1.

Ackerman dan Proffit mengklasifikasikan insisivus dalam 3 kelas berbeda, yaitu :

(1) Klas I
tepi insisal insisivus sentralis rahang bawah berkontak di bawah cingulum
tertinggi dari insisivus sentralis rahang atas.
(2) Klas II
tepi insisal insisivus sentralis rahang bawah berkontak di belakang cingulum
tertinggi insisivus sentralis rahang atas,
Klas II kemudian dibagi lagi menjadi 2 divisi, yaitu
divisi 1 : insisivus sentralis rahang atas mengalami proklinasi dan
divisi 2 : insisivus sentralis rahang atas mengalami retroklinasi.
(3) Klas III
tepi insisal insisivus rahang bawah berada di di depan puncak cingulum insisivus
sentralis rahang atas, sehingga gigitan terbalik atau overjet negatif

7. Analisis jaringan lunak wajah

a. Glabella (G) : titik paling anterior dari dahi pada dataran midsagital.
b. Nasion kulit (N) : titik paling cekung pada pertengahan dahi dan hidung.
c. Pronasale (Pr) : titik paling anterior dari hidung.
d. Subnasale (Sn) : titik dimana septum nasal berbatasan dengan bibir atas.

e. Labrale superior (Ls) : titik perbatasan mukokutaneus dari bibir atas.

f. Superior labial sulcus (SLS) : titik tercekung diantara Sn dan Ls.
g. Stomion superius (Stms) : titik paling bawah dari vermillion bibir atas.
h. Stomion inferius (Stmi) : titik paling atas dari vermillion bibir bawah.
i. Labrale inferius (Li) : titik perbatasan dari membran bibir bawah.
j. Inferior labial sulcus (ILS) : titik paling cekung di antara Li dan Pog.
k. Pogonion kulit (Pog) : titik paling anterior jaringan lunak dagu.
l. Menton kulit (Me) : titik paling inferior dari jaringan lunak dagu.

Oklusi sentris adalah hubungan kontak maksimal dari gigi-gigi rahang atas dan rahang bawah
waktu rahang bawah dalam keadaan relasi sentris.
Relasi sentris adalah hubungan rahang bawah dengan rahang atas pada mana kepala
sendi/condyle berada dalam keadaan paling dorsal dalam cekungan sendi/ glenoid fossa tanpa
mengurangi kebebasannya untuk bergerak ke lateral.

In the maxillary anterior region, premature loss is usually caused by trauma. In the deciduous
dentition, one or two maxillary central incisors are most frequently involved. An intruding
movement of a maxillary central deciduous incisor may result in a displacement of the superiorly
located crown of the corresponding central permanent incisor. Delayed emergence or no
spontaneous emergence at all of the latter may be the result. The situation is even worse when
the inclination of the permanent tooth germ becomes changed. As a result, the crown may attain
an abnormal position, usually a more or less horizontal one with its incisal edge directed
ventrally. The formation of the tooth is completed in the original setting. The crown may become
misshapen. However, in most instances, trauma takes place after root formation of the permanent
central incisor has already commenced. The deviation in the tooth will then be located at the
root.
Noor only slightdisplacement of the central permanent incisor occurs when the trauma does
not involve an intruding movement of its predecessor. This is frequently the case when the
deciduous central incisor is lost in an accident, as often happens in the last phase of the complete
deciduous dentition stage. Then the consequences of the trauma are generally limited to a more
labial eruption and emergence of the central permanent incisor involved and a considerable delay
in its piercing of the gingival tissueoften more than one year.48 The presence of the maxillary
central deciduous incisors is not essential in the maintenance of space for their successors in the
dental arch. Further, maxillary central deciduous incisors do not play a role, like the lateral ones,
in the increase of the transverse intercanine distance (Fig. 15-1A). A maxillary lateral deciduous
incisor is most frequently lost prematurely by too early resorption of its root in association with
the eruption of the adjacent central permanent incisor. As has been explained, this type of
premature loss usually takes place only in cases of crowding. It often occurs bilaterally (Fig. 151B). After premature loss of a maxillary lateral deciduous incisor, the deciduous canine on that
side will not become displaced laterally during the eruption of the maxillary central permanent
incisor in the way explained in Chapter 4. In cases of bilateral premature loss of maxillary lateral
deciduous incisors, the intercanine distance does not increase. After unilateral premature loss,
both maxillary central permanent incisor crowns will migrate in the direction where the extra
space in the dental arch has become available. This movement will result in a discordance of the
medians of the two dental arches. The maxillary and mandibular contact points between the
central incisors or the midpoints of the central diastema will no longer match. The dentition
shows midline deviation. The eruption of a maxillary lateral permanent incisor may be associated
with premature loss of the adjacent deciduous canine in a similar way as indicated above (Figs.
15-1C and D). Unilateral premature loss will be followed by migration of the four maxillary
permanent incisors toward the site of the loss. A midline deviation will result. Later, insufficient
space will be available for the permanent canine in the dental arch, which will emerge in a buccal
position and become located outside the dental arch. Bilateral premature loss of deciduous
canines in crowding usually will lead to buccal position of both maxillary permanent canines.
http://pocketdentistry.com/15-results-of-premature-loss-of-deciduousteeth/#fig1501-A

http://www.indjos.com/article.asp?issn=09766944;year=2012;volume=3;issue=1;spage=13;epage=18;aulast=Pasricha
Centric Relation (Latest)
The maxillomandibular
relationship in which the
condyles articulate with
the thinnest avascular
portion of their respective
disks with the complex in
the anterior-superior
position against the slopes
of the articular eminences.
This occurs with a purely
rotary movement about a
transverse (terminal hinge)
horizontal axis,
independent of tooth
contact.

Centric Occlusion
New C.O. is the occlusion
of opposing teeth when the
mandible is in centric relation.
This may or may not coincide
with the maximum
intercuspation position.