DTM Surfaces

Copyright 2011 Gemcom Software International Inc.
(Gemcom)
All rights reserved. Gemcom publishes this documentation for the sole use of Gemcom licensees.
Without written permission, you may not sell, reproduce, store in a retrieval system, or transmit
any part of this documentation. For such permission, or to obtain extra copies please contact your
local Gemcom office, or visit www.gemcomsoftware.com.
This software and documentation is proprietary to Gemcom and, except where expressly provided
otherwise, does not form part of any contract. Changes may be made in products or services at
any time without notice.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, neither the authors nor
Gemcom assumes responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused from the use of the information contained herein.
Gemcom Software International Inc., Gemcom, the Gemcom logo, combinations thereof, and
GEMS, Surpac, Minex, Whittle, Gemcom InSite, Gemcom Hub, and PCBC are trademarks of
Gemcom Software International Inc. or its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Product
Surpac 6.2
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview
Requirements
Workflow
Surface Modelling Concepts
Strings and DTMs
Naming Conventions
Breaklines and Spot Heights
Graphical vs File-based Options
Set Up For This Tutorial
10
Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows XP)
10
Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows Vista)
11
Creating a DTM
12
Task: Perform Graphical Creation of a DTM
12
Task: Perform File-based Creation of a DTM
14
Task: Create a DTM from Spot Height Data
17
Task: Create a DTM Using Breaklines and Spot Heights
19
Viewing DTMs
22
Task: Colour a DTM by Elevation
22
Task: Perform Graphical Animation
23
Task: Save Images of a Graphical Animation
27
Transforming a DTM
Task: Transform a DTM to a Different Coordinate System
DTM Volume Calculations
28
28
31
Task: Create a Boundary String Using the File-based Method
31
Task: Create a Boundary String Using the Graphics-based Method
32
Calculate The Volume Between Two DTMs.
33
Task: Calculate Cut and Fill Volumes
33
Task: Net Volume Between DTMs
34
Clipping a DTM
40
Task: Clip a DTM - File Based Method
40
Task: Clip a DTM - Graphics Based Method
41
Sectioning a DTM
44
Task: Create a DTM Section Axis Line
44
Task: Create DTM Sections
45
Creating Contours
47
Task: Create DTM Contours File Based
47
Task: Create DTM Contours Graphics Based
48
Task: Create Index Contour File with Annotations

Draping a String Over a DTM
49
51
51
Task: Drape a Spot Height String Over a DTM
51
Task: Drape a Non-Spot Height String Over a DTM
52
Draping an Image
Task: Drape an Image Over a DTM.
DTM/DTM Intersections
55
55
58
Task: Create an Upper Triangles Surface of 2 DTMs
58
Task: Create a Lower Triangles Surface of 2 DTMs
58
Task: Create Solid by Intersecting 2 DTMs
59
Introduction
Introduction
Overview
Surface Modelling uses triangulation to create two-dimensional models known as Digital Terrain
Models (DTMs). This document introduces the theory behind surface modelling processes and
provides detailed examples using the surface modelling functions in Surpac.By working through this
tutorial you will gain skills in the construction, use of and modification of DTMs.
Requirements
The DTM Surfaces tutorial assumes that you have a basic knowledge of Surpac. If you are a new
Surpac user, you should go through the Introduction to Surpac tutorial before going through this
topic.
You will also need.
l
l
to have Surpac v6.1 or later installed on your computer and

the data set accompanying this tutorial.
Workflow
Note. This workflow demonstrates the steps in this tutorial. There are other ways to achieve a
result.
Surpac 6.2
Page 5 of 60
DTM Surfaces

Strings and DTMs
Digital terrain models (DTMs) are created from strings.
Triangles are created between points on the strings.
The result is a set of non-overlapping triangles.
Surfaces are used in Surpac for such things as 3D visualisation and for calculating volumes. Almost
any surface can be modelled as a DTM, including natural topography, lithological contacts,
bedrock/overburden contact, or water tables.
DTMs are made of triangles, with each point of each triangle matched to a point in the original string
file. Consequently DTM files are not valid without the original string files. That is, a DTM file cannot
be opened if the original string file of the same name is not accessible.
DTMs cannot fold back on themselves. That is, a DTM cannot have multiple Z values for a given X, Y
coordinate. It is not possible to model overhanging or vertical surfaces with a DTM surface.
Surpac 6.2
Page 6 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Naming Conventions
The objects you create in Surpac are numbered by a system similar to that of string and string
segment numbers.
String - object
Segment trisolation
Point - triangle
When you define an object you explicitly assign it both an object number and a trisolation number.
The object is then always referred to by this object and trisolation number.
The object number may be any in the range of 1 to 32000. The trisolation number may be any
positive integer. However, for most functions the object must be named object 1, trisolation 1.
Surpac 6.2
Page 7 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Breaklines and Spot Heights

Breakline strings are those which represent linear physical features that you can see in the real world
e.g. the crest of a pit, a fault in a geological model or a contour in a pit.
Spot height strings contain points which represent non-linear or point features, such as hill peaks,
surface low points, gridded points, borehole collars etc. The lines connecting the points in the spot
height string in graphics do not infer a physical line.
Surpac 6.2
Page 8 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Graphical vs File-based Options

A DTM can be created in two ways to best suit the data you wish to model.
Graphical DTM operations allow you to view your results immediately. However, for large data files,
the processing time may be prohibitive. The file-based tools allow you to perform DTM operations
directly on the file data, saving both memory usage and creation time.
For example, to create a DTM graphically, you would use.
To create a DTM using a file-based option, you would use.
Surpac 6.2
Page 9 of 60
DTM Surfaces

1. In the Navigator, right-click the dtm_surfaces folder.
2. Select Set as work directory.
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the Surpac window.
Surpac 6.2
Page 10 of 60
DTM Surfaces

1. In the Navigator, right-click the dtm_surfaces folder.
2. Select Set as work directory.
The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the Surpac window.
Surpac 6.2
Page 11 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
Creating a DTM
1. Click the Reset graphics icon
2. Open topo1.str.
topo1 is displayed.
3. Choose Surfaces > Create DTM from layer.

4. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply to create the DTM surface.
Surpac 6.2
Page 12 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
The DTM surface is displayed.
5. Choose File > Save > String/DTM.

6. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Note. Because the string file already exists, you will be asked if you wish to replace it.
7. Click Yes.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run 01a_create_DTM_from_layer.tcl. You will
need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Page 13 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM

You will now create a DTM from the string file pit1.str using file-based DTM creation. You will use this
function to demonstrate the impact of using strings as breaklines.
.
2. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Create DTM from string file.
Note. In this case the Strings to act as break lines check box is not ticked. The
message window informs you of the processing as the DTM is created.
DTM information is displayed in the message window.
Surpac 6.2
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DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
The DTM report log displayed.
4. Close the log file.

5. Open pit1.dtm.
Note. There are triangles in the DTM that are created across strings. This is not a
desired result.
Surpac 6.2
Page 15 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
Note. In this case, the Strings to act as break lines check box is ticked.
9. Open pit1.dtm.
Surpac 6.2
Page 16 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _01b_create_DTM_from_string_file.tcl.
You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.

2. Open dhc2.str.
Note. This file is a survey of drill hole collars prior to mining and may be used to model
the natural surface. Notice that the file consists of one spot height string.
3. Choose Display > Hide everything.
4. Choose Display > Point > Markers.
Surpac 6.2
Page 17 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
The string is displayed as markers.
Surpac 6.2
Page 18 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
The DTM report log displayed.

9. Open dhc2.dtm.
The DTM is displayed with markers.
Note. The default display view of a DTM is without markers.

Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _01c_create_dtm_from_spot_height_
data.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.

.
2. Open pit2.str.
3. Choose Display > Strings > With string numbers.
Surpac 6.2
Page 19 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
4. Enter the information as shown on each of the following forms, and then click Apply.
Note. You will see that string 9999 is a spot height string
Surpac 6.2
Page 20 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating a DTM
The Pit is displayed in plan view.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _01d_create_dtm_using_breaklines_and_
spot_heights.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Page 21 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Viewing DTMs
Viewing DTMs
.
2. Open pit1.dtm and rotate it in graphics.
An oblique view of the pit is displayed.
3. Choose Display > Surface or solid with colour banding.

Surpac 6.2
Page 22 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Viewing DTMs
The coloured pit is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _02_colour_dtm_by_elevation.tcl. You will

You will now digitise a string to follow and use the View along string function to fly in the direction of
the string.
2. Open eom_pit.dtm.
3. Choose Display > Surface or solid with colour banding.

Surpac 6.2
Page 23 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Viewing DTMs
5. Choose View > Data view options > View scale factors.
Tip. To give a more realistic view, increase the Z scale by a factor of 3.
7. On the status bar at the bottom of the screen, click the design string button
8. Set the Design string number to 500, and then click Apply.
Next you will create a new layer for the design string.
9. Click the New button in the Layers Pane.
10. Enter fly as the name of the new layer, and then click Apply.
11. From the toolbar, select the snapping list options and click on the Triangle option.
Surpac 6.2
Page 24 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Viewing DTMs
12. On the toolbar, select the

icon to activate the function Digitise a point at cursor
location.
The flight path in the pit is displayed.
13. Press the ESC key to terminate the function.

14. Choose Edit > String > Smooth.
16. Save this string as fly1.str.
Surpac 6.2
Page 25 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Viewing DTMs
17. Right click on the eom_pit.dtm layer in the Layers pane to bring up a popup menu.
18. From the popup menu, click Selectable to turn it off for the layer.
Notice that the padlock becomes closed, indicating that the layer is no longer selectable.
This ensures that when you start the animation, the string will be selected and not the
DTM.
19. Choose View > Data view options > View along a string.
21. Click any point on string 500 to start the animation.

The inside of the pit is displayed.
Surpac 6.2
Page 26 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Viewing DTMs
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _03a_fly_through.tcl. You will need to click
Apply on any forms presented.

1. Click the Zoom All icon
.
2. Choose View > Data view options > View along string.
Note. This process will produce many output files so the Max. frame distance has
been changed to capture an image every 20 metres.
4. Click any point on string 500 to start the animation.
Note. The output files (fly001.gif, fly002.gif) can be used to create an animated gif file using
other software.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _03b_fly_through_save_images.tcl. You
will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Page 27 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Transforming a DTM
Transforming a DTM
2. Open topo1.dtm.
topo1 is displayed.
3. Open pit2.dtm.
4. Click Zoom to extents.
Both the DTM surfaces are displayed.
5. Choose File tools > Transformations > 2D Transformation of a DTM file.
Surpac 6.2
Page 28 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Transforming a DTM
By filling in the form in this way, you will create a new dtm called transformed_pit.
Old points are the coordinates in the old system, New points are the
coordinates of the same two points in the new system.
l A Z correction of -800 is applied to move the pit 800 metres lower.
7. Verify that the transformation parameters are correct on the Verifytransformation
parameters form.
l
If the grids are plane metric grids, the scale factor should be 1.0. Any variation represents
an error. In the example in this tutorial, there is an error of 5 mm in 10 m.
Note. By default the rotation is displayed in DDD.MMSS format. Shift Y is the
difference between Y1 (old) and Y1 (new) as entered on the Transform Coordinates of
Triangles (2d) form. Shift X is the difference between X1 (old) and X1 (new). In other
words, the shifts are the difference in Nothing and Easting between the coordinates of
the first point in the two systems.
8. Select the Accept these adjustments box, and then click Apply.
Surpac 6.2
Page 29 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Transforming a DTM
9. Open transformed_pit2.dtm.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _04_transform_DTM.tcl. You will need to
click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Page 30 of 60
DTM Surfaces

In this case, you will display the DTMs only for clarity.
.
2. Open pit1.dtm and topo1.dtm.
The pit with topography is displayed.
3. Choose Surfaces > DTM File functions > Line of intersection between 2 DTMs.
5. Open intersection1.str.
6. Click the
Surpac 6.2
icon to toggle the triangle faces off.
Page 31 of 60
DTM Surfaces
The boundary string is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _04a_create_boundary_string_file_
based.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.

In this case the DTMs must be displayed in graphics because the function uses graphics layers to
determine its input and output.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click the Reset graphics icon

.
Open topo1.dtm and pit1.dtm.
Choose Surfaces > Clip or intersect DTMs > Line of intersection between DTMs.
Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.
Note. In the graphics-based method, you need to save the string in the intersection
layer to a string file if you wish to use it for further processing.
Surpac 6.2
Page 32 of 60
DTM Surfaces
The pit intersection line is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _04b_create_boundary_string_graphics_
based.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Calculate The Volume Between Two DTMs.

Note. In order to perform this task, the file intersection1.str must exist. If it does not exist, run
macro _04a_create_boundary_string_file_based.tcl
.
2. Choose Surfaces > Volumes > Cut and fill between DTMs.
Surpac 6.2
Page 33 of 60
DTM Surfaces
The DTM cut and fill report log is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _05a_cut_and_fill_volumes.tcl. You will

1. Open pit2.dtm.
2. Choose Display > Strings > With string numbers.
3. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply to display string 2.
The plan view of the pit is displayed.
Surpac 6.2
Page 34 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Note. String 2 of pit2.str is used as the boundary string for the volume calculation.
4. Open dhc2.dtm.
5. Right click to the right of the menus, move the cursor to Toolbars, and then click Scale
and transparency.
6. Drag the transparency slider to set the transparency of triangles to 50%.
Surpac 6.2
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DTM Surfaces
The DTM displayed is transparent.
7. Choose Surfaces > Volumes > Net volume between DTMs.

Surpac 6.2
Page 36 of 60
DTM Surfaces
9. Left click, then right click the check box as shown, and select Field Help.
10. Close Field help.

11. Click Apply.
Next you will be prompted to save the triangles from each DTM clipped by the boundary
string.
Note. It is not necessary to save the modified DTMs.
12. Leave the next two forms blank, and click Apply on both.
Surpac 6.2
Page 37 of 60
DTM Surfaces
The DTM surfaces report log pit2.not is displayed.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Surpac 6.2
Close pit2.not.
Open bdyres2.str.
Choose Display > Point > Attributes.
Page 38 of 60
DTM Surfaces
The boundary string is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _05b_net_volume_between_dtms.tcl.
Surpac 6.2
Page 39 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Clipping a DTM
Clipping a DTM
.
3. Enter the information as shown below, and then click Apply.
Note. In this case we are using the same string to clip the DTM as was used to define
the boundary of the DTM. Since the operation was performed directly on the input files,
there is no need to manually save the DTM file.
4. Close the log file generated in the previous step.
5. Open back1665.dtm.
Surpac 6.2
Page 40 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Clipping a DTM
The clipped DTM is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _06a_clip_dtm_file_based.tcl. You will

2. Open lev1665.str.
3. Choose Inquire > Segment properties and select each segment.

Note. The pillars are all anti-clockwise and the drives are all clockwise.
Surpac 6.2
Page 41 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Clipping a DTM
4. Choose Surfaces > Create DTM from layer.

6. Choose Surfaces > Clip or intersect DTMs > Clip DTM with string.
7. Select any point on the string.
Surpac 6.2
Page 42 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Clipping a DTM
9. Save as lev1665.dtm.
This is one way of beginning to create a 3D model of these underground workings.

Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _06b_clip_dtm_graphics_based.tcl. You
Surpac 6.2
Page 43 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Sectioning a DTM
Sectioning a DTM
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
Open pit1.dtm.
Choose Create > Section axis by coordinates.
The pit with axis line is displayed.
5. Save pit1.dtm.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _07a_create_section_axis_line.tcl. You will
Surpac 6.2
Page 44 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Sectioning a DTM

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
Open pit1.dtm.
Choose Display > Section axis line.
Choose Surfaces > Create sections from DTM.
Note. The first section is extracted from the axis start. Sections will not be extracted
past the axis end point.
Surpac 6.2
Page 45 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Sectioning a DTM
The axis line is displayed on the left, the resulting section coordinates being displayed on
the right.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _07b_sectioning_pit.tcl. You will need to
Surpac 6.2
Page 46 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating Contours
Creating Contours
.
2. Choose Surfaces > Contouring > Contour DTM file.
4. Open pit1.dtm.
5. Open contour1.str.
The plan view of the pit is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run 08a_create_dtm_contours_file_based.tcl.
Surpac 6.2
Page 47 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating Contours

1.
2.
3.
4.

.
Open pit1.dtm.
Choose Surfaces > Contouring > Contour DTM in layer.
The pit and contours are displayed.
5. Select from the active layer to slice.
6. Save the data to pitcon5.str.

Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run 07c_section_pit_by_elevation.tcl. You will
Surpac 6.2
Page 48 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating Contours

.
2. Choose Surfaces > Contouring > Contour DTM file.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Open annotate.str.
Choose Display > Hide everything.
Choose Display > Point > Attributes.
8. Open index1.str.
9. Open contour1.str
Surpac 6.2
Page 49 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Creating Contours
The pit contour with annotations is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _08b_create_index_contour_file_with_
annotations.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Page 50 of 60
DTM Surfaces

1.
2.
3.
4.

.
Open files topo1.dtm and then dhcollar1.str.
Choose Display > Hide strings > In a layer.

7. Left-click your mouse and hold down the button to rotate the view of the drill hole collars
as shown, to enable you to select the markers and not the DTM.
8. Choose Surfaces > Drape string over DTM.

9. Click on one of the markers to select the string to drape over the DTM.
Surpac 6.2
Page 51 of 60
DTM Surfaces
The DTM is displayed with draped markers.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _09a_draping_a_spot_height_string_over_
a_dtm.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.

2. Open floor1055.dtm.
3. Open centreline.str.
4. Click the
icon to view the data in the XZ plane.
6. Enter the information as shown on the following forms, and then click Apply.
Surpac 6.2
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DTM Surfaces
Note. The centreline.str only contains two points.

7. Choose Surfaces > Drape string over DTM.
8. Click the centreline string.
Note. In this case, the option to Interpolate new points is ticked to create new points
where the string crosses a triangle edge.
Surpac 6.2
Page 53 of 60
DTM Surfaces
12. Choose View > Data view options > Plan view, and then click the
DTM triangle edges.
icon to display the
Note. The points have been created at the intersection of the string and DTM triangle
edges.
13. Save the string as centreline_draped.str.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task, run _09b_draping_a_non_spot_height_
string_over_a_dtm.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Page 54 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Draping an Image
Draping an Image
2. Open eom_pit.dtm.
3. Choose File > Images > Drape an image file over a DTM.
4. Click anywhere on the DTM.
Note. You will be prompted to Select the triangle of interest.
Note. The name used for the Registration file must not exist when you are using the
register with new points option.
Surpac 6.2
Page 55 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Draping an Image
The DTM is displayed first, then the image to drape over the DTM.
6. Follow the prompts in yellow at the bottom of the screen to select a series of registration
points; firstly in the image, and then in the DTM.
Tip. Try to pick points that represent features easily recognisable on both the image and
the DTM. Also, pick enough points to cover the majority of your area of interest.
7. When sufficient registration points have been defined (minimum = 3 points), press Esc to
display the coordinates of your registration points.
8. Click Apply.
The pit with image drape is displayed.
Tip. To give a more realistic view, increase the z scale by a factor of 3.

9. Choose View > Data view options > View scale factors.
Surpac 6.2
Page 56 of 60
DTM Surfaces
Draping an Image
11. Rotate the image to see the full effects of the rescaled image drape.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _10_image_draping.tcl. You will need to
Surpac 6.2
Page 57 of 60
DTM Surfaces
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
Open dump1.dtm.
Open topo_dump1.dtm.
Choose Surfaces > Clip or intersect DTMs > Upper triangles of 2 DTMs.
Note. The layer name cannot be the same as any of the current layers.
6. Follow the prompts highlighted at the bottom of the screen.
Note. The image will be displayed in a different colour until the calculation function is
deselected.
7. Press Esc.
The DTM is displayed.
8. Save the file as upper_surface.dtm.

Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task, run _11a_upper_triangles_of_2_dtms.tcl. You
Task: Create a Lower Triangles Surface of 2 DTMs

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Surpac 6.2

.
Open topo1.dtm.
Open pit1.dtm.
Choose Surfaces > Clip or intersect DTMs > Lower triangles of 2 DTMs.
Page 58 of 60
DTM Surfaces
6. Follow the prompts highlighted at the bottom of the screen.

Note. The image will be displayed in a different colour until the calculation function is
deselected.
7. Press ESC to deselect the function.
The DTM with pit is displayed.
8. Save the file as lower_surface.dtm.

Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _11b_lower_triangles_of_2DTMs.tcl. You

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
Open topo1.dtm.
Open pit1.dtm.
Choose Surfaces > Clip or intersect DTMs > Create solid by intersecting 2 DTMs.
Note. The layer name cannot be the same as any of the current layers.
6. Follow the prompts highlighted in yellow at the bottom of the screen.
Notes. The upper DTM (topography) must be selected first, followed by the lower DTM
(pit). The image will be displayed in a different colour until the calculation function is
deselected.
7. Press ESC.
Surpac 6.2
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DTM Surfaces
The solid from the DTM intersection is displayed.
8. Save the file as pit_solid.dtm.

9. Choose Solids > Solids tools > Report volume of solids.
The solids object report log is displayed.
Note. To see all of the steps performed in this task run _11c_create_solid_intersecting_2_
dtms.tcl. You will need to click Apply on any forms presented.
Surpac 6.2
Page 60 of 60
DTM Surfaces

DTM Surfaces

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Copyright 2011 Gemcom Software International Inc.

Surface Modelling Concepts

Strings and DTMs

Breaklines and Spot Heights

Graphical vs File-based Options

Set Up For This Tutorial

Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows XP)

Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows Vista)

Task: Perform Graphical Creation of a DTM

Task: Perform File-based Creation of a DTM

Task: Create a DTM from Spot Height Data

Task: Create a DTM Using Breaklines and Spot Heights

Task: Colour a DTM by Elevation

Task: Perform Graphical Animation

Task: Save Images of a Graphical Animation

Task: Create a Boundary String Using the File-based Method

Task: Create a Boundary String Using the Graphics-based Method

Calculate The Volume Between Two DTMs.

Task: Calculate Cut and Fill Volumes

Task: Net Volume Between DTMs

Task: Clip a DTM - File Based Method

Task: Clip a DTM - Graphics Based Method

Task: Create a DTM Section Axis Line

Task: Create DTM Sections

Task: Create DTM Contours File Based

Task: Create DTM Contours Graphics Based

Task: Create Index Contour File with Annotations

Task: Drape a Spot Height String Over a DTM

Task: Drape a Non-Spot Height String Over a DTM

Task: Create an Upper Triangles Surface of 2 DTMs

Task: Create a Lower Triangles Surface of 2 DTMs

Task: Create Solid by Intersecting 2 DTMs

to have Surpac v6.1 or later installed on your computer and

Surface Modelling Concepts

Surface Modelling Concepts

Triangles are created between points on the strings.

The result is a set of non-overlapping triangles.

Surface Modelling Concepts

Surface Modelling Concepts

Breaklines and Spot Heights

Surface Modelling Concepts

Graphical vs File-based Options

To create a DTM using a file-based option, you would use.

Set Up For This Tutorial

Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows XP)

Set Up For This Tutorial

Set Up For This Tutorial

Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows Vista)

Task: Set the Work Directory (Windows Vista)

Task: Perform Graphical Creation of a DTM

3. Choose Surfaces > Create DTM from layer.

Task: Perform Graphical Creation of a DTM

The DTM surface is displayed.

5. Choose File > Save > String/DTM.

Task: Perform File-based Creation of a DTM

Task: Perform File-based Creation of a DTM

Task: Perform File-based Creation of a DTM

The DTM report log displayed.

4. Close the log file.

Task: Perform File-based Creation of a DTM

7. Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply.

Task: Create a DTM from Spot Height Data

Task: Create a DTM from Spot Height Data