Abstract

A complex clause refers to the ways in which a clause combine with other clause to
form a clause complex. A simple sentence in a clause complex can repeat over and over again.
This is due to the recursive quality of language. A clause which can form a sentence on its
own is called an independent clause while a clause which cannot stand as a grammatical
entity is called a subordinate or dependent clause
Clauses within complexes are interrelated grammatically in two systems, taxis and
logico-semantic. Logico-semantic system of a language is represented by two types of
relationships: projection which includes direct and indirect speech and thought and expansion
which includes the meanings realized by conjunctions
In this paper we are concerned only with the expansion phenomenon. We structured
the paper into three distinctive parts. In the first part we make a short presentation of the taxis
and logico-semantic systems, the ways they combine within clause complexes. The second
part analyses the three major types of expansion: elaboration, extension and enhancement that
can be finite (paratactic and hypotactic) or non-finite. The third part offers a short text
analysis of a short story, analyzing especially the expansion phenomena, but also the other
systems are exemplified through the text.

UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA

FACULTATEA DE LITERE
STUDII DE MASTERAT
SPECIALIZARE: STUDII DE LIMBA ENGLEZA SI
LITERATURI ANGLO-AMERICANE

COORDONATOR:
Conf. Univ. Dr. Mdlina Cerban
MASTERAND:
Frumuelu Andreea

CRAIOVA
Iulie 2016

UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA

FACULTATEA DE LITERE
STUDII DE MASTERAT
SPECIALIZARE: STUDII DE LIMBA ENGLEZA SI
LITERATURI ANGLO-AMERICANE

TYPES OF RELATIONS BETWEEN CLAUSES.

EXPANSION
TIPURI DE RELATII INTRE FRAZE.
EXPANSIUNEA

COORDONATOR:
Conf. Univ. Dr. Mdlina Cerban
MASTERAND:
Frumuelu Andreea
CRAIOVA

Contents

Introduction...........................................................................................p. 3
1. Chapter I Complex sentences...................................................................p. 5
1.1.

Taxis ...............................................................................................p. 6

1.2.

Logico-semantic relations...............................................................p. 8

2. Chapter II Expansion...............................................................................p. 13
2.1.

Elaboration......................................................................................p. 13
Paratactic elaboration..........................................................p. 14

2.1.2.

Hypotactic elaboration........................................................p. 14

2.2.

2.1.1.

Extension........................................................................................p. 16
Paratactic extention............................................................p. 16

2.2.2.

Hypotactic extension..........................................................p. 18

2.3.

2.2.1.

Enhancement..................................................................................p. 19
2.3.1.

Paratactic enhancement......................................................p. 19

2.3.2.

Hypotactic enhancement....................................................p. 20

3. Chapter III The system of expansion in The Nightingale

and the Rose by Oscar Wilde......................................p.23

Conclusions..........................................................................................p. 31
References............................................................................................p. 32