Comparative Medicine 2007-2008

Spontaneous Exocrine Pancreas Hypoplasia in Specific Pathogen-free C3HeB/FeJ

and 101/H Mouse Pups Causes Steatorrhea and Runting. Vol 57, No 2 April
2007 This condition resembles exocrine pancreas hypoplasia, but the inheritance is
complex. A wider implication is that runting coupled with steatorrhea are phenotypic
criteria to suspect pancreatic disease that could be used in the context of a mouse N-ethyl-
N-nitrosourea-mutagenesis program to identify potential mutants with defects in pancreas
development.

Effects of Leukotriene Inhibition on Pulmonary Morphology in

Rat Pup Lungs Exposed to Hyperoxia. Vol 57, No 2 April 2007.
Pulmonary changes including edema, hemorrhage, alveolar
macrophage influx, and Type II pneumocyte proliferation.

Pancreaticoduodenal Arterial Rupture and Hemoabdomen in

ACI/SegHsd Rats with Polyarteritis Nodosa. Vol 57, No 4 August
2007. Although arterial rupture is a known complication of polyarteritis
nodosa in humans, this case series is the first to document arterial
rupture and hemoabdomen in rats with PAN.

An Experimental Model of Actinobacillus suis Infection in Mice.

Vol 57, No 4
August 2007. These experiments demonstrate that mice can be
infected with A. suis and subsequently develop pneumonia and
bacteremia comparable to that seen in pigs, suggesting that mice may
be used as a model for studying infection in swine.

Phenotypic Characterization of Spontaneously Mutated Rats

Showing Lethal Dwarfism and Epilepsy. Vol 57, No 4 August
2007. Histologically, increased apoptotic germ cells, lack of
spermatocytes, and immature Leydig cells were found in the mutant
testes, and extracellular vacuoles of various sizes were present in the
hippocampus and amygdala of the mutant brain. Mutant rats had
significantly increased concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen,
creatinine, and inorganic phosphate, as well as decreased
concentrations of plasma growth hormone. Hereditary analysis showed
that the defects were inherited as a single recessive trait. We have
named the hypothetically mutated gene as lde (lethal dwarfism with
epilepsy).

Natural Dental Caries in Molars of Osteogenic Disorder

Shionogi Rats. Vol 57, No 6 Pages 590–593. defective in ascorbic
acid biosynthesis. dysfunctional bone formation and display various
dental abnormalities.
Gender Influences Infectivity in C57BL/6 Mice Exposed to
Mouse Minute Virus. Vol 57, No 1
February 2007. MMV = Parvovirus.

Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68: A Model for the Study of

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections and Related Diseases. Vol 57, No 1
February 2007. EBV is associated with the development of B-cell
lymphoproliferative disorders, several malignant cancers, the
syndrome of infectious mononucleosis, and chronic interstitial lung
disease.

Newly Identified Mycobacterium Species in a Xenopus laevis

Colony. Vol 57, No 1
February 2007. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions with acid-fast
bacilli were generally present in the liver, lung, or spleen.
Mycobacterium (provisionally named M. liflandii) recently reported by 2
other groups.

Pathobiology and Management of Laboratory Rodents

Administered CDC Category A Agents. Vol 57, No 1 February
2007. Category A infectious agents include Bacillus anthracis
(anthrax), Clostridium
botulinum toxin (botulism), Yersinia pestis (plague), variola major virus
(smallpox), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), and the filoviruses and
arenaviruses that induce viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Naturally Occurring Tyzzer’s Disease in Cotton-top Tamarins

(Saguinus oedipus). Vol 57, No 1
February 2007. transmural, necrotizing typhlocolitis accompanied by
myocarditis and hepatitis..

Animal Models for HIV AIDS: A Comparative Review. Vol 57, No

1 February 2007. Viruses discussed are grouped as causing (1)
nonlentiviral immunodeficiency-inducing diseases, (2) naturally
occurring pathogenic infections, (3) experimentally induced lentiviral
infections, and (4) nonpathogenic lentiviral infections.

Changes in the Titer of Anti–B Virus Antibody in Captive

Macaques (Macaca fuscata, M. mulatta, M. fascicularis). Vol
57, No 1 February 2007. B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1; BV).
�-herpesvirus subfamily and usually causes mild or asymptomatic
infection in its natural macaque host. However, BV infection in humans
usually develops as a fatal central
nervous system infection and for this reason BV is classified
as a biosafety level–4 pathogen.

Abetalipoproteinemia Induced by Overexpression of ORP150 in

Mice. Vol 57, No 3 June 2007. ORP150 is an endoplasmic-resident,
hypoxic stress-induced protein. overexpression of ORP150 in mice
leads to abetalipoproteinemia with alteration of glucose and lipid
metabolism. growth retardation concomitant with vacuolar
degeneration in the heart.

Dermal Melanocytosis in Japanese Monkeys (Macaca fuscata).

Vol 57, No 3 June 2007. the epidermis lacked melanocytes, but the
dermis had numerous melanocytes with abundant melanin. Activated
melanocytes with well-developed dendrites were distributed
throughout the upper part of the dermal layer. Melanocytes were not
arranged in clusters, and elastic and collagen fibers in the dermis
showed no histological abnormalities.

Cystic Renal Disease in the Domestic Ferret. Vol 58, No 2.

primary polycystic disease consisting of either polycystic kidney
disease affecting renal tubules or, more commonly, glomerulocystic
kidney disease. Secondary polycystic lesions were identified in 11
ferrets (20%), and 12 ferrets
(22%) exhibited focal or isolated tubular cysts only as an incidental
necropsy finding. Ferrets with secondary renal cysts associated with
other developmental anomalies, mesangial glomerulopathy, or end-
stage kidney disease had hyperphosphatemia and elevated BUN in
comparison with those with primary cystic disease and elevated BUN
compared with those without renal lesions.

High-carbohydrate Diets Affect the Size and Composition of

Plasma Lipoproteins in Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Vol
58, No 2
April 2008. High-carbohydrate diets reduce plasma low-density
lipoprotein (LDL)–cholesterol but also provoke the appearance of an
atherogenic
lipoprotein profile (ALP). Characterized by high plasma triglyceride,
small dense LDL, and reduced high-density lipoprotein ((HDL)
cholesterol, an ALP is associated with insulin resistance.

Increased Production of 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

Type 2 in the Kidney Microsomes of Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri
spp.). Vol 58, No 2
April 2008. In squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.), cortisol circulates at
levels much higher than those seen in man and other Old World
primates, but squirrel monkeys exhibit no physiologic signs of the
mineralocorticoid effects of cortisol. 11β-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), which converts cortisol to the
inactive metabolite, cortisone. Pharmacologic inhibition of 11β-HSD2,
inactivating mutations in 11β-HSD2, or saturation of the enzyme by
high cortisol concentrations
results in inappropriate activation of MR by cortisol and leads to
development of hypertension and electrolyte imbalance.

Pathology of Captive Moustached Tamarins (Saguinus mystax).

Vol 58, No 2 April 2008. Colitis cystica profunda (CCP), a disease
that affects humans and is characterized by the presence of mucin-
filled epithelial downgrowths and cysts in the colonic submucosa, was
found in 24 of the 33 (72.7%) tamarins. Interstitial myocardial fibrosis
was present in 22 (66.6%) animals, and various degrees of
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis occurred in 28 (84.8%)
monkeys.
In addition, 28 (84.8%) tamarins demonstrated diffuse hepatocellular
vacuolation with mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, possibly as a
result of the experimental infections, and peliosis hepatis occurred in 7
(21.2%) animals.

Vascular-associated Lymphoid Tissue in Swine (Sus scrofa).

Vol 58, No 2 April 2008. mononuclear cells were noted in the intima
and occasionally the inner portion of the tunica media and adventitia
at branching sites. The infiltrating cells were primarily CD3+CD4+ T
cells, with some macrophages. Focal accumulations of mononuclear
cells in the arterial wall of healthy humans at predilection sites for
atherosclerotic lesions.

Clinical and Pathologic Features of Cynomolgus Macaques

(Macaca fascicularis) Infected with Aerosolized Yersinia pestis.
Vol 58, No 1
February 2008. The lethal dose of plague in humans is reputedly less
than 100 organisms.

Monkey B Virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1). Vol 58, No 1

February 2008. B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1; BV) is an α-
herpesvirus that naturally infects conventional populations of
macaques. Serious disease due to BV is rare in macaques, but when
transmitted to humans, BV has a propensity to invade the central
nervous system and has a fatality rate greater than 70% if not treated
promptly.

Comparative Pathobiology of Kaposi Sarcomaassociated

Herpesvirus and Related Primate Rhadinoviruses. Vol 58, No 1
February 2008. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV,
Human herpesvirus 8). Rhadinoviruses Saimiriine herpesvirus 2 and
Ateline herpesvirus 2 have well-described transforming capabilities.
Retroperitoneal fibromatosis herpesvirus and rhesus rhadinovirus
(Cercopithecine herpesvirus 17). Molecular analysis of these viruses
has elucidated several functionally conserved genes and properties
shared with KSHV involved in cellular proliferation, transformation, and
immune evasion that facilitate the oncogenic potential of these
viruses.

Comparative Pathobiology of Macaque Lymphocryptoviruses.

Vol 58, No 1 February 2008. Lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) have been
identified as naturally occurring infections of both Old and New World
nonhuman primates. These viruses are closely related to Epstein–Barr
virus (EBV, Human herpesvirus 4) and share similar genomic
organization and biological properties. Nonhuman primate LCVs have
the ability to immortalize host cells and express a similar complement
of viral lytic and latent genes as those found in EBV. LCVs have the
ability to induce malignant lymphomas in immunodefi cient hosts and
have been associated with posttransplantation lymphoproliferative
disease in cynomolgus macaques undergoing solid organ
transplantation.

Polyomaviruses of Nonhuman Primates: Implications for

Research. Vol 58, No 1 February 2008. Polyomaviruses are a
family of small nonenveloped DNA viruses. Simian virus 40 (SV40),
which causes immunosuppression in Macaques.

Simian Parvoviruses: Biology and Implications for Research.

Vol 58, No 1 February 2008. Erythrovirus in the family Parvoviridae
are most closely related to the human virus B19. cynomolgus, rhesus,
and pigtailed macaques. All of the primate erythroviruses have a
predilection for erythroid precursors. Infection is usually clinically
silent. Disease from SPV is associated with immunosuppression due to
infection with various retroviruses (SIV, simian retrovirus, and simian–
human immunodeficiency virus).

Simian Varicella in Old World Monkeys. Vol 58, No 1 February

2008. Natural erythematous disease in Old World monkeys. SVV is
closely related to varicella–zoster virus, the causative agent of human
varicella and herpes zoster. Clinical signs of simian varicella include
fever, vesicular skin rash, and hepatitis. SVV establishes a lifelong
latent infection in neural ganglia.

Utility of AntiPax5 in the Diagnosis of Lymphoproliferative

Disorders and Neoplasia in Mice. Vol 58, No 3 June 2008. Pax5
expression (detected by immunohistochemistry using antiPax5) offers
greater specificity and sensitivity because of its earlier expression
during B-cell differentiation, its ability to detect all committed B cells,
and its restriction to the B-cell lineage. Better than CD45R/B220
antigen (B220) (this is sometimes on CD8+ and NK T cells). NK cells
are CD56+ and CD8 variable.

Histopathologic Findings and Establishment of Novel Tumor

Lines from Spontaneous Tumors in FVB/N Mice. Vol 58, No 3
June 2008. All tumors in male mice were lung alveolar–bronchiolar
(AB) neoplasms, except for 1 testis interstitial cell tumor. In female
mice, histopathologic examination revealed 48 lung AB tumors, 27
mammary gland tumors, 13 ovarian tumors, and 14 other tumors.
Several of these spontaneous tumors have been transplanted into
FVB/N mice. One mammary adenocarcinoma (MCaP0008) and 1 lung
AB carcinoma (LAP0297) were successfully transplanted
subcutaneously and passaged serially in vivo.

Spontaneous Vulvar Papillomas in a Colony of Mice Used for

Pancreatic Cancer Research. Vol 58, No 3 June 2008. interaction
between the genetic background of the mice and the introduced Kras
oncogene may be responsible for these papillomas.

Cystic Mammary Adenocarcinoma Associated with a Prolactin-

secreting Pituitary Adenoma in a New Zealand White Rabbit (
Oryctolagus cuniculus ). Vol 58, No 3 June 2008. Histologic
evaluation confi rmed the presence of a pituitary adenoma, mammary
hyperplasia, dysplasia, and cystic mammary adenocarcinoma.
Immunohistochemical staining confi rmed the presence of abundant
prolactin secreting cells in the pituitary adenoma.