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Tutorial 3 Solutions
Question 1:
Hinge
Surface
1m
Water
3m
Gate
Latch
yC =
4R
3
hC = 0.5 + yC = 0.5 +
4 1
= 0.924 m
3
R2
2
= 14.21 kN
I xC
hC A
Thus,
hR = 0.924 +
0.1098
= 1.0 m
0.924 12 2
In an equilibrium state, the sum of moments about the hinge is zero. That is,
Surface
Hinge
hC
hR
yC
yR
R=1m
FR
Latch
FL
M = F
y R FL R = 0
Thus the reaction force from the latch (in the direction shown above) is obtained as
FL =
The force on the latch is in the opposite direction and of the same magnitude.
Question 2:
Surface
hR
Water
hC
Gate
Gate
0.6 m
1m
Axle
0.4 m
1m
where
0.6 + 0.4
= h + 0.5
2
A = 11 = 1 m 2
hC = h +
Thus,
FR = 998 9.81 (h + 0.5) 1 = 9790 (h + 0.5) N
hR = hC +
I xC
hC A
where
I xc =
1 4
1 3 1
m
ba = 1 13 =
12
12
12
Therefore,
hR = (h + 0.5) +
1 12
1
= (h + 0.5) +
(h + 0.5) 1
12(h + 0.5)
hR < h + 0.6
That is,
(h + 0.5) +
1
< h + 0.6
12(h + 0.5)
h > 0.333 m
(b) When h = 0,
Surface
Axle
hR
hC
0.6 m
0.4 m
FR
FS
1
= 0.6667 m
12(0 + 0.5)
M = F (h
R
0.6 ) FS 0.4 = 0
Thus,
Question 3:
Cable
1.5 m
Gate
Water
60o
Hinge
The width of the gate is 1 m.
sin 60 o =
1.5
= 1.7321 m
where hC is the vertical depth to the centroid of the submerged part of the gate. Since the
water depth is 1.5 m,
hC = 0.75 m
I xC
yC A
where yR and yC are measured along the gate from the water surface (see the sketch below).
T
hC
yC
FR
yR
Hinge
Mg
2m
Since
sin 60 o =
hC
yC
yC =
4
0.75
= 0.866 m
sin 60 o
I xC =
1
1
w 3 = 1 1.73213 = 0.4315 m 4 .
12
12
Thus,
y R = yC +
I xC
0.4315
= 0.866 +
= 1.154 m
yC A
0.866 1.7321
In an equilibrium state, the sum of moments about the hinge is zero. That is,
M = T 2 sin 60
Mg 1 cos 60 o FR ( y R ) = 0
Question 4:
O
Oil
Water
h1 = 1 m
FR1
FR2
h2 = 2 m
FR3
4m
Consider the right side wall of the tank. Three pressure prisms can be drawn as shown above:
(1) A triangle (the upper one) due to hydrostatic pressure of the oil layer. The resultant
force is FR1.
(2) A rectangle (lower right) due to hydrostatic pressure of the oil layer acting over the
water layer. The resultant force is FR2.
(3) A triangle (lower left) due to hydrostatic pressure of the water layer. The resultant
force is FR3.
The components of the resultant force are calculated from the pressure prisms as follows:
FR 2
1
( oil h1 )A1 = 1 0.8 9.81 103 1 (1 2) = 7.85 kN
2
2
= ( oil h1 )A2 = 0.8 9.81 103 1 (2 2 ) = 31.39 kN
FR1 =
FR 3 =
1
( water h2 )A2 = 1 9.81 103 2 (2 2) = 39.24 kN
2
2
where dR, d1, d2 and d3 are the distances to the respective resultant forces measured from O.
Since FR1, FR2 and FR3 act through the centroids of their respective pressure prisms, it follows
that
d1 =
2
7
m, d 2 = 2 m, d 3 = m
3
3