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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to express my heartiest gratitude to my physical
education teacher and a great sportsman Mr. Arun Patil under whose
utmost care I have improved my knowledge and skills about sports and
physical education. He has always encouraged me and taken keen
interest in my project.
I express my deep regards for the respected pricipal madam, Mrs.
Jayshree Khandekar who has always shown keen interest in sports and
physical education. She not only tells us to study subjects like physics,
chemistry and mathematics but to lay stress on the subject of physical
education.
Finally, I would like to express my sincerest thanks and indebtness to
my friends and classmates of physical education who have helped me a
lot to collect, analyse and execute the data for this project.

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HISTORY
The history of football begins from Egypt. In Egypt,
football was played by ball like round object by kicking it
in opposite direction. It was played in China by the name
Tsuchu during 300 B.C to 500 A.D. The meaning of the
word Tsuchuis kicking the ball. This game was very
popular among Chinese soldiers. In Egypt, football was
known as harpaston. In second century, when Roman
people got victory over Egyptians, it also became very
popular in Rome. Romas took it over England when they
conquered England. Football became very popular in
England in 12th century. In those days Great Football
Day used to be celebrated there on every Tuesday.In those
days, teams consisted of approximately 100 players. In
1934, Edward II put a ban on football due to some reasons.
FIFA World Cup 1930
The first club of football named Shefield Football Club
was established in England October 27, 1857. After that
London Football Assosiation was formed in London in 1863. Rugby Football
Association was established in in 1871. The first competetion of football was also
held in 1871. After that the first international level match was played between
England and Scotland on November 1, 1872.
Federation of International Football Association was formed on May 21, 1904.
The first FIFA world cup was held in Uruguay in 1930.
In India, football is controlled by Indian Football Association. The ranking of India
in international football is 148 as in December, 2013.

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Football Field
Dimensions

Shape of playfield
Length of the playfield
Breadth of the playfield
Dimensions of playfield
Height of goalpost
Distance between two poles
Goal area
Penalty area
Penalty spot
Penalty arc
Centre circle
Height of corner flag
Width of marking lines

Rectangular
100-130 yards
50-100 yards
120 yards X 80 yards (maximum)
100 yards X 70 yards
2.44m/ 8 feet
8 yards/ 7.32 m
20 yards X 6 yards
44 yards X 18 yards
12 yards from the centre of the goal
10 yards from the penalty spot
10 yards from the centre spot
5 feet
Maximum 5 inches/12 cm.

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Fundamental skills
PASSING
Passing is one of the most fundamental skills in soccer, as
it is how you move the ball from yourself to another
teammate. For a short basic pass, you will turn your foot
90 degrees to the outside and swing your leg so that the
inside of your leg makes contact. If you want to send the
ball farther, you will swing your leg with more power and
aim for the lower half of the ball, to pop it into the air and
use the inside of your toes.

Receiving a Pass
Whether you are receiving a pass that is on the ground or
traveling through the air, you will want to square your
shoulders to the direction the ball is coming from. If it is
on the ground, turn your foot toward the outside as if you
were passing, and with your knees bent, cushion the ball
so it stops right at your feet. For a ball traveling through
the air, you will most likely want to receive the ball with
your chest. Stand with your back arched slightly
backwards so when the ball hits your chest, it will pop
gently into the air and then land at your feet, rather than
bounce off out of your control.

Shooting
There are a number of
unconventional ways to score a
goal, but the fundamental way to
try to score is by taking a shot.
When shooting, your plant foot,
follow through and where you
contact the ball are all important.
You will want to place your nonshooting foot just outside the ball,

Page | 5
with your toe pointing at the direction you are aiming to shoot. Swing your leg
through the ball, aiming higher on the ball if you want to keep it low or lower on
the ball if you want to send it through the air. Follow through with your shooting
leg, in a hopping motion that brings your plant foot off the ground, and land on the
foot you shot with for the most power.

Dribbling
Outside of passing, dribbling is the primary method of moving the ball up the field.
This works best when you have open field in front of you without pressing
defenders. Most players find success using the top of their foot to push the ball
along the ground when passing, and the more advanced you get the more parts of
your foot you will be able to use when dribbling. The goal of dribbling is to move
the ball quickly while keeping the ball close to your
body, so that you can make a quick decision to pass,
shoot or change direction whenever needed.

Heading
Heading is an essential part of successful soccer
play; around 20% of goals come from headed shots.
A player must be able to pass, shoot, clear and even
control the ball using their head whether this be in a
standing, jumping or diving position. For example, a
central defender must be able to make good headed
clearances whilst having the capacity to move
forward and score with a header from a corner kick.

TACKLING
A sliding
tackle or slide
tackle is
a tacklein footballin which a player attempts to take
the ball away from an opposing player by
deliberately leaving his feet and sliding along the
ground with one leg extended to push the ball away
from the opposing player. Sliding tackles can often
be sources of controversy, particularly when players
being tackled fall down over the tackler's foot (or
the ball stopped by the tackler's foot), and penalties,
free kicks and cards are assessed (or are
conspicuous by their absence).

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Goalkeeping
The goalkeeper is the last line of
defense, in charge of doing
whatever possible to keep the ball
out of the net. As goalie, you can
use your entire body, including
your hands and arms, to stop the
ball. The other fundamental skill
for goalies is punting, which is
how you distribute the ball upfield
after making a save. Hold the ball
over your dominant foot, and then drop the ball as you swing your foot, making
contact and sending the ball through the air. Land on your "shooting" foot on your
follow through like you are taking a shot.

VOLLEY
A volley is an air-borne strike in
association football, where a
player's feet meets and directs
the ball in an angled direction
before it has time to reach the
ground. A volley can be
extremely hard to aim and
requires
good
foot-eye
coordination and timing.

BICYCLE KICK
A bicycle kick (also called overhead kick) is
a physical move made by throwing the body
up into the air, making a shearing movement
with the legs to get one leg in front of the
other without holding on to the ground. The
move can either be done backwards or
sideways.

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Rules And
Regulations
Duration of the Match- The game is played in 2 halves consisting
of 45 minutes each. At the discretion of the referee more time is allowed to
compensate for any stoppage during play.

Start and Restart of Play- A kick-off starts play at the start of the
match or after a goal. A kick-off involves one player kicking the ball, from
stationary, forward from the centre spot. All players must be in their own
half prior to kick-off. After a goal is scored, the team which conceded the
goal will kick-off to restart play.

Ball in and Out of Play- The ball is out of play once a goal has been
scored or when the referee has stopped the game. The ball is in play at all other
times.

Method of Scoring- The ball crosses the goal line inside the goal
mouth.

Offside- It is an offence for a player to be in contact with the ball when they are
closer to the opponents' goal than both the ball and the second-last opponent. The
offside rule exists to ensure there are always opponents between a player receiving
the ball and the goal.

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Fouls- It is an offence to use excessive force whilst playing the game either
deliberately or undeliberately or to handle the ball .The referee may show the
yellow card to caution players for less serious offences and the red card for more
serious offences resulting in the player being sent off. Two yellow cards are
equivalent to one red card.

Free Kicks- Are given by the referee for fouls and misconduct. A free kick
can either be direct or indirect. A goal can be scored directly from a direct free
kick. A goal can only be scored from an indirect free kick if it touches at least one
other player first. The free kick must be taken from a stationary position with that
position varying depending on whether the free kick was given inside or outside
the goal area and whether it's direct or indirect. The opposing team must be a
minimum of 9.15 m from the ball when the free kick is taken.

Penalty Kicks- Are given against a team when they commit an offence
which would normally be awarded a direct free kick inside their goal area. The
ball is kicked from stationary from the penalty spot. The opposing team must be
outside of the penalty area and at least 9.15 m from the ball.

Throw-in- Used to restart play after the whole of the ball has crossed the
touch line.

Goal kick- Used to restart play after a goal has been scored.
Corner Kick- Is given when the whole of the ball crosses the goal line and
was last touched by a member of the defending team. A corner kick is taken from
inside the corner arc closest to the point where the ball crosses the goal line. The
defending team must be at least 9.15 m from the ball when the corner kick is taken.

Page | 9

Terminologies
Attacker: A player whose job is to play the ball forward towards the
opponent's goal area to create a scoring opportunity.

BackHeel: A ball kicked using the back (heel) of the foot.

BackPass: A pass that a player makes back toward their own goal, usually
made back to the goalkeeper. This is often a defensive move to restart a new phase
of play.

BallCarrier: The player in possession of the ball.

CenterSpot: The spot marked at the center of the field from which the
kickoff is made.

CornerFlag: The flag marking each of the four corners of the field.
Cross: A pass played across the face of a goal.
Defender: A player whose job is to stop the opposition attacking players
from goal scoring.

DummyRun: A run by a player without the ball, to lure defenders away from
the ball carrier.

FarPost: The goalpost farthest from the ball.

GiveandGo: (also known as a 1-2) When a player passes the ball to a
teammate, who immediately one-touch passes the ball back to the first player.

GoalArea: The rectangular area in front of the goal in which the goalkeeper
may handle the ball. It is also known as the 18-yard box because of its dimensions.

GoalLine: The two boundary lines located at each end of the field.
Inswinger: A kick that curves in toward the goal.

P a g e | 10

Kickoff: The kickoff is taken from the center spot at the start of play at the
beginning of each half and after a goal has been scored.

MantoManMarking: A defensive system where defenders are

designated one attacking player to track continuously.

Midfielder: The playing position for players that are responsible for linking
play between attackers and defenders.

Nearpost: The goalpost nearest the ball.

OffsideTrap: A technique used by defenders to put attacking players in an
offside position, by moving quickly away from their own goal to leave attackers
offside.

One-TouchPass: A pass in which the ball is played on with a player's first

touch.

OutSwinger: A kick that swerves away from the goal.

PenaltySpot: The marked spot 12 yards from the goal line from which a
penalty kick is taken.

Striker: An attacking player whose job is to finish attacking plays by scoring

a goal.

ThroughPass: A pass played past defenders into free space to allow a

teammate to run onto the ball.

TouchLine: The line that defines the outer edge of the longer sides of the
field of play.

Wingers: Attackers who play on the wings/flanks of the field.

Zone Defense: A defensive system where defenders mark a designated area
of the field of play instead of tracking players across the field.

P a g e | 11

Sports Equipments
Jersey
Most jerseys are made out of light synthetic
fabrics, specially engineered to keep players dry.
Anything that fits loosely and comfortably, with
long or short sleeves, is fine.

Shorts
There are very few rules for shorts since over the
years players have worn everything from wide
baggy ones to things that resemble small running
shorts. Again, the rule of thumb should be
comfort and freedom of movement. Only
basketball-style shorts that fall below the knee
are not recommended.

Socks
Football socks are typically made out of heavy
cotton or a thick, durable synthetic fabric that
reaches the knee. They should protect your feet
from too much friction with your studs and
cover your shinguards

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Shinguards
Shinguards are extremely important at any level of football. Though
they cannot prevent major breaks and serious injury, they will save
you from the daily knocks and bruises that invariably find their way
onto players shins. Shinguards fit on the front of your leg with
Velcro straps and may or may not include a section designed to
support your ankle.

Studs
Studs seem to come in dozens of shapes, sizes,
and prices. The most important things are
comfort and a close fit so that they offer full
support through all the sudden starts, stops, and
turns of football. It is also critical to make sure
that your studs are suited to the type of surface
you are playing on.

Gloves
Goalkeepers are the only players who wear gloves all
the time. Again, there are countless models out there so
it is important to find a design that offers maximum
mobility to your fingers and support to your wrists.

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Officials and their

duties

The Referee
The referee is the most important of the four officials on the pitch. Only he carries
a whistle and he uses it to signal the starts and stops of play. Those include kickoff,
half-time, full-time, goals, and fouls.
In the event of a foul, the referee can blow his whistle to award a free kick or a
penalty kick if it happens to occur inside the penalty area and penalize the
player who committed it. A referees first recourse is usually a stern verbal
warning.

P a g e | 14
But beyond that, the referee can show the player a yellow card. A player who
receives two yellow cards in a game is sent off and his team will have to continue
with one fewer players on the pitch.
Besides the yellow card, the referee also carries a red card which he can use to
punish especially serious infractions. The red card means an immediate dismissal.
The referee also has the power to dismiss a manager from the sideline.

The Linesmen
There are two linesemen in an officiating crew, each assigned to one half of the
field. As their name indicates, they patrol the length of the touch line between the
halfway line and one goal line. They each carry a brightly-colored flag and use it to
signal when the ball has left the pitch either for a throw-in, a goal kick, or a corner
kick.
Linesmen will also wave their flags to catch the referees attention if they believe
they have spotted a foul.
Finally, it is also the linesmans responsibility to signal when an attacking player is
in an offside position by raising his flag. No matter what, however, a linesmans
call does not take effect unless the referee blows the whistle.

The Fourth Official

The fourth official, positioned on the touchline between the two opposing benches
has three primary functions. First, he keeps track of all the stoppages during the
game. And, at the end of each half, he informs the players how much time will be
added on to make up for them by flashing a number on a board.
The fourth official is also in charge of verifying substitutions. He checks a
substitutes equipment before recording the change and posting the numbers of the
players involved on the board.

P a g e | 15

Important
tournaments and
venues
FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup is the biggest single-event sporting
competition in the world and is contested by the senior
men's national teams from the 209 Member Associations
of FIFA. The competition has been played every four
years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in
1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the
Second World War.

I league
The I-League is an Indian professional league for
association football clubs. At the top of the Indian
football league system, it is the country's top football
competition. Contested by 14 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and
relegation with the I-League 2nd Division. Seasons run from October to May, with
teams playing 26 matches each, totalling 182 matches in the season. Most games
are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played during weekdays.

P a g e | 16

UEFA Champions League

The UEFA Champions League, known simply as the
Champions League, and originally known as the
European Champion Clubs' Cup or European Cup, is
an annual continental club football competition
organised by the Union of European Football
Associations (UEFA) since 1955 for the top football
clubs in Europe. It is one of the most prestigious
tournaments in the world and the most prestigious club
competition in European football.

OLYMPIC GAMES
Theoldest and most traditional international
tournament in world football.After serving as
a demonstration sport at the some of the first
Olympic Games, the football tournament of
the Olympic Games reached its peak in the
1920s when the tournament must be regarded
as the world championship of that time.

FIFA Confedreations Cup

The FIFA Confederations Cup is an international
association football tournament for national teams,
currently held every four years by FIFA. It is contested
by the holders of each of the six FIFA confederation
championships, along with the FIFA World Cup holder
and the host nation, to bring the number of teams up to
eight.
Since 2005, the tournament has been held in the nation
that will host the FIFA World Cup in the following year,
acting as a rehearsal for the larger tournament.

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VENUES
Salt Lake Stadium
Salt Lake Stadium is the largest stadium
in India, and the second-largest stadium
in the world by capacity of 120,000
people.

The Camp Nou

It is a stadium situated in Barcelona,
Spain and is the largest stadium in
Europe with a seating capacity of about
100,000 people.

Estdio do Maracan
The Estdio do Maracan, officially
Estdio Jornalista Mrio Filho, is
astadium
in
Rio
de
Janeiro,
Brazil.Although the paid attendance at
the final game of the 1950 FIFA World
Cup was 199,854 (being the world's
largest stadium by capacity, when it was
inaugurated), the stadium currently seats
78,838 spectators, making it the largest
stadium in Brazil and in South America.

P a g e | 18

SPORTS PERSONALITIES
Pel
Simply he was, and for many people still is, the
greatest football player of the world. Not a single
thing was impossible for him: he won three
World Cups with his National Team of Brazil
(Sweden 1958, Chile 1962, Mexico 1970). He
scored more than 1,200 goals during his long
career (more than 1,300 official matches). Now
he is a United Nation's Ambassador and has been
also Minister for Sports in his country, but, for
the people who saw him make magics with his
right foot, he is, now and forever, the biggest
footballer in the world, and the one and only
"King".

Diego Maradona
Diego Armando Maradona Franco is an
Argentine football coach as well as a manager
and former player. He was joint FIFA Player of
the 20th Century with Pel.
He is the only footballer to set world-record
contract fees twice. In his international career,
playing for Argentina, he earned 91 caps and
scored 34 goals.
He played in four FIFA World Cup tournaments,
including the 1986 tournament, where he
captained Argentina and led them to their victory

P a g e | 19
over West Germany in the final, winning the Golden Ball award as the
tournament's best player. In that same tournament's quarterfinal round, he scored
both goals in a 21 victory over England that entered football history, though for
two different reasons. The first goal was via an unpenalized handball known as the
"Hand of God", while the second goal followed a 60 m (66 yd) dribble past five
England players, voted "The Goal of the Century" by FIFA.com voters in 2002.

Johan Cruyff
Johan Cruyff is voted the best European football
player of the twentieth century (and the second
best world player). He started his career with
AJAX Amsterdam and led them to 4 European
finals of which 3 were won (1971/1972/1973). In
1973 Cruyff joined Barcelona (for the then
record-fee of 6 million guilders. With the Dutch
national team he became the inventor of Total
Football in 1974. H then retired. Due to bad
investments het was forced back to the pitch. He
then retired as an active player.
After a few years he became involved again with
Ajax. He coached them for a few years, winning
the European cup winners cup. He then coached Barcelona for a few years,
winning the European Champions league for the first time and four times the
Spanish league.

Baichung bhutia
Baichung Bhutia is an Indian
footballer who plays as a striker.
Bhutia is considered to be the
torchbearer of Indian football in
the international arena.

P a g e | 20
Bhutia has had four spells at I-League football team East Bengal Club, the club
where he started his career. When he signed up to play for the English club Bury in
1999, he became the first Indian footballer to play professional football in Europe.
Afterwards he had a short loan spell at the Malaysian football club Perak FA. As
well as this he has played for JCT Mills, which won the league once during his
tenure.

Lionel Messi
Lionel Messi is the
heir apparent to the
throne left vacant by
Diego
Armando
Maradona.
The
waters are divided
between those who
consider him to be far
from being the best
No. 10, and those
who believe that
Messi will be even
better than Maradona.
A hormonal problem affected his growth and changed the plans of his family and,
of course, his personal future. Facing expensive treatment for their son, Messi's
parents moved to Spain .After his first trial with Barcelona, the Catalan coaches
had no doubts. They decided to sign Messi and pay for his medical treatment. He
claimed the World Player of the Year award four times in four years, leaving many
in little doubt as to the fact that Messi is the best player of his generation. In March
2012 he became the all-time top scorer at Barcelona - beating the 232 goals of
Cesar Rodriguez - and then broke Gerd Muller's record for goals in a calender year
when he scored 91. He has either made or broken a total of 125 world records in
football.

P a g e | 21

BMI CHART
Name

Height

Weight

BMI

Mayuresh
Sawant
Aashish
Kumar
Darshan
Bafna
Vivek
Nair
Sarnab
Sengupta
Aditya
Honade
Ankush
Mishra
Akshay
Kumar
Bharat
Piprikar
Anit Basu
Thakur

1.72 m

55 kg

18.60

WEIGHT
STATUS
Normal

1.75 m

65 kg

21.22

Normal

1.80 m

55 kg

16.97

Underweight

1.60 m

50 kg

19.53

Normal

1.75 m

72 kg

23.5

Normal

1.74 m

60 kg

19.81

Normal

1.80 m

61 kg

18.82

Normal

1.75 m

76 kg

24.81

Normal

1.74 m

62 kg

20.95

Normal

1.60 m

72 kg

28.15

Overweight

P a g e | 22

AAPherd- physical
fitness test
Name

50
SBJ Shuttle Sit
Bb
Total final
yard
run
ups throw
dash
Mayuresh
9
7
7
9
10
42
8.4
Sawant
Aashish
7
5
10
7
8
37
7.4
Kumar
Darshan
6
6
10
7
7
36
7.2
Bafna
Vivek
7
7
8
10
7
39
7.8
Nair
Sarnab
9
8
7
10
10
44
8.8
Sengupta
Bharat
10
8
9
10
9
46
9.2
Piprikar
Anit
5
4
7
8
6
30
6
Basu
Thakur
Tanmay
10
9
10
10
10
49
9.8
Garud
Sanju
8
9
10
10
9
46
9.2
Matthews
Vighnesh
9
9
9
10
10
47
9.4
Palani

P a g e | 23

BIBLIOGRAPHY