Final Exam CIE 225 2015. Test makes up 24% of total grade. Open book/ notes. Version B.

Name:
Each problem gives 6% credit if correctly answered. (18*6% = 108%). Scaled to 80% if average below 80%. Give answers on this page!

1. What is your average speed if you drive 40 minutes at 40 mph and 20 minutes at 60 mph? (Give answer with one
correct decimal.)
Answer: mph
2. What is your average speed if you drive 40 miles at 40 mph and 20 miles at 30 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
3. What is the space-mean speed if you have measured the speed of 300 cars using a radar gun, and two-thirds of them
were driving at exactly 40 mph and one-third were driving at exactly 60 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
4. What is the critical gap, according to Raffs definition, if we have the following observations of gaps?
Gap
<3
3.001 3.999
4.001 4.999
5.001 5.999
6.001 6.999
7.001 7.999
>8

Number
accepted
0
5
16
26
45
53
n/a

Number
rejected
112
71
39
28
15
2
2

Answer: The critical gap is: . seconds

5. A woman is driving at 60 mph on a road with a 7% downgrade when she sees a tree having fallen down across the
roadway, blocking the entire width of the road. She has a perception-reaction time of 1.1 seconds. Assume her tire to
pavement friction coefficient is 0.95. What speed will she hit the tree with if she sees the tree at a distance of 166 ft?
Answer: The speed at impact will be.mph
6. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 47 people an hour using it (with random
arrivals and service times). What is the expected number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the
ATM or waiting to use it)?
Answer: The expected number is
7. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 47 people an hour using it. What is the
probability that there will be four (4) or more customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting
to use it)?
Answer: The probability of 4 or more people there is
8. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 47 people an hour using it. What is the
maximum number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it) we will expect
to see during the least busy 55 minutes of a typical hour? That is, there will be [expected to be] more than that number
for five (5) minutes during a typical hour. (You can give answer with one correct decimal. The actual number of
people there will always be a whole number but the expected number does not have to be a whole number. If you still
want to round off the number, you need to round it off upwards.)
Answer: 55/60-th of the time there are no more than people there
9. At 5:00 PM, the ATM in the previous problem(s) suddenly sees 110 people an hour arriving to it. That arrival rate
remains unchanged for 60 minutes, until 6:00 PM. If you get there at 5:30 exactly, how many people would you
expect to have in front of you at the ATM when you arrive (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it)?
(The service time remains unchanged at 45 seconds the whole time.)
Answer: The expected number is
10. How many percent greater air resistance does a 2004 Dodge Durango with a drag coefficient of 0.39 have compared
to a 2015 Chevrolet Cruze with a drag coefficient of 0.28 (if they travel at the same speed)? The Durango has a frontal
cross-section area of 38 ft2 whereas the Cruze has a frontal cross-section area of 25 ft 2.
Answer: The Durango has ....% greater air resistance than the Cruze

11. How many HP do you need to overcome the grade resistance alone in order to drive a 3,000-lb vehicle at 64 mph up a
hill with an elevation change of 1880 feet over a horizontal distance of one mile? Assume there is a constant grade.
Neglect that you also need to overcome rolling resistance, air resistance, etc. So, the answer should cover grade
resistance only.
Answer: You would need HP
12. Standing on an overpass, you observed the number of vehicles (densities) for the northbound direction of I-95 once
every minute between 9:00 AM and 9:05 AM as 4, 5, 2, 3, 4 vehicles over a segment of 2/10 of a mile which is 1,056
feet (i.e., you counted the sum of vehicles for the two lanes). During these 5 minutes, a total of 86 cars passed under
the overpass in the northbound direction. Estimate the space-mean speed with at least one accurate decimal.
Answer: The space-mean speed is mph
13. Construction of an Interstate means that one lane (out of the two lanes) is closed down in the northbound direction.
During peak hour, there are 2600 vph approaching the construction zone, but only 1950 vph can pass through it.
Space-mean speed well upstream (prior to the construction) is 71 mph but in the congested area only 14 mph.
Estimate the velocity of the shock-wave (i.e., the velocity with which the border between fast moving and slow
moving vehicles is moving south). Assume that both lanes are used right up to where one lane is dropped [for
construction].
Answer: The shockwave will be moving at mph
14. Estimate the TOTAL capacity of vehicles that can make a left turn (finding gaps in oncoming traffic) if the critical gap
is 5.1 seconds and the follow-up time is 3.1 seconds and the opposing (oncoming) flow is 1200 vph. Remember that
some gaps may be able to accommodate not only one or two vehicles but even higher numbers.
Answer: The total left-turn capacity will be vph
15. A one-lane approach to a traffic signal carries 650 vehicles per hour. The saturation flow for this approach has been
determined to be exactly 1360 vph. The signal cycle time is set at 70 seconds. How many seconds of green time
should be allocated to this approach if we want a degree of saturation (v/c-ratio) of exactly 85%? Give answer with
one correct decimal.
(It may be smart to use Excel for this.)

Answer: The approach should have seconds of green time to get a v/c-ratio of 0.85
16. Roundabouts slow people down because of the centrifugal force acting on a driver. If we want the driving speed for a
left-turning driver to be 18 mph when they are subjected to a side force of 0.32 g, what radius should the driving
path have? The roundabout drains from its center towards its outer edge with a slope of 2% (superelevation)? Give
answer to the nearest foot. (Use textbook equation rather than looking up answer.)
Answer: The radius should be . feet
17. If the graph on Slide 7 in Chapter 3 (replicated here, showing the number of reported crashes and other information by
driver age in one year) holds true for any year, how many reported crashes would a typical person be expected to have
been involved in (as a driver) the day they turn 22 years old, if they started driving the day they turned 16?
Age
(a)
1617
1820
2124
2534
3544
4554
5564
65+
SUM

Licensed
drivers
(b)
15,232
42,086
69,972
196,079
207,575
148,268
101,505
85,469
866,186

Driverportion

Crashes

Crashportion

Risk

(c)
1.76%
4.86%
8.08%
22.64%
23.96%
17.12%
11.72%
9.87%
100.00%

(d)
3,468
5,736
6,831
14,561
11,647
7,366
4,537
3,447
57,593

(e)
6.02%
9.96%
11.86%
25.28%
20.22%
12.79%
7.88%
5.99%
100.00%

(e/c)
3.4
2.0
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.0

Percentin
crashes
(d/b)
23%
14%
10%
7%
6%
5%
4%
4%
7%

(Pick closest alternative)

Answer:

0.1;

0.5;

0.9;

1.0;

1.1;

1.2;

1.3;

1.5;

2;

3;

5;

10

18 In 2012, the US had an average fatality rate of 1.15 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles traveled. How many
people in the United States would have been expected to be killed as a result of motor-vehicle accidents in 2012 if the
fatality rate per 100 million vehicle-miles instead had been that of Swedens 2012 rate? Pick closest alternative.
Answer:
805;
1,250;
1,750;
4,050;
8,050;
12,500;
17,500;
40,500;
125,000

Final Exam CIE 225 2015. Test makes up 24% of total grade. Open book/ notes. Version C. Name:
Each problem gives 6% credit if correctly answered. (18*6% = 108%). Scaled to 80% if average below 80%. Give answers on this page!

1. What is your average speed if you drive 40 minutes at 40 mph and 20 minutes at 50 mph? (Give answer with one
correct decimal.)
Answer: mph
2. What is your average speed if you drive 40 miles at 40 mph and 20 miles at 35 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
3. What is the space-mean speed if you have measured the speed of 300 cars using a radar gun, and two-thirds of them
were driving at exactly 40 mph and one-third were driving at exactly 50 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
4. What is the critical gap, according to Raffs definition, if we have the following observations of gaps?
Gap
<3
3.001 3.999
4.001 4.999
5.001 5.999
6.001 6.999
7.001 7.999
>8

Number
accepted
0
5
16
26
45
53
n/a

Number
rejected
112
71
68
55
30
9
2

Answer: The critical gap is: . seconds

5. A woman is driving at 60 mph on a road with a 6% downgrade when she sees a tree having fallen down across the
roadway, blocking the entire width of the road. She has a perception-reaction time of 1.1 seconds. Assume her tire to
pavement friction coefficient is 0.95. What speed will she hit the tree with if she sees the tree at a distance of 156 ft?
Answer: The speed at impact will be.mph
6. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 70 people an hour using it (with random
arrivals and service times). What is the expected number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the
ATM or waiting to use it)?
Answer: The expected number is
7. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 70 people an hour using it. What is the
probability that there will be four (4) or more customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting
to use it)?
Answer: The probability of 4 or more people there is
8. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 70 people an hour using it. What is the
maximum number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it) we will expect
to see during the least busy 55 minutes of a typical hour? That is, there will be [expected to be] more than that number
for five (5) minutes during a typical hour. (You can give answer with one correct decimal. The actual number of
people there will always be a whole number but the expected number does not have to be a whole number. If you still
want to round off the number, you need to round it off upwards.)
Answer: 55/60-th of the time there are no more than people there
9. At 5:00 PM, the ATM in the previous problem(s) suddenly sees 110 people an hour arriving to it. That arrival rate
remains unchanged for 60 minutes, until 6:00 PM. If you get there at 5:30 exactly, how many people would you
expect to have in front of you at the ATM when you arrive (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it)?
(The service time remains unchanged at 45 seconds the whole time.)
Answer: The expected number is
10. How many percent greater air resistance does a 2004 Dodge Durango with a drag coefficient of 0.39 have compared
to a 2015 Chevrolet Cruze with a drag coefficient of 0.28 (if they travel at the same speed)? The Durango has a frontal
cross-section area of 38 ft2 whereas the Cruze has a frontal cross-section area of 25 ft 2.
Answer: The Durango has ....% greater air resistance than the Cruze

11. How many HP do you need to overcome the grade resistance alone in order to drive a 3,000-lb vehicle at 66 mph up a
hill with an elevation change of 1880 feet over a horizontal distance of one mile? Assume there is a constant grade.
Neglect that you also need to overcome rolling resistance, air resistance, etc. So, the answer should cover grade
resistance only.
Answer: You would need HP
12. Standing on an overpass, you observed the number of vehicles (densities) for the northbound direction of I-95 once
every minute between 9:00 AM and 9:05 AM as 4, 5, 2, 3, 5 vehicles over a segment of 2/10 of a mile which is 1,056
feet (i.e., you counted the sum of vehicles for the two lanes). During these 5 minutes, a total of 86 cars passed under
the overpass in the northbound direction. Estimate the space-mean speed with at least one accurate decimal.
Answer: The space-mean speed is mph
13. Construction of an Interstate means that one lane (out of the two lanes) is closed down in the northbound direction.
During peak hour, there are 2700 vph approaching the construction zone, but only 1950 vph can pass through it.
Space-mean speed well upstream (prior to the construction) is 71 mph but in the congested area only 14 mph.
Estimate the velocity of the shock-wave (i.e., the velocity with which the border between fast moving and slow
moving vehicles is moving south). Assume that both lanes are used right up to where one lane is dropped [for
construction].
Answer: The shockwave will be moving at mph
14. Estimate the TOTAL capacity of vehicles that can make a left turn (finding gaps in oncoming traffic) if the critical gap
is 5.1 seconds and the follow-up time is 3.1 seconds and the opposing (oncoming) flow is 1300 vph. Remember that
some gaps may be able to accommodate not only one or two vehicles but even higher numbers.
(It may be smart to use Excel for this.)
Answer: The total left-turn capacity will be vph
15. A one-lane approach to a traffic signal carries 700 vehicles per hour. The saturation flow for this approach has been
determined to be exactly 1360 vph. The signal cycle time is set at 70 seconds. How many seconds of green time
should be allocated to this approach if we want a degree of saturation (v/c-ratio) of exactly 85%? Give answer with
one correct decimal.

Answer: The approach should have seconds of green time to get a v/c-ratio of 0.85
16. Roundabouts slow people down because of the centrifugal force acting on a driver. If we want the driving speed for a
left-turning driver to be 19 mph when they are subjected to a side force of 0.32 g, what radius should the driving
path have? The roundabout drains from its center towards its outer edge with a slope of 2% (superelevation)? Give
answer to the nearest foot. (Use textbook equation rather than looking up answer.)
Answer: The radius should be . feet
17. If the graph on Slide 7 in Chapter 3 (replicated here, showing the number of reported crashes and other information by
driver age in one year) holds true for any year, how many reported crashes would a typical person be expected to have
been involved in (as a driver) the day they turn 22 years old, if they started driving the day they turned 16?
Age
(a)
1617
1820
2124
2534
3544
4554
5564
65+
SUM

Licensed
drivers
(b)
15,232
42,086
69,972
196,079
207,575
148,268
101,505
85,469
866,186

Driverportion

Crashes

Crashportion

Risk

(c)
1.76%
4.86%
8.08%
22.64%
23.96%
17.12%
11.72%
9.87%
100.00%

(d)
3,468
5,736
6,831
14,561
11,647
7,366
4,537
3,447
57,593

(e)
6.02%
9.96%
11.86%
25.28%
20.22%
12.79%
7.88%
5.99%
100.00%

(e/c)
3.4
2.0
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.0

Percentin
crashes
(d/b)
23%
14%
10%
7%
6%
5%
4%
4%
7%

(Pick closest alternative)

Answer:

0.1;

0.5;

0.9;

1.0;

1.1;

1.2;

1.3;

1.5;

2;

3;

5;

10

18. In 2013, the US had an average fatality rate of 11.4 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants. How many people in the United
States would have been expected to be killed as a result of motor-vehicle accidents in 2013 if the fatality rate per
100,000 people instead had been that of Swedens 2013 rate? Pick closest alternative.
Answer:
805;
1,250;
1,750;
4,050;
8,050;
12,500;
17,500;
40,500;
125,000

Final Exam CIE 225 2015. Test makes up 24% of total grade. Open book/ notes. Version D. Name:
Each problem gives 6% credit if correctly answered. (18*6% = 108%). Scaled to 80% if average below 80%. Give answers on this page!

1. What is your average speed if you drive 40 minutes at 40 mph and 20 minutes at 70 mph? (Give answer with one
correct decimal.)
Answer: mph
2. What is your average speed if you drive 40 miles at 40 mph and 20 miles at 45 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
3. What is the space-mean speed if you have measured the speed of 300 cars using a radar gun, and two-thirds of them
were driving at exactly 40 mph and one-third were driving at exactly 70 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
4. What is the critical gap, according to Raffs definition, if we have the following observations of gaps?
Gap
<3
3.001 3.999
4.001 4.999
5.001 5.999
6.001 6.999
7.001 7.999
>8

Number
accepted
0
5
16
26
45
53
n/a

Number
rejected
112
71
39
28
15
2
2

Answer: The critical gap is: . seconds

5. A woman is driving at 60 mph on a road with a 5% downgrade when she sees a tree having fallen down across the
roadway, blocking the entire width of the road. She has a perception-reaction time of 1.1 seconds. Assume her tire to
pavement friction coefficient is 0.95. What speed will she hit the tree with if she sees the tree at a distance of 146 ft?
Answer: The speed at impact will be.mph
6. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 58 people an hour using it (with random
arrivals and service times). What is the expected number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the
ATM or waiting to use it)?
Answer: The expected number is
7. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 58 people an hour using it. What is the
probability that there will be four (4) or more customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting
to use it)?
Answer: The probability of 4 or more people there is
8. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 58 people an hour using it. What is the
maximum number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it) we will expect
to see during the least busy 55 minutes of a typical hour? That is, there will be [expected to be] more than that number
for five (5) minutes during a typical hour. (You can give answer with one correct decimal. The actual number of
people there will always be a whole number but the expected number does not have to be a whole number. If you still
want to round off the number, you need to round it off upwards.)
Answer: 55/60-th of the time there are no more than people there
9. At 5:00 PM, the ATM in the previous problem(s) suddenly sees 110 people an hour arriving to it. That arrival rate
remains unchanged for 60 minutes, until 6:00 PM. If you get there at 5:30 exactly, how many people would you
expect to have in front of you at the ATM when you arrive (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it)?
(The service time remains unchanged at 45 seconds the whole time.)
Answer: The expected number is
10. How many percent greater air resistance does a 2004 Dodge Durango with a drag coefficient of 0.39 have compared
to a 2015 Chevrolet Cruze with a drag coefficient of 0.28 (if they travel at the same speed)? The Durango has a frontal
cross-section area of 38 ft2 whereas the Cruze has a frontal cross-section area of 25 ft 2.
Answer: The Durango has ....% greater air resistance than the Cruze

11. How many HP do you need to overcome the grade resistance alone in order to drive a 3,000-lb vehicle at 68 mph up a
hill with an elevation change of 1880 feet over a horizontal distance of one mile? Assume there is a constant grade.
Neglect that you also need to overcome rolling resistance, air resistance, etc. So, the answer should cover grade
resistance only.
Answer: You would need HP
12. Standing on an overpass, you observed the number of vehicles (densities) for the northbound direction of I-95 once
every minute between 9:00 AM and 9:05 AM as 4, 5, 2, 3, 6 vehicles over a segment of 2/10 of a mile which is 1,056
feet (i.e., you counted the sum of vehicles for the two lanes). During these 5 minutes, a total of 86 cars passed under
the overpass in the northbound direction. Estimate the space-mean speed with at least one accurate decimal.
Answer: The space-mean speed is mph
13. Construction of an Interstate means that one lane (out of the two lanes) is closed down in the northbound direction.
During peak hour, there are 2800 vph approaching the construction zone, but only 1950 vph can pass through it.
Space-mean speed well upstream (prior to the construction) is 71 mph but in the congested area only 14 mph.
Estimate the velocity of the shock-wave (i.e., the velocity with which the border between fast moving and slow
moving vehicles is moving south). Assume that both lanes are used right up to where one lane is dropped [for
construction].
Answer: The shockwave will be moving at mph
14. Estimate the TOTAL capacity of vehicles that can make a left turn (finding gaps in oncoming traffic) if the critical gap
is 5.1 seconds and the follow-up time is 3.1 seconds and the opposing (oncoming) flow is 1200 vph. Remember that
some gaps may be able to accommodate not only one or two vehicles but even higher numbers.
(It may be smart to use Excel for this.)
Answer: The total left-turn capacity will be vph
15. A one-lane approach to a traffic signal carries 750 vehicles per hour. The saturation flow for this approach has been
determined to be exactly 1360 vph. The signal cycle time is set at 70 seconds. How many seconds of green time
should be allocated to this approach if we want a degree of saturation (v/c-ratio) of exactly 85%? Give answer with
one correct decimal.

Answer: The approach should have seconds of green time to get a v/c-ratio of 0.85
16. Roundabouts slow people down because of the centrifugal force acting on a driver. If we want the driving speed for a
left-turning driver to be 20 mph when they are subjected to a side force of 0.32 g, what radius should the driving
path have? The roundabout drains from its center towards its outer edge with a slope of 2% (superelevation)? Give
answer to the nearest foot. (Use textbook equation rather than looking up answer.)
Answer: The radius should be . feet
17. If the graph on Slide 7 in Chapter 3 (replicated here, showing the number of reported crashes and other information by
driver age in one year) holds true for any year, how many reported crashes would a typical person be expected to have
been involved in (as a driver) the day they turn 22 years old, if they started driving the day they turned 16?
Age
(a)
1617
1820
2124
2534
3544
4554
5564
65+
SUM

Licensed
drivers
(b)
15,232
42,086
69,972
196,079
207,575
148,268
101,505
85,469
866,186

Driverportion

Crashes

Crashportion

Risk

(c)
1.76%
4.86%
8.08%
22.64%
23.96%
17.12%
11.72%
9.87%
100.00%

(d)
3,468
5,736
6,831
14,561
11,647
7,366
4,537
3,447
57,593

(e)
6.02%
9.96%
11.86%
25.28%
20.22%
12.79%
7.88%
5.99%
100.00%

(e/c)
3.4
2.0
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.0

Percentin
crashes
(d/b)
23%
14%
10%
7%
6%
5%
4%
4%
7%

(Pick closest alternative)

Answer:

0.1;

0.5;

0.9;

1.0;

1.1;

1.2;

1.3;

1.5;

2;

3;

5;

10

18. In 2012, the US had an average fatality rate of 1.15 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles traveled. How many
people in the United States would have been expected to be killed as a result of motor-vehicle accidents in 2012 if the
fatality rate per 100 million vehicle-miles instead had been that of Swedens 2012 rate? Pick closest alternative.
Answer:
805;
1,250;
1,750;
4,050;
8,050;
12,500;
17,500;
40,500;
125,000

Final Exam CIE 225 2015. Test makes up 24% of total grade. Open book/ notes. Version E. Name:
Each problem gives 6% credit if correctly answered. (18*6% = 108%). Scaled to 80% if average below 80%. Give answers on this page!

1. What is your average speed if you drive 40 minutes at 40 mph and 20 minutes at 30 mph? (Give answer with one
correct decimal.)
Answer: mph
2. What is your average speed if you drive 40 miles at 40 mph and 20 miles at 50 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
3. What is the space-mean speed if you have measured the speed of 300 cars using a radar gun, and two-thirds of them
were driving at exactly 40 mph and one-third were driving at exactly 30 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
4. What is the critical gap, according to Raffs definition, if we have the following observations of gaps?
Gap
<3
3.001 3.999
4.001 4.999
5.001 5.999
6.001 6.999
7.001 7.999
>8

Number
accepted
0
5
16
26
45
53
n/a

Number
rejected
112
71
68
55
30
9
2

Answer: The critical gap is: . seconds

5. A woman is driving at 60 mph on a road with a 4% downgrade when she sees a tree having fallen down across the
roadway, blocking the entire width of the road. She has a perception-reaction time of 1.1 seconds. Assume her tire to
pavement friction coefficient is 0.95. What speed will she hit the tree with if she sees the tree at a distance of 136 ft?
Answer: The speed at impact will be.mph
6. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 62 people an hour using it (with random
arrivals and service times). What is the expected number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the
ATM or waiting to use it)?
Answer: The expected number is
7. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 62 people an hour using it. What is the
probability that there will be four (4) or more customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting
to use it)?
Answer: The probability of 4 or more people there is
8. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 62 people an hour using it. What is the
maximum number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it) we will expect
to see during the least busy 55 minutes of a typical hour? That is, there will be [expected to be] more than that number
for five (5) minutes during a typical hour. (You can give answer with one correct decimal. The actual number of
people there will always be a whole number but the expected number does not have to be a whole number. If you still
want to round off the number, you need to round it off upwards.)
Answer: 55/60-th of the time there are no more than people there
9. At 5:00 PM, the ATM in the previous problem(s) suddenly sees 110 people an hour arriving to it. That arrival rate
remains unchanged for 60 minutes, until 6:00 PM. If you get there at 5:30 exactly, how many people would you
expect to have in front of you at the ATM when you arrive (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it)?
(The service time remains unchanged at 45 seconds the whole time.)
Answer: The expected number is
10. How many percent greater air resistance does a 2004 Dodge Durango with a drag coefficient of 0.39 have compared
to a 2015 Chevrolet Cruze with a drag coefficient of 0.28 (if they travel at the same speed)? The Durango has a frontal
cross-section area of 38 ft2 whereas the Cruze has a frontal cross-section area of 25 ft 2.
Answer: The Durango has ....% greater air resistance than the Cruze

11. How many HP do you need to overcome the grade resistance alone in order to drive a 3,000-lb vehicle at 70 mph up a
hill with an elevation change of 1880 feet over a horizontal distance of one mile? Assume there is a constant grade.
Neglect that you also need to overcome rolling resistance, air resistance, etc. So, the answer should cover grade
resistance only.
Answer: You would need HP
12. Standing on an overpass, you observed the number of vehicles (densities) for the northbound direction of I-95 once
every minute between 9:00 AM and 9:05 AM as 4, 5, 2, 3, 2 vehicles over a segment of 2/10 of a mile which is 1,056
feet (i.e., you counted the sum of vehicles for the two lanes). During these 5 minutes, a total of 86 cars passed under
the overpass in the northbound direction. Estimate the space-mean speed with at least one accurate decimal.
Answer: The space-mean speed is mph
13. Construction of an Interstate means that one lane (out of the two lanes) is closed down in the northbound direction.
During peak hour, there are 2900 vph approaching the construction zone, but only 1950 vph can pass through it.
Space-mean speed well upstream (prior to the construction) is 71 mph but in the congested area only 14 mph.
Estimate the velocity of the shock-wave (i.e., the velocity with which the border between fast moving and slow
moving vehicles is moving south). Assume that both lanes are used right up to where one lane is dropped [for
construction].
Answer: The shockwave will be moving at mph
14. Estimate the TOTAL capacity of vehicles that can make a left turn (finding gaps in oncoming traffic) if the critical gap
is 5.1 seconds and the follow-up time is 3.1 seconds and the opposing (oncoming) flow is 1300 vph. Remember that
some gaps may be able to accommodate not only one or two vehicles but even higher numbers.
(It may be smart to use Excel for this.)
Answer: The total left-turn capacity will be vph
15. A one-lane approach to a traffic signal carries 800 vehicles per hour. The saturation flow for this approach has been
determined to be exactly 1360 vph. The signal cycle time is set at 70 seconds. How many seconds of green time
should be allocated to this approach if we want a degree of saturation (v/c-ratio) of exactly 85%? Give answer with
one correct decimal.

Answer: The approach should have seconds of green time to get a v/c-ratio of 0.85
16. Roundabouts slow people down because of the centrifugal force acting on a driver. If we want the driving speed for a
left-turning driver to be 21 mph when they are subjected to a side force of 0.32 g, what radius should the driving
path have? The roundabout drains from its center towards its outer edge with a slope of 2% (superelevation)? Give
answer to the nearest foot. (Use textbook equation rather than looking up answer.)
Answer: The radius should be . feet
17. If the graph on Slide 7 in Chapter 3 (replicated here, showing the number of reported crashes and other information by
driver age in one year) holds true for any year, how many reported crashes would a typical person be expected to have
been involved in (as a driver) the day they turn 22 years old, if they started driving the day they turned 16?
Age
(a)
1617
1820
2124
2534
3544
4554
5564
65+
SUM

Licensed
drivers
(b)
15,232
42,086
69,972
196,079
207,575
148,268
101,505
85,469
866,186

Driverportion

Crashes

Crashportion

Risk

(c)
1.76%
4.86%
8.08%
22.64%
23.96%
17.12%
11.72%
9.87%
100.00%

(d)
3,468
5,736
6,831
14,561
11,647
7,366
4,537
3,447
57,593

(e)
6.02%
9.96%
11.86%
25.28%
20.22%
12.79%
7.88%
5.99%
100.00%

(e/c)
3.4
2.0
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.0

Percentin
crashes
(d/b)
23%
14%
10%
7%
6%
5%
4%
4%
7%

(Pick closest alternative)

Answer:

0.1;

0.5;

0.9;

1.0;

1.1;

1.2;

1.3;

1.5;

2;

3;

5;

10

18. In 2013, the US had an average fatality rate of 11.4 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants. How many people in the United
States would have been expected to be killed as a result of motor-vehicle accidents in 2013 if the fatality rate per
100,000 people instead had been that of Swedens 2013 rate? Pick closest alternative.
Answer:
805;
1,250;
1,750;
4,050;
8,050;
12,500;
17,500;
40,500;
125,000

Final Exam CIE 225 2015. Test makes up 24% of total grade. Open book/ notes. Version F. Name:
Each problem gives 6% credit if correctly answered. (18*6% = 108%). Scaled to 80% if average below 80%. Give answers on this page!

1. What is your average speed if you drive 40 minutes at 40 mph and 20 minutes at 45 mph? (Give answer with one
correct decimal.)
Answer: mph
2. What is your average speed if you drive 40 miles at 40 mph and 20 miles at 70 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
3. What is the space-mean speed if you have measured the speed of 300 cars using a radar gun, and two-thirds of them
were driving at exactly 40 mph and one-third were driving at exactly 45 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
4. What is the critical gap, according to Raffs definition, if we have the following observations of gaps?
Gap
<3
3.001 3.999
4.001 4.999
5.001 5.999
6.001 6.999
7.001 7.999
>8

Number
accepted
0
5
16
26
45
53
n/a

Number
rejected
112
71
39
28
15
2
2

Answer: The critical gap is: . seconds

5. A woman is driving at 60 mph on a road with a 3% downgrade when she sees a tree having fallen down across the
roadway, blocking the entire width of the road. She has a perception-reaction time of 1.1 seconds. Assume her tire to
pavement friction coefficient is 0.95. What speed will she hit the tree with if she sees the tree at a distance of 126 ft?
Answer: The speed at impact will be.mph
6. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 72 people an hour using it (with random
arrivals and service times). What is the expected number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the
ATM or waiting to use it)?
Answer: The expected number is
7. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 72 people an hour using it. What is the
probability that there will be four (4) or more customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting
to use it)?
Answer: The probability of 4 or more people there is
8. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 72 people an hour using it. What is the
maximum number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it) we will expect
to see during the least busy 55 minutes of a typical hour? That is, there will be [expected to be] more than that number
for five (5) minutes during a typical hour. (You can give answer with one correct decimal. The actual number of
people there will always be a whole number but the expected number does not have to be a whole number. If you still
want to round off the number, you need to round it off upwards.)
Answer: 55/60-th of the time there are no more than people there
9. At 5:00 PM, the ATM in the previous problem(s) suddenly sees 110 people an hour arriving to it. That arrival rate
remains unchanged for 60 minutes, until 6:00 PM. If you get there at 5:30 exactly, how many people would you
expect to have in front of you at the ATM when you arrive (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it)?
(The service time remains unchanged at 45 seconds the whole time.)
Answer: The expected number is
10. How many percent greater air resistance does a 2004 Dodge Durango with a drag coefficient of 0.39 have compared
to a 2015 Chevrolet Cruze with a drag coefficient of 0.28 (if they travel at the same speed)? The Durango has a frontal
cross-section area of 38 ft2 whereas the Cruze has a frontal cross-section area of 25 ft 2.
Answer: The Durango has ....% greater air resistance than the Cruze

11. How many HP do you need to overcome the grade resistance alone in order to drive a 3,000-lb vehicle at 72 mph up a
hill with an elevation change of 1880 feet over a horizontal distance of one mile? Assume there is a constant grade.
Neglect that you also need to overcome rolling resistance, air resistance, etc. So, the answer should cover grade
resistance only.
Answer: You would need HP
12. Standing on an overpass, you observed the number of vehicles (densities) for the northbound direction of I-95 once
every minute between 9:00 AM and 9:05 AM as 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 vehicles over a segment of 2/10 of a mile which is 1,056
feet (i.e., you counted the sum of vehicles for the two lanes). During these 5 minutes, a total of 86 cars passed under
the overpass in the northbound direction. Estimate the space-mean speed with at least one accurate decimal.
Answer: The space-mean speed is mph
13. Construction of an Interstate means that one lane (out of the two lanes) is closed down in the northbound direction.
During peak hour, there are 2400 vph approaching the construction zone, but only 1950 vph can pass through it.
Space-mean speed well upstream (prior to the construction) is 71 mph but in the congested area only 14 mph.
Estimate the velocity of the shock-wave (i.e., the velocity with which the border between fast moving and slow
moving vehicles is moving south). Assume that both lanes are used right up to where one lane is dropped [for
construction].
Answer: The shockwave will be moving at mph
14. Estimate the TOTAL capacity of vehicles that can make a left turn (finding gaps in oncoming traffic) if the critical gap
is 5.1 seconds and the follow-up time is 3.1 seconds and the opposing (oncoming) flow is 1200 vph. Remember that
some gaps may be able to accommodate not only one or two vehicles but even higher numbers.
Answer: The total left-turn capacity will be vph
15. A one-lane approach to a traffic signal carries 480 vehicles per hour. The saturation flow for this approach has been
determined to be exactly 1360 vph. The signal cycle time is set at 70 seconds. How many seconds of green time
should be allocated to this approach if we want a degree of saturation (v/c-ratio) of exactly 85%? Give answer with
one correct decimal.
(It may be smart to use Excel for this.)

Answer: The approach should have seconds of green time to get a v/c-ratio of 0.85
16. Roundabouts slow people down because of the centrifugal force acting on a driver. If we want the driving speed for a
left-turning driver to be 17 mph when they are subjected to a side force of 0.32 g, what radius should the driving
path have? The roundabout drains from its center towards its outer edge with a slope of 2% (superelevation)? Give
answer to the nearest foot. (Use textbook equation rather than looking up answer.)
Answer: The radius should be . feet
17. If the graph on Slide 7 in Chapter 3 (replicated here, showing the number of reported crashes and other information by
driver age in one year) holds true for any year, how many reported crashes would a typical person be expected to have
been involved in (as a driver) the day they turn 22 years old, if they started driving the day they turned 16?
Age
(a)
1617
1820
2124
2534
3544
4554
5564
65+
SUM

Licensed
drivers
(b)
15,232
42,086
69,972
196,079
207,575
148,268
101,505
85,469
866,186

Driverportion

Crashes

Crashportion

Risk

(c)
1.76%
4.86%
8.08%
22.64%
23.96%
17.12%
11.72%
9.87%
100.00%

(d)
3,468
5,736
6,831
14,561
11,647
7,366
4,537
3,447
57,593

(e)
6.02%
9.96%
11.86%
25.28%
20.22%
12.79%
7.88%
5.99%
100.00%

(e/c)
3.4
2.0
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.0

Percentin
crashes
(d/b)
23%
14%
10%
7%
6%
5%
4%
4%
7%

(Pick closest alternative)

Answer:

0.1;

0.5;

0.9;

1.0;

1.1;

1.2;

1.3;

1.5;

2;

3;

5;

10

18. In 2012, the US had an average fatality rate of 1.15 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles traveled. How many
people in the United States would have been expected to be killed as a result of motor-vehicle accidents in 2012 if the
fatality rate per 100 million vehicle-miles instead had been that of Swedens 2012 rate? Pick closest alternative.
Answer:
805;
1,250;
1,750;
4,050;
8,050;
12,500;
17,500;
40,500;
125,000

Final Exam CIE 225 2015. Test makes up 24% of total grade. Open book/ notes. Version G. Name:
Each problem gives 6% credit if correctly answered. (18*6% = 108%). Scaled to 80% if average below 80%. Give answers on this page!

1. What is your average speed if you drive 40 minutes at 40 mph and 20 minutes at 55 mph? (Give answer with one
correct decimal.)
Answer: mph
2. What is your average speed if you drive 40 miles at 40 mph and 20 miles at 65 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
3. What is the space-mean speed if you have measured the speed of 300 cars using a radar gun, and two-thirds of them
were driving at exactly 40 mph and one-third were driving at exactly 55 mph? (Give answer with one correct
decimal.)
Answer: mph
4. What is the critical gap, according to Raffs definition, if we have the following observations of gaps?
Gap
<3
3.001 3.999
4.001 4.999
5.001 5.999
6.001 6.999
7.001 7.999
>8

Number
accepted
0
5
16
26
45
53
n/a

Number
rejected
112
71
68
55
30
9
2

Answer: The critical gap is: . seconds

5. A woman is driving at 60 mph on a road with a 7% downgrade when she sees a tree having fallen down across the
roadway, blocking the entire width of the road. She has a perception-reaction time of 1.1 seconds. Assume her tire to
pavement friction coefficient is 0.95. What speed will she hit the tree with if she sees the tree at a distance of 116 ft?
Answer: The speed at impact will be.mph
6. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 66 people an hour using it (with random
arrivals and service times). What is the expected number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the
ATM or waiting to use it)?
Answer: The expected number is
7. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 66 people an hour using it. What is the
probability that there will be four (4) or more customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting
to use it)?
Answer: The probability of 4 or more people there is
8. An ATM has an average service time of 45 seconds per customer. There are 66 people an hour using it. What is the
maximum number of customers at the ATM (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it) we will expect
to see during the least busy 55 minutes of a typical hour? That is, there will be [expected to be] more than that number
for five (5) minutes during a typical hour. (You can give answer with one correct decimal. The actual number of
people there will always be a whole number but the expected number does not have to be a whole number. If you still
want to round off the number, you need to round it off upwards.)
Answer: 55/60-th of the time there are no more than people there
9. At 5:00 PM, the ATM in the previous problem(s) suddenly sees 110 people an hour arriving to it. That arrival rate
remains unchanged for 60 minutes, until 6:00 PM. If you get there at 5:30 exactly, how many people would you
expect to have in front of you at the ATM when you arrive (including any people using the ATM or waiting to use it)?
(The service time remains unchanged at 45 seconds the whole time.)
Answer: The expected number is
10. How many percent greater air resistance does a 2004 Dodge Durango with a drag coefficient of 0.39 have compared
to a 2015 Chevrolet Cruze with a drag coefficient of 0.28 (if they travel at the same speed)? The Durango has a frontal
cross-section area of 38 ft2 whereas the Cruze has a frontal cross-section area of 25 ft 2.
Answer: The Durango has ....% greater air resistance than the Cruze

11. How many HP do you need to overcome the grade resistance alone in order to drive a 3,000-lb vehicle at 74 mph up a
hill with an elevation change of 1880 feet over a horizontal distance of one mile? Assume there is a constant grade.
Neglect that you also need to overcome rolling resistance, air resistance, etc. So, the answer should cover grade
resistance only.
Answer: You would need HP
12. Standing on an overpass, you observed the number of vehicles (densities) for the northbound direction of I-95 once
every minute between 9:00 AM and 9:05 AM as 4, 5, 2, 3, 3 vehicles over a segment of 2/10 of a mile which is 1,056
feet (i.e., you counted the sum of vehicles for the two lanes). During these 5 minutes, a total of 86 cars passed under
the overpass in the northbound direction. Estimate the space-mean speed with at least one accurate decimal.
Answer: The space-mean speed is mph
13. Construction of an Interstate means that one lane (out of the two lanes) is closed down in the northbound direction.
During peak hour, there are 2500 vph approaching the construction zone, but only 1950 vph can pass through it.
Space-mean speed well upstream (prior to the construction) is 71 mph but in the congested area only 14 mph.
Estimate the velocity of the shock-wave (i.e., the velocity with which the border between fast moving and slow
moving vehicles is moving south). Assume that both lanes are used right up to where one lane is dropped [for
construction].
Answer: The shockwave will be moving at mph
14. Estimate the TOTAL capacity of vehicles that can make a left turn (finding gaps in oncoming traffic) if the critical gap
is 5.1 seconds and the follow-up time is 3.1 seconds and the opposing (oncoming) flow is 1300 vph. Remember that
some gaps may be able to accommodate not only one or two vehicles but even higher numbers.
(It may be smart to use Excel for this.)
Answer: The total left-turn capacity will be vph
15. A one-lane approach to a traffic signal carries 530 vehicles per hour. The saturation flow for this approach has been
determined to be exactly 1360 vph. The signal cycle time is set at 70 seconds. How many seconds of green time
should be allocated to this approach if we want a degree of saturation (v/c-ratio) of exactly 85%? Give answer with
one correct decimal.

Answer: The approach should have seconds of green time to get a v/c-ratio of 0.85
16. Roundabouts slow people down because of the centrifugal force acting on a driver. If we want the driving speed for a
left-turning driver to be 22 mph when they are subjected to a side force of 0.32 g, what radius should the driving
path have? The roundabout drains from its center towards its outer edge with a slope of 2% (superelevation)? Give
answer to the nearest foot. (Use textbook equation rather than looking up answer.)
Answer: The radius should be . feet
17. If the graph on Slide 7 in Chapter 3 (replicated here, showing the number of reported crashes and other information by
driver age in one year) holds true for any year, how many reported crashes would a typical person be expected to have
been involved in (as a driver) the day they turn 22 years old, if they started driving the day they turned 16?
Age
(a)
1617
1820
2124
2534
3544
4554
5564
65+
SUM

Licensed
drivers
(b)
15,232
42,086
69,972
196,079
207,575
148,268
101,505
85,469
866,186

Driverportion

Crashes

Crashportion

Risk

(c)
1.76%
4.86%
8.08%
22.64%
23.96%
17.12%
11.72%
9.87%
100.00%

(d)
3,468
5,736
6,831
14,561
11,647
7,366
4,537
3,447
57,593

(e)
6.02%
9.96%
11.86%
25.28%
20.22%
12.79%
7.88%
5.99%
100.00%

(e/c)
3.4
2.0
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.0

Percentin
crashes
(d/b)
23%
14%
10%
7%
6%
5%
4%
4%
7%

(Pick closest alternative)

Answer:

0.1;

0.5;

0.9;

1.0;

1.1;

1.2;

1.3;

1.5;

2;

3;

5;

10

18. In 2013, the US had an average fatality rate of 11.4 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants. How many people in the United
States would have been expected to be killed as a result of motor-vehicle accidents in 2013 if the fatality rate per
100,000 people instead had been that of Swedens 2013 rate? Pick closest alternative.
Answer:
805;
1,250;
1,750;
4,050;
8,050;
12,500;
17,500;
40,500;
125,000