Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are

moderate to severe. Typically, the headaches affect one half of the head, are pulsating in
nature, and last from two to 72 hours. Associated symptoms may include nausea, vomiting,
and sensitivity to light, sound, or smell. The pain is generally made worse by physical
activity. Up to one-third of people have an aura: typically a short period of visual
disturbance which signals that the headache will soon occur Occasionally, an aura can
occur with little or no headache following it.

Cause
The underlying causes of migraines are unknown. However, they are believed to be related
to a mix of environmental and genetic factors. They run in families in about two-thirds of
cases and rarely occur due to a single gene defect.[40] While migraines were once
believed to be more common in those of high intelligence, this does not appear to be true.
[41] A number of psychological conditions are associated, including depression, anxiety,
and bipolar disorder, as are many biological events or triggers.
INSECT AND ANIMAL BITES
INSECT
But occasionally they can become infected, cause a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
or spread serious illnesses such as Lyme disease and malaria.
Bugs that bite or sting include wasps, hornets, bees, horseflies, ticks, mosquitoes, fleas,
bedbugs, spiders and midges.
Causes of Insect Bites

Most insects do not usually attack humans unless they are provoked. Many
bites and stings are defensive. Insects sting to protect their hives or nests or
when incidentally touched or disturbed (so hives and nests should not be
ANIMAL BITES
Wild animals usually avoid people. They might attack, however, if they feel threatened, are
sick, or are protecting their young or territory. Attacks by pets are more common. Animal
bites rarely are life-threatening, but if they become infected, you can develop serious
medical problems.
Animal Bite Causes
Animal bites usually are either provoked or unprovoked. A provoked bite would occur if a
person teases a dog or tries to take away the dog's food while the dog is eating. An
unprovoked bite may occur if the person are sitting in their backyard and a raccoon runs
out of the woods and attacks them for no known reason. A stray dog that approaches a
person and begins to bite them would be considered unprovoked. This type of information
is very important to health care professional taking care of the bite beside in certain animal
species "unprovoked" bites can be a sign or indicator that the animal has rabies and needs
to be either captured, quarantined or very closely monitored
Stomash pains
is pain that occurs between the chest and pelvic regions. Abdominal pain can be crampy,
achy, dull, intermittent or sharp. Its also called a stomachache.

Inflammation or diseases that affect the organs in the abdomen can cause abdominal pain.
Major organs located in the abdomen include

Cause: Whether it's a mild stomach ache, sharp pain, or stomach cramps, abdominal pain
can have numerous causes. Some of the more common causes include:
Indigestion
Constipation
Stomach virus
Menstrual cramps
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Food poisoning
Food allergies

breathing difficulty
The term breathing difficulty describes discomfort when breathing and the
feeling that you cant draw a complete breath. This can develop gradually,
or you may have a sudden onset. Breathing difficulties make you feel as
though you cant get enough air. Mild breathing problems, such as fatigue
following an aerobics class, dont fall into this category.
Causes Breathing Difficulties
Breathing difficulties are often due to simple environmental issues or
common health concerns. These include allergies to dust, mold, or pollen;
stress and anxiety; blocked air passages from a stuffy nose or throat
phlegm; and lowered oxygen intake from climbing to a high altitude.
mental health problems
Mental health problems can affect the way you think, feel and behave. They
affect around one in four people in Britain, and range from common mental
health problems, such as depression and anxiety, to more rare problems
such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A mental health problem can
feel just as bad, or worse, as any other physical illness only you cannot see
it.

causes
Mental health problems can have a wide range of causes. In most cases,
no one is sure precisely what the cause of a particular problem is. It's
likely that for many people there is a combination of factors, although
some people may be more deeply affected by certain things than others.
Allergic reactions
Allergic reactions are sensitivities to substances called allergens that
come into contact with the skin, nose, eyes, respiratory tract, and
gastrointestinal tract. They can be breathed into the lungs, swallowed, or
injected.
case
Some common allergens include:

Animal dander

Bee stings

Certain medications such as penicillin

Dust mites

Foods -- particularly peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, eggs,

milk, wheat, and soy

Insect bites

Latex or other materials you touch

Strain
A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when your muscle is
overstretched or torn. This usually occurs as a result of fatigue, overuse,
or improper use of a muscle. Strains can happen in any muscle, but
theyre most common in your lower back, neck, shoulder, and hamstring,
which is the muscle behind your thigh.

Causes
An acute muscle strain is when your muscle tears suddenly and
unexpectedly. Such tears can occur either from injuries or trauma. This
can be due to
not warming up properly before physical activity
poor flexibility
poor conditioning
overexertion and fatigue

What is a wound infection?

A wound is a damaged area of the body, usually involving a break to the
skin. Wounds can be surgical (a cut made during an operation in order to
do the procedure) or due to trauma. Traumatic wounds could be a result
of falls, accidents, fights, bites or weapons. They may be cuts,
lacerations, grazes, etc. Both surgical and traumatic wounds may have
been closed with stitches, glue or sticky tapes, to help healing. In some
wounds this closure is not needed. This is because the wound is small or
the edges are close together.

What causes wound infections?

Wound infections are caused by the deposition and multiplication of

microorganisms in the surgical site of a susceptible host. There are a
number of ways microorganisms can get into wounds.
Direct contact transfer from surgical equipment or the hands of the
surgeons or nurses
Airborne dispersal surrounding air contaminated with micro-organisms that
deposit onto the wound
Self-contamination physical migration of the patients own endogenous
flora which are present on the skin, mucous membranes or gastrointestinal
tract to the surgical site.