts put down at Y
and Z. Also insert the outcrop of another seam which lies 300 m higher (vertically) in the succession. What is the amount of plunge of the
fold-axes? Insert outcrops of the fold axial planes on the map. Draw a section along the line P-Q
Map 14A

IV Year
N
Map. No. 14A: Scale:
1 in = 1000 ft
Problem: The lower trace of an aquifer 200 ft thick is met within the region at the following depths: 100'
at A, 200' ft at B' and 300 ft at C. Trace the outcrop of the aquifer which is overlain by Marl and underlain
by Shale. (1) Mark the beds (2) Determine the strike and dip direction of the beds (3) Describe the
geology of the area (4) Draw a section along X-Y (5) Find the depth at which the aquifer (sandstone) is
met with at point D.
IV Year
Map 15
IV Year
Scale:1 cm = 100 m,
Map No. 16: Method of drawing strike lines
Contour interval: 50 m
Map 16
IV Year
1 cm = 100 m,
Map No. 17: Find out the thickness of beds and order of superposition
Map 17
IV Year
1 cm = 100 m,
Map No. 18: Find out the order of superposition of the beds
Map 18
IV Year
1 cm = 100 m,
Map No. 19: Variable dip direction. Carefully study the direction of dip and establish
the change of dip direction and the resulting structures.
Map 19
IV Year
Problem: Describe the geology of the area with a suitable cross section
Scale: 1 = 1000 ft
Map 20
IV Year
Map 21
Map No. 19: Problem: Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section

IV Year
map 22
Map. No. 22: The continuous lines are the geological boundaries separating the outcrops of the dipping
strata, beds P, Q, R, S, T and U. Examine the map and note that the geological bounda ries are not
parallel to the contour lines but, in fact, intersect them. Before constructing structure contours, can we
deduce the direction of dip of the beds from the fact that their outcrops 'V' down the valley? Can we
deduce the direction of dip if we are informed that Bed U is the oldest and Bed P is the youngest bed of
the sequence? Draw structure contours for each geological interface 1 and calculate the direction and
amount of dip. (Contours in metres.) Instructions for drawing structure contours are given below and one
structure contour on the Q/R geological boundary has been inserted on the map as an example.

IV Year
Map 23
Map No. 23: Problem: Draw structure contour for the upper and lower surface of the shaded bed of shale. Is the
direction of strike approximately north-south or east-west? Indicate on the map of the position of an anticilinal axial
trace and the position of a synclinal axial trace. Draw a section along the line X-Y.

IV Year
Map 24
Scale: 1" = 10,000 ft.

Map. No. 24: Describe the geology of the area wit a suitable cross section
SCHOOL OF MINES,

IV YEAR Map 25
Map. No. 25: Draw structure contours on the geological boundaries. Give the gradient of the beds (dip).
Draw a section along the E-W line Y-Z. Calculate the thickness of beds B,C,D and E. Indicate on the map
an inlier and an outlier.
IV Year
Map 26
Map No. 26: Draw structure contours on all the geological boundaries and deduce dips and strikes. What type of folds are
these? Note that all geological boundaries V downstream. Draw a section along an east-west line. Draw in the axial trace,
i.e. the outcrops of the axial planes of the folds.
SCHOOL OF MINES,

IV YEAR
Map 27
Scale: 1" = 1,000 ft.

Map. No. 27: Describe the geology of the area with a cross section along the X-Y direction

IV Year
Map 28
Map. No. 28: Describe the geology of the area with a suitable cross section

IV Year
Map 29

IV Year
Map 30
Map. No. 30: Describe the geology of the area with a suitable cross section

IV Year
Map 31
Map. No. 31: Draw structure contours for the upper and lower surfaces of the sandstones (stippled).
What is the amount of the throw of the fault? Draw structure contours on the fault plane. Is it a normal or a
reserved fault? What is the thickness of the sandstone bed.

IV Year
Map 32
Map. No. 32 The line F-F is the outcrop of a fault plane. The older thick line on the map is the outcrop of
a coal seam. Shade areas where coal could be penetrated by a borehole (where it has not been removed
by erosion). Indicate areas in which any borehole would penetrate the seam twice. What type of fault is
this? Draw a section along the line X-Y. Draw the 100 m overburden isopachyete, i.e, a line joining all
points where the coal is overlain by 100 m of strata.
IV Year Map 33
Map No. 33: Calculate the direction and amount of dip of the strata below and above the plane of unconformity. Draw a section along the line X-Y.
The lines F1-F1 and F2-F2 are the outcrops of two fault planes. Which fault occurred earlier in geological time. Assume that bed B is a commercially
important bed of ironstone. In order to estimate the economic potential we need to know the thickness of overlying strata which msl be removed in
order to mine the limestone by opencast methods (strip mining). Draw on the map the 100 m and 200 m isopachytes for this cover (overburden)
IV Year
Map 34
Map. No. 34: The map includes many structural features- folds, a fault and an unconformity. Deduce the main structural features of
the area from interpretation of the outcrop patterns before attempting to construct structure contours. Write a brief geological history
of the area portrayed by the map giving the order of events producing these structural features. Draw section along the line X-Y.
IV Year
Map 35
Map No. 35: What kind of fault occurs on the map? Has it any vertical displacement? Draw a section across the map along the line
P-Q intersecting the fault . Indicate on the map anticlinal and synclinal axial traces.
IV Year
Map 36
Map No. 36: Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch =
1,000 ft
IV Year
Map 37
Map No. 37: Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch =
1,000 ft
IV Year
Map 38
Map No. 38: Describe the geology of the areas with a

suitable cross section
Scale 1 inch =
1,000 ft

IV Year
Map 39
Map No. 39:
Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable

cross section
Scale 1 inch =
1,000 ft

IV Year
Map 40
Map No. 40: F-F Faults. Rocks marked D and G are igneous rocks. All other rocks are
sedimentary rocks. Describe the geology of the areas with a suitable cross section.
Scale 1 inch =
1,000 ft

IV Year
Real (true)-apparent dip conversion graph

IV Year

Structural Geology Maps - Master - Coppy - Backup

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DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LAB

Structural Geology Lab

Structural Geology Lab

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

section along the given A-B line.

Structural Geology Lab

Structural Geology Lab

Scale: 1 in = 1,000 ft.

Structural Geology Lab

Map No. 8. Scale: 1:20,000

Structural Geology Lab

Scale: 1"= 1,000 ft

Y of a coal -seam. Assuming the coal-seam

Map No. 10:

Structural Geology Lab

Scale: 1' = 1,000 ft.

Structural Geology Lab

Structural Geology Lab

Structural geology lab

Map No. 13A:

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology Lab

Structural Geology Lab

School of mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology Lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology Lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology Lab

Structural Geology lab

Structural Geology Lab

Scale: 1" = 10,000 ft.

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LAB

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LAB

Scale: 1" = 1,000 ft.

Structural Geology Lab

Structural Geology Lab

Structural geology lab

Structural geology lab

Structural geology lab

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab

School of Mines, University of Zambia

Structural Geology lab