YEAR:

2016

SEMESTER: 2
Semester Test:

SUBJECT
NAME

NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATION

SUBJECT
CODE

NUA301T

QUALIFICATI
ON(S)
TOTAL
MARKS

National Diploma:
Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering

PAPER DESCRIPTION:
DURATION:
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS:
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

100

OPEN BOOK
2 HOURS
NONE
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS MAY BE USED.

NUMBER OF PAGES (COVER PAGE INCLUDED): 4

NUMBER OF PAGES OF APPENDICES: 0

COURSE:
National Diploma:
Mechanical Engineering
Mechatronics

EXAMINER: Prof S Du
MODERATORS:
Internal:

External:

Tshwane University of Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Networks and Communication NUA301T
Semister Test 1, Semester 2-2016
Instruction: Answer all questions.

Duration: 2 hours

QUESTION 1
List the names of 7 layers in OSI model, and associate the of the following descriptions to
the layers.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

Fragmentation of large packets of data into frames which are small enough to
be transmitted.
Data conversion: EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
to ASCII (or vice versa).
Package numbering, checking, and sequencing for receipt.
Giving applications access to the network.
Maintaining connection during transmission.
Use of special graphics or character sets, data compression or expansion, and
data encryption or decryption.
Addressing, routing, establishing and maintaining a logical connection.
Converts the contents of these packets into a series of electrical signals that
represent 0 and 1 values in a digital transmission.

Solution:
Desc.
Layer

A
5

B
2

C
4

D
1

E
3

F
2

G
6

H
7
[15]

QUESTION 2
Give any type of communication system and explain the main components by scratching
the structure diagram.
[10]
Solution:
Line transmission system

QUESTION 3
If a network has an input of 100uW and output is 50mW.
3.1 Calculate the input signal level in dBm;
3.2 Calculate the output signal level in dBm;
3.2 Calculate the gain or loss of the network in dB and Neper.
3.1
Input signal level = 10log(Pin/1mW) = 10log(0.1mW/1mW) = -10dBm
3.2
Output signal level = 10log(Pout/1mW) = 10log(50mW/1mW) = 17dBm
3.3
Gain of the network(dB)= Output signal level(dBm)- Input signal level(dBm)
=17dBm (-10)dBm = 27dB
Or
Gain of the network(dB)=10log(Pout/Pin)
=10log(50mW/100uW)=27dB

(3)
(3)
(4)
[10]

Gain of the network(Neper)=1/2ln(Pout/Pin)

=1/2ln(50mW/100uW)=3.1Neper
QUESTION 4
345 (3 j 5) ;
4.1
(1 j 6) (101.57) ;
4.2
(2)
6 j8
4.3
4.4
e5 j 2
ln(15 j 20)
4.5

(2)

Solution:
345 (3 j 5) = 2.12 + j2.12 + 3 +j5 = 5.12 + j7.12;
4.1
4.2

(1 j 6) (101.57) =

4.3

6 j8 =2.83 + j1.414

(2)
(2)
4.4

e5 j 2 = e 5e j 2
+j134.94

4.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
[10]
(2)

61.4
0.6( 0.17) 0.6 j 0.1 ;
101.57
OR = 100.9273

=148.4 2
(2)

OR =

100.4636 3.160.4636

e 5 (cos(2) + j*sin(2)) = -61.76

ln(15 j 20) =
20
20
ln(25 arctan( )) ln(25) ln( arctan( )) 3.22 ln(e j 0.9273 ) 3.22 j 0.9273
15
15
(2)

QUESTION 5
Explain the differences between random noise, interference, and distortion.
Solution:

[10]

QUESTION 6
Two resistors of 200k and 500 k are at room temperature (290K). For a bandwidth of
10MHz, calculate the thermal noise power in Watt and dBm, and voltage generated by
6.1 each resistor
(5)
6.2 the two resistor in series
(5)
6.3 the two resistor in parallel
(5)
[15]
Solution:
6.1 Thermal noise power, N, to the temperature and bandwidth is
N = k TB watts
Thermal mean square noise voltage generated by a resistance R
_ 2

V 4 k TBR (volt 2 )

For R1=200k
N1=kTB(watts)=1.38x10-23x290x10,000,000(watts)
=4x10-14W
2
-23
Vn1 =4x1.38x10 x290x10,000,000x200,000(v2)=3.2x10-8(v2)
For R2 = 500k
N2 = N1 = 4x10-14W
Vn22=4x1.38x10-23x290x10,000,000x500,000(v2)=8x10-8(v2)
6.2 R1 and R2 in series
The resistor in series at same temperature behave as a single resistor
N=N1=4x10-14W
____
2
n

4 kT B ( R1 R2 )

Vn2=4x1.38x10-23x290x10,000,000x(200,000+500,000)(v2)=1.12x10-7(v2)
6.3 R1 and R2 in parallel

R1 R2

R1 R2

2
-23
Vn =4x1.38x10 x290x100000x200,000x500,000/(200,000+500,000)(v 2)
_____
2
n

4kTB

=2.29x10-8(v2)
N=Vn2/(4xR) (W) = kTB (W) = 4x10-14 (W)

QUESTION 7
For an amplifier with the following parameters:
Input signal power=2x10-10 W
Power gain=1,000,000
Noise figure NF = 5 dB
Total output noise power= 6x10 -12 W
Determine:
7.1 Explain SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO(SNR), and list the units used for SNR
7.2 The noise factor F (ratio)
7.3 Output signal power (W)
7.4 Output SNR(dB)
7.5 Input SNR(dB)
7.6 Input Noise power (W)

(5)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

[15]

Solution:
7.1
7.2 NF = 10log(F)

->

F = 10(NF/10) = 100.5=3.16

7.3 Output signal power(Pso) = (Power gain) x (Input signal power)

= 1,000,000 x 2x10-10w = 2x10-4w
7.4 Output SNR(dB) = 10log(Pso/Pno) (dB)
= 10log(2x10-4/6x10-12) (dB)
= 75 (dB)
7.5 Input SNR(dB) = Output SNR(dB) + NF(dB)
= 75 (dB) + 5 (dB)
= 80 (dB)
7.6 Input Noise power= (Input signal power)/(Input SNR(ratio))
= 2x10-10(W)/10(Input SNR(ratio)/10)
= 2x10-10(W)/ 108
=2x10-18 (W)
Question 8
A T-network is shown in Figure Q9, where Z1 501 ohm, Z 2 502 ohm. Calculate the
characteristic impedance Zo and propagation coefficient of the T-network.
[15]

Figure Q9 A T-network
Solution:

(501) 2 2 * 501 * 502

1040 j 2273 4950 j 705.6

5990 j 2978.6

6687.72.68
81.81.34 ohm

25002 50003

501 502 81.81.34

502
27 j 42 20.8 j 45.5 18.7 j 79.6
ln
502
24.9 j167.1
ln
502
24.9 j167.1
ln
502
1691.42
ln
502
169

ln
(0.58)
50

169
ln
j 0.58
50
1.218 j 0.58
ln