..

*

, 196
2016

2050.
,
,

. ,


,

.



, .. .



.


,
,

,
,

.

1.



,


.
.

,

,
,

.


.. 7.000

30%
,

.

,


,

.
,

,
.

2.

,

.
(commuter rail)

, .,
. (regional rail)


,
1-2
50-200 km,


()
.


,

, .
,

.


, (,
, , .)


. ,

.



.

18
. , 21 .

.
50 .
, .

1:
(..
).

3.

1
,
. ,

,
2018

1:

(3)
.
7.000
:
- 4.000 ..
- 3.000


.
..

, ,
.
,

.
.
:
- 60
24/7, 70%

 30%

- 1,9 .
- 1,3 .
- 1,9 . (
& )
:
-

-
,
-
,
,

-
,

:
-
,

( )
- ,

2019
-
.
,
,

.
-

(..
1,46 /km, 2,22 /km)
-
90% ,


, , 4.000
,

, 3.000

.
,
,

, .

, ,
.



,
,

.

4.

,

,
.

,



.

. ,
.



,

. ,


,

,


( ,
, ,
, .).
:
-

-

.

- ,


. ,

,

- ,


( ,
)
-
(3)
,
.

.

550 m,
,
.
-
,

,

.
-


,

5.

:
-


-


-



,

.
,
.

20 ,
.

,
.

,
, 20 ,

 .

.

,

2019,
,
. 4199/2013
,
,
. .
,
160 ( 80
)
.


.

,
. 10%
800-900 .

,
.
,
.

( )

,
24001/2013,

, :
= [iXi(iA+i+0,0000335/i)+((/15++)/2496+
/1980)ii/i](1+)(1+),
.
, ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
.

6.

,
,
,

.


,

 ,


,
.
, (3)

,
.
1:


:
-


- ,

,

( ),

.
2:


, :
- 1,


- ,

, .


,

.
-
,
.

, ,

2019 . 4199/2013



.
3:


,

 ,
, .
,

,
,
,
,

.

.

,

.
1
.
1:
(..

,
).

1
2
3

245.236, 342.820, 474.222,
()
00
00
00
(/)

125.986, 129.735, 129.735,
()
00
00
00
(/)

66.254,0
()
0
(/)

21.888,0 21.888,0 21.888,0
()
0
0
0
(/)

& 44.712,0 44.712,0 44.712,0
()
0
0
0
(/)

()
15
19
24
( ,
20 .)

()
7
14
20
( ,
20 .)


240
360
380
()

7
(
& )


1.040

( /)

(modal split)

9%
( 6.000
12.000 /.)

305.000

,00
(/)

1.480

1.920

12%

16%

405.000
,00

475.000
,00

7.

.

,

1.000-2.000 ,

36 km.

,


.

..,
0,3-0,5 .
.
,
,

.


,
,
.
,
..,

,

,
.

,


(regional) ,

,

3.000
,

.

(2011),


, ,
European Commission (2014), Fourth report on monitoring
development of the rail market, Brussels, Belgium
. 4199/2013 ( 216/11-10-13)


24001/2013 ( 1449/14-06-13)

European Commission (2014), Guide to Cost-Benefit
Analysis of Investment Projects Economic appraisal tool for
Cohesion Policy, Brussels, Belgium
. (2009),
, ,
. (2014),

, ,
Baumgartner J.P. (2001), Prices and Costs in the Railway
Sector, EPFL/LITEP, Lausanne
. (2014),
, ,
.. (2015), 2015,
,
.. (2014),

V

, .. 177,
Ross J. (2000), Railway Stations: Planning, Design and
Management, Architectural Press

 2:
(Leuk, CH).


,
.

,
,
,

,
. Qr189 Wikimedia
Commons, Creative Commons Attribution-Share
Alike 3.0 Unported License,
Integration of local bus and train service.jpg,
:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Integration_o
f_local_bus_and_train_service.JPG
*
/ / , 2003
MSc ,
, 2004
MSc ,
2011
../