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Specifications
Engineering
17
Specifications
TABLE I
Outside Diameters, Wall Thicknesses and Tolerances for CPVC 4120, SDR 11
Plastic Tubinga per ASTM D 2846
NOMINAL
SIZE
AVERAGE
TOLERANCE ON
TUBING O.D. AVERAGE O.D.
AVERAGE
TUBING I.D.
WALL
THICKNESS
TOLERANCE
ON WALL
1/2
0.625
0.003
0.489
0.068
+0.020
3/4
0.875
0.003
0.715
0.080
+0.020
1.125
0.003
0.921
0.102
+0.020
1 1/4
1.375
0.003
1.125
0.125
+0.020
1 1/2
1.625
0.004
1.329
0.148
+0.020
2.125
0.004
1.739
0.193
+0.023
TABLE II
Tapered Socket Dimensions for CPVC 4120, SDR 11, Plastic Tubing Fittingsa per
ASTM D 2846
EB
NOMINAL
SIZE
SOCKET
ENTRANCE
(A) I.D.
TOLERANCE
SOCKET
BOTTOM
(B) I.D.
TOLERANCE
EA
(C)
Min.
(D)
Min.
(Ea)
Min.
(Eb)
Min.
(F)
Min.
1/2
0.633
0.003
0.619
0.003
0.500
0.489
0.068
0.102
0.128
3/4
0.884
0.003
0.870
0.003
0.700
0.715
0.080
0.102
0.128
1.135
0.003
1.121
0.003
0.900
0.921
0.102
0.102
0.128
1 1/4
1.386
0.003
1.372
0.003
1.100
1.125
0.125
0.125
0.156
1 1/2
1.640
0.004
1.622
0.004
1.300
1.329
0.148
0.148
0.185
2.141
0.004
2.123
0.004
1.700
1.739
0.193
0.193
0.241
TABLE III
Minimum Dimensions from Center to End of Socket (Laying Length) for CPVC
4120, SDR 11 Plastic Tubing Fittingsa per ASTM D 2846
45
G
G
N
NOMINAL SIZE
(G)
Min.
(J)
Min.
(N)
Min.
1/2
0.382
0.183
0.102
3/4
0.507
0.235
0.102
0.633
0.287
0.102
1 1/4
0.758
0.339
0.102
1 1/2
0.884
0.391
0.102
1.134
0.495
0.102
TABLE IV
Pressure Ratings for CPVC 4120, SDR 11 Plastic Tubing per ASTM D 2846
NOMINAL SIZE
1/2
400
100
3/4
400
100
400
100
1 1/4
400
100
1 1/2
400
100
400
100
Pressure ratings as a function of temperature for CTS CPVC 4120 pipe were determined by the Plastic Pipe and Fitting Association (PPFA). These data were extracted
from their Bulletin No. 2-80 (10/79) and are given in Table V.
TABLE V
Pressure Rating vs Temperature for CTS CPVC 4120 SDR 11 Plastic Tubing
DE-RATING
FACTOR
73
1.00
400
80
1.00
400
90
0.91
360
100
0.82
325
120
0.65
260
140
0.50
200
160
0.40
160
180
0.25
100
200
0.20
80
TEMPERATURE
DEGREE F
Engineering
TABLE VI
Calculated Loop (Offset) Lengths for CPVC Piping with T of about 80F
NOM.
SIZE
AVG.
O.D.
40
60
80
100
.625
22
31
38
44
50
3/4
.875
26
37
46
52
58
1.125
30
42
52
60
67
1 1/4
1.375
33
47
57
66
74
1 1/2
1.625
36
51
62
72
80
2.125
41
58
71
82
91
An example was selected from the guide in Table VI to demonstrate the use of
these data in the following three methods of compensating for the thermal expansion.
Example:
L
5
L
4
2L
5
(15 1/4")
L
5
Support
Guides
L
2
(19")
L
5
LOOP
L
(38")
L
4
OFFSET
60' Run)
CHANGE IN
DIRECTION
Do not butt up against
fixed structures
(joist, stud, wall)
The following information and equations can be used to calculate specific values of thermal expansion and loop (or offset) lengths for CPVC piping systems:
Equation 1.
Where
Thermal Expansion = e = Lp C T
Lp = Length of Pipe, in.
C = Coefficient of thermal expansion, in./in./F
t = Change in temperature, F
The following equation is used to determine the developed length (L) of pipe
required in an expansion loop or offset:
Equation 2.
Where
Example:
1/
2
( )
From Equation 1:
From Equation 2:
L=
1/
2
L = 38
The developed length, L=38, calculated here, is consistent with the L values
given in Table VI.
TABLE VII
Modulus of Elasticity for CPVC
TEMPERATURE (F)
MODULUS, E (PSI)
STRESS, S (PSI)
73
423,000
2000
90
403,000
1800
110
371,000
1500
120
355,000
1300
140
323,000
1000
160
291,000
750
180
269,000
500
Head-Loss Characteristics
of CPVC Piping Systems
The flow characteristics of water flowing through piping systems are affected
by several factors including system configuration, pipe size and length, friction at
the pipe and fitting surfaces, etc. These and other factors cause a reduction in pressure (head loss, also expressed as pressure drop) over the length of the system. This
section of text deals only with the head losses that result from frictional forces in the
various sizes of CPVC pipe and fittings.
The William and Hazen formula can be used to adequately describe these losses:a
Head Loss:
( )
HL = 0.2083
100
CS
1.852
RF1.852
DI4.8655
Where
NOTE:
This formula was used to calculate water velocities, head losses and pressure
drops as a function of flow rates for the six sizes of CTS CPVC pipe discussed in
this report. The results are given in Table VIII.
The procedure for establishing a limiting or maximum flow velocity that is applicable to any piping material is not well defined. For some materials, there may be
velocities that can create abrasion or erosion, but there is no evidence that this occurs with CPVC piping under any known operating conditions. An investigation of
some CPVC systems revealed that velocities of 7 to 17 feet per second could be
developed under maximum flow conditions. Based on both field experience and
laboratory investigation, a maximum flow velocity of 10 feet per second can be used
for CPVC system design.
a
TABLE VIII
Frictional Losses for CTS CPVC Pipe at Different Flow Rates
FLOW
RATE
(gpm)
1/2
3/4
VW
HL
PL
VW
HL
PL
VW
HL
PL
1.74
3.36
1.46
0.81
0.52
0.23
3.49
12.12
5.25
1.62
1.88
0.81
0.97
0.54
0.24
5.23
25.68
11.13
2.43
3.98
1.73
1.46
1.15
0.50
6.98
43.75
18.96
3.24
6.78
2.94
1.95
1.96
0.85
8.72
66.13
28.67
4.05
10.25
4.44
2.44
2.97
1.29
10.47
92.70
40.18
4.86
14.37
6.23
2.92
4.16
1.80
12.21
123.33
53.46
5.67
19.12
8.29
3.41
5.53
2.40
13.96
157.93
68.46
6.49
24.48
10.61
3.90
7.09
3.07
15.70
196.42
85.15
7.30
30.44
13.20
4.38
8.81
3.82
10
17.45
238.75
103.50
8.11
37.00
16.04
4.87
10.71
4.64
12.16
78.41
33.99
7.31
22.70
9.84
20
9.74
38.68
16.77
25
12.18
58.47
25.35
15
1 1/4
1 1/2
VW
HL
PL
VW
HL
PL
VW
HL
PL
10
3.26
4.03
1.75
2.48
1.78
0.77
1.36
0.48
0.59
15
4.89
8.54
3.70
3.72
3.78
1.64
2.04
1.02
0.88
20
6.52
14.54
6.30
4.96
6.44
2.79
2.72
1.73
1.18
25
8.14
21.98
9.53
6.20
9.74
4.22
3.40
2.62
1.47
30
9.77
30.81
13.36
7.44
13.65
5.92
4.08
3.67
1.77
35
11.23
40.99
17.77
8.68
18.16
7.87
4.76
4.89
2.06
40
9.92
23.26
10.08
5.44
6.26
2.36
45
11.17
28.92
12.54
6.12
7.78
2.65
50
12.41
35.16
15.24
6.80
9.46
2.95
60
8.15
13.26
3.54
70
9.51
17.64
4.12
80
10.87
22.59
4.71
90
12.23
28.10
5.30
In order to look at the head loss data as a function of flow velocity, the Williams
and Hazen formula was again used to calculate loss values and flow rates for several
increments of flow-velocity between 2 ft./sec and 10 ft./sec. These data are given in
Table IX.
TABLE IX
Frictional Losses for CTS CPVC Pipe at Different Water Velocities
1/2
VW
3/4
FR
HL
PL
FR
HL
PL
FR
HL
PL
1.14
4.28
1.86
2.47
2.78
1.20
4.11
2.07
0.90
2.29
15.56
6.75
4.94
10.02
4.34
8.22
7.47
3.24
2.87
23.64
10.25
6.17
15.12
6.55
10.27
11.28
4.89
3.44
33.07
14.34
7.40
21.18
9.18
12.32
15.81
6.85
4.59
56.41
24.45
9.87
36.10
15.65
16.43
26.94
11.68
10
5.74
85.35
37.00
12.34
54.59
23.66
20.54
40.73
17.66
1 1/4
VW
1 1/2
FR
HL
PL
FR
HL
PL
FR
HL
PL
6.14
1.64
0.71
8.58
1.34
0.58
14.72
1.02
0.44
12.28
5.93
2.57
17.17
4.84
2.10
29.44
3.68
1.60
15.36
8.98
3.89
21.46
7.31
3.17
36.81
5.56
2.41
18.43
12.58
5.45
25.75
10.25
4.44
44.17
7.80
3.38
24.57
21.42
9.29
34.34
17.47
7.57
58.89
13.28
5.76
10
30.71
32.38
14.04
42.92
26.40
11.44
73.61
20.08
8.71
In addition to head losses which result from frictional forces in the pipe, losses
also occur when water flows through valves, fittings, etc, in the system. These losses
are difficult to calculate due to the complex internal configuration of the various
fittings. Generally, loss values are determined for each fitting configuration by experimental tests and are expressed in terms of equivalent length of straight pipe.
It appears at present that very little work has been done to measure loss factors
in CTS CPVC fittings. However, data have been found in several publications on
iron-pipe-size (IPS) PVC valves and fittings. From these publications some typical
loss-factor data were selected from the Building Officials and Code Administrators
(BOCA) Plumbing Code Book 1987 for several PVC valves and fittings and are
presented here as being fairly representative of values experienced with CTS CPVC
(Table X).
TABLE X
Frictional Loss in Pipe Fittings in Terms of Equivalent
Length (L) Feet of Straight Pipea
GATE
NOMINAL VALVE
PIPE
FULL
SIZE
OPEN
GLOBE
VALVE
FULL
OPEN
1/2
.41
17.6
3/4
.55
23.3
.70
1 1/4
ANGLE
VALVE
FULL
OPEN
LONG
RADIUS
90 OR 45
90
STD
ELBOW ELBOW
STD
TEE
THRU
FLOW
STD
TEE
BRANCH
FLOW
5.18
1.55
.83
1.04
3.11
10.3
6.86
2.06
1.10
1.37
4.12
29.7
13.1
8.74
2.62
1.40
1.75
5.25
.92
39.1
17.3
11.5
3.45
1.84
2.30
6.90
1 1/2
1.07
45.6
20.1
13.4
4.03
2.15
2.68
8.05
1.38
58.6
25.8
17.2
5.17
2.76
3.45
7.78
SWING
CHECK
VALVE
FULL
OPEN
10.3
ASTM STANDARDS
ASTM Standards are developed by using a consensus process and they are updated as necessary or re-approved every five years. The following are the ASTM
standards pertinent to CPVC.
Topic
D2846
F493
F402
F442
F437
F438
F439
F441
ORGANIZATION
Except as noted, all Thompson manufactured products are listed with the National Sanitation Foundation for compliance with Standard 14 and Standard 61.
This information is valid at the time of publication. However, since codes
are dynamic, this information should not be used alone in establishing compliance. The user should determine approval and installation requirements for
CPVC hot and cold water distribution systems from the appropriate code jurisdiction prior to use.
MILITARY LISTINGS
CPVC conforming to ASTM D 2846 is approved by the Department of Defense
for listing in the DOD Index of Specifications and Standards.
Code
U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers
(Army & Air Force)
Organization Headquarters
HQ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Engineering Division
Directorate of Military Programs
CEMP-EA
Washington, DC 20314-1000
202/272-0430
Department of the Navy
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Code 158D
CESO NCBC
Port Hueneme, CA 93043
805/982-5743
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(continued)