Professional Documents
Culture Documents
. /
.....
) (.
.
.
dead cost
.
) (
.
_ n]], ] ,,
:
.
.
n _ ],
)( .
.
.
semi-squat
)
(freestyle technique .
.
, ]
)
( .
.
.
:
=
)Moment = (Force) x (Distance
: = ) ( ) (
)(1
Moment = (Weight of load) x (Distance from center of weight of load to a fulcrum) {Equation A}.
. 40
30 . 18
. 10.4
90 ) (.
):(1
= ) 30( ) 18( = 540 .
= ) 90( ) 10.4( = 936 .
) ( = 1476 .
) (
. ) Spinae muscles
2 (.
:
)Moment (counterclockwise) = (Force generated by erector spinae muscles) x (2 in.
) ( = 2
)(2
) (
1476-.
).(2
1476- = 2
1476- 2 / =
= 738-
) 2214-
(.
NIOSH
1981
1981
770 L5-S1
Action Limit (AL).
AL
%75 %99 . :
)Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL
)3 ( 770 .
NIOSH 1981:
)Action Limit (AL) = 90lbs. (6/H) (1-.01[V-30]) (.7+3/D) (1-F/Fmax
= H :
)(
= V )(
= D )(
= F ) \(
= Fmax ) (NIOSH
:
)(MPL) = 3(AL
1991
NIOSH 1991
.
1981
)Recmmanded Weight Limit (RWL
:
Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM
:
)LC = load constant (51 lbs.
HM = horizontal multiplier = 10/H
)]VM = vertical multilpier = (1- (0.0075 [V-30
))DM = distance multiplier = (0.82 + (1.8/D
)AM = asymmetric multiplier = (1 - (0.0032A
)FM = frequency multiplier (from a table
)CM = cuopling multiplier (from a table
A = angle of asymmetry = angular displacement of the load from the saggital plane, measured at the origin
and destination of the lift
],] , ]
.
.
.
20 ) 44( .
.
.
.
.
.
. Herniation
.
.vertebral three-joint-complex
_ _
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
n] ],
. .
. .
.
. :
: .
: .
.
: .
As Strong as is needed , as economic as possible
: .
.
.
.
Recycling Disposal
.
.
:
- - - - - - - -
Life - Cycle avalysis & assessment .
n
, ]]
.
.
.
.
], ]
....
.
],] , ], ]
.
.
.
:
-1 ......
-2 ) (
.
-3 .
-4 ....
.
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
.%1
.%10
.
], ]
.
.
.
.
.
], _, ]
. ISO 3394 ) (
400 600 .
ISO . 400 600
:
.
.
], _, ]
.
.
.
, ], ]
.
n ], ] ],, , ],
:
-1 .
.
1-1 :
) ( -. . - -. .
2-1 :
. . . . .
3-1 -
.
-2 .
1-2 .
2-2 .
3-2 :
: . : . : . : . 4-2 //
.
5-2 .
-3 .
:
Frgility
.
.
.
.
) ( . :
.
- .
n ,],
.
.
. :
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 3 4 8.
- 4 .
- 5 .
- 6 .
- 7 .
- 8 ) (.
- 9 .
- 10
.
- 11 .
n,] , ] , ],
.
.
-:
.
- -.
.
- .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
/ /
: . .
.
: . . ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-.
.
.
.
) (
.
.
.
.
.
.