Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Abrasives
Dental abrasives (polishing materials) are
used to remove stain and to polish natural
teeth, prosthetic appliances, restorations,
and castings.
Abrasives are available in extra coarse,
coarse, medium, fine, and extra fine. The
coarser the agent, the more abrasive the
surface.
Even a fine-grit agent removes small
amounts of the enamel surface.
The goal is to always use the abrasive
agent that will produce the least amount of
abrasion to the tooth surface.
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Abrasives - Composition
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Abrasives - Uses
To remove stains
To finish & polish natural teeth and all
types of tooth restorations & replacements
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Mechanism of Action
Rubbing hard abrasive particles over substrate,
a softer material, wears the substrate away.
The wearing process also creates heat and debris.
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Abrasives - Purpose
To finish
To polish
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Abrasives - Purpose
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Abrasives - Types
Finishing
Polishing
Cleansing
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Benefits of Finishing
Restorative Materials
Oral health
Resisting the accumulation of food debris &
pathogenic bacteria
Easy to maintain a hygienic state
Eliminate tarnish & corrosion
Function
Enhanced bcoz food glides more freely over
occlusal & embrasures surfaces
Minimized wear rates of opposing & adj. teeth
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Benefits of Finishing
Restorative Materials
Aesthetics
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Powders
mixed w/ a liquid such as water or glycerin to
make a thin paste termed slurry
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Cups
mixtures of abrasive and binder pressed into
small round shapes hollowed out on one side
and mounted on a screw or mandrel
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Cakes
pressed shapes, but are larger, hand-held, and
for laboratory use
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Strips
relatively long, thin pieces of plastic or metal
w/ abrasive particles attached to one side
They are hand rubbed on proximal surfaces
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Mohs Hardness
Diamond
10
Tungsten Carbide
Aluminum Oxide
Zirconium Silicate
7.5
Quartz
Tin Oxide
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6.5
Pumice
Gypsum
Talc
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Commonly Use
Diamond
Natural mineral or synthetic substitute
supplied as chips bound to metal wheels &
points or as a component of polishing pastes
Extremely hard abrasive & is used to cut
natural teeth
Diamond wheels & points generate significant
heat; the tooth must be cooled w/ water while
they are being used
Diamond paste for polishing composite
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Commonly Use
Aluminum Oxide
Natural supplied as particles bonded to disks,
wheels, strips, stones & points, & as a
component of pastes
It is used for polishing natural teeth
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Commonly Use
Pumice
Ground volcanic glass that is supplied as a
gray powder or a component of various pastes
It is used for finishing & polishing natural &
artificial surfaces
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Commonly Use
Quartz
Also called sand or cuttle
Natural mineral supplied as particles on disks
or strips & used for finishing gold, plastic &
composite
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Commonly Use
Tin Oxide
Very mild abrasive supplied as a white
powder
It is mixed w/ water to form a slurry & used
for polishing enamel & metals
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Commonly Use
Emery
Also called corundum
Natural mineral supplied as particles on strips
& disks
Most people are familiar w/ emery as the
abrasive used on emery boards for shaping
fingernails
In dentistry, it is used for finishing natural
teeth
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Commonly Use
Rouge
Iron oxide, a natural mineral, supplied as a
reddish-brown cake
It is usually used in the laboratory for
polishing gold
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THANK YOU
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