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P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

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Specifications

Engineering

Codes and Standards

17

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

Specifications

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

Dimensions and Pressure Ratings


CPVC tubing and fittings used in potable water systems are manufactured to the
dimensions and specifications outlined in ASTM D 2846 (Tables I through III). This
product is tan in color, and the tubing has the same outside diameter as copper
tubing. It is, therefore, identified as copper-tube-size (CTS) CPVC. Tubing up through
nominal 2 size is manufactured to a standard dimension ratio (SDR) of 11. The
standard dimension ratio represents the ratio of the tubing O.D. to the tubing wall
thickness. Consequently, all of the SDR 11 CPVC sizes have the same pressure
rating (Table IV).

TABLE I
Outside Diameters, Wall Thicknesses and Tolerances for CPVC 4120, SDR 11
Plastic Tubinga per ASTM D 2846

NOMINAL
SIZE

AVERAGE
TOLERANCE ON
TUBING O.D. AVERAGE O.D.

AVERAGE
TUBING I.D.

WALL
THICKNESS

TOLERANCE
ON WALL

1/2

0.625

0.003

0.489

0.068

+0.020

3/4

0.875

0.003

0.715

0.080

+0.020

1.125

0.003

0.921

0.102

+0.020

1 1/4

1.375

0.003

1.125

0.125

+0.020

1 1/2

1.625

0.004

1.329

0.148

+0.020

2.125

0.004

1.739

0.193

+0.023

All dimensions are in inches.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

TABLE II
Tapered Socket Dimensions for CPVC 4120, SDR 11, Plastic Tubing Fittingsa per
ASTM D 2846

EB

NOMINAL
SIZE

SOCKET
ENTRANCE
(A) I.D.
TOLERANCE

SOCKET
BOTTOM
(B) I.D.
TOLERANCE

EA

(C)
Min.

(D)
Min.

(Ea)
Min.

(Eb)
Min.

(F)
Min.

1/2

0.633

0.003

0.619

0.003

0.500

0.489

0.068

0.102

0.128

3/4

0.884

0.003

0.870

0.003

0.700

0.715

0.080

0.102

0.128

1.135

0.003

1.121

0.003

0.900

0.921

0.102

0.102

0.128

1 1/4

1.386

0.003

1.372

0.003

1.100

1.125

0.125

0.125

0.156

1 1/2

1.640

0.004

1.622

0.004

1.300

1.329

0.148

0.148

0.185

2.141

0.004

2.123

0.004

1.700

1.739

0.193

0.193

0.241

All dimensions are in inches.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

TABLE III
Minimum Dimensions from Center to End of Socket (Laying Length) for CPVC
4120, SDR 11 Plastic Tubing Fittingsa per ASTM D 2846

45
G

G
N

NOMINAL SIZE

(G)
Min.

(J)
Min.

(N)
Min.

1/2

0.382

0.183

0.102

3/4

0.507

0.235

0.102

0.633

0.287

0.102

1 1/4

0.758

0.339

0.102

1 1/2

0.884

0.391

0.102

1.134

0.495

0.102

All dimensions are in inches.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

TABLE IV
Pressure Ratings for CPVC 4120, SDR 11 Plastic Tubing per ASTM D 2846
NOMINAL SIZE

PRESSURE RATING, PSI


@73F
@180F

1/2

400

100

3/4

400

100

400

100

1 1/4

400

100

1 1/2

400

100

400

100

Pressure ratings as a function of temperature for CTS CPVC 4120 pipe were determined by the Plastic Pipe and Fitting Association (PPFA). These data were extracted
from their Bulletin No. 2-80 (10/79) and are given in Table V.

TABLE V
Pressure Rating vs Temperature for CTS CPVC 4120 SDR 11 Plastic Tubing
DE-RATING
FACTOR

PRESSURE RATING FOR


SDR11 CPVC 4120 PIPE
PSI

73

1.00

400

80

1.00

400

90

0.91

360

100

0.82

325

120

0.65

260

140

0.50

200

160

0.40

160

180

0.25

100

200

0.20

80

TEMPERATURE
DEGREE F

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

Engineering

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

How to Allow for


Thermal Expansion/Contraction
Like all piping materials, CPVC expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
CPVC piping (regardless of pipe diameter) will expand about 3.5 inches per 100 ft.
of length when subjected to a 100F temperature increase. Therefore, allowances
must be made for this resulting movement. In addition, the pipe must be hung with
smooth straps which will not restrict the movement.
Generally, thermal expansion can be accommodated with changes in direction;
however, a long straight run may require an offset or loop. For convenience, loop (or
offset) lengths have been calculated for different pipe sizes and different run lengths
with a temperature increase (T) of about 80F. The results, shown in Table VI, are
presented simply as a handy guide for quick and easy determinations of acceptable
loop lengths for the approximate conditions.

TABLE VI
Calculated Loop (Offset) Lengths for CPVC Piping with T of about 80F
NOM.
SIZE

AVG.
O.D.

LENGTH OF RUN IN FEET


20

40

60

80

100

LOOP LENGTH L IN INCHES


1/2

.625

22

31

38

44

50

3/4

.875

26

37

46

52

58

1.125

30

42

52

60

67

1 1/4

1.375

33

47

57

66

74

1 1/2

1.625

36

51

62

72

80

2.125

41

58

71

82

91

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

An example was selected from the guide in Table VI to demonstrate the use of
these data in the following three methods of compensating for the thermal expansion.
Example:

Pipe size = 1/2 in.


Length of run = 60 ft.
L = 38 in. (from Table)

L
5

L
4

2L
5
(15 1/4")

L
5

Support
Guides

L
2
(19")

L
5

LOOP

L
(38")

L
4

OFFSET

60' Run)

CHANGE IN
DIRECTION
Do not butt up against
fixed structures
(joist, stud, wall)

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

The following information and equations can be used to calculate specific values of thermal expansion and loop (or offset) lengths for CPVC piping systems:
Equation 1.
Where

Thermal Expansion = e = Lp C T
Lp = Length of Pipe, in.
C = Coefficient of thermal expansion, in./in./F
t = Change in temperature, F

For CPVC C = 3.4 x 10-5 in./in./F.


Example:

Calculate the change in length of a 100-ft. section of


CPVC pipe when heated from 75F to 160F
Thermal Expansion, e = Lp C T
= 1200 in. x 3.4 x 10-5 x (160-75F)
= 3.5 in.

The following equation is used to determine the developed length (L) of pipe
required in an expansion loop or offset:
Equation 2.

Where

Example:

1/
2

( )

Developed length = L = 3ED e


S

E = Modulus of elasticity, psi (Table VII)


D = Outside diameter of pipe, in.
e = Thermal expansion, in. (from Eq. 1)
S = Allowable fiber stress, psi (Table VII)
Calculate the minimum offset required for a 60-ft.
run of 1/2 CPVC for a temperature increase
from 80F to 160F.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

From Equation 1:

e = 60 ft. x 12/ft. x 3.4 x 10-5 x (160-80)F


= 2.0 in.

From Equation 2:

L=

1/
2

3 x 291,000 x .625 x 2.0


750

L = 38
The developed length, L=38, calculated here, is consistent with the L values
given in Table VI.

TABLE VII
Modulus of Elasticity for CPVC
TEMPERATURE (F)

MODULUS, E (PSI)

STRESS, S (PSI)

73

423,000

2000

90

403,000

1800

110

371,000

1500

120

355,000

1300

140

323,000

1000

160

291,000

750

180

269,000

500

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

Head-Loss Characteristics
of CPVC Piping Systems
The flow characteristics of water flowing through piping systems are affected
by several factors including system configuration, pipe size and length, friction at
the pipe and fitting surfaces, etc. These and other factors cause a reduction in pressure (head loss, also expressed as pressure drop) over the length of the system. This
section of text deals only with the head losses that result from frictional forces in the
various sizes of CPVC pipe and fittings.
The William and Hazen formula can be used to adequately describe these losses:a
Head Loss:

( )

HL = 0.2083

100
CS

1.852

RF1.852
DI4.8655

Where

HL = Frictional head loss (ft. of water per 100 ft.)

NOTE:

One foot of water = 0.4335 psi.


RF = Flow rate (gal./min.)
DI = Inside diameter of pipe (in.)
NOTE:I.D. values in Table I were reduced by 0.005 in. to
adjust for reasonable wall tolerances and used in
these calculations.
CS =

Surface constant for pipe (For CPVC the acceptable


value of C = 150.)

This formula was used to calculate water velocities, head losses and pressure
drops as a function of flow rates for the six sizes of CTS CPVC pipe discussed in
this report. The results are given in Table VIII.
The procedure for establishing a limiting or maximum flow velocity that is applicable to any piping material is not well defined. For some materials, there may be
velocities that can create abrasion or erosion, but there is no evidence that this occurs with CPVC piping under any known operating conditions. An investigation of
some CPVC systems revealed that velocities of 7 to 17 feet per second could be
developed under maximum flow conditions. Based on both field experience and
laboratory investigation, a maximum flow velocity of 10 feet per second can be used
for CPVC system design.
a

Plastic Pipe Institute Technical Report No. PPI-TRI 4-March 1971.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

TABLE VIII
Frictional Losses for CTS CPVC Pipe at Different Flow Rates
FLOW
RATE
(gpm)

1/2

3/4

VW

HL

PL

VW

HL

PL

VW

HL

PL

1.74

3.36

1.46

0.81

0.52

0.23

3.49

12.12

5.25

1.62

1.88

0.81

0.97

0.54

0.24

5.23

25.68

11.13

2.43

3.98

1.73

1.46

1.15

0.50

6.98

43.75

18.96

3.24

6.78

2.94

1.95

1.96

0.85

8.72

66.13

28.67

4.05

10.25

4.44

2.44

2.97

1.29

10.47

92.70

40.18

4.86

14.37

6.23

2.92

4.16

1.80

12.21

123.33

53.46

5.67

19.12

8.29

3.41

5.53

2.40

13.96

157.93

68.46

6.49

24.48

10.61

3.90

7.09

3.07

15.70

196.42

85.15

7.30

30.44

13.20

4.38

8.81

3.82

10

17.45

238.75

103.50

8.11

37.00

16.04

4.87

10.71

4.64

12.16

78.41

33.99

7.31

22.70

9.84

20

9.74

38.68

16.77

25

12.18

58.47

25.35

15

VW = Water velocity, ft. per sec


HL = Head loss, ft. of water per 100 ft.
PL = Pressure loss, psi per 100 ft.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

TABLE VIII (CONTINUED)


Frictional Losses for CTS CPVC Pipe at Different Flow Rates
FLOW
RATE
(gpm)

1 1/4

1 1/2

VW

HL

PL

VW

HL

PL

VW

HL

PL

10

3.26

4.03

1.75

2.48

1.78

0.77

1.36

0.48

0.59

15

4.89

8.54

3.70

3.72

3.78

1.64

2.04

1.02

0.88

20

6.52

14.54

6.30

4.96

6.44

2.79

2.72

1.73

1.18

25

8.14

21.98

9.53

6.20

9.74

4.22

3.40

2.62

1.47

30

9.77

30.81

13.36

7.44

13.65

5.92

4.08

3.67

1.77

35

11.23

40.99

17.77

8.68

18.16

7.87

4.76

4.89

2.06

40

9.92

23.26

10.08

5.44

6.26

2.36

45

11.17

28.92

12.54

6.12

7.78

2.65

50

12.41

35.16

15.24

6.80

9.46

2.95

60

8.15

13.26

3.54

70

9.51

17.64

4.12

80

10.87

22.59

4.71

90

12.23

28.10

5.30

VW = Water velocity, ft. per sec


HL = Head loss, ft. of water per 100 ft.
PL = Pressure loss, psi per 100 ft.

In order to look at the head loss data as a function of flow velocity, the Williams
and Hazen formula was again used to calculate loss values and flow rates for several
increments of flow-velocity between 2 ft./sec and 10 ft./sec. These data are given in
Table IX.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

TABLE IX
Frictional Losses for CTS CPVC Pipe at Different Water Velocities
1/2
VW

3/4

FR

HL

PL

FR

HL

PL

FR

HL

PL

1.14

4.28

1.86

2.47

2.78

1.20

4.11

2.07

0.90

2.29

15.56

6.75

4.94

10.02

4.34

8.22

7.47

3.24

2.87

23.64

10.25

6.17

15.12

6.55

10.27

11.28

4.89

3.44

33.07

14.34

7.40

21.18

9.18

12.32

15.81

6.85

4.59

56.41

24.45

9.87

36.10

15.65

16.43

26.94

11.68

10

5.74

85.35

37.00

12.34

54.59

23.66

20.54

40.73

17.66

1 1/4
VW

1 1/2

FR

HL

PL

FR

HL

PL

FR

HL

PL

6.14

1.64

0.71

8.58

1.34

0.58

14.72

1.02

0.44

12.28

5.93

2.57

17.17

4.84

2.10

29.44

3.68

1.60

15.36

8.98

3.89

21.46

7.31

3.17

36.81

5.56

2.41

18.43

12.58

5.45

25.75

10.25

4.44

44.17

7.80

3.38

24.57

21.42

9.29

34.34

17.47

7.57

58.89

13.28

5.76

10

30.71

32.38

14.04

42.92

26.40

11.44

73.61

20.08

8.71

VW = Water velocity, ft. per sec


HL = Head loss, ft. of water per 100 ft.
PL = Pressure loss, psi per 100 ft.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

In addition to head losses which result from frictional forces in the pipe, losses
also occur when water flows through valves, fittings, etc, in the system. These losses
are difficult to calculate due to the complex internal configuration of the various
fittings. Generally, loss values are determined for each fitting configuration by experimental tests and are expressed in terms of equivalent length of straight pipe.
It appears at present that very little work has been done to measure loss factors
in CTS CPVC fittings. However, data have been found in several publications on
iron-pipe-size (IPS) PVC valves and fittings. From these publications some typical
loss-factor data were selected from the Building Officials and Code Administrators
(BOCA) Plumbing Code Book 1987 for several PVC valves and fittings and are
presented here as being fairly representative of values experienced with CTS CPVC
(Table X).

TABLE X
Frictional Loss in Pipe Fittings in Terms of Equivalent
Length (L) Feet of Straight Pipea
GATE
NOMINAL VALVE
PIPE
FULL
SIZE
OPEN

GLOBE
VALVE
FULL
OPEN

1/2

.41

17.6

3/4

.55

23.3

.70

1 1/4

ANGLE
VALVE
FULL
OPEN

LONG
RADIUS
90 OR 45
90
STD
ELBOW ELBOW

STD
TEE
THRU
FLOW

STD
TEE
BRANCH
FLOW

5.18

1.55

.83

1.04

3.11

10.3

6.86

2.06

1.10

1.37

4.12

29.7

13.1

8.74

2.62

1.40

1.75

5.25

.92

39.1

17.3

11.5

3.45

1.84

2.30

6.90

1 1/2

1.07

45.6

20.1

13.4

4.03

2.15

2.68

8.05

1.38

58.6

25.8

17.2

5.17

2.76

3.45

The BOCA National Plumbing Code/1987.

7.78

SWING
CHECK
VALVE
FULL
OPEN

10.3

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

Codes and Standards

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

IMPORTANT PRODUCT STANDARDS & LISTINGS


Tan copper tube size CPVC is produced to the requirements of ASTM D-2846.
All tubing and fitting must bear the D2846 marking.
CPVC solvent cements must conform to ASTM F493 and must carry this identification on the can labels.
Tubing and fittings for potable water applications must be marked with the NSFpw logo (or the logo of an equivalent third party certification agency), to ensure that
they meet the requirements of ANSI/NSF Standards 14 and 61.
Model code approvals reference these standards and require product to be marked
accordingly.

ASTM STANDARDS
ASTM Standards are developed by using a consensus process and they are updated as necessary or re-approved every five years. The following are the ASTM
standards pertinent to CPVC.

CPVC Related ASTM Standards


Standard

Topic

D2846
F493
F402
F442
F437
F438
F439
F441

CPVC Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems


CPVC Solvent Cement Specifications
Handling Solvent Cements
CPVC Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR/IPS)
Threaded CPVC Fittings (Schedule 80)
Socket CPVC Fittings (Schedule 40)
Socket CPVC Fittings (Schedule 80)
CPVC Pipe (Schedule 40 and Schedule 80)

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

National Sanitation Foundation NSF - pw


The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) is a voluntary nonprofit organization
without affiliation with any government, industry, or consumer group. It serves as a
neutral agency to objectively help industry, consumers, and regulatory agencies resolve differences and achieve solutions to problems relating to public health and the
environment.
Thompson FlowGuard Gold CPVC pipe and fitting are tested regularly by NSF
against Standard No. 14, Plastic Piping Systems, Components and Related Materials, which covers thermoplastic pipes, fittings, valves, etc. Further, our CPVC system is evaluated against NSF Standard 61. Included in this standard are strict requirements relating to chemical extraction by-products and to taste and odor variables. THESE TESTS ENSURE THAT ALL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY (EPA) STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER ARE MET BY OR
EXCEEDED BY ALL THOMPSON CPVC PRODUCTS.
In addition, NSF performs several tests to ensure that Thompson CPVC meets
the requirements of ASTM D-2846. The ASTM Standard establishes the specifications by which all copper tube size (SDR-11) systems are manufactured.
NO METAL SYSTEM IS SUBJECTED TO SUCH A PROGRAM OF
THIRD-PARTY TESTING AND CERTIFICATION.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

Standard Code and Compliance


FlowGuard Gold pipe and fittings manufactured by Thompson Plastics, Inc.,
meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM D-2846 and are produced in copper tube
sizes, 1/2-2, SDR-11. FlowGuard Gold CPVC systems are rated at a continuous
working pressure of 100 psi at 180F. A margin of safety is provided, should unusual short-term conditions be encountered above these levels.
FlowGuard Gold CPVC produced in accordance with ASTM D-2846 criteria is
referenced in the current version of every U.S. Model Code.
CODE

ORGANIZATION

BOCA National Plumbing Code


National Standard Plumbing Code
Standard Plumbing Code
Uniform Plumbing Code
CABO 1 and 2 Family Dwelling Code
International Plumbing Code

Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.


National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors
Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
Council of American Building Officials
International Code Council

Except as noted, all Thompson manufactured products are listed with the National Sanitation Foundation for compliance with Standard 14 and Standard 61.
This information is valid at the time of publication. However, since codes
are dynamic, this information should not be used alone in establishing compliance. The user should determine approval and installation requirements for
CPVC hot and cold water distribution systems from the appropriate code jurisdiction prior to use.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

U.S. GOVERNMENT LISTINGS


Federal Housing Administration and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (FHA/HUD) list CPVC conforming to the ASTM D 2846 in Use of Materials
Bulletin No. 76 (UM 76). UM 76 is listed in HUDs Minimum Property Standards.

MILITARY LISTINGS
CPVC conforming to ASTM D 2846 is approved by the Department of Defense
for listing in the DOD Index of Specifications and Standards.
Code
U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers
(Army & Air Force)

Most Pertinent Sections


CEGS-15400

Department of the Navy NFGS-15400


(Navy & Marines)

Organization Headquarters
HQ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Engineering Division
Directorate of Military Programs
CEMP-EA
Washington, DC 20314-1000
202/272-0430
Department of the Navy
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Code 158D
CESO NCBC
Port Hueneme, CA 93043
805/982-5743

STATE CODES
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona

Model Plumbing Code


Standard
Uniform
Uniform

Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida

__________
Uniform
Uniform
BOCA
BOCA
Standard
Southern Florida
Building Code

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

Standard
Uniform
Uniform
Uniform
Uniform

CPVC Code Status


Approved in State Code.
No formal State Code.
No formal State Code. Approved in Pheonix and
other local codes.
Not approved in State Code.
State approved (12/95)
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Non-binding State Code. Approved in Standard
Plumbing Code and Southern Florida Building
Code. (To our knowledge, the only jurisdictions
not allowing CPVC are the counties of Clay,
St. Johns, and Sarasota.) CPVC joints under-and
in-slab are approved in some Florida jurisdictions.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.

P.O. BOX 17133 HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA 35810

STATE CODES
State
Iowa

Model Plumbing Code


Uniform

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana

__________
__________
Standard

Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania

Uniform
National Standard
__________
BOCA
Uniform
Standard
__________
Uniform
__________
Uniform
BOCA
National Standard
Uniform
__________
Standard
National Standard
BOCA
BOCA
Uniform
BOCA

Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas

BOCA
Standard
National Standard
Standard
Uniform & Standard

Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington

Uniform
National Standard
BOCA
Uniform

Washington, D.C.
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

BOCA
__________
BOCA
Uniform

(continued)

CPVC Code Status


Approved in State Code. (Not approved in Des
Moines at this time.)
No formal State Code. Local approvals for CPVC.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code. (Not allowed in some
parishes).
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
No formal State Code. Local approvals for CPVC.
No formal State Code.
Approved in State Code.
No formal State Code. Local approvals for CPVC.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code, including T/P drain lines.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
No formal State Code. Local approvals for CPVC.
Many jurisdictions use Basic (BOCA) Code with
amendments.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code.
No formal State Code. Local approvals for CPVC.
No formal State Code. Approved in Texas
Municipal League Plumbing Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approval pending State Code.
Approved in State Code.
Approved in State Code. Many local
jurisdiction approvals.
Approved in WSSC Code.
No formal State Code. Use allowed upon request.
Approved in State Code.
No formal State Code. Local approvals for CPVC.

REGIONAL CODE APPROVALS


Southern Florida Building Code
Texas Municipal League Plumbing Code
Washington Suburban Sanitation Commission

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