EMG 371-3/2

Managing Change in Organizations

S.F.Fasana
Faculty of Management
Uva Wellassa University

12/30/2013

Learning Outcomes
Define the overall meaning of personality
Identify the Big Five personality traits
Describe the meaning of attitudes and their
components
Examine the major sources and outcomes of job
satisfaction and organizational commitment

What is Personality?
The unique qualities of an individual and how
those qualities affect understanding of themselves
and others
The sum total of ways in which an individual
reacts to and interacts with others

Sources of Personality Differences

Heredity

The biological, physiological or psychological

characteristics that an individual is born with
constitute heredity.
Situation
Different situations bring out different aspects of an
individuals personality.
Environment
Culture, Family, Group Membership, Life Experiences

The Self-concept: Self-esteem

Self-esteem refers to the self-perceived competence

and self-image of people.

Self-esteem has a moderating influence on

employees emotional and behavioral responses to
various situations and the stress experienced by
them.

Employees with high self-esteem perceive

themselves as unique, competent, secure and
empowered.

Person-Situation interaction
Each situation is different and

people are
responding towards these situation in different
way

People are not static, acting the same in all

situations, but instead are ever changing and

flexible

The Socialization Process

The process through which an individuals personality
is influenced by his interaction with certain persons,
groups and society at large is referred to as the
socialization process
Is a continuous process that goes on throughout ones
life
Socialization has a major impact on the behavior of
employees in organizations

Characteristics of the organizational

socialization of employees
Change of attitudes, values, and behaviours
Continuity of socialization over time
Adjustment to new jobs, work groups and

organizational practices
Mutual influence between new recruits and their
managers
Criticality of the early socialization period

The Big- Five Personality Traits

Core Traits

Descriptive Characteristics of High Scorers

Conscientiousness

Dependable, hardworking, organized, selfdisciplined, persistent, responsible

Emotional stability

Calm, secure, happy, unworried

Agreeableness

Cooperative, warm, caring, good-natured,

courteous, trusting

Extraversion

Sociable, outgoing, talkative, assertive,

gregarious

Openness to experience Curious, intellectual, creative, cultured,

artistically sensitive, flexible, imaginative

What is Attitude?
Persistent tendency to feel and behave in a

particular way towards some object

Relatively lasting feelings, beliefs, and behavior

tendencies directed toward specific people, groups,

ideas, issues, or objects.

Characteristics of Attitudes
They tend to persist unless something is done to

change them.
They can fall anywhere along a continuum from

very favorable to very unfavorable.

They are directed toward some object about which

a person has feelings and beliefs.

Components of Attitude

Cognitive

Behavioral

Affective

Functions of Attitudes
The Adjustment Functions
The Ego- Defensive Functions
The Value expressive Functions
The Knowledge Functions

Changing Attitudes
Employee Attitudes can be changed, and
sometimes it is in the best interests of
management to try to do so
Barriers to changing attitudes
- Prior Commitment
- Insufficient Information

Changing Attitudes by overcoming

barriers
Providing new information
Use of fear

Resolving discrepancies
Influence of friends or peers
The Co- opting approach

What is Job Satisfaction?

A pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting
from the appraisal of ones job or job experience
The collection of feelings, beliefs and thoughts
about how to behave with respect to ones current
job
Outcome of job satisfaction
Satisfaction and Performance
Satisfaction and Turnover
Satisfaction and Absenteeism

Influences on Job Satisfaction

The Work
Itself

Work Conditions

Work Group

Pay

Job
Satisfaction

Promotion
Opportunities

Supervision

Ways of Enhance Job Satisfaction

Make jobs more fun
Have

fair pay, benefits and promotion

opportunities
Match people with jobs that fit their interests and
skills
Designs job to make them exiting and satisfying

What is Organizational
Commitment?
Refers to the strength of an employees involvement in
and identification with the organization
Strong organizational commitment entails:
Strong belief in/acceptance of an organizations goals
and values
Willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the
organization
Strong desire to maintain membership in the
organization
Higher commitment is negatively related to
absenteeism and turnover, and positively related to
productivity

Dimensions of Organizational
Commitment
Affective Commitment
Normative Commitment

Continuance Commitment

Guidelines to Enhance the OC

Commit to peoples first values
Clarify and communicate your mission
Guarantee organizational justice
Create a sense of community
Support employee development

Thank You