Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Complication
Resolution
Complication
Major
Resolution
Social Function
To amuse,
entertain and
to deal with
actual or
vicarious
experience in
different ways.
Narratives deal
with
problematic
events which
lead to a crisis
turning point of
Snow White
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow
White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her
parents were dead.
One day she heard that her Uncle and Aunt talking
about leaving Snow White in the castle because they
wanted to go to America and then they didnt have
enough money to take Snow White.
Snow White didnt want her Uncle and Aunt to do this
so she decided it, would be best if she run away from
home if her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She
ran away into the woods.
She was tired and hungry.
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no
one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home work.
They went inside. There they found Snow white
sleeping, Then Snow White woke up. She saw the
dwarfs. The dwarfs said, What is your name? Snow
White said, My name is Snow White.
One Dwarf said, If you wish, you may live here with
us. Snow White said, OhCould I? Thank you. Then
Snow White told the dwarfs whole story and Snow
White and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.
Generic Structure
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Orientation: Sets the Focus and specific and
scenes and introduces
usually individualized
the participants.
participants.
Evaluation: a steeping Use of materials processes
back to evaluate the
(and in this text, Behavioral
plight.
and Verbal processes).
Complication: a crisis Use of relational processes
arises.
and mental processes.
Resolution The crisis is Use of temporal
resolved, for better or for conjunctions and temporal
worse.
circumstances.
Re-Orientation: optional Use of past tense.
some kind
which turn
finds a
resolution.
2. Recount
Earthquake
I was driving along the coast road when the car
suddenly lurched to one side.
Event 1
At first I thought a tyre had gone but when I saw
telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks.
Event 2
The rocks came tumbling across the road and I had to
abandon the car.
Event 3
When I got back to town, well, as I said, there wasnt
much left.
Note: young writer often indicate temporal sequence with and then, and
then. Alternatives can be modelled and used when the teacher and students
jointly construct recount.
Orientation
Social Function
Generic Structure
To retell events
for the purpose
of informing or
entertaining.
happened in sequence.
Re-Orientation: optional
closure of events.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical
features
Focus in specific
participants.
Use of material processes
Circumstances of time and
place.
Use of past tense.
Focus of temporal
sconces.
3. News Item
Town Contaminated
Newsworthy
Events
Background
Events
Sources
Social Function
Generic Structure
To inform
readers,
listeners or
viewers about
events of the
day which are
considered
newsworthy or
important.
elaborate want
happened, to whom, in
what circumstances.
Sources comments by
participants in witnesses
to and authorities expert
of the events.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Short, telegraphic
information about story
captured in headline.
Use of Material Processes to
retell the event (in the text
below, many of materialprocesses are nominalised).
Use of projecting verbal
processes in sources stage.
Focus in circumstances
(e.g. mostly within
qualifiers).
4. Description
Natural Bridge national Park
Identification
Description
Generic Structure
To describe a
particular
person, place
or thing.
Identification: identifies
phenomenon to be
described.
Description: describes
parts qualities
caracterizations.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus in specific
participants.
Use of attributes and
identifying processes.
Frequent, use of Epithets
and Classifiers in nominal
groups.
Use of Simple Present
Tense.
5. Report
Whales
General
Classification
Description
(behaviours,
qualities, parts)
Social Function
to a range of
discussion is.
natural, man Description tells what
made and
the phenomenon under
social
discussion is like in
phenomena in
terms of
our
(1) Parts
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus on generic
participants.
Use of relational processes
to state what is and that
which it is.
Use of simple present tense
(unless extinct).
No temporal sequence.
Explanation
Explanation
Social Function
Generic Structure
To explain the
processes
involved in the
formation of
workings of
natural or socio
cultural
phenomena.
A general statements to
position the reader.
A sequenced
explanation of why or
how something occurs.
7. Discussion
Gene Splicing
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus in generic, non
human participants.
Use mainly of material and
relational processes.
Use mainly of temporal and
causal circumstances and
conjuctions.
Some use of passive voice
to get them right.
Issue
Argument for
point
Elaboration
Point
Elaboration
Argument
against point
Elaboration
Conclusion
Social Function
Generic Structure
To present at
least two points
of view about
an issue.
Issue:
Statement
Preview
Arguments for against
or statement of differing
points of view.
Point
Elaboration
Conclusion pr
recommendation.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus on generic human
and generic non human
participants.
Use of:
Material processes e.g. has,
produced, have developed,
to feed
Relational procession e.g.
is, could have, cause, are
Mental, processes e.g. feel
Use of comparative
contrastive and
consequential conjunctions
8. Analytical Exposition
Position
Thesis
Argument Point
Elaboration
Argument Point
Elaboration
Argument Point
Elaboration
Conclusion
Social Function
To persuade
the reader or
listeners that
something is
the case.
Generic Structure
Thesis
Positions introduces
topic and indicates
writers position.
Preview outlines the
main arguments to be
presented.
Arguments
Points: restates main
arguments outlines in
preview.
Elaborations: develops
and supports each
point/argument
Reiteration: restates
writers position.
9. Hortatory Exposition
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus on generic human
and non human
participants.
Use of Simple Present
Tense.
Use of relational processes.
Use of internal conjunction
to state arguments.
Reasoning through causal
conjunction or
nominalization.
Country Concern
Thesis
Arguments
Arguments
Recommendati
on
Social Function
Generic Structure
To persuade
the reader or
listener that
something
should
shouldnt be
the case
Thesis:
Announcement of issue
concern.
Arguments:
Reasons of concern,
leading to
recommendation.
Recommendation:
Statement of what ought
or ought not to happen.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus on human and non
human participants except
for speal er writer referring
to self.
Use of
Mental processes to state
with writer thinks or feel
about issue, realized, felt
appreciated.
Material processes to state
to happens, e.g. polluting
drive, travel, spend, should
be treated.
Relational processes to
state what is be e.g. doesnt
seem to have been, is.
Use of Simple Present
Tense.
10. Annecdote
Snake in the Bath
Abstract
Orientation
Crisis
Incident
Coda
Social Function
Generic Structure
To share with
other an
account of an
usual a musing
incident.
retelling of an unusual
incident.
Orientation sets the
scate.
Crisis provides details of
the unusual incident.
Reaction to crisis.
Coda optional reflection
on or evaluation of the
incident.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Use of exclamations,
rhetorical questions and
intensifiers (really, very,
quite etc) or point up the
significance of the events.
Use of material processes
to tell want happened.
Use of temporal
conjunction.
11. Spoof
Orientation
Event 1
Event 2
Twist
Note: the twist in this particular text is related to the circumstances of place
the penguin is taken to and to the mans misinterpretation of the
policemans (unspoken) reason for taking the penguin to the zoo.
12. Review
Orientation
Evaluation
Evaluation
Interpretative
recount
Evaluation
Evaluation
Evaluative
summation
Social Function
Generic Structure
To critique an
art work, event
for a public
audience.
Such works of
art include
movies, TV
shows, books,
plays, operas,
recordings,
exhibitions,
concerts, and
ballets.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus on particular
participants.
Direct expression is options
through use of Attitudinal
Ephitets in nominal groups;
qualitative Attributes and
Affective Mental Processes.
Use of elaborating and
extending clause and group
complexes to package the
information.
Use of metaphorical
language (e.g. the wit was
there, dexterously ping
ponged to and fro).
13. Procedure
The Hole Game
Materials
Two players.
needed
One marble for person.
A hole in ground.
A line (distance) to start from.
Method (step) 1. First you must dub (click marbles together).
2. Then you must check that marbles are in good
condition are nearly worth the same value.
Next, you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a
line a far distance a way from the hole.
The first player carefully throws his or her marble
towards the hole.
Then the second player tries to throw his or her
marble closed or the hole than his or her opponent.
Generic Structure
To describe
how something
is
accomplished
through a
sequence of
actions or
steps.
Goal.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical features
Focus on generalized
human agents.
Use of Simple Present
Tense, often imperatives.
Use mainly the temporal
conjunctions (or numbering
to indicate sequence).
Use mainly of Material
processes.
Ada beberapa Jenis Teks (genre) dalam bahasa inggris yang dipelajari pada tingkat
SMP/MTS atau SMA/MA:
1.
Recount
7.
Analytical Exposition
2.
Report
8.
Hortatory Exposition
3.
Procedure
9.
Explanation
4.
Narrative
10. Discussion
5.
News Item
11. Review
6.
Descriptive
12. Spoof
Jenis teks yang dipelajari di setiap jenjang dan semester tentunya berbeda. Inilah
urutan jenis teks yang dipelajari di setiap jenjang dan semester.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. RECOUNT
Tujuan komunikatif:
Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau
menghibur.
Struktur teks (Generic Structure) :
* Pendahuluan (orientasi), yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana dan
kapan;
* Laporan (rentetan) peristiwa, kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan
secara berurut
Contoh:
Holiday
Last week I and my family went to Pangandaran beach for having holiday.
Arived there, we looked for a hotel. Afteer that I visited spill market to buy swiming
dress. Then I went to the beach for swimming and surving. The next day, I visited the
souvenir shop. There were many kinds of souvenir. I bought some souvenirs there.
Meanwhile my parents and my sister were looking for beach dress at the market.
Finally, we went home and we had the holiday.
2. REPORT
Social function report:
To describe the way things are (for example: a man -made thing, animals, plants). The
things must be a representative of their class.
Text organization report:
1.
Use of present tense(Komodo dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)
Contoh:
Whales
General Classification
Whales are sea-living mammals
Description: (behaviours, qualities, parts)
They therefore breathe air but cannot survive on land. Some species are very large
indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30m in length, is the largest animal to
have lived on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are
important differences in its external structure: its tail consists ofa pair of broad, flat,
horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it hasa single nostril on top of its
large, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat
(blubber). This is up to 30 cm in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body
fluids.
3. PROCEDURE
Social function Procedure:
To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions.
Text organization:
1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction)
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions)
3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)
Language features :
Contoh:
The Hole Game
Materials needed
Two players
One marble per person
A hole in ground
A line (distance) to start from
Method (step 1-n)
1. First you must dub (click marbles together).
2. Then you must check that the marbles are in good condition and are nearly worth the
same value.
3. Next you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a fair distance away from the
hole.
4. The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole.
5. Then the second player tries to throw his or her marble closer to the hole
than his or her opponent.
6. The player whose marble is closest to the hole tries to flick his or her marble into the
hole. If successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponents marble into the hole.
The person flicking the last marble into the hole wins and gets to keep both
marbles.
4. NARRATIVE
Social function narrative:
To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experience in different ways.
Narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into
a solution to the problem.
Generic Structure Narrative:
1.
2.
Use of adverbial phrases of time and place ( in the garden, two days ago)
Contoh:
Snow White
Orientation
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived withher Aunt
and Uncle because her parents were dead.
Major Complication
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle
because they both wanted to go to America and they didnt have enough money to take
Snow White.
Resolution
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best
if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle
were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
Complication
She was very tired and hungry.
Resolution
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so
she wentinside and fell asleep.
Complication
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside.
There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She sawthe dwarfs.
The dwarfs said, what is your name? Snow White said, My name isSnow White.
Major Resolution
Doc said, If you wish, you may live here with us. Snow White said, Oh could I? Thank
you. Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the
7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
5. NEWS ITEM
Social function news item:
To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy
or important.
Generic structure news item:
1.
2.
Background events ( elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident)
Contoh:
Town Contaminated
Newsworthy Event
Moscow -A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear
catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.
Background Events
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the
explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base ofshkotovo 22 near Vladivostock.
The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chemobyl
disaster, spreadradioactive fall-out over the base and i.earby town. but was covered up
by officials of the then Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of
the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a thermal and not a nuclear
explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600
tonnes of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
6. DESCRIPTIVE
Social Function descriptive:
To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Structure descriptive:
1.
Contoh:
Natural Bridge National Park
Identification
Natural Bridge National Park is a luscious tropical rainforest.
Description
It is located 110 kilometres south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific
Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numinbah Valley. This scenic
roadway lies in the shadow of the Lamington National Park.
The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural arch* and the cave through
which a waterfall cascades is a short 1 kilometre walk below a dense rainforest
canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools. Night-time
visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the glow worms.
Picnic areas offer toilets, barbecues, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces; however,
overnight camping is not permitted.
7. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social function analytical exposition:
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to
explain.
Generic Structure analytical exposition:
1.
2.
Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments
presented)
Language features analytical exposition:
3.
Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand,
therefore.
Contoh:
The Importance of English
Thesis { I personally think that English is the worlds most important language. Why do I
say that?
Argument 1 { Firstly, English is an international language. It is spoken by many people
all around the world, either as a first or second language.
Argument 2 { Secondly, English is also the key which opens doors to scientific and
technical knowledge, which is needed for the economic and political development of
many countries in the world.
Argument 3 { Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. Applicants
who master either active or passive English are more favorable than those who do not.
Conclusion { From the fact above, it is obvious that everybody needs to learn English
to greet the global era.
8. HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social function hortatory exposition:
To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the
case.
Generic structure hortatory exposition:
1.
2.
Words that link arguments: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
Contoh:
Corruption
Thesis
(Announcement of issue concern)
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money
and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United
States. Its just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable
survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
Argument 1
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the
capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all.
Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more
often. They even bribe the officials.
Argument 2
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the
corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from
getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be
involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
Adapted from: The Jakarta Post, February 2005
9. EXPLANATION
Social function explanation:
To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural
phenomena
Generic structure explanation:
1.
2.
Closing
Language features explanation:
3.
Use mainly of general and abstract nouns, action verbs, simple present tense,
passive voice, conjunction of time and cause, noun phrases, complex
sentences, and technical language.
Contoh:
A brief Summary of Speech Production
General Statement to Position the Reader
Speech production is made possible by the specialised movements of our vocal
organs that generate speech sounds waves.
Explanation
Like all sound production, speech production requires a source of energy.The
source of energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the
lungs as we exhale. When we breathe normally, the air streamis inaudible. To become
audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air
stream to vibrate.
Explanation
As we talk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air
stream into a series of puffs. These puffs are heard as a buzz. But this buzz isstill
not speech.
Explanation
To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. Duringspeech we
continually alter the shape of the vocal track by moving the tongueand lips,etc. These
movements change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn
produce the different sounds of speech.
10. DISCUSSION
Social function discussion:
To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (for points
against points)
Generic structure discussion:
1.
2.
Concluding recommendation
Language features discussion:
3.
Contoh 2:
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of
the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in
Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear
power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge
amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The
advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
It is reliable.
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and
buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is
reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear
accident ca be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was
the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
11. REVIEW
Social function review:
To critique an art work or event for a public audience
Generic structure review:
1.
2.
3.
Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch
line of the art works being criticized.
Language features review:
4.
Use of adjectives
Use of metaphor
Reviews are used to summarize, analyze and respond to art works. They may
include: movie, TV shows, books, plays, concerts, etc.
Contoh 1:
Private Lives Sparkle
Orientation
Since the first production ofPrivate Lives in 1930, with the theatres two
leadingsophisticates Noel Coward and Gertrude Lawrence in the leads, the play has
tended to be seen as a vehicle for stars.
Evaluation
QUT Academy of the Arts production boasted no stars, but certainly fielded potential
stars in a sparkling performance that brought out just how fine a pieceof
craftsmanship Cowards play is.
Evaluation
More than 60 years later, what new could be deduced from so familiar a theme?
Director Rod Wisslers highly perceptive approach went beyond the glitterysurface
of Witty banter to the darker implications beneath.
Interpretative Recount
With the shifting of attitudes to social values, it became clear that Victor andSibyl were
potentially the more admirable of the couples, with standards better adjusted than
the volatile and self-indulgent Elyot and Amanda.
Evaluation
The wit was there, dexterously ping-ponged to and fro by a vibrant Amanda (Catherine
Jones) and a suave Elyot (Daniel Kealy).
Evaluation
Julie Eckersleys Sibyl was a delightful creation, and Phillip CameronSmithsmore serious playing w&sjust right for Victor. Jodie Levesconte was
asuperb French maid. James Macleans set captured the Thirties atmosphere
with many subtle touches.
Evaluative Summation
All involved deserve the highest praise.
Contoh 2:
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of
the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in
Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear
power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge
amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The
advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
It is reliable.
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and
buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is
reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear
accident ca be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was
the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
http://www.mnurohman.co.cc
12. SPOOF
Social function: To tell an event with a humorous twist.
Generic structure:
1. Orientation (who were involved, when and where was happened)
2. Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
3. Twist (provide the funniest part of the story)
Language features:
-Use of connectives (first, then, finally)
-Use of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago)
-Use of simple past tense (he walked away from the village)
Contoh:
The Blonde and the Lawyer
A blonde and a lawyer are seated next to each other on a flight from LA to NY. The
lawyer asks if she would like to play a fun game.
The blonde, tired, just wants to take a nap, politely declines and rolls over to the window
to catch a few winks.
The lawyer persists and explains that the game is easy and a lot of fun.
He explains, I ask you a question, and if you dont know the answer, you pay me $5.00,
and vise versa.
Again, she declines and tries to get some sleep. The lawyer, now agitated, says, Okay,
if you dont know the answer you pay me $5.00, and if I dont know the answer, I will pay
you $500.00.
This catches the blondes attention and, figuring there will be no end to this torment
unless she plays, agrees to the game. The lawyer asks the first question. Whats the
distance from the earth to the moon? The blonde doesnt say a word, reaches into her
purse, pulls out a $5.00 bill and hands it to the lawyer. Okay says the lawyer, your
turn.
She asks the lawyer, What goes up a hill with three legs and comes down with four
legs? The lawyer, puzzled, takes out his laptop computer and searches all his
references, no answer. He taps into the air phone with his modem and searches the net
and the library of congress, no answer. Frustrated, he sends e-mails to all his friends
and coworkers, to no avail. After an hour, he wakes the blonde, and hands her $500.00.
The blonde says, Thank you, and turns back to get some more sleep.
The lawyer, who is more than a little miffed, wakes the blonde and asks, Well, whats
the answer? Without a word, the blonde reaches into her purse, hands the lawyer
$5.00, and goes back to sleep.
SIMPLE GENRE
FOR
STUDENTS OF
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(SMA/ MA)
By: Rusmanhaji
Published by ESS
Bekasi
2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ii
1.
A. Recount
2.
B. News item
3.
C. Procedure
10
4.
D. Description
15
5.
E. Narrative
19
6.
F. Report
7.
G. Analytical exposition
27
H. Hortatory exposition
31
34
1.
I.
Spoof
2.
J. Explanation
3.
K. Discussion
50
4.
L. Review
55
M. Anecdote
40
46
59
PREFACE
Al-hamdulillah buku Simple Genre ini telah selesai tersusun. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan siswa
SMA sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berbasis kompetensi dan berkarakter.
Buku ini berisi 13 macam jenis teks yang harus dipelajari siswa SMA mulai dari kelas X sampai
XII.
Dalam buku ini disajikan jenis-jenis teks beserta ciri-ciri umumnya, yaitu tujuan , struktur,
kebahasaan, contoh-contoh teks dan summary masing-masing teks. Juga disertai vocabulary
maupun soal-soal.
Penyusun menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang ikut andil dalam
penerbitan buku ini.
Mudah-mudahan mendapat ridha Allah SWT dan menyebabkan ilmu yang bermanfaat amin.
2.
3.
Ada dua kategori utama pada jenis teks yaitu: sastra dan fakta.
1.
1) Narrative
2) Poems
3) Drama
These text types are used to tell us about human experience usually in an imaginative way.
Jenis teks ini digunakan untuk menceritakan tentang pengalaman manusia biasanya dengan cara
khayalan.
Their purpose is to make readers or listeners think, laugh, cry or be entertained.
Maksud mereka ialah membuat pembaca atau pendengar berpikir, tertawa, menangis atau
terhibur.
2.
1) Recount
11) Discussion
2) News item
12) Review
3) Procedure
13) Anecdote
4) Description
5) Narrative
6) Report
7) Analytical Exposition
8) Hortatory Exposition
9) Spoof
10)
Explanation
ooo0ooo
A. RECOUNT
(LAPORAN PERISTIWA, KEJADIAN ATAU KEGIATAN MASA LAMPAU)
1. Ciri Umum
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining
(melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Orientation: memberikan informasi tentang siapa, di mana dan kapan
Events: rekaman peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan dalam
urutan kronologis
Reorientation: pengenalan ulang yang merangkum rentetan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan.
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Features): Menggunakan:
nouns dan pronouns sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan atau benda yang terlibat, misalnya David, the
monkey, we dsb.
action verbs atau kata kerja tindakan, misalnya go, sleep, run dsb.
past tense, misalnya We went to the zoo; She was happy dsb.
conjunctions dan time connectives yang mengurutkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan, misalnya
and, but, then, after that, dsb.
adverbs dan adverb phrases untuk mengungkap tempat, waktu dan cara, misalnya yesterday, at my
house, slowly dsb.
adjectives untuk menerangkan nouns, misalnya beautiful, funny, dsb. Generic Structure/Text
Organization Orientation: menunjukkan setting (tempat) dan memperkenalkan tokoh. Event 1 Event
2 Event 3 dst. Reorientation: Penutup ataupun penekanan kembali Events: menceritakan apa yang
terjadi secara berurutan.
1. Mountains
: pegunungan
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. scenic ks. permai, indah (of an area, view). s. railway jalan kereta api dengan/yang
penuh pemandangan
6.
7.
7. having a shower
1.
: mandi
o Bacaan berbentuk recount adalah suatu kejadian yang pernah dialami, biasanya berbentuk
laporan dan lain sebagainya.
o Siswa perlu mempelajari recount text untuk menceritakan kejadian-kejadian nyata yang sudah
dialami baik secara lisan maupun tulisan.
o Standar kompetensi yang terkait dengan penguasaan jenis teks ini adalah mampu berkomunikasi
secara lisan atau tulisan secara interaksional.
o Generic Structure dari recount :
a. Orientation : menyebutkan orang atau benda yang melakukan atau yang terlibat didalamnya
serta waktu, tempat, situasi .
b. Event: urutan kejadiaanya.
c. Re-orientation : Rangkuman dari seluruh kejadian yang ada pada teks atau komentar pribadi
yang dapat dimulai dari tahap mana saja sesuai dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh setiap siswa.
ooo0ooo
1.
B. NEWS ITEM
(Warta Berita)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To inform readers, listeners, or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or
important
(memberitakan kepada pembaca, pendengar atau penonton tentang peristiwa-peristiwa atau
kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Background events: menjelaskan apa yang terjadi, siapa yang terlibat, dalam situasi
bagaimana.
1. journalist
: wartawan
2.
2. evidence
3.
3. catastrophe disaster
4.
4. witnessed
: menyaksikan
5.
5. explosion
6.
6. submarine
7. occurred
8.
8. refit
9.
9. thermal
10. secrecy
ooo0ooo
1.
C. PROCEDURE
(Prosedur)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps
(Memberi petunjuk tentang cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Goal
: tujuan kegiatan
Materials
Steps
1.
: bahan-bahan
: langkah-langkah
c.
Menggunakan:
pola kalimat imperative, misalnya, Cut, Dont mix, dsb.
action verbs, misalnya turn, put, dont, mix, dsb.
1. to boil
: merebus
2.
2. heat
: panaskan
3.
3. stove
: kompor
4.
First, wash some rice in cold water. Like this. Second, put the rice with some water in a pot.
Then, boil and cool it slowly for about 20 minutes. (After 20 minutes) See, there is no more water
now. After that, put the rice to the simmerand steam it for about 45 minutes. Now, the rice is ready
to be served.
Vocabularies:
1.
1. Boil
: rebus
2.
2. Simmer
3.
3. Steam
: kukus
b. spoof
c. narrative
e. procedure
e. action verbs
c. only one
b. Two
d. five
e. three
ooo0ooo
directions
b. Text Organization:
-Goal
: (tujuan kegiatan)
-Materials : (bahan-bahan)
-Steps
: (langkah-langkah)
c. Language Features:
-
Use of imperatives (pola kalimat imperatives) for example: Cut, Dont mix ,etc.
Use of connectives (untuk mengurutkan kegiatan) (eg: first, then, while, etc.)
Use of adverbial phrases (untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang akurat. (ex: for
1.
ooo0ooo
D. DESCRIPTION
(Deskripsi/ Gambaran)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To describe a particular person, place, or thing
(Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Identification: mengidentifikasi fenomena yang akan dideskripsikan
Description: mendeskripsikan bagian-bagian, kualitas, ciri-ciri subjek, perilaku umum, sifat-sifat.
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Features):
Terfokus pada participant tertentu: misalnya my house, my cat, the museum, dsb. Menggunakan:
simple present tense.
detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya It was a large open
rowboat, a sweet young lady, dsb.
berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, misalnya, two strong
legs, sharp white fangs, dsb.
relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya, My mum is realy cool, It has
very thick fur, dsb.
thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis tentang subjek,
misalnya Police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal, dsb.
action verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.
abverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut, misalnya fast, at the
tree house, dsb.
bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metafor, misalnya John is white as chalk, sat tight,dsb
2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:
Topic: MacQuarie University
Identification
Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates
its 40th anniversary.
Description
The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales
government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was
a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings
have evolved beyond recognition.
The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupationanchored by
a vibrant and growing university. Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie
can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the universitys most attractive natural
features.
A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on
the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the
university are most likely to pleasurably recollect.
Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will be the only
university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily
accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.
Vocabularies:
1.
2.
3.
3. retreat kb. 1 mundurnya (of troops). 2 tempat pengasingan diri. 3 tanda mundur. -kki.
mundur.
4.
4. fringe kb. 1 pinggir (of town, of society). 2 golongan pinggir. 3 lingkaran pinggir. -kkt.
menyusur. Grassy slopes f. the stream Lereng berumput menyusur sungai itu.
5.
6.
7.
7. recognition kb. 1 pengakuan (of a country, by the chairman). 2 pengenalan (by s.o.). 3
penghargaan (for outstanding service).
8.
8. Emphasis : penekanan
9.
10. poised
: -kkt. memperseimbangkan
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
4. What has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are
most likely to pleasurably recollect.?
5.
1.
E. NARRATIVE
(Cerita, Dongeng, Legenda)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To ammuse, entertain, and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways
(Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca (yang bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau
peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu
penyelesaian)).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Orientation: mengenalkan pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat
Complication: pengembangan konflik
Resolution: penyelesaian konflik
Reorientation: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita.
Once upon a time a hawk fell in love with a hen. Then the hawk flew down from the sky and
asked the hen, Wont you marry me?
Then the loved braved, strong hawk and wished to marry him. But she said, I cannot fly as
high as you can. If you give me time, I may learn to fly as high as you. Then, we can fly together.
The hawk agreed. Before he went away, he gave the hen a ring. This is to show that you
have promised to marry me, said the hawk.
So it happened that the hen had already promised to marry a rooster. So, when the rooster
saw the ring, he became very angry. Throw that ring away at once! Didnt you tell the hawk that
youd already promised to marry me? shouted the rooster. The hen was so frightened at the rooters
anger that shethrew away the ring immediately.
When the hawk came the next day, the hen told him the truth. The hawk was so furious that
he cursed the hen. Why didnt you tell me earlier? Now, youll always be scratching the earth, and
Ill always be flying above you to catch your children, said the hawk.
The curse seemed to have come true.
3. The hawk flew down from the sky and asked the hen, Wont you marry me?(paragraph 1)
What does the underlined utterance mean?
(A). The wanted to marry the hawk
(B). The hen refused to marry the hawk
(C). The hen agreed to be the hawks wife
(D). The hawk proposed the hen to be his wife
(E). The hawk wanted to marry the hen at the sky
ooo0ooo-
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
F. REPORT
(Laporan Hasil Pengamatan)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made, and social
phenomena in our environment
(menyampaikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau
analisis. Yang dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gejala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia, atau
gejala-gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa kesimpulan umum, misalnya, ikan
paus termasuk binatang mamalia karena ikan tersebut melahirkan anaknya. Untuk membuat
laporan semacam ini, siswa perlu mengamati dan membandingkan ikan paus dengan binatang
lainnya yang memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
General classification: pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan
klasifikasinya
Description: menceritakan fenomena apa yang sedang didiskusikan; berkaitan dengan parts,
qualities, habits or behaviors.
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Features): Menggunakan:
general nouns, seperti Reptiles in Comodo Island, dsb.
relating verbs untuk menjelaskan ciri, misalnya reptiles are scaly animals (ciri ini berlaku untuk
semua reptilia), dsb.
action verbs dalam mejelaskan perilaku, misalnya lizards cannot fly, dsb. present tense untuk
menyatakan suatu yang umum, misalnya Komodo dragons usually weight more than 160 kg, dsb.
istilah teknis, misalnya water contains oxygen and hydrogen, dsb.
paragraf dengan topik sentence untuk menyusun sejumlah informasi.
The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat (blubber).
It can be up to 30 meters in thickness and serves heat and body fluids.
Answer the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
3. Why cant whales survive on land for a long time although they breath air?
1.
ooo0ooo
G. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
(Eksposisi Analitis)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif (communicative purpose/social function):
The communicative purpose/social function of analytical exposition is to persuade the reader or
listener that something is the case
(Untuk membujuk, meyakinkan atau mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar bahwa
sesuatumerupakan kasus)
Kadang juga dikatakan bahwa analytical exposition dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi audience /
pendengar atau pembaca bahwa ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat perhatian)
b. Struktur Teks (generic structure):
1. Pernyataan pendapat
(Thesis)
Menggunakan:
1. General nouns, misalnya car, pollution, leaded petrol car, dsb.
2. Abstract nouns, misalnya policy, government, dsb.
3. Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals, dsb.
4. Relating verbs, misalnya It is important, dsb.
5. Action verbs, misalnya She must save, dsb.
6. Thinking verbs, misalnya Many people believe, dsb
7. Modal verbs, misalnya we must preserve, dsb.
8. Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, we, dsb.
9. Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly,dsb.
10. Bahasa evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, trustworthy, dsb.
11. Kalimat pasif (passive voice)
1.
Why do you say that English is the worlds most important language?
2.
2.
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To persuade the reader or listener that something should be/shouldnt be the case
(Untuk membujuk, meyakinkan atau mempengaruhi pembaca atau pendengar bahwa sesuatu
seharusnya/tdk seharusnya demikian
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Thesis (pernyataan isu yang dipersoalkan)
Arguments: berupa alasan mengapa ada keprihatinan, dan mengarah ke rekomendasi
Recommendation: pernyataan tentang bagaimana seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya.
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Feature):
Terfokus ke pembicara / penulis yang mengangkat isu. Menggunakan:
1. Banned
: dilarang
2.
2. Cause
: menyebabkan
3.
3. Deaths
: kematian
4.
4. Accidents: kecelakaan
5.
5. Emit
6.
6. Triggers : memicu
7.
7. Wander
: menggeluyur, keliling
8.
8. Noisy
: berisik
: memancarkan, mengeluarkan
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
4. Which paragraph tells you that cars also cause noice pollution?
5.
6.
7.
It is not going to be easy to change these crime problems. We must first change many of the
laws about drugs. We must change the way cities spend their money. Until then, the crime problem
will not go away and we will live our live in fear.
1. crime
2.
2. worse
3. subway
4.
4. safe
5.
5. dangerous
6.
6. drug kb.
7.
7. steal
8.
9.
9. criminal
ooo0ooo
I. SPOOF
(Laporan Kejadian Atau Peristiwa Lucu)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To retell an event with humorous twist
(menceritakan kejadian, peristiwa aneh atau lucu berdasarkan kejadian atau peristiwa dalam
kehidupan nyata yang bertujuan menghibur, yang biasa diakhiri dengan sesuatu plesetan yang
lucu (twist).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
Orientation: memperkenalkan participants (tokoh), waktu, dan tempat
Events: berisi kejadian/peristiwa/kegiatan 1, 2, 3, dst
Twist: akhir yang tidak terduga atau lucu.
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Linguistic Features):
Terfokus pada orang, binatang, benda tertentu;
Menggunakan action verbs, misalnya eat, run;
Menggunakan keterangan waktu dan tempat;
Menggunakan past tense;
Disusun sesuai dengan urutan kejadian.
2. Contoh dan Struktur Teks:
Orientation
Event(s)
Twist
Topic: Penguin In The Park
Orientation Once a man was walking in a park when he came across a penguin.
Event 1 He took him to a policeman and said, I have just found this penguin. What should I do?
The policeman replied, take him to the zoo.
Event 2 The next day the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man was still
carrying the penguin with him. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and
asked, Why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didnt you take it to the zoo? I certainly did,
replied the man.
Twist and it was a great idea because he really enjoyed it, so today Im taking him to the moviest!
Title: Michael and His Father
Okay students. Listen to me. I have a good story. The story is about a boy namedMichael. He was
ten years old. He was not a very good pupil. Why? Because he didnt like doing his homework. What
did he like then ?Oh, he liked playing in hisleisure time. He liked football very much. Do you know
why he didnt like doing his homework? Because he always made a lot of mistakes when he did it.
Well, one day, his mathematics teacher looked at Michaels homework and found that all his
homework was correct. Wow, thats a good job! Of course students, the teacher was
very pleased and surprised. So, he called Michael to his office and said to him, Michael, youve got
all your homework right this time. Youre doing great. Well done, Michael. Did your father help you?
No, sir Michael said, Usually my father did it for me. But last night he was very busy. He had
a meeting. So, he couldnt do my homework. Then, I had to do it by myself.
Vocabularies:
1.
1. named
: yg bernama
2.
3.
3. pleased
: happy
4.
4. surprised
: heran
5.
5. myself
: senang
: saya sendiri
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Swift, the famous English writer, author of Gullivers travel, was one day travelling on a horse
back with a servant.
As it was raining , the roads were muddy. In the evening the two travellers came to an inn. Before
going to bed, Swift said to his servant: My boots are dirty, clean them, please. The servant was
rather lazy; besides he was tired, so he went to bed without cleaning his masters boots.
The next morning, when Swift saw the boots, he exclaimed: What, you have not cleaned my
boots! The servant looked at him and answered: Well, Sir, as the weather is very bad, and we are to
travel again, if I cleaned them now, they would soon be as dirty as before.
Very good, saddle the horses. We we shall start immediately.
But please, Sir, we have not had our breakfast yet
Oh, never mind! Should you take your breakfast now, you would soon be hungry again.
Vocabularies:
1.
1. Famous
2.
2. Author
3.
3. Servant
assistant
: pelayan
4.
4. Muddy
full of mud
: becek
5.
5. Inn
hotel
: penginapan
6.
6. Boots
high shoes
: sepatu tinggi
7.
7. Besides
also, too
: juga
8.
8. Master
employer
: majikan
9.
9. Exclaimed
cried shouted
: berteriak
writer
10. Soon
immediately
11. Excuse
reason
1.
: terkenal
: pengarang
: segera
: maaf / alas an
: tidak apa
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6. Did Swift give his servant any orders before going to bed?
7.
8.
9.
10. Was Swift pleased when he saw his boots had not been cleaned?
ooo0ooo
J. EXPLANATION
(Penjelasan)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To explain the process invloved in the formation or workings of natural or sociocultural phenomena
(menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan
fenomena alam, dunia ilmiah, sosial-budaya, atau lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan).
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
A general statement to position the reader (pernyataan umum untuk memposisikan pembaca).
A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs (penjelasan yang berurutan tentang
mengapa dan bagaimana sesuatu itu terjadi)
Closing (Penutup)
c. Ciri Kebahasaan (Languistic Features): Menggunakan
general dan abstract nouns, misalnya word chopping, earthquakes;
action verbs;
simple present tense;
passive voice;
K. DISCUSSION
(Diskusi/ Pembahasan)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To present at least two points of views about an issue
(mengetengahkan suatu masalah (isu) yang ditinjau paling tidak dari 2 (dua) sudut pandang,
sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structure):
To get back to what I was saying previously, let us see the positive points of a hacker, shall we?
Although in most places breaking into computer systems is considered illegal, I believe that hackers
dont do anything illegal because they only want to know and try the systems. I dare to say that a
hacker likes finding the strengths and the weaknesses of a computer system. They feel proud if they
can find the weaknesses. So I dont really see the crimes in this case. In addition, these hackers
sometimes help the police catch the white collar criminals, such as bank robbers,
money launderers, credit card forgers. For example, in 2000, the U.S. hackers caught some
Singaporean hackers who made Virus Love to break up the programs of the U.S. National Security
system.
Nevertheless, those who object to the good points of a hacker say that hacking is a crime. The
reason is that some hackers use their brilliant skills to break into banks and other vital institutions
where they can get money, destroyinformation, and the worst thing is they can get secret
information and sell it to another country. This is a treachery.
Take for example, in 1994, The U.S. government broke a conspiracy of computer hackers out of
Majorca, Spain. These hackers were responsible for accessing andeliminating 190,000 telephone
credit card numbers over computer bulletin boards in America and Europe. Seeing this fact, I
dont blame those who think negatively about hackers.
To put the whole thing in a nut shell, I personally think that hackers are not bad people with their
brilliant skills. However, they could be bad because of money orientation to get the wealth. Thats
just the point.
Vocabularies:
1.
1. hack kb. 1 orang yang diupah untuk mengerjakan kerja-kerja kesusasteraan. 2 Inf.:
taksi. -kkt. 1 menetak. memakuk, memarang. 2 melukai seseorang dengan kasar. Sl.: to h.
around ngeluyur. hackingcough batu
2.
2. previously sebelumnya
3.
4.
4. dare kb. tantangan. -kkt. berani. -daring kb. keberanian, kenekatan. ks. berani.
Hes a d. warrior Ia seorang prajurit pemberani.
5.
5. collar kb. 1 kerah. 2 ban leher (anjing dan kuda). -kkt. 1 Inf.: menahan. 2
menangkap. c. stud kancing leher.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. blame kb. kesalahan. -kkt. menyalahkan. -blamed ks. Inf.: jahanam, terkutuk.
ooo0ooo
L. REVIEW
(Ulasan Atau Tinjauan)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose):
To critique an art work, event for a public audience. Such works of art include movies, TV shows,
books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts, and ballets
(melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar khalayak
ramai, misalnya acara TV, buku, drama, film, opera, konser, dan lain sebagainya)
b. Struktur Teks (Generic Structures):
Orientation: menempatkan suatu karya dalam konteks umum dan khusus, seringkali dengan
membandingkannya dengan yang lain.
Interpretative recount: merangkum plot dan/atau memberikan penjelasan tentang bagaimana
suatu karya ditinjau.
Evaluation: memberikan penilaian atau evaluasi dari suatu karya dan/atau kinerjanya atau
produknya
Evaluative Summation: berupa rangkuman pandangan si peninjau.
He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friends
heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didnt fit with his character, like he turned into a walking
clich of the angry teen overnight.
The real story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked
the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story
even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.
Note: Please find out difficult words/ vocabularies!
ooo0ooo
M. ANECDOTE
(Cerita Lucu)
1. Ciri Umum:
a. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (communicative/social purpose):
The communicative purpose of the text is to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing
accident
(menceritakan kejadian/peristiwa lucu berdasarkan khayalan atau peristiwa nyata yang
bertujuan menghibur).
b. Struktur Teks (generic structure):
Abstract: menandai atau menunjukkan penceritaan kembali kejadian yang tidak biasa.
Pengenalan (Orientation): menunjukkan kejadian-kejadian
Krisis (crisis): Menjabarkan secara rinci kejadian yang tidak biasa tersebut.
Tindakan (incident): Reaksi atau tanggapan terhadap krisis
Koda (Coda): Refleksi atau evaluasi dari kejadian tersebut.
Generic Structure/Text Organization:
Abstact Orientation Crisis Reaction Coda
Abstract
How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!
Orientation We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that
everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean the bath first, so we set to,
and turned on the tap.
Crisis Suddenly to my horror, a snakes head appeared in the plug-hole. Then out slithered the
rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the
bath, spitting and hissing at us.
Reaction
For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily
came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom. Anna, who was only there at the time,
was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or shed probably
have leant over the bath to get a better look!
Coda
Ever since then Ive always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.
Vocabularies:
1.
1. Nasty
: buruk
2.
2. Mess
: berantakan
3.
4.
4. Slithered : merayap
5.
5. Twisted
: membelit
6.
6. Spitting
: meludah
7.
7. Hissing
:mendesis
8.
1.
consult. The latter, who was not very obliging, answered that he had no objection to his friends
using his book, but that he could not permit it to be taken out of his room.
As it was impossible to make him change his mind, the student was put to
much inconvenience.
A few weeks later, that selfish man came round to his friend, You may use my pocker in my
room as much as you like, but I cannot permit you to take itelsewhere.
Answer the following Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. Did the owner of the book allow his friend to consult it?
6.
7.
8.
9.