MM OF THORACIC LIMB: EXTRINSIC

Muscle
A. Superficial Pectoral
1. Descending
2. Transverse

B. Deep/Ascending Pectoral
* Platysma

Description

Origin

Insertion

- bet cr of sternum
and humerus
- in front: (C)
- behind: biceps
brachii
and
humerus
1. smaller and
superficial to (2)
w/c it crosses
obliquely
2. related on (B)
- larger and longer
than (A)
- lies largely under
skin,
thoracic
mammae,
and
cutaneus trunci
- cr part: covered
by (A)
- cd border: near
papilla
of
cd
thoracic mamma
- cdolat border:
abdominal slip
* - best developed
of the cutaneous
mm of the neck
and head
* - fibers sweep
crovtrlly
over
dorsal part of neck
and
over
lat
surface of face

1. 1st sternebra
(manubrium)
2. 1st 2 or 3
sternebrae;
fibrous raphe
bet adj muscles

whole crest of
greater
tubercle on
humerus

cr pectoral nn
(C7, C8)

vtrl sternum;
fibrous raphe
bet fellow mm;
deep abdominal
fascia of
xiphoid
cartilage (cd
end of sternum)

major portion
(partly
muscular,
partly
tendinous)
lesser tubercle
of humerus;
aponeurosis
greater tubercle
and its crest;
cd part medl
brachial fascia

cd pectoral nn
(C8, T1)

* - (head)

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

C. Brachiocephalicus
1. Cleidocephalicus
a. Cleidocervicalis
b. Cleidomastoideus
* Clavicular intersection
2. Cleidobrachialis

D. Sternocephalicus
1. Sternomastoideus
2. Sterno-occipitalis
* Sternohyoideus
** Sternothyroideus

compound
muscle
that
appears as one
obliquely
traverses neck
* - faint line, at
the shoulder, that
crosses the muscle
* - the edge of a
fibrous plate on
the deep surface
of
w/c
the
vestigial clavicle
(collar bone) is
connected
1a. bounded cdlly
by (F) and crlly by
(D-2)
1b. thicker than
(1a)
2. muscle distal to
(C-*) bet biceps
brachii
medlly
and
brachialis
latlly
- dorsal border:
adj to vtrl border
of (C-1)
- cr part: divided
into two
- EJV: obliquely
crosses its lat
surface
1.
thicker,
rounded, vtrl
2. thin, but wide
dorsal portion

clavicular
tendon

1a. dorsal cr
half of midline
of neck;
sometimes
nuchal crest of
occipital bone
1b. mastoid
process of
temporal bone
of skull
2. distal end of
cr border of
humerus

accessory nerve
(CN11),
vtrl branches of
cervical spinal nn

manubrium,
1st costal
cartilage;
** 1st costal
cartilage only

1. mastoid
process of
temporal bone
of skull
2. nuchal crest
of occipital
bone of skull
* basihyoid
bone
** cdolat surface of thyroid
cartilage

CN11,
vtrl branches of
cervical spinal nn

E. Omotransversarius

F. Trapezius
1. T. cervicis/cervicalis
2. T. thoracis

G. Rhomboideus
1. R. capitis
2. R. cervicis
3. R. thoracis

* - lies on
trachea, covered
by (D) cdlly
*
midvtrl
groove: indicates
separa-tion
of
R&L mm
** - covered at its
origin by (D-*)
** - L m bounded
dorsally
by
esophagus
and
medlly by trachea
- straplike m,
deeper than (C-1)
- medlly: related t
deep
cervical
fascia
- cdlly: sqt
- crlly: covered by
(C-1a)
- has superficial
cervical lnn: cr to
scapula
- thin, triangular
w/
two
parts
separated by an
aponeurosis
1. overlapped by
(C-1a)
2. overlaps (H)
- lies beneath (F)
- holds dorsal
border of scapula
close to body
1. narrow muscle
only seen in dogs

distal end of
spine of
scapula

crlly, wing of
atlas

CN 11

median raphe
of neck,
supraspinous
lig from level
of C3-T9

spine of
scapula

CN11

1. nuchal crest
of occipital
bone
2. mdn fibrous
raphe of neck
3. spines of T1-

cr dorsal border
of scapula and
adj surfaces

vtrl branches of
cervical and
thoracic spinal nn

H. Latissimus Dorsi

I. Serratus Ventralis
1. SV cervicis
2. SV thoracis

and cats
3. short and thick;
cd border deep to
the (H)
- large, roughly
triangular
- lies cd to scapula
- covers most of
the dorsal and
some of the lat
thoracic wall
- continuous large
fan-shaped m
- acts as a sling to
support the body
bet limbs

Brachioradialis inconstant muscle in dogs

T7

thoracolumba
r fascia from
spines of T7L1,
muscular attachment to the
last 2-3 ribs
wings of C3C7,
first 7-8 ribs
vtrl to their
middle

teres major
tuberosity of
humerus,
teres major
tendon

thoracodorsal n
(C7, C8, T1)

serrated face
(dorsomedial
3rd) of scapula

vtrl branches of
cervical spinal
nn,
long thoracic n
(C7)

MM OF THORACIC LIMB: INTRINSIC

Lat Scapula/Shoulder
Muscle

A. Deltoideus
1. Scapular
2. Acromial

B. Infraspinatus

C. Teres Minor

Description

Origin

has
two
portions that fuse
and
act
in
common across
shoulder
1. arises as a
wide aponeurosis
that covers the
(B)
- fusiform
- scrape away
from spine and
fossa, then reflect
to expose the
subtendinous
synovial bursa
- small, wedge-

1.
scapular
spine

Insertion

Innervation

Arterial Supply

axillary n

subscapular

in
infraspinous
fossa

small, circumscribed area on

lat side of
greater
tubercle
of
humerus

suprascapular n

superficial cervical

infraglenoid

teres

axillary n

subscapular

minor

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

D. Supraspinatus

shaped muscle
- cd to shoulder jt
covered
superficially by
(A)
- wider and larger
than (B)
- largely covered
by
trapezius
cervicis
and
omotrans.
- extends over cr
border of scapula
so that part is
closely united w/
subscapularis
medially

tubercle,
distal 3rd of cd
border
of
scapula

tuberosity
humerus

of

in
supraspinous
fossa

thick tendon at
greater
tubercle
of
humerus

suprascapular n

superficial cervical

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Medial Scapula/Shoulder
Muscle
A. Subscapularis

B. Teres Major

Description
- crlly: closely
associated
w/
supraspinatus
- cdlly: similar
relation w/ teres
major
- directly cd to
(A)
- not round but
has 3 surfaces
- fibers extend
distally

Origin

Insertion

entire
subscapular
fossa

lesser tubercle
of humerus

subscapular n

proximally cd
surface of (A),
proximal
cd
border
of
scapula

tendon
of
latissimus
dorsi at teres
major
tuberosity
(proximal medl
surface
of
body)
of

axillary n

subscapular

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

C. Coracobrachialis

humerus
- crest of lesser musculocutantubercle
of eous n
humerus
proximal
to
teres
major
tuberosity
- crossed by
conjoined
tendons of (B)
and lat dor

- small, spindleshaped
muscle
that crosses medl
surface
of
shoulder obliquely
- distal to lesser
tubercle
- medial to origin
of medial triceps
- tendon courses
cr to center of
shoulder

coracoid
process
of
scapula by a
relatively long
tendon

Muscle

Description

Origin

Insertion

A. Tensor Fasciae Antebrachii

- thin strap that

lies on (B-1)

fascia of lat
side of lat
dorsi

B. TRIceps Brachii
1. long head
2. lat head
3. medial head
4. accessory head

- largest of the
three cd mm of
brachium
- 4 heads w/ a
common tendon
(olecranon

1. cd border of
scapula
2.
tricipital
line of humerus
3. crest of
lesser tubercle

medl fascia of
antebrachium,
olecranon of
ulna
except 3
olecranon
tuber
3. olecranon of
ulna

Cd Arm (Brachium)
Innervation

Arterial Supply

radial n

radial n

axillary,
brachial

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

C. Anconeus

tuber)
1.
completely
bridges
the
humerus; appears
to have 2 bellies;
expose tendon to
notice subtendinous bursa bet it
and groove of
olecranon
2. lies distal to
(B-1),
cd
to
acromial deltoideus and lat to (B4) w/c it covers;
reflect to expose
(B-3), (B-4), and
brachialis m
3. lies cdlly on
humerus, lat & cd
to biceps brachii;
lat surface is
closely bound to
long tendon of
(B-4)
4. bet (B-2) &
(B-3)

near
teres
major
tuberosity
4. neck of
humerus

- small muscle
located
almost
completely in the
olecranon fossa
- most distal
fibers lie in a
transverse plane
reflect
to
expose the elbow

lateral supracondylar crest,

lat and medl
epicondyles of
humerus

olecranon: lat
surface
of
proximal end
of ulna

radial n

jt capsule

Cr Arm (Brachium)
Muscle
A. Biceps Brachii

Description

Origin

- long, fusiform supraglenoid

muscle w/ only tubercle
one head, but
tendon splits into

Insertion
larger tendon
ulnar
tuberosity;
smaller tendon

Innervation
musculocutaneous n

Arterial Supply
superficial cervical,
axillary,
brachial

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

B. Brachialis

two
- lies on medl and
cr surfaces of
humerus
completely
bridges humerus
covered
superficially by
pectoral mm
reflecting
requires severing
transverse
humeral
retinaculum
- synovial sheath
of tendon: ext of
shoulder
jt
capsule
(intertubercular
bursa)
long,
thin
muscle at lat side
- curves latlly
and crlly as it
courses distally
and crosses the
elbow
- large part of its
lat
surface:
covered
by
triceps lat head
- distally: runs
medial to origin
of ECR

Cr & Lat Forearm (Antebrachium)

radial tuberosity

brachialis
/
musculospiral
groove:
proximal 3rd of
lat surface of
humerus

medl side of
ulnar
tuberosity;
radial
tuberosity;

musculocutaneous n

superficial cervical,
axillary,
brachial

Muscle
A. Extensor carpi radialis

B. Common digital extensor

C. Lateral digital extensor

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

- largest of crolat
antebrachial mm
- lies on cr surface
of
radius
throughout most
of its course
- easily palpated
in live dog
- tendon looks
single,
but
distinctly double
throughout distal
3rd
- extensor retinaculum:
transversely oriented
condensation of
carpal fascia that
aids in holding in
grooves
all
tendons that cross
the dorsum of
carpus
- shaped like (A)
and cd to it on lat
side of forearm

lat supracondylar crest

small tuberoseties on dorsal

surfaces
of
base of MC2
and MC3

lat epicondyle
of humerus

- abt half the size

of (B)
- bet (B) and (D)
- tendon begins at
mid of forearm,
passes under (A)

lat epicondyle
of humerus

extensor pro- radial n

cesses of distal
phalanges
of
digits II, II, IV,
and V
proximal ends radial n
of all phalanges
of digits III, IV,
and V, but
mainly extensor processes

radial n

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

in a groove bet
radius and ulna
D. Ulnaris lateralis
(Extensor carpi ulnaris)

E. Supinator

F. Abductor digiti I longus

(extensor carpi obliquus in
domestic animals)

- larger than (C)

and lies cd to it
- bounded deeply
by ulna and large
flexor grp of mm
w/c lie cd and
medl to it
- only flexor to
arise on lat epi??
- short, broad,
flat, and obliquely
placed across lat
side of flexor
surface of elbow
- covered superficially by (A) and
(B)
- has a sesamoid
bone where it
crosses head of
radius
triangular?
muscle that lies
mainly in groove
bet radius & ulna
- tendon obliquely
crosses (A)
- tendon has a
sesamoid
bone
where it crosses
medl surface of
carpus

lat epicondyle
of humerus

of distal phalanges of the

digits
lat aspect of
proximal end
of MC5 and
accessory CB

radial n

lat epicondyle
of humerus

cr surface of
proximal 4th of
radius

radial n

lat border and

cr surface of
ulna;
interosseous
membrane

proximal
of MC1

radial n

end

 Cd & Medial Forearm (Antebrachium)

Muscle
A. Pronator teres

B. FCR

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

- obliquely across
medl surface of
elbow
round
in
transverse section
at its origin
- flat at its
insertion
- lies bet ECR
crlly, and FCR
cdlly
- lies bet (A) crlly
and (C) cdlly
- covers (E), part
of w/c can be seen
- has a thick,
fusiform
belly,
w/c, partly embedded
in
(E),
extends only to
mid of radius
- flexor retinaculum: thick layer
of fibrous tissue
on palmar side of
carpus

medl epicondyle
of
humerus

medl border of
radius
bet
proximal and
mid 3rds

median n

medl epicondyle
of
humerus;
medl border of
radius

palmar side of
base of MC2
and MC3

median n

Arterial Supply

brachial: common
interosseous, deep
antebrachial

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

C. SDF

D. FCU
1. ulnar head
2. humeral head

- beneath skin and

antebrachial
fascia on cdomedl
side of forearm
- covers (E) and is
fleshy almost to
the carpus
- single tendon
until acc CB in
carpal
canal
(covered
by
superficial part of
flexor retinaculum), then divides
into 4 tendons of
nearly equal sizes
- at metacarpophalangeal
jt:
each tendon forms
a collar (flexor
manica) around
(E) that passes
thru it
- palmar annular
lig: crosses flexor
manica to hold
(C) & (E) in place
- digital synovial
sheath: a common
synovial
membrane for (E)
and (C) w/ its
sheath
- has two parts
that are distinct
throughout their
length

medl epicondyle
of
humerus

palmar surface median n

of
base
/
proximal end
of
middle
phalanges
of
digits II, III, IV,
V

brachial: common
interosseous, deep
antebrachial

1. cd border
and
medl
surface
of
olecranon

two tendons at
acc CB

brachial: common
interosseous, deep
antebrachial

ulnar n

E. DDF
1. humeral head
2. ulnar head
3. radial head

subfascial
bursa
over
tendon of ins of
(D-2)
- intertendinous
bursa at insertion
1. thin and wide
proximally,
but
narrow distally;
bet
ulnaris
lateralis and (C)
2. large & fleshy
and lies cr to
ulnar head, except
distally, where its
tendon lies cd to it
- has 3 heads of
origin of dissimilar sizes
- divides into 5
branches distal to
carpus
- annular digital
ligs: support (E)
tendon proximal
and
distal
to
palmar surface of
the
proximal
interphalangeal jt
- flexor retinaculum: holds fused
tendons of all 3
heads
at
the
carpus / in the
carpal canal
- carpal canal:
formed by acc CB

2. medl epicondyle
of
humerus

1. medl epicondyle
of
humerus
2.
proximal
3/4s of cd
border of ulna
3. mid 3rd of
medl border of
radius

flexor tubercle
on
palmar
surface
of
distal phalanx
of each digit

median and ulnar

nn

brachial: common
interosseous, deep
antebrachial

F. Pronator quadratus

latlly, palmar carpal lig and carpal

bones
dorsally,
and flexor retinaculum on palmar
surface
1. much larger
than other heads
and has several
bellies
2. small
3. smallest
- fills in the space
bet radius and
ulna
fibers
run
transversely bet
two bones

(Attachments:
apposed cd surfaces of radius
and ulna)

median n

MM OF TRUNK AND NECK: EPAXIAL MM

Iliocostalis System
Muscle

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

A. Iliocostalis thoracis
B. Iliocostalis lumborum

Longisimus System
Muscle
A. Longissimus thoracis et

lumborum
B. Longissimus cervicis
C. Longissimus capitis

Transversospinalis System
Muscle

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

A. Splenius
B. Semispinalis capitis
1. Biventer cervicis
2. Complexus

MM OF TRUNK AND NECK: HYPAXIAL MM

Neck
Muscle

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp

A. Longus capitis
B. Longus colli

Thoracic Wall
Muscle
A. Scalenus
B. Serratus Ventralis
1. SV cervicis
2. SV thoracis
C. Serratus Dorsalis
1. SD cranialis
2. SD caudalis
D. External intercostal mm
E. Internal intercostal mm

Abdominal Wall

Muscle
A. External abdominal
oblique (EAO)
B. Internal abdominal oblique
(IAO)
C. Transversus Abdominis
D. Rectus Abdominis

Description

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Supply

Insp
/ Exp