2006-2007 J Comp Path

Ovine Infection with the Agents of Scrapie (CH1641 Isolate) and Bovine Spongiform
Encephalopathy: Immunochemical Similarities can be Resolved by
Immunohistochemistry. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 17–29. However, PrP res
from sheep inoculated with CH1641 scrapie gives an immunoblot profile similar to that
of sheep inoculated with BSE. Therefore, field scrapie strains similar to CH1641 might
be misclassified as ovine BSE in the rapid tests currently employed. The overall results
demonstrate that a combined Western blotting and immunohistochemical approach is
required to discriminate between different TSE strains in sheep.

Pathogenesis of Experimental Encephalomyocarditis: a Histopathological,

Immunohistochemical and Virological Study in Rats. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134,
30–39. The persistence of virus in the macrophages of the thymus may represent
a mechanism of perpetuation and reactivation, under immunosuppressive conditions, of
the infection. The main histopathological changes were focal interstitial pancreatitis,
degeneration and necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells, depletion of thymus and Peyer’s
patches, and interstitial pneumonia. EMCV antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of
cardiac muscle cells, pancreatic acinar cells and hepatic epithelial cells, and in
macrophages of the spleen, lung and thymus. In the heart (the target organ of EMCV in
pigs), the presence of EMCV in cardiac muscle cells without lesions lends support to the
hypothesis that the rat is a natural reservoir host species of EMCV.

Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Pigs Experimentally Infected with

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 40–46. interleukin-1
(IL-1), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and IL-6. Concurrent expression of all three
cytokines was always observed, in association with lung lesions. Inflammatory cytokine-
positive cells were detected in the lungs at 7 dpi, their number increasing at 21 dpi, and
decreasing thereafter.

Mesenteric Arterionecrosis in Natural and Experimental Equine Endotoxaemia. J.

Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 47–55. mesenteric arterionecrosis (MA), in which the
arterial lesions were characterized by medial necrosis accompanied by intramural and
transmural haemorrhage (erythrodiapedesis) and the deposition of fibrinoid substances
within the media of the mesentery. An endotoxin derived from Escherichia coli O26
lipopolysaccharide. formation of many intracellular vacuoles within single smooth
muscle cells, cytoplasmolysis, necrosis with granules and vacuoles, and coagulation
necrosis; similar changes have been observed in cases of prolonged angiospasm or
vasoconstriction. It is suggested that the effects of sustained arterial contraction leading
to intimal and medial damage influence the pathomorphogenesis of MA.

Experimental Second Passage of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD mule deer) Agent
to Cattle. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 63–69. None of the animals showed
microscopical lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) but PrP res was detected in
their CNS tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and rapid Western blot (WB)
techniques. Thus, intracerebrally inoculated cattle not only amplified CWD PrP res from
mule deer but also developed clinical CNS signs in the absence of SE lesions. This
situation has also been shown to occur in cattle inoculated with the scrapie agent. the
possibility of distinguishing CWD from BSE in cattle, due to the absence
of neuropathological lesions and to a distinctive multifocal distribution of PrP res.

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Investigations of Hepatic Lesions

Associated with Congenital Portosystemic Shunt in Dogs. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol.
134, 80–90. Lesions included hypoplasia of portal veins, arteriolar and ductular
proliferation, lymphangiectasis, mild to moderate fibrosis, fatty cysts, and mostly mild
hepatocellular damage with frequent atrophy and steatosis, regardless of the location of
the shunting vessel. Perisinusoidal hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in normal canine liver
expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), but no desmin. In altered livers, however,
raised expression of a-SMA was detected, together with expression of desmin, in varying
numbers of HSCs. This was interpreted as a sign of cellular proliferation and
transformation to myofibroblast-like cells. Postoperative biopsy samples showed
basically the same lesions.

Cardiovascular Lesions in Pigs Naturally or Experimentally Infected with Porcine

Circovirus Type 2. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 105–110. Abundant
intracytoplasmic porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was associated with myocardiocyte
swelling or necrosis, or myocardial fibrosis (or both). One 6 week old pig from a fourth
farm had severe diffuse segmental to circumferential lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic
periarteritis and endarteritis in several organs, PCV2 antigen was demonstrated in
endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells in the arterial walls. viral antigen was also
associated with obliterated blood vessels in areas of granulomatous and necrotizing
lymphadenitis.

Brain Lesions in Pigs Dually Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory
Syndrome Virus and Pseudorabies Virus. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 111–114.
severe non-suppurative encephalitis, two had tonsillitis, two had necrotizing bronchiolitis,
and one had lymphadenitis. The distribution of lesions corresponded closely with the
detection of intranuclear inclusion bodies and PRV antigen. High numbers of TUNEL-
positive cells detected in the thymus were associated with thymic atrophy.

Detection of PrP Sc in Rectal Biopsy and Necropsy Samples from Sheep with
Experimental Scrapie. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 115–125. In the rectal mucosa,
PrP Sc was found in lymphoid follicles and in cells scattered in the lamina propria, often
near and sometimes in the crypt epithelium. By Western blotting, PrP Sc was detected in
rectal biopsy samples of sheep with the PrP genotype VRQ/VRQ.

Short-term Study of the Uptake of PrP Sc by the Peyer’s Patches in Hamsters after
Oral Exposure to Scrapie. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 126–133. PrP Sc was
demonstrated in the Peyer’s patches only a few days after exposure, i.e., much earlier
than previously reported. This study supports the view that the Peyer’s patches constitute
at least one of the primary entry sites of PrP Sc after oral exposure to scrapie.
Pathological Findings in Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from Norwegian
and Icelandic Waters. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 134–142. Mild infection with
lungworms (Halocercus invaginatus, Pseudalius inflexus, Torynurus convolutus) was
found in 84% of the Icelandic and 91% of the Norwegian animals, usually associated
with bronchopneumonia which was rarely severe. Most (91%) of the animals had
parasites in the stomach and intestine (Anisakis simplex, Contracaecum osculatum,
Pholeter gastrophilus), and Campula oblonga was present in the liver and pancreas of 88
and 21%, respectively. Oesophagitis, gastritis, cholangitis, pericholangitis, pancreatitis
and lymphadenitis were almost exclusively associated with parasitic infection and
usually mild.

Immunohistochemical Study of Porcine Nephroblastoma. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol.

134, 143–151. Histologically all showed the three components typical of this tumour:
mesenchymal blastema, epithelium (tubuli, and glomeruloid bodies) and stroma. The
only antibody recognizing mesenchymal cells was VIM. One-third of tubular structures
were positive for VIM. All of the tubules were positive for CK19, two-thirds expressed
CK AE1/AE3, and only one-third expressed CKs 8– 18. Small round tubuli, located in
the stromal septa, were positive for CK7 (ureteric branches). Stromal cells expressed both
VIM and actin, demonstrating myofibroblastic differentiation. The kidney originates from
mesenchymal blastema, which changes to epithelium, losing VIM and acquiring CK
expression. In the adult mammalian kidney, CK 19 is expressed only by the parietal
epithelium of Bowman’s capsule and the distal tubules. Nevertheless, CK19 is also
considered a “transient” CK, expressed by different kinds of epithelia during
differentiation.

Spontaneous Murine Neuroaxonal Dystrophy: a Model of Infantile Neuroaxonal

Dystrophy. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 161–170. spontaneous mutation in a
BALB/c congenic mouse strain. sensory axonopathy consisting of hindlimb spasticity
and ataxia. Hallmark histological lesions consisted of spheroids (swollen axons), in the
grey and white matter of the midbrain, brain stem, and all levels of the spinal cord.
Ultrastructural analysis of the spheroids revealed accumulations of layered stacks of
membranes and tubulovesicular elements, strongly resembling the ultrastructural changes
seen in the axons of human patients with endogenous forms of NAD.

Immunohistochemical Features of PrPd Accumulation in Natural and Experimental

Goat Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134,
171–181. abnormal PrP accumulations (PrPd). the overall patterns of PrPd
accumulation was identical with those of experimental goat BSE. The four natural
goat scrapie cases examined showed some degree of immunohistochemical
phenotype variability, suggesting that multiple strains exist within the relatively small
UK goat population.

E-cadherin Expression in Canine Malignant Mammary Tumours: Relationship to

Other Clinico-Pathological Variables. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 182–189.
membranous labelling. Reduction ↓of E-cadherin expression – histologic type (solid
tumors) (but not grade), size, ulceration, lymph node metastasis, necrosis and infiltrative
growth. Decreased E Cadherin was not related to fixation to skin or underlying tissue,
tubulopapillary architecture.

Natural and Experimental Infection of Sheep with European Bat Lyssavirus Type-1 of
Danish Bat Origin. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 190–201.

Cryptosporidium Infection in Domestic Geese (Anseranser f. domestica) Detected by

In-situ Hybridization. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 211–218. Cryptosporidium
baileyi. The infected geese showed no clinical signs and only scanty histological lesions.
These results confirm reports showing that young waterfowl are especially vulnerable to
cryptosporidium infection and indicate that the BF and conjunctiva are the preferred sites
for the presence of the protozoon. ISH proved a good method for detecting and
identifying even small numbers of cryptosporidia in tissue sections.

Natural Cases of Visna in Sheep with Myelitis as the Sole Lesion in the Central
Nervous System. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 219–230. Ovine lentivirus (OvLV)-
hindlimb paralysis and some were completely recumbent. Grossly, a swollen and
discoloured area was identified in the white matter in 10 sheep. Microscopical changes
consisted of a wedge-shaped area of non-suppurative leucomyelitis with mononuclear
perivascular cuffing, demyelination and white matter degeneration. vascular pattern was
characterized by perivascular cuffs with minimal lesions in the adjacent
neuroparenchyma; the malacic pattern, which was the commonest type, was
characterized by severe white matter destruction and small numbers of
macrophages; and the infiltrative pattern was characterized by a severe infiltrate of
histiocytes in the parenchyma. Spinal cord lesions alone were found in only 12 of several
hundred sheep.

Investigation of Equine Influenza Cases Exhibiting Neurological Disease:

Coincidence or Association? J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 231–235. Rare, non-
suppurative encephalitis, immunolabelling of sections of nasal mucosa. A syndrome
known as influenza-associated encephalopathy has been described in man. perhaps due to
an aberrant host immune response.

Amyloid-producing Odontogenic Tumour (Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic

Tumour) in the Mandible of a Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris). J. Comp. Path.
2006, Vol. 134, 236–240. Destruction of the adjacent bone tissue. Poorly demarcated,
infiltrative , nests, cords and islands of epithelial cells with characteristic basal cell
features. Squamous metaplasia, ghost cells, stellate reticulum, and fibroblastic
connective tissue stroma. A prominent feature of this tumour consisted of abundant
nodular
deposits of congophilic amyloid-like material with partial mineralization (Liesegang
rings). Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells and the amyloid-like material were
positive for pancytokeratin and negative for vimentin. The findings supported the
diagnosis of an amyloid-producing odontogenic tumour (APOT), also known as
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour in man and animals.
Malignant Histiocytosis of the Brain in Three Dogs. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134,
241–244. Solid, distinct, white mass in the brain and multiple, poorly demarcated, firm
nodular proliferations in the lung; in one case the liver was also affected. Loosely
aggregated, pleomorphic cells, with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The neoplastic
cells sometimes contained vacuoles or phagocytized cells. Binucleated and
multinucleated giant cells, and mitotic figures, were common. Immunohistochemically,
the tumour cells reacted strongly for lysozyme and vimentin, but there was no reaction
for S-100 protein, cytokeratin, CD3 or CD79a.

Phaeohyphomycosis in a Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) due to Cladophialophora

bantiana. J. Comp. Path. 2006, Vol. 134, 245–248. epidural space at the fourth lumbar
vertebral body. Histological examination revealed a purulent meningitis with
myelomalacia. Dematiaceous fungal hyphae, present within the inflammatory infiltrate,
were identified as C. bantiana by culture and sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal
RNA gene. This neurotropic fungus rarely affects organs other than the brain in human
beings and cats. Clumps of slender, elongated, septate, brown hyphae with parallel walls
were present within the inflammatory infiltrate.

Multicentric Malignant Schwannoma in a Crossbred Cow. J. Comp. Path. 2006,

Vol. 134, 260–265. Multifocal nodules in peripheral nerves of the thoracic and
abdominal regions and the skin, the hilus of the liver and the mediastinal lymph nodes.
Multiple neoplastic linear cords with small nodules were observed on the pericardium.
Histologically, the nodules showed mainly densely packed, spindle-shaped cells
arranged in short interwoven bundles and whorls (Antoni type A pattern). Stellate,
spindle-shaped and round or oval tumour cells proliferated haphazardly within the loose
texture of a collagenous matrix (Antoni type B pattern). S-100 protein +.

Pathogenesis of Bovine Neosporosis. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134, 267^289. Losses

occur after a primary infection during pregnancy but more commonly as the result of
recrudescence of a persistent infection during pregnancy. Parasitaemia is followed by
invasion of the placenta and fetus. jeopardises fetal survival directly or causes release of
maternal prostaglandins that in turn cause luteolysis and abortion. Fetal damage may also
occur due to primary tissue damage caused by the multiplication of N. caninum in the
fetus or due to insu⁄cient oxygen/nutrition, secondary to placental damage. maternal
immune expulsion of the fetus may occur
associated with maternal placental in£ammation and the release of maternal pro-
in£ammatory cytokines in the placenta. Thus N. caninum is a primary pathogen capable
of causing abortion either through maternal placental in£ammation, maternal and fetal
placental necrosis, fetal damage, or a combination of all three.

Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Right Side of the Aortic
Valve in Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134,
290^296. The aortic valve was tricuspid in eight hamsters and bicuspid in the other
seven. In all cases, the right coronary artery was normal, whereas the left main coronary
artery trunk arose from the right aortic sinus or from the right side of the ventral aortic
sinus when the aortic valve was bicuspid. The anomaly is characterized by a normal right
coronary artery and an aberrant left coronary artery, both arising from the right aortic
sinus, either from two separate ostia or from two adjacent ostia converging in a single
orifice.

Pancreatitis Associated with Hyperlipoproteinaemia Type I in Mink (Mustela

vison): Earliest Detectable Changes Occur in Mitochondria of Exocrine Cells. J.
Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134, 320^328. Mutation in the lipoprotein lipase gene leads to
hyperlipoproteinaemia, corresponding to hyperlipoproteinaemia type I in man. Earliest
detectable changes consisted of widespread swelling and vacuolation of exocrine cells,
arising mainly from swollen mitochondria. Lamellar ¢gures that developed within
mitochondria were numerous. It is concluded that pancreatic lesions associated with
hyperlipoproteinaemia start in exocrine cells, and
are most probably the result of a metabolic disturbance, possibly a toxic effect of an
excess of free fatty acids. The mitochondrial enzyme carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase,
essential for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria, was lower in the pancreas
than in the liver.

Detection of Maedi-Visna Virus in the Kidneys of Naturally Infected Sheep. J.

Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134, 329^335. Infections with maedi-visna virus (MVV) cause
progressive in£ammation in di¡erent organs, mainly the lung, mammary gland, brain and
joints. The kidneys of nine animals showed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
and interstitial nephritis. The in£ammatory in¢ltrate consisted of lymphocytes, plasma
cells and macrophages. Interestingly, lymphoid follicles resembling those known to occur
in other MVV-infected tissues were observed.

Urinary Bladder Lesions in Bovine Enzootic Haematuria. J. Comp. Path.

2006,Vol.134, 336^346. Bladder lesions were divided into three main categories
in£ammatory lesions, non-neoplastic epithelial abnormalities and tumours. Epithelial
tumours alone were present in 2% of the affected bladders, mesenchymal tumours alone
in 4%, and both epithelial and mesenchymal tumours in the remaining 4%. The large
number of tumours examined revealed new categories not yet included in other veterinary
classiffcation systems, namely, inverted papilloma, papillary neoplasm of apparent low
malignant potential, and haemangioendothelioma.

Ten Cases of Feline Mesothelioma: an Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural

Study. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134, 347^354. Histologically, five tumours were
epithelial, three ¢brosarcomatous and two biphasic. All 10 feline mesotheliomas were
positive for vimentin and CK AE1/AE3, six were positive for HBME-1, two for CK5/6,
three for CEA and four for E-cadherin. All were negative for desmin and calretinin.
Electron microscopy, performed in four cases, revealed microvillar structures,
desmosomes and intracytoplasmic lumina, con¢rming its value as a diagnostic tool.

Dry Gangrene of the Extremities in Calves Associated with Salmonella dublin

Infection; a Possible Immune-mediated Reaction. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134,
366^369. Dry gangrene of the extremities in calves is a circulatory error that may occur
after infection with Salmonella dublin. Hind legs, ears and tail. A cold agglutination test
gave positive results in all animals. thrombosis and vasculitis were regularly observed.
It has been defined as a ‘‘cryopathic’’ immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia
(IMHA)
(Thompson,1995). In this form, IgM produced as a primary immune response (for
example against an infectious agent) cross-reacts with erythrocytes of the host under cold
conditions. When IgM in the blood reaches a certain concentration it binds to the
erythrocyte membrane and forms agglutinates. These complexes may obstruct vessels,
resulting in ischaemia and necrosis of the extremities. Zilow et al. (1994) suggested that
complement activation may play a role in this mechanism.

Disseminated Microsporidiosis due to Encephalitozoon hellem in an Egyptian Fruit

Bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134, 370^373. bilateral
renomegaly, and mottling of the liver. Histopathological lesions- urogenital tract and
liver, consisted primarily of in£ammation associated with intracytoplasmic
microsporidian spores. Microsporidia are single-celled obligate intracellular eukaryotic
parasites, recently reclassi¢ed from protozoa to fungi.

Demonstration of Ollulanus tricuspis in the Stomach of Domestic Cats by Biopsy. J.

Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.134, 374^377. Ollulanus tricuspis is a small nematode of the
family Ollulanidae, found in the stomach of domestic cats and other felids. 4/131 were
shown to contain the parasite. Vomiting was the main presenting sign in three cats and
weight loss in the fourth. The stomachs were grossly normal on endoscopic examination.
Chronic gastritis was observed histologically in two cases, while the remaining cases
were microscopically normal. The significance of the parasite remained
undetermined.

2006 135

The Distribution of Oestrogen Receptors in Normal, Hyperplastic and Neoplastic

Canine Prostate, as Demonstrated Immunohistochemically. J. Comp. Path.
2006,Vol.135,11^16. ERs were expressed in the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells in
normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostates. The severe loss of ER expression in canine
prostatic carcinomas may account
for the relative lack of di¡erentiation of these tumours in the dog.

Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in a Goat. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135, 42^46.

unilateral, well-demarcated, intraventricular neoplasm. unilateral obstructive
hydrocephalus and invaded the white and grey matter of the left piriform lobe, with focal
subarachnoid spread and meningeal implantation. Neoplastic cells expressed vimentin
and, multifocally, broad spectrum cytokeratins, but were negative for GFAP, NSE and
Sl00 antigen.This is the ¢rst report of a choroid plexus carcinoma in a goat.

COX-1 and COX-2 Expression in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J. Comp.
Path. 2006,Vol.135, 93^99. COX-2 immunolabelling was intracytoplasmic and, in some
neoplastic cells, perinuclear; it was demonstrated in a small proportion (p1%) of
neoplastic cells and its intensity was usually mild to moderate. In contrast, all neoplastic
tissues showed extensive nuclear and cytoplasmic COX-1 immunolabelling.

Natural Killer-like T-Cell Lymphoma in a Calf. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135,

47^51. The liver, spleen and lymph nodes were a¡ected with lymphoma. The neoplastic
cells showed not only epitheliotropism in the biliary epithelium and hepatic cords but
also preferential homing to follicular centres of the lymph nodes. In the cytoplasm, there
were eosinophilic granules of various sizes, which were positive with phosphotungstic
acid haematoxylin and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. Erythrophagia by
lymphoma cells was rarely detected. neoplastic cells expressed surface CD3, surface
CD5 and CD57, and perforin expres-
sion was present in the cytoplasmic granules

An Unusual Mucinous Osteoma with Features of an Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal

Cavity of a Horse. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135, 52^55. A well-circumscribed,
semi-solid, jelly like structure, measuring 14.5 9.0 12.0 cm, in the left posterior
nasal cavity extending into the left frontal and maxillary sinus. Histologically, the mass
consisted of trabeculae of woven bone, focal lamellar bone and ¢broblast proliferation
within a moderate ¢bro-vascular stroma. Abundant mucin production was noted within
areas of ¢broblastic di¡erentiation. Some areas contained irregularly shaped spicules of
osteoid rimmed by osteoblasts

Odontoma-like Tumours of Squirrel Elodont Incisors—Elodontomas. J. Comp.

Path. 2006,Vol.135, 56^61. These odontoma-like masses have not previously been
described in squirrels. This report describes the clinico-pathological features and possible
pathogenesis of the lesions and proposes the term‘‘elodontoma’’for these hamartomatous
odontogenic lesions in the jaws of animals with continuously erupting (elodont) teeth.
The elodont incisors of rodents di¡er from brachyo-dont teeth in having enamel only on
the full length oftheir labial surfaces, extending from the apical area tothe incisal edge,
and no anatomical roots as described earlier.

Relationship between Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis and the Leishmania

(Leishmania) chagasi Burden in Dermal Inflammatory Foci. J. Comp. Path.
2006,Vol.135,100^107. The skin is the ¢rst point of contact with organisms of the genus
Leishmania from sand £y vectors, and apparently normal skin of sick dogs harbours
amastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi.

The Anatomical Basis of Complete Atrioventricular Block in Cats with

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135, 25^31. Marked
degeneration and ¢brous replacement of the AVconduction system were consistently
observed in the combined regions of the branching portion of the AV bundle and the
upper portion of the left bundle branch. These changes were associated with extensive
¢brosis of the central ¢brous body and endocardial and myocardial ¢brosis in the upper
border of the ventricular septum. Chondrometaplastic lesions or osseous lesions, or both,
present in the base of the central ¢brous body, compressed the underlying penetrating or
branching (or both) portions of the AV bundle, causing apparent reduction of the
conduction ¢bres.

Persistent Left Cranial Vena Cava Causing Oesophageal Obstruction and

Consequent Megaoesophagus in a Dog. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135,150^152. Post
mortem examination revealed a persistent left cranial vena cava that formed a non-elastic
¢brous band enclosing the oesophagus and trachea, and causing constriction of the
oesophagus. This uncommon congenital vascular defect has never previously been
associated with megaoesophagus in the dog.

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features of Natural Goat Scrapie. J.

Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135,116^129 histopathological and immunohistochemical pro¢le
of the natural disease in goats is in£uenced by the PrP genotype and age of the animals
but maynot be directly associated with the presence or otherwise of clinical signs.

Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of 30 Cases of Canine Meningioma. J.

Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135, 200^207. Vimentin+ s-100 +, +/- NSE, most GFAp –
(except fibroblastic type). One had a granular cell component.

Choroid Plexus Papilloma in a Scottish Highland Cow. J. Comp. Path.

2006,Vol.135,146^149. Neoplastic epithelial cells were positive immunohisto-
chemically for pancytokeratin and S-100, and negative for GFAP. Ultrastructurally,
epithelial cells were charac-terized by intercellular junctions, zonulae adherens, and
zonulae occludens. Neither cilia nor basal bodies wereidenti¢ed.

The Effect of Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter bizzozeronii on the Gastric

Mucosa in Mongolian Gerbils: a Sequential Pathological Study. J. Comp. Path.
2006,Vol.135, 226^236. H. felis-infected gerbils showed complete loss of fundic glands,
and mucous metaplasia of the epithelium. H. bizzozeronii, which made no £agellar
contact with epithelial cells, was associated
with only mild PC loss.

The Thyroid Gland in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Texas
Coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Normal Structure and Pathological Changes. J. Comp.
Path. 2006,Vol.135, 217^225.

Otarine Herpesvirus-1, not Papillomavirus, is Associated with Endemic Tumours in

California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus). J. Comp. Path.
2006,Vol.135,183^189. urogenital carcinomas in California sea lions. Pa-
pillomaviruses, which are known to contribute to urogenital tumours in other species, did
not appear to be asso-
ciated with the sea lion carcinomas.

Endogenous Lipid Pneumonia in a Dog. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135,153^155.

Endogenous lipid pneumonia has previously been diagnosed in dogs only once. This
report describes a case in a dog with a persistent cough, in which the histological
diagnosis was based on the presence of numerous foamy macrophages that ¢lled the
alveoli and contained small sudanophilic vacuoles. The appearance of endogenous lipid
pneumonia in this animal was accompanied by Diro¢laria immitis infection and chronic
bronchitis.

Microcystic Meningioma in a Dolphin (Delphinus delphis): Immunohistochemical

and Ultrastructural Study. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135, 254^258. small lobules of
polygonal to elongated neoplastic cells with multifocal areas of stellate and vacuolated
cells. Neoplastic cells strongly expressed vimentin, S-100 protein and neuron-speci¢c
enolase. They were rarely positive for Cytokeratin.

Lentoid Bodies in the Avian Retina. lentoid bodies arise from Muºller cells or
developing neuroretina. J. Comp. Path. 2006,Vol.135, 243^248. This report describes
lentoid bodies in adult avian retinas in association with retinal trauma or degeneration.
Intraretinal lentoids of varying size were identi¢ed, the constituent cells resembling
bladder cells similar to those
seen in cataracts. The process of lentoid formation followed a consistent pattern,
characterized by progressive
Muºller cell hypertrophy in damaged areas, culminating in lentoid formation. GFAP
immunoreactivity was stron-
gest in Muºller cells in the early stages of hypertrophy and receded as Muºller cell
hypertrophy advanced and len-
toids developed. In contrast to GFAP immunoreactivity, crystalline alpha-A labelling
increased in distribution
and intensity as Muºller hypertrophy became more prominent and lentoids were formed.
This represents the ¢rst
report of intraretinal lentoids in birds in vivo.The immunohistochemical data suggest that
they arise from Muºller
cells. Association of lentoids with retinal damage supports the assertion that they arise
following disruption of
normal cell^cell communication.

Eosinophilic Myositis due to Sarcocystis hominis in a Beef Cow. J. Comp. Path.

2006,Vol.135, 249^253. Degenerate sarcocysts with a thick (7^9 mm) wall were present
in the suppurative centre of most lesions. Intact sarcocysts with similar morphology
were present in adjacent muscle ¢bres but without an associated in£ammatory reaction.
By transmission electron
microscopy the sarcocysts were identi¢ed as Sarcocystis hominis, based on the
morphology of villar protrusions of
the sarcocyst wall, which were broad-based and cylindrical, with a blunt distal end, and
contained numerous long
micro¢laments. Circumstantial evidence indicated a human source of infection, human
faecal material having
been spread on the pasture grazed by the cattle. The ¢ndings supported a causal
relationship between S. hominis
infection and EM in cattle. In the present study, circumstantial evidence indicated a
human rather than a feline ¢nal host, and
therefore S. hominis rather than S. hirsuta. It emerged that the farmer had emptied his
neighbour’s cesspit,
containing human faecal material, during January or February 2003. The contents had
been spread over
the pasture on which the cattle had grazed during the following summer.