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DISCUSSION OF BASIC HTML TAGS
CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology
What is HTML?
Hyper Text Markup Language

Language used to design a layout
To specify hyperlinks
A document may contain- text, images, etc.
HTML is not case sensitive
HTML programming is done through notepad or
any text editor
The file is saved as .htm or .html
What HTML is made up of ?

TAGS
ATTRIBUTES
All HTML TAGS are contained in angle brackets < >
Eg. <HEAD> , <H1>, <TABLE>,<FONT>
TAG is a coded HTML command to display a part of a
webpage.
Attribute is a special word used inside a TAG to specify
additional information to TAG such as color, alignment
etc
HTML tags come in pairs
HTML Document Structure

Every HTML document has the following structure:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Title of page is written here</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Html TAGS which define the page
</BODY>
</HTML>
TAGS
<HTML>.</HTML> IDENTIFIES THE AS AN
HTML DOCUMENT.
HTML DOCUMENT BEGINS WITH <HTML>
AND ENDS WITH </HTML>
<HEAD>.</HEAD> CONTAINS THE

INFORMATION OF DOCUMENT
TAGS
<TITLE>.</TITLE>
CONTAINS THE DOCUMENT TITLE WHICH IS
DISPLAYED IN THE BROWSERS TITLE BAR
<BODY>.</BODY>
CONTAINS ALL TAGS,ATTRIBUTES & INFORMATION
TO BE DISPLAYED IN THE WEB PAGE.
<BODY> TAG IS ENTERED BELOW THE CLOSING
</HEAD> TAG AND ABOVE THE CLOSING OF
<HTML> TAG
HTML writing tools

Need a text editor
Notepad, frontpage, etc.
Viewing HTML
HTML document can be viewed in a browser like IE,
Firefox, Opera, Safari etc.
Container Elements
These require starting and ending tags.
These are paired tags.
Eg: <HTML></HTML> ,
<HEAD></HEAD> , <TITLE></TITLE>
Empty Elements
These require starting tag.
Eg: <BR>, <HR>, <IMG>, <LINK>
HEADINGS
Six levels of headings are available.
<H1 ...> text </H1> -- largest of the six
<H2 ...> text </H2>
<H3 ...> text </H3>
<H4 ...> text </H4>
<H5 ...> text </H5>
<H6 ...> text </H6> -- smallest of the six
PARAGRAPH
<P> defines a paragraph
Add ALIGN="position" (left, center, right)
But </P> is optional
PARAGRAPH ALIGNMENTS
< P ALIGN=LEFT> </P>
LINE BREAKS
<BR>
CENTRE TAG
<CENTER></CENTER>
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Text Formatting Tags

<FONT COLOR="red" SIZE="2" FACE="Times Roman">
This is the text of line one </FONT>
<FONT COLOR="green" SIZE="4" FACE="Arial">
Line two contains this text </FONT>
<FONT COLOR="blue" SIZE="6" FACE="Courier"
The third line has this additional text </FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE> Defines a long quotation </BLOCKQUOTE>
To display a horizontal line:

<HR SIZE=4 WIDTH=50%>
<HR SIZE=4 NOSHADE>
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<PRE> Preformatted Text

<PRE> Defines preformatted text
It preserves both spaces and line breaks
<PRE>
if (a < b) {
a++;
b = c * d;
}
else {
a--;
b = (b-1)/2;
}
</PRE>
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LISTS
Ordered Lists:
List of items are marked with numbers
An ordered lists start with the <OL> tag
Each list item start with the <LI> tag
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LISTS
Ordered Lists:
<OL TYPE="1">
<LI> Item one </LI>
<LI> Item two </LI>
<OL TYPE="I" >
<LI> Sublist item one </LI>
<LI> Sublist item two </LI>
<OL TYPE="i">
<LI> Sub-sublist item one </LI>
<LI> Sub-sublist item two </LI>
</OL>
</OL>
</OL>
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LISTS
UnOrdered Lists:
List of items are marked with bullets
An ordered lists start with the <UL> tag
Each list item start with the <LI> tag
Type Attribute can have the value:
TYPE= CIRCLE
TYPE=SQUARE
TYPE=DISC
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LISTS
Unordered Lists:
<UL TYPE="disc">
<LI> One </LI>
<LI> Two </LI>
<UL TYPE="circle">
<LI> Three </LI>
<LI> Four </LI>
<UL TYPE="square">
<LI> Five </LI>
<LI> Six </LI>
</UL>
</UL>
</UL>
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LISTS
Definition Lists:
List of terms and Explanation of terms

Definition lists start with the <DL> tag
Definition list term starts with <DT> tag
Each definition list definition starts with <DD> tag
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LISTS
Definition Lists:
<DL>
<DT> Coffee </DT>
<DD> Black Hot Drink </DD>
<DT> Milk </DT>
<DD> White Cold Drink </DD>
</DL>
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Formatting tags
<B>Bold</B><BR>
<I>Italic</I><BR>
<U>Underlined</U><BR>
Subscripts: f<SUB>0</SUB> + f<SUB>1</SUB><BR>
Superscripts: x<SUP>2</SUP> + y<SUP>2</SUP><BR>
<STRIKE>Strike Through</STRIKE><BR>
<B><I>Bold Italic</I></B><BR>
<FONT COLOR="GRAY">Gray</FONT><BR>
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Images
To display image in a document use <IMG> tag

To display image we need SRC attribute (source)
Value of SRC attribute is the URL of the image
ALT attribute define an alternate text for an image(if the
browser cant load images)
WIDTH, HEIGHT may be in units of pixels or percentage of
page or frame
WIDTH="357"
HEIGHT="50%
Example:
<img src="dolphin.jpg" align="left" width="150" height="150"
alt="dolphin dead!">
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<A> Anchors (HyperLinks)

Link to an absolute URL:
If you get spam, contact <A HREF="htttp://www.microsoft.com">
Microsoft </A> to report the problem.
Link to a relative URL:
See these <A HREF="#references"> references </A>
concerning our fine products.
Link to a section within a URL:
Amazon provided a <A HREF="www.amazon.com/#reference">
reference for our company. </A>
Naming a Section
<H2> <A NAME="#references"> Our References </A> </H2>
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is used to address a document on World Wide Web.
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HYPERLINKS
<BODY>
<H3>Welcome to <A HREF="http://www.manipal.edu">
<STRONG>Manipal Institute of Technology</STRONG></A>
</H3>
</BODY>
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Tables
<TABLE> table tag

<CAPTION> optional table title
<TR>
table row
<TH>
table column header
<TD>
table data element
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Tables
<TABLE BORDER=1>
<CAPTION>Table Caption</CAPTION>
<TR><TH>Heading1</TH>
<TH>Heading2</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>Row1 Col1 Data</TD><TD>Row1 Col2
Data</TD></TR>
Data</TD></TR>
Data</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<TABLE> Element Attributes

ALIGN=position -- left, center, right for table
BORDER=number -- width in pixels of border (including any
cell spacing, default 0)
CELLSPACING=number -- spacing in pixels between cells,
default about 3
CELLPADDING=number -- space in pixels between cell
border and table element, default about 1
WIDTH=number[%]-- width in pixels or percentage of
page/frame width
BGCOLOR=color -- background color of table, also valid
for <TR>, <TH>, and <TD>
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TABLES
cellspacing=10
cellpadding=10
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<TR> Table Row Attributes

Valid for the table row:
ALIGN -- left, center, right
VALIGN -- top, middle, bottom
BGCOLOR -- background color
<TABLE ALIGN="center" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200">

<TR ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" BGCOLOR="red"><TD>One</TD><TD>Two</TD>
<TR ALIGN="center" VALIGN="middle"
BGCOLOR="lightblue"><TD>Three</TD><TD>Four</TD>
<TR ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" BGCOLOR="yellow"><TD>Five</TD><TD>Six</TD>
</TABLE>
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<TD> Table Cell Attributes

Valid for the table cell:
colspan -- how many columns this cell occupies
rowspan how many rows this cell occupies
<TABLE ALIGN="center" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200" border="1">

<TR>
<TD colspan="1" rowspan="2">a</TD>
<TD colspan="1" rowspan="1">b</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD colspan="1" rowspan="1">c</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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Frames
Frames help control navigation and display
<FRAME> attributes include
FRAMEBORDER yes or 1 for borders
FRAMESPACING width of border
BORDERCOLOR color
SRC location of HTML to display in frame
NAME destination for TARGET attribute
MARGINWIDTH left/right margins
MARGINHEIGHT top/bottom margins
SCROLLING yes or 1 adds scroll bar
NORESIZE yes or 1 disables resizing
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Frames
<FRAMESET ROWS="75%,25%">
<FRAMESET COLS="*,*,*">
<FRAME SRC="http://www.google.co.in">
<FRAME SRC="http:// www.google.co.in ">
</FRAMESET>
<FRAMESET COLS="*,*">
</FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET>
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FORMS
Used to select different kind of user input.
Forms is an area that contain form elements
Form elements are elements that allow to enter
information in a form
Defined by < FORM> tag
Action attribute defines the name of the file to
which the contents are sent
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FORMS
INPUT Tag:
Type of input is specified with TYPE attribute.
Text Fields:
Used when we want to type numbers or text.
<input type=text name=first name>
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FORMS
Radio Buttons:
Used when we want user to select one of a limited number of
choices.
Check Boxes:
Used when we want user to select one or more options of a
limited number of choices.
Submit Button:
When user clicks on submit button, the content of the form is
send to the server.
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FORMS
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /><br>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" /><br>
<input type="radio" name=gender" value="male" /> Male<br>
<input type="radio" name=gender" value="female" /> Female<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have <br>a car <br>
Username: <input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" /></FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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FORMS
<TEXTAREA rows=10 cols=30> Deifnes a text area
</TEXTAREA>
<SELECT> Defines a selectable list of items.
<SELECT name=cars>
<OPTION value=alto> ALTO </option>
<OPTION value=santro> SANTRO </option>
</SELECT>
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END OF LECTURE
36

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DISCUSSION OF BASIC HTML TAGS

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

Hyper Text Markup Language

What HTML is made up of ?

HTML Document Structure

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

<HEAD>.</HEAD> CONTAINS THE

HTML writing tools

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

Text Formatting Tags

To display a horizontal line:

<PRE> Preformatted Text

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

List of terms and Explanation of terms

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

To display image in a document use <IMG> tag

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

<A> Anchors (HyperLinks)

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

<TABLE> table tag

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

<TABLE> Element Attributes

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

<TR> Table Row Attributes

<TABLE ALIGN="center" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200">

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

<TD> Table Cell Attributes

<TABLE ALIGN="center" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="200" border="1">

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

CSE 409 Advanced Internet Technology

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