Zakrye Toliver

9/16/16
Prd 3
Crash Test Huevos Research Paper

Throughout the 19th century humans have been trying to make traveling somewhere
faster and easier, but with faster cars, airplanes, etc. Means a higher risk of serious or fatal
injuries. So we as humans started modifying our cars to be safer than and just as efficient as a
car without these modifications. Some examples of these modifications are mentioned below,
but first we have to test these modifications to make sure that these modifications work and are
the best option for safety possible. Hence the creation of the crash test.
The history of the crash test happens surprisingly in the modern era. In 1967 the
National Transportation Safety board was established. Their job was to monitor and regulate
safety precautions of cars. In 1979 the NHSTA started conducting crash tests on very popular
cars. During this time the popular type of car was the sport car that can reach higher speeds
then the standard car. In 1995 frontal offset crash tests started to become regulatory. In 2003
impact crash tests were started.
Early 1950s Cornell Aeronautical Laboratories study
vehicle accidents to determine how to make cars safer. "Gard Dummy," a research dummy, is
produced by Grumman-Alderson. 1966 President Lyndon Johnson signs the National Traffic and
Motor Vehicle Safety Act, requiring the government to set safety standards for new vehicles.
1971 Ford builds prototype air bags. 1973 first passenger car with air bags is commercially sold.
President Bush signs a law requiring air bags in all cars as of 1998, and truck as of 1999.
Some ways that they would modify cars to protect the person inside would be adding
airbags to the cars to make sure that your inward inertia would stop. So you would not fly
straight out the windshield. Another example of a modification to a vehicle is cross or x shaped
seatbelts that would keep a small child from flying forward during a crash and obtain a serious
or fatal injury.
Some more modifications include changing your tires based on the seasons. Summer
Tires are used during hot, dry and slightly wet conditions not good in cold, ice, and snow
however. Orbital grooves and complex directional patterns this helps with handling and driver
control. Winter Tires Are use a different type of rubber then summer tires. Winter tires remain
softer than summer tires in lower temperatures which helps them climb up hills, handle corners
and brake with more efficiency then all other types of tires. Winter tires have thicker tread to
maximize traction on ice, snow, etc. All season Tires Are meant to use all year and hardly have
to be replaced. All season tires are not good for performance or icy (snowy) roads. All Season
Tires come in two classes Touring Tires and Passenger Tires. Touring tires provide low noise
and efficient handling. Passenger Tires give a smoother less bumpy ride and last longer.
Performance tires only used to come in cars like Dodge Challengers, Lamborghinis, and Dodge
Vipers. Now they are available for all car types such yes even the smart car. There are also
Custom ones for Snow, Cold weather, and off-road. 4Main Classes Performance Designed for
drivers who want to have style and low speed traction. High performance Meant to increase
handing and stability at high speeds. Ultra-high performance Meant for extreme performance,

typically the fastest tires one can find on the most exotic supercars and luxury sedans out now.
Competition These are meant for specific race events. They are technically street legal, though
they aren't very practical for commuter purposes due to their groove-free design and special
racing compounds. Truck Utility Identifiable by its staggered tread pattern which provides
advanced traction for snow, mud, and off-road driving, the utility tire also resists wear more than
most all terrain incorporates multiple tread patterns with a durable compound. Highway Use
These tires are designed with enhanced compounds to provide smoother rides, and can be
used in all seasons. Performance Advanced tires that are built to withstand higher speeds,
while providing better braking and handling in all road conditions. Off-Road Tires with the most
aggressive tread design you will find, meant for challenging off-road conditions and able to
power through snow, silt, mud, and more.
As cars change through the years so do the crash test dummies? Side Impact
Dummy. Data such as spine and rib deceleration as well as those resulting from
compression of chest cavity can be obtained from a side impact dummy. Rear Impact
Dummy. His is designed to provide information with regards to whiplash and also helps
designers in designing reliable head and neck restraining devices. Child dummy. His dummy
is used to test the reliable of child restraining devices such as airbags and seat belts. Facial
Impact Dummy. An advanced dummy called Thor has a more human like pelvis and spine
while its face has multiple face sensors that reliably help in evaluating facial impacts at a
high level.
The safest car ever is the Audi A4 4WD with 0 fatalities crazy right. Knowing this I could
look at this picture and design my car based on this.

It also is one of the best rated cars on the crash test making it my #1 choice of body choice and
modifications.

CITATIONS
Audi A4 4WD. N.d. Audi, n.p.
Piziali, Robert L., Ph.D. "Occupant Protection / Restraints." Home. Exponent, n.d. Web.
31 Aug. 2016.
"History of Car Safety." Crash Test. N.p., 2016. Web. 31 Aug. 2016.
"Top Safety Picks by Year." Current IIHS TOP SAFETY PICKs. IIHS, 1 May 2016. Web.
31 Aug. 2016.
By Providing a Realistic Spinal System, The ADAM's Seated Whole Body Center of
Gravity Varies with the Force Applied to It and Provides a Realistic Response to
Loadings in Pitch, Roll and Yaw Directions. "History of Crash Test Dummies." Home.
Humanetics Innovative Solutions, 5 June 2015. Web. 02 Sept. 2016.

 Hershman, Lawrence L. THE U.S. NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (NCAP):

PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. N.P.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
n.d. PDF.
Http://www.facebook.com/CBSSanFrancisco. "Safest Cars Ever? Not A Single Driver
Died In These 9 Vehicle Models." CBS San Francisco. CBS, 29 Jan. 2015. Web. 07
Sept. 2016
Wood Wheaton GM Supercentre." The 5 Most Common Types of Tires. Wood Wheaton
GM Supercentre, n.d. Web. 09 Sept. 2016.