Question type: Multiple Choice

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1) Which of the following is NOT one of the main tissue types found in the human body?

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Chapter Number: 04- Tissue Quizz- QAnswers- Dr. C.Gerin (from Wiley Bank)-Some
Questions/Answers have been modified.

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a) epithelial
b) connective
c) myocardial
d) muscle
e) nervous

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a) tight junctions and hemidesmosomes

b) gap junctions and tight junctions
c) adherens junctions and desmosomes
d) desmosomes and gap junctions
e) hemidesmosome and tight junctions

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2) These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during
contractile activities.

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a) basement membrane.
b) tunica adventitia.
c) tight junction.
d) adherens junctions.
e) gap junctions.

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3) The thin extracellular layer, consisting of the basal and reticular lamina, that anchors epithelial
cells to underlying connective tissue is called the

4) Epithelial tissue

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a) is used as a covering of body surfaces.

b) is used as a lining of body cavities with contact to the outside and hollow organs.
c) is used to form glands.
d) usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment.
e) All of these answer choices are correct.
5) Name and briefly describe the different categories of epithelial tissues based on cell shape and
number of layers of cells found in the tissue.
Answer:

7) Which type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin?

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a) Simple squamous epithelium

b) Simple cuboidal epithelium
c) Stratified squamous epithelium
d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium
e) Simple columnar epithelium

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Solution: Based on cell shape, epithelial tissues can be divided into four categories including:
1)squamous which are thin and flat, 2)cuboidal which are similar in width and height,
3)columnar are taller than they are wide and 4)transitional which can change shape from
cuboidal to squamous and back again. Epithelial tissues can also be categorized based on the
number of layers of cells found in the tissue. These categories include: 1)simple which means a
single layer of cells, 2)stratified which is two or more layers of cells and 3)pseudostratified
which is one layer of cells that appears multi-layered due to the arrangement of the nuclei in the
cells.

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a) Simple squamous epithelium

b) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
c) Stratified squamous epithelium
d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium
e) Transitional epithelium

8) Which type of epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands?

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9) Which type of epithelial tissue lines the fallopian tubes, uterus, and some bronchioles of the
respiratory tract?

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a) Simple cuboidal epithelium

b) Simple columnar epithelium
c) Stratified columnar epithelium
d) Stratified cuboidal epithelium
e) Transitional epithelium

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11) Which of the following types of glands are categorized by whether their ducts are branched
or unbranched?

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a) Unicellular exocrine glands

b) Multicellular exocrine glands
c) Unicellular endocrine glands
d) Multicellular endocrine glands
e) All of these answer choices are correct.
14) Which type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product in the cytosol of its cells
until the cell ruptures and becomes part of the secretory product?

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a) Apocrine
b) Exocrine
c) Holocrine
d) All of these answer choices are correct.
e) None of these answer choices are correct.

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15) The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

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a) enzymes and membranous organelles.

b) plasma membranes and ground substance.
c) keratinized cells and protein fibers.
d) calcified crystals of minerals and enzymes.
e) protein fibers and ground substance.

16) Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

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a) Bone
b) Blood
c) Cartilage
d) Tendons
e) Epidermis

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a) Matrix
b) Formed elements
c) Ground substance
d) Basement membrane
e) Plasma membrane

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17) Which component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to
support and bind cells in the tissue together?

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18) Which of the following is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of
connective tissues?

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a) Hyaluronic acid
b) Melatonin
c) Cholesterol
d) Glycogen
e) Starch

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19) Which of the following types of fibers are commonly found in the extracellular matrix of
connective tissue?
a) Elastic
b) Reticular
c) Collagen

d) All of these answer choices are correct.

e) None of these answer choices are correct.

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21) Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue?

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a) Blood
b) Spongy bone
c) Areolar connective tissue
d) Elastic connective tissue
e) Hyaline cartilage

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23) The main function of dense regular connective tissues is

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a) storing minerals for later use.

b) forming stroma of soft organs.
c) reducing heat loss from the body surface.
d) providing strong attachment between structures like muscle and bones.
e) providing elasticity to stretchable organs.

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a) Adipose tissue
b) Elastic cartilage
c) Fibrocartilage
d) Dense irregular connective tissue
e) Reticular connective tissue

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24) The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of which type of connective
tissue?

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a) osteon
b) stroma
c) lamellae
d) chromosome
e) lacunae

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26) What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue?

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27) Spongy bone tissue lacks

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a) lamellae.
b) lacunae.
c) osteocytes.
d) osteons.
e) canaliculi.

30) Which type of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and
the organs contained in that body cavity?

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a) Cutaneous membrane
b) Serous membrane
c) Mucous membrane
d) Basement membrane
e) Synovial membrane

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31) Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called

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a) stem cells.
b) parenchymal cells.
c) fibrotic cells.
d) granulocytes.
e) agranulocytes.

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32) In the diagram shown below, which cell junction is a desmosome?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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33) In the diagram shown below, which cellular junction is a tight junction?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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34) In the diagram shown below, where is the apical surface of the epithelial cell?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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36) Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a simple columnar epithelium?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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37) Which of the light micrographs in the figure below shows a stratified cuboidal epithelium?

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a) B
b) C
c) D
d) E
e) F

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39) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of cartilage that is most
abundant in the human body?

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a) E
b) F
c) G
d) H
e) I

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40) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows areolar connective tissue?

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

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44) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows blood?

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a) J
b) I
c) H
d) G
e) F

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45) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of connective tissue that contains
the Hardest matrix of all connective tissues?

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a) J
b) I
c) G
d) B
e) D

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46) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows a muscle tissue that is under involuntary
control?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 1 and 2
e) 1 and 3

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47) In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows cardiac muscle?

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1A
2B
3C

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a) A
b) B
c) C
d) All of these answer choices are correct.
e) None of these answer choices are correct.

Answer:

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48) Briefly describe the four parts of an osteon.

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Solution: Each osteon includes lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi and a Haversian canal. The lamellae
are concentric rings of matrix that consist of mineral salts and collagen fibers. Lacunae are small
spaces between lamellae that contain mature bone cells called osteocytes. Projecting from the
lacunae are canaliculi, which are networks of minute canals containing the processes of
osteocytes. Canaliculi provide routes for nutrients to reach osteocytes and for wastes to leave
them. A central Haversian canal contains blood vessels and nerves.
52) Which of the following types of tissues contains multinucleated cells whose movements are
under voluntary control?
a) skeletal muscle
b) smooth muscle
c) cardiac muscle

53) Compare and contrast the functional and structural characteristics of the three types of
muscle tissue.

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Answer:

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d) transitional epithelium
e) areolar tissue

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65) Which is a function of the tissue shown in diagram A?

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Solution: Both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues are striated and smooth muscle is not, hence
its name. Skeletal muscle cells have more than one nucleus and are large and run parallel to each
other. Cardiac muscle cells usually have only one nucleus and are branched. They also are
connected to each other via gap junctions and desmosomes. This area is known as the
intercalated discs. Smooth muscle cells are small spindle-shaped cells that form thick layers
around the hollow organs. Like cardiac muscle cells, some smooth muscle cells communicate via
gap junctions. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled while both cardiac and smooth muscle
tissue are involuntary.

a) contraction
b) pumping of blood
c) propulsion of food
d) contraction of bladder

e) conduct nerve impulses to muscle fibers

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66) Which is a function of the tissue shown in diagram D?

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a) heat production
b) pumping of blood
c) propulsion of food
d) contraction of bladder
e) create and conduct electrical impulses to adjacent cells

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68) Which of the following is a term used to describe a decrease in the size of cells within a
tissue or organ that ultimately results in reduction in the overall size of the tissue or organ?

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a) atrophy
b) hyperplasia
c) hypertrophy
d) adhesion
e) anorexia

70) Discuss the difference(s) between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.

Answer:

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Solution: The secretory product (hormones) of endocrine glands enters the interstitial fluid and
then diffuses into the blood without going through a duct. Exocrine glands secrete their products
into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering or the lumen of a hollow organ. Sweat, oil,
earwax, saliva and digestive enzymes are typical exocrine gland secretions.
72) In which of the following types of membranes would you expect to find goblet cells?

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a) mucous membrane
b) serous membrane
c) cutaneous membrane
d) synovial membrane
e) plasma membrane
73) The two principal types of cells found in nervous tissues are

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a) neuroglial cells and neurons.

b) neurons and mast cells.
c) neurons and dendritic cells.
d) neuroglial cells and myofibers.
e) neurons and somites.

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a) action potentials; neurotransmitters

b) action potentials; hormones
c) action potentials; cytokines
d) threshold potentials; cytokines
e) threshold potentials; neurotransmitters

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74) Electrical signals called _____ travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate
the release of chemicals called _____ that are then used to communicate with other cells.