Year Title

2011 The application of the theory of constraints in the small business

sector
1994 How Theory of Constraints can be used to direct preventative
maintenance
2003 Multi-Constraint Information Management and Visualisation for
Collaborative Planning and Control in Construction
2012 Determining production schedule with resource constraints using
drum-buffer-rope (DBR) approach
1991 Manufacturing-led competitiveness: use maths not myths

2007 Managing Distribution According to TOC Principles

2012 The Dispatching Rules of Dual Resource Constraints under DBR

Environment
2013 Employing Theory of Constraints in Warehousing Operation: Case
Study at Harald Pihl AB
Customer Service in Hospitality Organisations and the Theory of
Constraints Critically assessed from a Logistical Perspective
1998 Theory of constraints and lean manufacturing: friends or foes?

2006 Apliccaco do Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restricces

para melhoria em Processos de Negcios
2011 Optimized Production Technology (OPT) and Theory of
Constraints (TOC)

2008 The selection process

2004 Advanced Techniques of Theory of Constraints and Activity

Based Costing for Scheduling of High Technology Productions
Lines
2009 TQM, TPM, TOC, Lean and Six Sigma - Evolution of
manufacturing methodologies under the paradigm shift from
Taylorism/Fordism to Toyotism
2007 Development of computer-aided maintenance resources
planning (CAMRP): A case of multiple CNC machining centers
1998 Organizational Learning The TOC Way

1998 Using the MRPII system for constraints management

1998 Organizational Issues and Strategies to Consider When

Implementing Computerized DBR
2013 Bottleneck detection method based on production line
information for semiconductor manufacturing system
2007 Applying TOC replenishment method to improve production
performance of TFT-LCD industry
2007 The proposal of production planning and control system
applicable by supply chain integration by through agent-based
solutions
2009 Study on hierarchy collaborative planning for TFT-LCD production
chain
2008 A queuing theory approach to estimate time buffer in the DBRcontrolled production system
2006 A comment on the formulation of an aggregate production
planning problem

2006 A heuristic algorithm based on DBR and MAS for solving

container loading problem
2006 747 Production, Theory of Constraints Application (Presentation)

2007 TOC /DBR based production planning and control in a

manufacturing system with multiple system bottlenecks
2008 Developing a manufacturing plant layout utilizing best-in-class
concepts of lean manufacturing and theory of constraints of
optimal macro-flow
2008 DC-WIP - a new release rule of multi-orders for semiconductor
manufacturing lines
2008 A method of bottleneck control in build-to-order supply chain

2008 Business application integration in the demand-driven

environment - A case study
2008 AGV dispatching strategy based on theory of constraints

2009 Hybrid Kanban/CONWIP control system simulation and

optimization based on theory of constraints
2009 Modeling and simulating of time buffer control for engine
remanufacturing system
2010 Production planning system in clothing enterprises based on
Drum-Buffer-Rope theory
2011 A drum-buffer-rope based scheduling method for semiconductor
manufacturing system
2011 Hybrid production sequence control Research based on TOC
&WLC

2012 Model of production planning and control with the integration of

WLC and TOC mechanism
1988 The Theory of Constraints: A New Approach to Production and
Inventory Management
2011 Screening cell designs based on synchronous manufacturing

2012 Simulation analysis of production control methods in

manufacturing systems
2012 Productivity improvements from spreadsheet LP used with the
Theory of Constraints
2006 Scheduling and control of TFT-LCD cell plants using drum-bufferrope systems
2010 Optimising flow in an M/M/1 system with shortage cost: A theory
of constraints approach
2005 Applying the theory of constraints with LP to Fonterra

2010 Scheduling semiconductor final testing a DBR based simulation

model
2003 Cooperative Negotiation Strategy in Multi-agent System

1997 Using the Theory of Constraints in teaching OR/MS within

managerially oriented programmes
2007 Improving Outsourcing Of Manufacturing Operations By
Integrating With Theory Of Constraints
2008 Rapid response with TOC methodology

2014 Schema Design on Detection of Business Constraints Based on

AOP
2006 A quantitative method to determine the size of the stock buffer
in front of the bottleneck under multi-product
2003 An autonomous and cooperative multi-agent model for solving
real world problems
2010 Revision to theory of constraints

2013 Literature on the comparison between the theory of constraints

and lean manufacturing: Review, classification, and analysis
2013 The proposition of a model of management in manufacturing
capacity
2015 TOC e ABM: Uma Anlise Comparativa Luz da Literatura
Especializada em Sistemas de Informaes Gerenciais
2015 Theory of Constraints as Design Science: The Case of Improving
Home Care.
2015 Advancing Lean Healthcare: understanding efficiency paradox
through a constraints management view.
2005 A decomposition and coordination scheduling method for flow
shop problem based on TOC
2007 Approaches To The Analysis And Identification Of Floating
Capacity Bottlenecks
1996 Implementing constraint based scheduling through linking
computer simulation and the theory of constraints
2011 Research on the ITOC Based Solutions for Ship-Piping Jobshop
Scheduling

2014 Robustness Evaluation of Job-Shop Scheduling Based on Theory

of Constraints (TOC)
2014 Research on DBR production scheduling system application
based on simulation
1996 Holistic TOC for maximum profitability

1996 Constraint management through the drum-buffer-rope system

1998 A80-a new perspective on predictable factory performance

1999 Advanced WIP control for make-to-order wafer fabrication

1998 Management of multiple-pass constraints

2013 Modelling and Simulation of Manufacturing Processes in

Managing and Planning of Machines Setup/Modelowanie i
symulacja procesw wytwarzania w zarz\kadzaniu i planowaniu
przezbroje
2009 Multiagent approach for supply chain integration by distributed
production planning, scheduling and control system
2011 Using simplified drum-buffer-rope for re-entrant flow shop
scheduling in a random environment
2015 The Brazilian Air Force Uniform Distribution Process: Using Lean
Thinking, Statistical Process Control and Theory of Constraints to
Address Improvement Opportunities
1992 The Theory of Constraints Approach to Focussed Improvement

1992 The Theory of Constraints: A New Weapon for Depot

Maintenance

1991 Constraint Management: The Key to Accelerated Improvement

1992 The theory of constraints approach to focused improvement

2012 A Hybrid Approach to Analyze Productivity by using Drum-BufferRope Concept and Fuzzy Expert System
2010 Applying the Theory of Constraints to Emergency Department
Workflow: Reducing Ambulance Diversion Through Basic
Business Practice
2011 The behaviour of unpaced production lines with unequal means
processing times, viriability, or buffer capacities
1996 Poker chip factory workshop

1997 Theory of constraints approach for integrating

operations/manufacturing strategy into strategic business
planning
1994 Time Buffer in the Theory of Constraints - Modeling Optimal Size

2011 A Viable Vision: Use the theory of constraints to reduce costs

throughout your supply chain
1998 Bottleneck Management and Production Sequencing at EMC
Technology
1995 Conflict Resolution: The Theory of Constraints Approach

1995 Quality Focus in the Factory: An Application of the Theory of

Constraints
1998 D-3 Simplify, Stabilize, Focus: The Three key Elements to
Successful Implementation of TOC -based DBR Systems

1995 MRPII vs DBR in the Poker Chip Factory

1998 A System is a System is a System

1998 Confessions of a Self-Taught TOC Practitioner, Part II: TOC For

Project Management
1998 Identifying and Elevating the Constraint Sales Skill

1998 Modelling the Constraints: The Key to Rapid Delivery of Benefits

1998 Organisational Issues and Strategies to Consider When

Implementing Computerised DBR
1998 Organisational Learning the TOC Way

1998 Performance Measures

1998 Theory and Practice of Material Constraints

1998 Do You Need Software for DBR

1997 TOC on Every Vendor Menu: De Facto Systems Co-Standards

1996 Applying TOC in a JIT Environment

1997 Delivering On A Promise

1997 TOC Management System for Manufacturers

1997 A TOC Approach to Organisational Empowerment

1997 Getting a Handle on Complex Manufacturing

1996 How can the Theory of Constraints and Activity Based

Management Co-exist to Support Process Engineering?: A Case
Study
1996 From The Goal to Its Not Luck - the Theory of Constraints
Approach to Delighting the Customers and the Shareholders
1998 How BHP Implemented Supply Chain Management Across Its
Asian Roll Forming Businesses
1990 Using OPT at Expozay International

1980 Optimized production timetable: a revolutionary program for

industry
1991 Constraint Management and Activity Based Costing: Does Cost
Allocation Make Sense?
1999 Experiences Using Theory of Constraints in a For-Profit Medical
Practice
1998 A Policy Constraint with Serious Consequences: Not Managing
New Product Development and Introduction as a Company-wide
Project
1998 Keeping the results coming: fighting inertia in TOC
implementation
1996 Johnson Controls' Experience with the Theory of Constraints

1995 Applying Theory of Constraints in a Service Environment:

Hannah's Donut Shop (A Case Study of Performance,
Measurement and Manufacturing Design)
1996 Achieving Breakthrough Performance - Its Not Luck

1996 As Excess Capacity Is Exposed, How Do You Increase

Productivity?
1996 Leadership and the Next Generation of Strategic Planning

1996 Lean Logistics

1996 Protective Capacity: An All-Too-Secret Competitive Weapon

1996 SFM / TOC Implementation Insights

1996 Synchronous Remanufacturing

1996 The Selection of Planning and Scheduling Software for V-A-T & I
Plants
1996 The Systems Industry is giving MRP (and ERP) Implementors a
Choice: Traditional or TOC Manufacturing Systems
1995 What Do You Expect?

1995 A Performance Measurement Tutorial: An Identification and

Examination of Problems with Traditional Measures
1995 Theory of Constraints and the United States Air Force Medical
Service

1998 A Candid Comparison of Operations Management Approaches

1996 TOC at Parr Instrument: A View from the Inside

1995 Application of the Theory of Constraints in the Semiconductor

Industry
1995 It's a Jungle Out There - So Listen to the Drum-Beat!

1998 Keep the Results Coming: Fighting Inertia in TOC Implementation

1998 Implementation of the Theory of Constraints: What you should

know before you start.
1996 Which Is The Critical Choice?

2006 Continuous Improvement Trio Combining the theory of

constraints, lean, and six sigma to form "TLS" is an innovative
process improvement methodology with real-world results
1998 What is Theory of Constraints All About?

1999 For Real Customer Satisfaction, Try a Little TOC

1997 The Research Agenda for a New Business Philosophy

1996 Dixie Re-engineers Scheduling and Increases Profit 300 Percent

1993 Theory of Constraints: A Model For Applying The Theory To

Purchasing

1992 Theory of Constraints: Strategic Linkages Between Purchasing

and Production Management
1997 Constraints Management From APICS & Endash: The Key To
Success
2008 Turbo TOC: Read how Delta Airlines used the theory of
constraints to grow its revenue by millions
1997 The TOC Management System For Manufacturers

2006 Production and Inventory - Back on the Runway - The U. S. Air

Force was looking to reduce maintenance, repair, and overhaul
on its C-5 transport aircraft. The critical chain theory of
constraints methodology fit the bill
2005 Production and Inventory - Corps Capabilities - Applying TOC in
the service sector: Learn how the Marine Corps is successfully
using the theory of constraints in its maintenance, repair, and
overhaul operations
2002 Make-to-stock under drum-buffer-rope and buffer management
methodology
2009 A Methodology to Release the Inventory Shortage Impact for
Prolonged Replenishment Frequency for TOC Supply Chain
Replenishment Systems
1995 Manufacturing: Key To Prosperity

1993 Tiger Brand Knits Solid Technology

1993 Understanding the Theory of Constraints

1992 Jonah Takes on the Apparel Chain

1992 New Partnership Shatters Paradigms

1992 QR: In 12 Days, 6 Lives Were Changed

1992 Warren Featherbone Co

1995 This Isn't Yesterday's UPS

1995 This Isn't Yesterday's UPS: Upgrades include the ability to

implement Theory of Constraints and access to real-time data at
workstations
2013 Identification of Bottlenecks in the Unit Make To Order Production

2014 Investigation of priority scheduling of split process flows of a

metallurgical enterprise
2013 Learning effects and the phenomenon of moving bottlenecks in a
two-stage production system
2012 Research on Scheduling of Jobs in Plane Manufacturing

2013 Capacity buffer design for critical equipment caused by

unexpected production mission
2008 Task-oriented hierarchical planning and scheduling for discrete
manufacturing enterprise
2014 Reverse Logistics Network Design of Waste Electrical Appliances

2013 Composite Dispatching Rule Design for Photolithography Area

Scheduling in Wafer Manufacturing System with Multiple
Objectives
2014 Study on Scheduling Method for Reentrant Autoclave Moulding
Operation of Composite Materials

2013 The Theory of Constraints: A Comparative Assessment

1994 Applying the Theory of Constraints to Army Logistics

2007 Simulation-Based Procedure for Bottleneck Identification

2010 Decision support system for inventory management by TOC

demand-pull approach
1998 Throughput Accounting: A Revolution in the Making?

2015 Bottleneck analysis and throughput improvement through

simulation-based multi objective optimization
2009 Pop your bottlenecks

1989 GMs Plant Saver

2014 Factors Affecting Management of Public Development Funds in

Local Authorities in Kenya
1993 Synchronous Manufacturing Can Help Repair Shops Too

1994 Primes Spur Lower-Tier Firms with Carrot-and-Stick

1994 Cultural Shift Key to Vendor Survival

1994 Synchronous in Step with Global Trends: Synchronous

Manufacturing

1993 Pratt Synchronises its Supply Chain: United Technologies Corps

Pratt and Whitney Unit
1995 Small Vendor a Model for Lower-Tier Suppliers

1991 Making Sense of Managements Alphabet Soup

1998 Lucas Variety: Production Application

2009 What's the difference between a hospital and a bottling factory?

2004 Using industrial processes to improve patient care

1994 Getting Your Company in Sync

2014 Qu Fue De La Teora De Las Restricciones? (*)/What Ever

Happened To Theory Of Constraints?
1990 Looking Beyond the First Stage: Just-In-Time

2006 The benefits of 'buffer management' in health care

2000 A simulation study of work-in-process inventory drive systems

and their effect on operational measurements
2005 Management Communication in Non-US MBA Programs Current
Trends and Practices
1994 Dunkirk Radiator Taking and Making Quantum Leaps

1998 Management the TOC Way: Managers Who Focus on Constraints

Can Do What Seems Impossible - Increase Quality While They
Are Cutting Costs
2014 An ECRS-based line balancing concept: a case study of a frozen
chicken producer
1997 A Controller Learns To Let His People Go

2009 A Guide To Six Sigma, Lean. And The Theory of Constraints

2002 Application of the theory of constraints in a ceramic plant

1995 Production and Operations Management: Manufacturing Services

1998 A Theory of Constraints Approach to Common-Sense Continuous

Improvement
2012 Bottleneck Prediction Method Based on Improved Adaptive
Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in
Semiconductor Manufacturing System
2005 Method for the Reengineering of Production System Based on
Constraint Theory
2011 Study on the Dynamic Scheduling Problem of 4S Auto Dealership
Maintenance Service System Based on Theory of Constraint
2010 Control mode in customized manufactory based on TOC and CPM

1996 Inventory Valuations: Making Accuracy Relevant

1990 GMs Innovation for Performance

1992 Synchronous Manufacturing: The Measure of Excellence

1992 Is GM on the Road to Recovery?

2010 Designing decision support in an evolving sociotechnical

enterprise
2011 TOC for Smart Production

2004 A roadmap approach of implementing theory of constraints in

manufacturing organisations
2004 Research and Design of Shop Floor Management System Based
on Theory of Constraints
2005 Integrated production planning management & control model

2006 Shop floor control in wafer fabrication based on drum-buffer-rope

theory
1991 Design of a Synchronous Manufacturing System with Just-In-Time
Production
1994 Application of optimized production technology in a capacity
constrained flow shop: A case study in a battery factory
2014 Expanding bottleneck management from manufacturing to
product design and engineering processes
2014 A two-level replenishment frequency model for TOC supply chain
replenishment systems under capacity constraint
2013 On the complexity of short-term production planning and the
near-optimality of a sequential assignment problem heuristic
approach

1997 TOC for world class global supply chain management

1994 A simulation analysis of the effectiveness of drum-buffer-rope

scheduling in furniture manufacturing
1990 Synchronized Manufacturing as in Opt - from Practice to Theory

2014 Fuzzy multi-objective recoverable remanufacturing planning

decisions involving multiple components and multiple machines
1992 Completely Synchronous Manufacturing for Automotive
Assembly - Some Lessons Learned
2009 A bottleneck-based heuristic for minimizing makespan in a
flexible flow line with unrelated parallel machines
1994 Focused Management in Military Organisations: An Avenue for
Future Industrial Engineering
1996 A Reliability Centred Maintenance Strategy for a Discrete Part
Manufacturing Facility
1995 Statistical Process Control Utilisation in the Austin-San Antonio
Corridor
1998 Computerised Manufacturing Monitoring and Dispatch System

2013 Dynamic Drum-Buffer-Rope approach for production planning

and control in capacitated flow-shop manufacturing systems
1998 The complete kit: Modeling the managerial approach

2007 Dispatching in flowshops with bottleneck machines

1999 Analyzing closed Kanban-controlled assembly systems by

iterative aggregation-disaggregation
2009 Queueing network analysis on dynamic lot streaming

1995 People Who Like People (BPR)

2008 ERP Support for Fast and Reliable Deliveries

2011 Constraint Management: As the flexible production possible

1992 Do we really need product costs? The theory of constraints

alternative
1992 Do We Really Need Product Cost; A Theory of Constraints
Alternative
2000 The theory of constraints: Strategic implications for product
pricing decisions
2015 A reconceptualisation of social value creation as social constraint
alleviation
2015 Use of Process Improvement Tools in Radiology

1989 Where Best to System Invest

2009 Research Issues: Theory of Constraints

2008 Trikes, Cars, and the Theory of Constraints (TOC)

2009 Improving supply chain performance management: A systematic

approach to analyzing iterative KPI accomplishment
2004 Applying Theory of Constraints Principles and Lean Thinking at
the Marine Corps Maintenance Center
2014 Applying theory of constraints as a continuous improvement tool
in a lean environment
2013 What is perceived as complex in final assembly?

1995 Break Out of the Box

1995 Theory of Constraints Spots Weak Management

1995 Managing Design: Theory of Constraints spots weak

management
2011 Theoretical discussion of the concept of wastes in the Toyota
Production System: Introducing the throughput logic of the
Theory of Constraints
1992 Using Constraint Management to Reduce Congestion in a
Fracture Clinic: Preliminary Analysis
2014 Applying TOC Heuristics to Job Scheduling in a Hybrid Flexible
Flow Shop
2005 Applying the theory of constraints with LP to Fonterra

2009 Implementation of the theory of constraints in the area of stock

1996 Effects of dispatching and down time on the performance of

wafer fabs operating under theory of constraints

2000 Drum-Buffer-Rope Synchronization

2012 Cash Flow and Performance Measures

1988 Bottleneck generalized assignment problems

2007 Synergies of three letters syndrome for revitalizing

manufacturing
2014 The TOC-Based Algorithm for Solving Multiple Constraint
Resources: A Re-examination
2015 Challenges and reflections on information, knowledge, and
wisdom societies and sociotechnical systems
2005 Batch Scheduling in Flexible Flow Shop

2009 Application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to Batch

Scheduling in Process Industry
1990 An Integrated Push - Pull Manufacturing Strategy

2010 Concerning the theory of workload control

2006 A survey on problems and methods in generalized assembly line

balancing
2006 Utilizing buffer management to improve performance in a
healthcare environment
2006 Simple heuristics for push and pull remanufacturing policies

1993 Optimising theory of constraints when multiple constrained

resources exist
2010 The hybrid flow shop scheduling problem

2015 Dependence among single stations in series and its applications

in productivity improvement
1997 Quantitative models for reverse logistics: A review

2007 A genetic algorithms simulation approach for the multi-attribute

combinatorial dispatching decision problem
2005 Reducing simulation models for scheduling manufacturing
facilities
2013 Using Theory of Constraints in selecting product mix

2010 Research on enhancement of TOC Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope

system using novel generic procedures
2010 Expert Systems with Applications A study of an enhanced
simulation model for TOC supply chain replenishment system
under capacity constraint
2010 Simulation and scheduling implementation study of TFT-LCD Cell
plants using DrumBufferRope system
1998 Using the TOC in teaching LP and Vice Versa: Advantages and
Caveats
2014 Development of performance measurement frame work in
manufacturing industries by the application of theory of
constraints
2014 Applying the" Theory of Constraints" to Solve Your Practice's
Most Vexing Problem

2000 Just where is the bottleneck?

1997 Improving production line productivity: A drum/buffer/rope

application
2014 Applying the" Theory of Constraints" to Services

2008 Operation and control of flow manufacturing based on

constraints management for high-mix/low-volume production
1992 Inventory Doesnt Pay

1996 The Principles of Success--Material Flow

1991 Custom Kitchens in 10 Days

1991 Put Your Efforts Where Your Problems Are : You Can Let Go Of
Costs Stanley Finds
1991 This Quiet Revolution Shatters the Cost World : TOCs Cash-Flow
Approach Slices Inventory, Boosts Bottom Line
1992 Living Systems and the Theory of Constraints

2014 Produo enxuta e teoria das restries: Proposta de um mtodo

para implantao conjunta na Indstria de Bens de Capital sob
Encomenda
2014 Flow balancing or capacity balancing? Systemic analysis and
propositions
2007 Systems for coordinating orders: Review, classification,
operationality and applicability

2010 Proposta de avano para o mtodo Tambor-Pulmo-Corda

Simplificado aplicado em ambientes de produo sob
encomenda Proposal of enhancement for the Simplified DrumBuffer-Ropemethod applied to make-to-order production
2014 environments
Making to availability: An application of the theory of constraints
in make-to-stock environments
2014 Lean production and theory of constraints: Proposal of a method
for joint implementation in the Engineer-to-Order Capital Goods
Industry
2009 Standing on the shoulders of giants: production concepts versus
production applications. The Hitachi Tool Engineering example
2002 Methods and tools for dynamic capacity planning and control

2005 TOC thought processes as a systemic alternative for

organizational analysis: an application in public health
2015 Identification of e-commerce driving forces in MENA countries
and their relevance in policy formulations
2000 Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope A Whole System Approach to High
Velocity Manufacturing
2006 Research on Production Planning and Controlling Model for
Cellular Manufacturing
2014 1 The roots of organizational ingenuity: how do qualitatively
superior ideas come about?
2010 The theory of constraints and safety in healthcare: an overview

1999 Hitting the Bottleneck

2003 Twenty-First Century Hospitals: Intensification Increases

2004 Analysing systemic failure with the Theory of Constraints

2001 A case study of scheduling practice at a machine tool

manufacturer
1995 Management by Constraints: Coupling IS to Support Changes in
Business Bottlenecks.
2010 Focused management in a court system: Doing more with the
existing resources
2001 The complete kit conceptimplementation in the health care
system
2001 The complete kit concept - Implementation in the health care
system
2005 From Management by Constraints (MBC) to Management by
Criticalities (MBC II)
2005 Implementing a pull system in batch/mix process industry
through Theory of Constraints: A case-study
2009 Aligning business process management, service-oriented
architecture, and Lean Six Sigma for real business results
2012 Research on The Dynamic Scheduling Problem of Bottleneck In
Emergency Based On Improved GA
2010 Effect of confidence interval on bottleneck identification via
simulation
2013 A Modeling Approach to Analyze Variability of Remanufacturing
Process Routing
2013 Layered drum-buffer-rope-based scheduling of reentrant
manufacturing systems

1998 Maintenance scheduling and staffing policies in a wafer

fabrication facility
2007 Buffer size setting method for DBR scheduling

2012 Theoretical Considerations for Maintaining the Performance of

Composite Web Services
2013 Development of Drum-Buffer-Rope algorithm to control Capacity
Constrained Machine in a Bioproduction system
2013 Combining Drum-Buffer-Rope algorithm and kansei engineering
to control Capacity Constrained Worker in a Bioproduction
system
2010 A framework for enhancing responsiveness in sales order
processing system using web services and ubiquitous computing
technologies
2014 Analysis of Constraint Location in a Lean Facility

2004 Improving Patient Flow Using Theory of Constraints

(Presentation)
1998 Scheduling Software Fits the Mould for Manufacturers

1997 Flow Manufacturing Improves Efficiency and Customer

Responsiveness
1997 Supply Chain Management in Complex Manufacturing

2000 Improving production line performance

2002 Line balancing VS Theory of Constraints

1996 Allocation of buffers to serial production lines with bottlenecks

2013 A Study of Theory of Constraints Supply Chain Replenishment

System
1988 The Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) Approach to Logistics

1994 The Application of Constraint Management to Manufacturing and

Services in New Zealand
2014 Strategies for Increasing Productivity in Production Systems

2014 Theory of Constraints And Six Sigma: Investigating Differences

and Similarities for Continuous Improvement
2006 Modified DBR Scheduling Mechanism for a Non-identical Parallel
Machine Flow Shop
2011 The bottleneck conundrum

2005 TOC in the DC

1993 Getting from Minority-Owned to World Class: Synchronous

Manufacturing at HS Automotive Metal-forming Company
1993 In Sync With Synchronous Manufacturing At Form Rite Corp

1992 Manufacturing Management Information Systems Require

Simplification
1989 Throughput Planning Instead Of Capacity Planning Is Next
Logical Step After MRP2

2011 Shifting economic bottleneck identification

2009 Theory of assembly buffer for line balancing problem

2009 Research on the Production Scheduling Method for Paper-making

Enterprises Based on Theory of Constraints
2005 DBR-System-Based Coordination Mechanisms of Agile Supply
Chain
2004 A Method for Determining Product Mix Based on Bottleneck

2000 Bottleneck Analysis (BNA) of Enterprises and Its Application

2010 Minimizing Makespan for a Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling

Problem in a Paint Company
2006 Business Process Reengineering Based on Theory of Constraints
and Petri Net
2008 A Look-ahead Heuristic Algorithm for Dynamic Identify
Bottleneck Machine
2005 Reengineering of production Systems and Its Evaluation Based
on Constraints
1998 Drum-buffer-rope for manufacturing with re-entrant flows

1990 Push, Pull, and Squeeze Shop Floor Control With Computer
Simulation
1998 Painting a Better Process

1997 Transfer Pricing Effects on Locally Measured Organisations

1996 A Theory of Constraints Fable: Part 2

1994 Focused Management: A Business-Oriented Approach To Total

Quality Management
1991 The Hourly Rate: Myth and Reality

1996 A Theory of Constrains Fable: Part 2

1999 Drum Buffer Rope for Lower Inventory

1999 TOC beyond manufacturing

2013 Managing strategy and production through hybrid simulation

2005 Build and Manage a Lean Supply Chain

1996 A Theory of Constraints Fable: Part 1

1996 Re-engineering Using the Theory of Constraints: A Case Analysis

of Moore Business Forms
1991 Late Night Discussions: V

1991 Late Night Discussions, No. IV, Manufacturing Automation

1991 Late Night Discussions, No. VII, Engineering & Competition

1992 Late-Night Discussions VII: Engineering and Competition

1991 Late-Night Discussions I: Is Your Inventory Putting You A

Continent Away?
1991 Late-Night Discussions II: Single-Source Purchasing's Long-Term
Effects can be Devastating
1998 The Theory of Constraints Revisited: Improving Production
Operations
1992 Late-Night Discussions IX: Dealing with a Market Downturn

1992 Late-Night Discussions VIII: Paradigm Shift

1992 Late-Night Discussions X: Different Markets, Different Prices

1992 Late-Night Discussions XI: Tearing Down the Walls of Distrust

1992 Late-Night Discussions XII: Cost Accounting

1991 Late-Night Discussions III:Transfer Pricing

1991 Late-Night Discussions IV: Manufacturing Automation

1991 Late-Night Discussions V: Searching for Japans Core Statement

Manufacturing Success of Japanese Business

1991 Late-Night Discussions VI: Quality Management

The Self-Education of Bruce Hamilton

1992 Late Night Discussions, No. XII, Cost Accounting

1992 Late Night Discussions, No. XI

2013 Simultaneous batch splitting and scheduling on identical parallel

production lines
2004 Theory of Constraint & Its Revelation to the Management of
University Libraries
2010 Increasing the efficiency of business processes using a theory of
constraints
2011 A modification of simplified drum-buffer-rope for re-entrant flow
shop scheduling
2009 Overcoming the challenge of cooperating with competitors:
Critical success factors of interorganizational systems
implementation
2008 The poker chip game: a multi-product, multi-customer, multiechelon, stochastic supply chain network useful for teaching the
impacts of pull versus push inventory policies on link and chain
performance
2014 Programacin ptima de la produccin en una pequea empresa
de calzado en Colombia / Optimal production scheduling in a
small shoe business in Colombia
2007 Pricing Strategy of Supply Chain System Based on Complexity
Analysis and Theory of Constraints
1990 Controlling Input: The Real Key to Shorter Lead Times

2003 Utilization of bottleneck resources for profitability through a

synchronized operation of marketing and manufacturing
1999 A simulation study of WIP inventory drive systems and their
effect on financial measurements
2009 System modelling for integrated capacity planning in supply
chain
2014 Design and development of optimization software of magnetic
multi-process coordination production planning based on benefit
1998 Workflow bottlenecks and problem areas influencing production
management needs in commercial printing
2013 Performance analysis for a repair system with double
interchangeable components under precedence constraints
2010 Bottleneck-based synchronisation of engineering and
manufacturing
1998 Accountability in education systems K-12 through applications of
the theory of constraints
2015 Research of Production Scheduling Based on Theory of
Constraints
2008 Decision Supporting Methodology and System Based on Theory
of Constraints for Making an Optimal Product Portfolio Strategy in
Shipbuilding Industry
2014 Improving the Efficiency of TOC Demand-Pull and Buffer
Management by Incorporating Demand Information Using EWMA
in Semiconductor Manufacturing
2015 Adoption of operations improvement methods in the Greek
engineering sector
2009 Reduction of Product Driven System emulation models based on
neural network: impact of discrete data

2012 Applying theory of constraints in administrative process: An

experiment from the U.S. government
2002 Factory Level Metrics: Basis for Productivity Improvement

2013 Research on factors and management optimization of the

emergency production response capacity of equipment
manufacturing systems
2007 Identifying and eliminating constraints in reverse logistics
system of end-of-life home appliance
1998 Using Drum-Buffer-Rope With Multiple, Time-Varying Constraints

2013 A Study of Using Experiment to Test and Verify U-curve

Management Thinking
2012 A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach Using Genetic
Algorithms for Quick Response to Effects of Variability in Flow
Manufacturing
2013 Advanced planning and scheduling for TFT-LCD color filter fab
with multiple lines
2009 A developed production control and scheduling model in the
semiconductor manufacturing systems with hybrid make-tostock/make-to-order products
2007 Application of TOC embedded ILP for increasing throughput of
production lines
2012 Buffer size determination for drumbufferrope controlled supply
chain networks
2013 Identifying buffer size in front of capacity-constrained resource
with parallel processes
2013 Management Control Strategy and Goal Achievement of
Electronic Product Export Businesses in Thailand: Mediating
Influences of Business Excellence

2010 Research on Inventory Control Policies for Nonstationary Demand

based on TOC
2011 Modelling dynamic bottlenecks in production networks

2010 Modelling Dynamic Bottlenecks in Production Networks

2010 A multi-objective comparison of dispatching rules in a drum

bufferrope production control system
2007 Combining Lean Initiatives with Theory of Constraints in
Distributed Product Design Chain Management
2014 A Review of Various Tools and Techniques for Lead Time
Reduction
2011 Systematic visualisation of assembly performance using
throughput curves
2014 The Application of Theory of Constraints in Manufacturing
Outsourcing: A Case Study
2015 The Application of Theory of Constraints in Industry: A Case
Study
2000 Bottleneck Allocation Methodology: An Integrated Manufacturing
Management ModelA Systems Study
2008 Managing the effects of variability in drum-buffer-rope systems

2013 Analysis of a new signal for bottleneck identification and loss

allocation to individual machines
2011 Aggreate production planning with fuzzy and variable system
capacity based on theory of constraints measures

2011 Aggregate production planning with fuzzy demand and variable

system capacity based on theory of constraintsmeasures
2000 Due-date oriented scheduling heuristic for job shop cellular
manufacturing system
2015 A Markov chain analysis of the effectiveness of drum-buffer-rope
material flow management in job shop environment
2011 Aggregate Production Planning With Fuzzy Demand and Variable
System Capacity Based on TOC Measures
1998 Constructing procedures of an effective production activity
control technique for a wafer fabrication environment
2014 Maximizing Profitability through Productivity Improvement using
Theory of Constraints and Simulation: A Case Study
2009 Theory of constraints for recycling automobile tyres in the
reverse logistics system
2004 Managing time and complexity in supply chains: two cases from
the textile industry
2004 Managing time and complexity in supply chains: two cases from
the textile industry
2011 ERP and TOC collaboration: the whole is greater than the sum of
the parts
2014 Capacity augmentation with VSM methodology for lean
manufacturing
1993 Warehouse Management Using VAT Logical Structure Analysis

1991 Implementing Drum-Buffer-Rope to Control Manufacturing Lead

Time

1993 Constraint Management: A Description and Assessment

1998 An Application of the Theory of Constraints in a Small Machine

Shop
1994 Estimating the Size of the Time Buffer in the Theory of
Constraints: Implications for Management
2005 Using the Theory of Constraints to Improve the Identification and
Solution of Managerial Problems
2013 An overview of TOCscope and limitation

2004 Transfer batch sizes and the financial performance of

manufacturing - Theory of constraints perspective
2003 Optimum production schedule and profit maximisation using the
concept: Theory of constraints
2009 Real-time buffer management method for DBR scheduling

2004 Constraints management

2009 Improving the efficiency of unpaced production lines by

unbalancing service time means
1998 Teaching the meaning of manufacturing synchronisation using
simple simulation models
1996 A practical heuristic for effective buffer management

1989 OPTimising Production's Potential

1996 A comparative study of line design approaches for serial

production systems
2015 Theoretical perspectives in operations management: an analysis
of the literature
2015 Towards supply chain coordination and productivity in a three
echelon supply chain: action research study
2009 Analysis of the relationships among TOC use, TOC outcomes,
and organizational performance
2012 Extending the production dice game

1993 Drum-Buffer-Rope and Buffer Management: Impact on Production

Management Study and Practices
1990 Buffer stock Allocation in Serial and Assembly Type of Production
Lines
2003 The performance of the theory of constraints methodology Analysis and discussion of successful TOC applications
1998 Theory of constraints: A review of the philosophy and its
applications
2006 Constraint analysis of mortgage loan pipelines: The case of
American Unlimited Mortgage
2012 A production model for galvanizing transmission towers

2008 Scheduling a hybrid MTO/MTS semiconductor fab with machinededication features

1994 Competitive Factors and Performance Measurement: Applying
the Theory of Constraints to Meet Customer Needs

2010 Optimal multi-stage logistic and inventory policies with

production bottleneck in a serial supply chain
2015 A study of scheduling under the theory of constraints.(Report)

2005 Scheduling a single batch processing machine with arbitrary job

sizes and incompatible job families
1997 Scheduling with priority dispatching rules and drum-buffer-rope
in a recoverable manufacturing system
2005 The impact of free goods on the performance of drum-bufferrope scheduling systems
1995 The impact of a constraint buffer in a flow shop

1998 A quantitative approach to estimate the size of the time buffer in

the theory of constraints
1999 Inventory and capacity trade-offs in a manufacturing cell

2009 Espoused drum-buffer-rope flow control in serial lines: A

comparative study of simulation models
2000 A study on the effect of the extent and location of protective
capacity in flow systems
2004 Capacity-constrained scheduling for a logic IC final test facility

2004 TOC -based planning and scheduling model

2009 An optimised dynamic bottleneck dispatching policy for

semiconductor wafer fabrication

1997 Comparing JIT, MRP and TOC, and Embedding TOC into MRP

1994 Process Flow Industry - Scheduling Control Using the Theory of

Constraints
1992 TOC and Linear Programming: A Comparision

1991 Constraint Based Control of Flexible Flow Lines

1991 Using V-A-T Analysis for Determining the Priority and Location of
JIT Manufacturing Techniques
1997 A Framework for the Systemic Control of Organisations

2009 Theory of constraints at UniCo: analysing The Goal as a fictional

case study
2010 Available-to-promise (ATP) systems: a classification and
framework for analysis
1988 Computerized Shop Floor Scheduling

2009 CWIPL II, a mechanism for improving throughput and lead time in
unbalanced flow line
2008 Service-level performance of MRP, Kanban, CONWIP and DBR
due to parameter stability and environmental robustness
2000 Performance of decomposition procedures for job shop
scheduling problems with bottleneck machines
1999 Reduced simulation models of wafer fabrication facilities

2005 Comparisons between drum-buffer-rope and material

requirements planning: A case study
1998 Dynamic buffering

2007 End-of-life returns of long-lived products from end customer insights from an ideally set up closed-loop supply chain
2006 A DBR scheduling method for manufacturing environments with
bottleneck re-entrant flows
2003 Survey-based comparison of performance and change in
performance of firms using traditional manufacturing, JIT and
TOC
2015 Experiential exercises with four production planning and control
systems
2014 Experiential exercises with four production planning and control
systems
2007 A novel breakthrough system for mixed production goaling and
control in semiconductor manufacturing
2003 Constraints management--recent advances and practices

2013 Theory of constraints: is it a theory and a good one?

2003 Selection of management accounting systems in Just-In-Time and

Theory of Constraints-based manufacturing
1998 Constraint time buffer determination model

2015 A primary influence vertex approach to identify driving factors in

complex integrated agri-industrial systems an example from
sugarcane supply and processing systems

2010 Downtime variability: The impact of duration-frequency on the

performance of serial production systems
1995 The impact of learning rate and constraints on production line
performance
2003 Enhancement of theory of constraints replenishment using a
novel generic buffer management procedure
2003 Sensitivity of 'Push' and 'Pull' strategies to information updating
rate
2014 Takt Time Grouping: implementing kanban-flow manufacturing in
an unbalanced, high variation cycle-time process with moving
constraints
2014 Takt Time Grouping: implementing Kanban-flow manufacturing in
an unbalanced, high variation cycle-time process with moving
constraints
2014 A bi-level constraint-oriented outsourcing framework for
orchestration of an ERP system
2014 A bi-level constraint-oriented outsourcing framework for
orchestration of an ERP system
2001 Peak management

2013 When less is better: Insights from the product mix dilemma from
the Theory of Constraints perspective
2007 A model of the operations concerned in remanufacture

1996 Scheduling using drum-buffer-rope in a remanufacturing

environment
2014 Achilles heel strategy: identifying and leveraging a competitors
weakest point

2009 Comparing TOC with MRP and JIT: A literature review

2009 Method of buffering critical resources in make-to-order shop floor

control in manufacturing complex products
1994 Optimum production technology (OPT) and the Theory of
Constraints (TOC): analysis and genealogy
2004 Theory of constraints-based methodology for effective ERP
implementations
2008 A capacity available-to-promise model for drum-buffer-rope
systems
2006 The study of an Easy-to-Use DBR and BM system

2006 New expression of scheduling performance measures

2004 On the shape of protective capacity in a simple line

2006 Modified drum-buffer-rope scheduling mechanism for a nonidentical parallel machine flow shop with processing-time
variation
1997 Order review/release and lot splitting in drum-buffer-rope

1999 Simultaneous versus sequential scheduling of multiple resources

which constrain system throughput
2008 A comparison of JIT and TOC buffering philosophies on system
performance with unplanned machine downtime
2005 Cyclic lot scheduling with sequence-dependent set-ups: a
heuristic for disassembly processes

2012 A heuristic procedure for solving the Lexicographic Bottleneck

Assembly Line Balancing Problem (LB-ALBP)
2006 Benchmark generation algorithm for stochastic mixed model
assembly shop simulation and optimization
2005 A review of production planning and control: the applicability of
key concepts to the make-to-order industry

2010 A dynamic WIP control strategy for bottlenecks in a wafer

fabrication system
2008 Determination of buffer sizes for drum-buffer-rope (DBR)controlled production systems
2008 Determination of buffer sizes for drumbufferrope (DBR)controlled production systems
2004 Queuing network analysis approach for estimating the sizes of
the time buffers in Theory of Constraints-controlled production
systems
2004 Comparison of DBR with CONWIP in an unbalanced production
line with three stations
1995 Information Technology in Operations Management - a Theory-ofConstraints Approach
2001 Tabu search-based algorithm for the TOC product mix decision

1994 Economic theory, cost accounting and theory of constraints: an

examination of relationships and problems
2001 Theory of constraints-a status report

2002 TOC -based performance measures and five focusing steps in a

job-shop manufacturing environment
2004 Impact of scheduling free goods on the throughput performance
of a manufacturing operation
1998 Performance measurement in a theory of constraints
environment
2013 A systematic literature review of remanufacturing scheduling

2009 Capacity-filtering algorithms for finite-capacity planning of a

flexible flow line
2008 Characteristics of the research on reverse logistics (1995-2005)

1992 The Complete Kit Concept

2014 Introducing in-between decision points to TOCs five focusing

steps
2011 Scheduling algorithms to minimise the total family flow time for
job shops with job families
2003 Improving a practical DBR buffering approach using Workload
Control
1990 CONWIP: a pull alternative to Kanban

2008 Bottleneck-based heuristics to minimize tardy jobs in a flexible

flow line with unrelated parallel machines
2008 Study on constraint scheduling algorithm for job shop problems
with multiple constraint machines

2003 Management by the market constraint in the Hi-Tech industry

2001 Management by Market Constraint in the Hi-tech Industry

2001 Activity-based throughput management in a manufacturing

company
2003 Comparison of DRP and TOC financial performance within a
multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution environment
1996 Formulation and solution of the drum-buffer-rope constraint
scheduling problem (DBRCSP)
2005 Emerging trends in supply chain architecture

2006 Implementing theory of constraints in a traditional Japanese

manufacturing environment: The case of Hitachi Tool
Engineering
1996 The impact of restricting the flow of inventory in serial
production systems
2010 Bi-level multi-objective mathematical model for job-shop
scheduling: The application of theory of constraints
2014 An enhanced model for SDBR in a random reentrant flow shop
environment
2013 An enhanced model for SDBR in a random reentrant flow shop
environment
2012 Detecting bottlenecks in serial production lines - a focus on
interdeparture time variance
2007 Comparing Kanban control with the theory of constraints using
Markov chains

2014 Assessing the impact of alternative continuous improvement

programmes in a flow shop using system dynamics
2000 Lead time prediction in unbalanced production systems

2010 An exploratory study of protective inventory in a re-entrant line

with protective capacity
2009 An exploratory study of protective inventory in a reentrant; line
with protective capacity
2012 Revisiting local TOC measures in an internal supply chain: A note

2014 Workload control in unbalanced job shops

2013 Achilles heel strategy: identifying and leveraging a competitors

weakest point
1995 Using the theory of constraints to guide the implementation of
quality improvement projects in manufacturing operations
1992 Theory of Constraints and Linear Programming: A Comparison

2015 A comparative study of Lean implementation in higher and

further education institutions in the UK
2014 Implementing an integrated ABC and TOC approach to enhance
decision making in a Lean context: a case study.(activity based
costing)(theory of constraints)(Case study)
1993 Measures of Product Attractiveness and the Theory of
Constraints
2007 A TOC -based heuristic algorithm for solving a two-row pattern
container loading problem

1998 Implementing quality improvement programs using the focusing

steps of the theory of constraints
2003 A hybrid dispatching rules in wafer fabrication factories

2015 Research on Detection of Business Constraints based on AOP

1993 Allocation of Investment Cost to Operational Expense: A TOC

Approach
2007 The hybrid MRP/TOC system in make to order company-case
study
2011 The theory of constraints: A management philosophy

2015 Applying the theory of constraints to the logistics service of

medical records of a hospital
2014 Organization planning using theory of constraints

2002 A recipe for success

2014 A Mixed Integer Linear Goal Programming Model for Optimizing

Multiple Constrained Resources Product-Mix Problem Under the
Theory of Constraints
2014 Scheduling of bottleneck workstation in wafer fabrication
systems based on improved multi-objective particle swarm
optimization algorithm
2008 Simulation modeling with Drum-Buffer-Rope for remanufacturing
system
2009 Time buffer control mechanism based on drum-buffer-rope for
remanufacturing system

2009 Inventory-buffer and time-buffer control mechanism for

remanufacturing system
2007 Theory of constraints product mix optimization considering
outsourcing form constrained
2003 Analysis and Solution on Problem of Supply Chain Bottleneck

2012 Hybrid flow shop scheduling method based on drum-buffer-rope

and genetic algorithm
2009 Improved production management system in multi-specification
and small-batch production environments
2010 Influence of bottleneck utilization on job shop scheduling under
random disturbance
2010 Multi-reentrant manufacturing system scheduling based on
layered bottleneck analysis
2006 Management and control of manufacturing cells based on theory
of constraints
2006 Integrated production planning and control system based on
drum-buffer-rope theory
2010 Re-entrant manufacturing system scheduling based on DrumBuffer-Rope
2013 What do radiologists do all day? Quantifying workload and
planning production in a medical imaging department
2008 Optimizing the product mix: An eclectic decision

2007 Perceptions of management philosophies

2009 Theory of Constraints: An Application in U. S. Army's Recruiting

Process
1986 Cost Accounting: Asset or Liability?

2014 A green approach to the weight reduction of aircraft cabins

2010 New directions in emergency service operations and planning

1998 An Empirical Test of the View of Inventory as a Liability in

Explaining Financial Distress
2011 An Empirical Test Of The View Of Inventory As A Liability In
Explaining Financial Distress: A Comment
2014 Introducing the Theory of Constraints-Based Methodology to
Identify the Hospital Supply Chain Shortcomings
2010 A TOC approach to setup reduction to improve agility

1994 Black & Deckering Black & Decker: Overhauling a US Power Tool
Makers Manufacturing Capabilities
1992 Synchronous Manufactuirng: New Methods, New Mind-Set

2006 Study on the failure distribution and reliability variation of the

equipment in use
2013 Eco-friendly manufacturing strategies for simultaneous
consideration between productivity and environmental
performances: a case study on a printed circuit board
manufacturing
2012 Bottleneck Management in Discrete Batch Production

1995 ABM for Continuous Improvement, The Theory of Constraints,

and Open Book Management
1998 How to Apply the Theory of Constraints' Five Step Process of
Continuous Improvement
1998 Integrating ABC and the Theory of Constraints to Evaluate
Outsourcing Decisions
1996 An Introduction to the Theory of Constraints

1995 Integrating the Theory of Constraints and Activity Based Costing

1997 Synchronous Manufacturing: Putting the Goal to Work

2006 The Absorption Costing/Inventory Management Conundrum: A

Theory of Constraints Approach
1999 Integrating Long-Run Strategic Decisions into the Theory of
Constraints
1999 Improving system performance: A case study in the application
of the theory of constraints - Practitioner application
2011 An Empirical Study of Product Mix Based on Theory of
Constraints
2009 A new heuristic approach to solve product mix problems in a
multi-bottleneck system
1993 Improving workflow in the insurance industry: A focused
management approach
2012 Integrating lean and other strategies for mass customization
manufacturing: A case study

2002 A management game model: economic traffic, leadtime and

pricing setting
2011 Results-based production ordering systems -A review and
research issues
2005 Introduction of equalized lot size concept in TOC scheduling

2007 A proposal for the scheduling of cell manufacturing through TOC

2006 Applying DBR and MAS to Solving Container Loading Problem

2009 Time buffer control mechanism based on drum-buffer-rope for

remanufacturing system
2014 Analyzing the time buffer in the Theory of Constraints based
lean operations
2006 Managerial accounting and continuous improvement initiatives:
A retrospective and framework
1997 Scheduling Printed Circuit Board Production Systems Using the
Two-Level Scheduling Approach
2005 A Process of Ongoing Improvement

2003 Transforming the marketing curriculum using problem-based

learning: A case study
1998 Computer information systems in complex manufacturing

2003 Using Theory of Constraints To Improve Electronics Assembly

Process Throughput

2007 The evolution of a management philosophy: The theory of

constraints
2007 Bipolarity in reactions to operational constraints: OM bugs
under an OB lens

2006 An approach to manage constraint resource and outsourcing

decision
2010 Erratum to: Development of a Theory of Constraints Based
Scheduling System for Ship Piping Production
2009 Research and Realization of "Bottleneck" Identification in
Workshop Production Scheduling Based on OPT
2015 Using patient flow simulation to improve access at a
multidisciplinary sleep centre
2013 Improving market orientation: The theory of constraints-based
framework
2015 Application of TOC-based framework to improve market
orientation in a non-profit organization
2010 Production as a Service: An Analysis of Theory of Constraints
(TOC) Methods
2005 The Theory of Constraints and the MakeorBuy Decision: An
Update and Review
2008 The bottleneck identification based on SAP and theory of
constraints
1998 A Theory of Constraints Analysis of an Arborescent Inventory
System

1995 Expediting as a Two-Edged Sword

2014 Probe of the Replenishment Strategy and Grouping Rule in the

Semiconductor Industry
2001 A bottleneck-based group scheduling procedure for job-shop
cells
Expediting as a Two Edged Sword

1998 A Quantitative Theory of TOC Sufficiency Trees

2013 Study on the Productivity Improvement of Diagnostic Medical

Blood Analyzers using Theory of Constraints and Simulation
2001 Performance evaluation of a distributed application

1998 Synergies from spreadsheet LP used with the Theory of

Constraints - a case study
2004 Inventory strategies for systems with fast remanufacturing

1998 Synergies from Spreadsheet LP used with the Theory of

Constraints: A Case Study
2008 Enhancement of Scheduling Reliability in Building Project Using
Theory of Constraint
2009 Decision Supporting Methodology and System Based on Theory
of Constraints for Optimal Product Portfolio Strategy in
Shipbuilding Industry
1998 An Algorithm for Developing Master Production Schedule of
Synchronous Manufacturing under Single Bottleneck

Aplikasi Linear Programming (LP) Dalam Konsep the Theory Of

Constraints (TOC)
2002 A Taxonomy of Supply Chain Collaboration

2015 Combined Usage of Theory of Constraints, Lean and Six Sigma in

Quality Assurance of Manufacturing Processes
2011 Dynamic scheduling of flexible flow shop problem based on DRB
theory
2001 The literature survey and analysis of the bottleneck shifting
problems
2011 Production planning under variable buffer size

2014 Lean manufacturing implementation using value stream

mapping as a tool
2013 Decision support simulation system based on synchronous
manufacturing
2009 Enterprises Quick-respond Ability Research Based on Theory of
Constraint
2005 The Study on Bottle Recognition in Production Logistics

2005 Analysis of light armored vehicle depot level maintenance

2006 Application of Theory of Constraints to Reverse Logistics

2009 The Identification Study for Bottlenecks and Buffer Settings in

SCM

1992 Improving Logistics Flow Using the Theory of Constraints

1995 Logistics Engineering And Constraint Management: A Common

Sense Approach To Environment Performance Improvement
2009 Consideration about Theory of Constraints (TOC)

2011 Shop Scheduling Method Based on Theory of Constraints and

Batch Changing
2011 Modeling of In-process Inventory in Continuous Production Based
on Reliability
2009 Manufacturing Resource Planning of Bearing Manufacture
Enterprise Based on the Theory of Constraint
2011 Optimization and detection of bottleneck in production based on
TOC and OTE
1999 Using Activity Based Costing and Theory of Constraints to Guide
Continuous Improvement in Managed Care
1990 Measuring Performance with Synchronous Management

1988 How the Constraint Theory Improved a Job-Shop Operation

1995 Watching the theory of constraints in action

1996 In Defence of Management Accounting Applications

1995 Radical Ideas or Just a Case of the Emperors New Clothes?

1996 Accounting for Throughput: Part I - The Theory

1996 Accounting For Throughput: Part II - Practice

1995 Optimising Production Resources

1991 Springing to World-Class Manufacturing

1998 ABC v TOC: Same Cloth as Absorption v Marginal, Different Style

and Cut
1998 Aligning TOC and ABC for Silkscreen Printing

1998 Improve Internal Reporting with ABC and TOC

1998 Innovation and the Great ABM Trade-Off

1997 Synchronous Manufacturing: Back to Basics

1996 From Activity-Based Costing to Throughput Accounting

1996 Measuring Operational Performance in a Throughput World

1995 Blending Quality Theories For Continuous Improvement

1994 A Rebuttal To The Five Myths

1993 Critical Thinking and The Goal

1993 Decision-Focused Costing at Kenco

1989 Pricing Strategy in the Automotive Glass Industry

2001 Using Drum-Buffer-Rope Scheduling Rather Than Just-In-Time

Production
2001 Drum-Buffer-Rope Just-In-Time

1997 Revitalizing TQM efforts: a self-reflective diagnosis based on the

theory of constraints
2015 Theory of constraintsapplication in land transportation systems

2011 The Flow Manufacturing Improvement Based on Creative

Techniques
2010 Theory of constraints contributions to outbound logistics

1993 A Single Bottleneck System with Binomial Yields and Rigid

Demand
1996 My saga to improve production

1996 Session 2: Giving Creative Criticism

1995 What Time Means to Manufacturing

2015 Organizational Excellence Through Total Flexi-Quality: People

Dimension
2011 The logistic principles for fast flexible strategy design of the
company in crisis time
2002 Operational measurements for product development
organisations
1996 The theory of constraints in services: part 1 the basics

1996 The theory of constraints in services: part 2 examples from

health care
1996 Celebrate and record the Theory of Constraints in services: part
2 - examples from health care
1996 The Theory of Constraints in Practice - at Quality Engineering Inc

1999 Fill-Rate Bottlenecks in Production Inventory Networks

2005 A comparative study of production planning management and

control among MRPII, TOC, and JIT
2002 Theory of constraints or common sense

2004 Getting lean IT on your shop floor

2000 Getting the best out of what you've got

2002 TOC or LP?

1998 Making Production Predictable

1990 Just-in-Time, Total Quality Management, Theory of Constraints - a

Synergy

1992 Manufacturing Strategy and the Theory of Constraints

1998 Real-Time Performance

1995 Revolutionary Management

1994 Re-engineering, by the Book

1999 A philosophical discussion

1997 Beat the drum (buffer, rope)

1995 Full Speed, Straight Ahead? : A New Look At Constraints

Management Challenges Traditional Production Policies.
2008 A New Approach of Backward Simulation Combined TOC for
Hybrid Flowshop Scheduling of Grouped Jobs
2004 Study on the TOC-based OEE Method

1999 Examining the Theory of Constraints: A Source of Operational

and Financial Performance Improvement for Manufacturers

1999 Implementing Theory of Constraints in a Job Shop Environment

2013 A Fuzzy-Neural Ensemble and Geometric Rule Fusion Approach

for Scheduling a Wafer Fabrication Factory
2014 Moving towards agility: the contribution of a modified balanced
scorecard system
2011 Quality improvement in robotic work cells by the application of
the theory of constraints
2013 A Methodology for Determining and Controlling the Buffers
before Floating Bottlenecks in Heavy Machinery Production
2006 Analysis and identification of floating capacity bottlenecks in
metallurgical production
1997 Fab 6 Pipeline constraint management implementation at Harris
Semiconductor Corp
1994 From Cost Centre to Profit Centre

2009 The Order-oriented Bottleneck Resource Identification and a

Single Machine Scheduling with Job Class Setups Based on an
Improved Tabu Algorithm
2010 DBR system based production planning and control of shipping
agile manufacturing enterprise
2008 Study and application of an integrated manufacturing
management mode based on MRP, JIT and TOC
1996 The Theory of Constraints: an overall management philosophy
supporting an accelerated process of ongoing improvement in
information services
2002 Battle at the bottlenecks

2004 Can lean live online?

2003 A little TOC goes a long way

1997 Three Shops, Three Strategies: Using MRPII, JIT, and TOC in Remanufacturing Cells
1993 Competing with Crayolas: Manufacturing as a Competitive
Weapon at Binney & Smith
1995 Focusing on time and teams to eliminate waste at shingo prizewinning ford electronics
1994 Applying the theory of constraints' process management
technique to an administrative function at stanley furniture
2014 A problem solving strategy based on a case study from SARS
epidemic
2013 Optimization of setup frequency for TOC supply chain
replenishment system with capacity constraints
1998 Putting Your Efforts Where Your Problems Are

2001 Applying the theory of constraints in a structural steel plant How

keeping busy could be a bad idea
1996 Banishing Bottlenecks

2001 An evaluation of the DBR control mechanism in a job shop

environment
1997 Management Science, Theory of Constraints, Optimized
Production Technology and Local Optimization

2005 The theory of constraints: a methodology apart? - a comparison

with selected OR/MS methodologies
1998 Theory of Constraints (TOC): Barriers Real and Imaginary

1997 TOC - Religion or Management Tool?

2005 Analysis of optimal and nearly optimal sequencing policies for a

closed queueing network
2003 Investigation of Flow Mechanisms in Semiconductor Wafer
Fabrication
1998 Re-Engineering the Manufacturing System: Applying the Theory
of Constraints
2005 Simulation analysis of the impact of buffer size on profitability in
a drum-buffer-rope scheduling environment
2009 Um modelo de otimizao da operao de terminais petrolferos
usando a teoria das restries como pr-processamento
2001 Management systems that changed the world of manufacturing.
How we've evolved operations to improve quality and
productivity
2007 TOC: Not just another lean manufacturing theory

2001 Beyond Lean manufacturing: Combining Lean and the Theory of

Constraints for higher performance
2008 A Practical TOC Scheduling Method Using Pull-Push Production
Concept
2012 Determine and Compare Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship
Education based on Multi- Axial Model and Theory of Constraints
and Compromises on Learning Entrepreneurship Skills

2014 Reliable Shop Floor Bottleneck Detection for Flow Lines through
Process and Inventory Observations
2015 Synchronization of Engineering, Manufacturing and on-site
Installation in Lean ETO-Enterprises
2015 Framework for Continuous Improvement of Production Processes
and Product Throughput
2015 Creative Educational Methods in Implementation of Investment
Projects in Renewable Energy
2010 The study on balance of production schedule and capability of
Deli Molded products Co. Ltd
1996 Examination of bottleneck management practices on ease of
management, shop-parameters and customer variables
1996 Drum-Buffer-Rope: Testing an alternative to material
requirements planning
1998 Simulation based evaluation of drum-buffer-rope (DBR)
scheduling system under shifting bottleneck conditions
2002 A Comparison of DRP and TOC Customer Service Performance
within a Multi-Product, Multi-Echelon Physical Distribution
Environment
1996 Drum-Buffer-Rope operating policies and bottleneck position in
V-plants
1994 Synchronous flow management (SFM) principles in the
manufacturing of discrete power devices
1994 Applying constraint management theory in a wafer fab

1998 Implementing the theory of constraints philosophy in highly

reentrant systems

2014 Using Simulation Game and Enhancement to Overcome Two

Obstacles That Block the Introduction of SDBR to Production
Management Society
2014 Using simulation game and enhancement to overcome two
obstacles that block the introduction of SDBR to production
management society
1998 A simulation study of the applicability of the theory of
constraints concepts to the selection of improvement projects in
complex manufacturing environments
2013 Applying Theory of Constraints to Large Network Problems
(Presentation)
1995 SDWT requires tools to be successful

2014 Performance analysis of scheduling rules in remanufacturing

operations using stochastic Petri net
2002 An application of DBR and buffer management in solving real
world problems
1998 The Advantages of using short cycle time manufacturing (SCM)
instead of continuous flow manufacturing (CFM)
2001 A practical bottleneck detection method

2003 Comparison of bottleneck detection methods for AGV systems

2006 Product-mix Design Decision under TOC by Soft-sensing of Level

of Satisfaction using Modified Fuzzy-LP
2006 A fuzzy QFD approach for designing internal processes for air
cargo transportation services
2011 Dynamic Buffering of a Capacity Constrained Resource via the
Theory of Constraints

2011 Bottleneck Management Strategies in Semiconductor Wafer

Fabrication Facilities
2011 A Lot-sizing Algorithm for Pull Production Environments

2014 Opportunistic Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Based on

Theory of Constraints
1998 A Review of Goldratt's Theory of Constraints (TOC) - lessons from
the international literature
2002 Integrating the Theory of Constraints into Supply Chain
Management
2002 RATOC-A simple method for productivity improvement in robot
workcells based on the theory of constraints
2015 Revisiting Lean Manufacturing Process with Vendor Managed
Inventory System
2015 A Study of TOC-Supply Chain Replenishment System in LED Chip
Manufacturers
2008 Simulation-based procedure for implementing theory of
constraints: Extension for cases with multiple bottlenecks
2006 Improving Railroad Classification Yard Performance Through
Bottleneck Management Methods
2000 Pull Scheduling SystemA Conceptual Algorithm

1999 The Results of Applying TOC: Lessons from Published Accounts

2004 Effective order release system for a multistage production

system with multiple bottlenecks: a simulation analysis

2006 Disassembly scheduling with capacity constraints: minimizing

the number of products disassembled
2011 Simulation study for investment decisions on the EcoBoost
camshaft machining line
2015 Identification approach for bottleneck clusters in a job shop
based on theory of constraints and sensitivity analysis
2004 Disassembly scheduling: Integer programming models

2008 Utilising buffer management to manage uncertainty and focus

improvement
2010 Theory of constraints: A review of its applications in supply chain
management
2006 Application of theory of constraints on scheduling of drum-bufferrope system
1993 Simulation of synchronous manufacturing at a naval aviation
depot
2005 Do OPT Teoria das Restries: avanos e mitos From the OPT to
the Theory of Constraints: advances and myths
2005 From the OPT to the Theory of Constraints: advances and myths

1994 Enterprise Implications of Transfer Pricing

1994 Proper Use of Constraint Management

1989 Manufacturing Performance: Local Versus Global Measures

1988 JIT and Constraint Theory: The Issue of Bottleneck Management

1991 Using "The Goal" In An MRP System

1989 The Strategic Use of Work-In-Progress Inventory

1998 Wandering Bottlenecks: Speculating on the True Causes

2002 Practical application of drum-buffer-rope to synchronize a twostage supply chain

1995 Implementation of drum-buffer-rope at a military rework depot
engine works
1999 Throughput improvement and scrap reduction in aluminum can
manufacturing
1997 A Cause-And-Effect Approach to Analysing Performance
Measures
1997 Managing JIT Toward Maturity

1994 A Simulation Comparison of Traditional, JIT, and TOC

Manufacturing Systems in a Flow Shop With Bottlenecks
1994 Theory of Constraints: Improper Applications Yield Improper
Conclusions
1992 Analysing Manufacturing Problems Using V-A-T Analysis

1992 Strategies For Production Control

1992 The Product Mix Decision: A Comparison of Theory of Constraints

and Labour Based Management Accounting
1991 MRT, MRPII, OPT, JIT, and CIM - Secession, Evolution, or
Necessary Combination?
1989 Inventory: Asset or Liability

1998 The theory of constraints: Application to a service firm

1991 Buffer management. A diagnostic tool for production control

2011 Using Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope to Rapidly Improve

Operational Performance: A Case Study in China
1994 Drum-Buffer-Rope Scheduling and Pictures for the Yearbook

2009 Why Is High Due-Date Performance So Difficult to Achieve?An

Experimental Study
2001 Integrating enterprise resources planning and theory of
constraints: a case study
1999 Finite capacity promising

1996 The application of focused management in the electronics

industry
1993 Optimizing theory of constraints when new product alternatives
exist
1994 Does Protective Capacity Assist Managers In Competing Along
Time-Based Dimensions.

2000 Improving a V-plant operation: A window manufacturing case

study
1997 Focusing maintenance improvement efforts in a wafer
fabrication facility operating under the theory of constraints
1991 Material Requirements Planning and Theory of Constraints: Can
They Coexist? A Case Study
2001 Analysis of the effects of seven drum-buffer-rope
implementations
2001 Toward a greater understanding of linear programming, theory of
contstraints, and the product mix problem
1996 Common Sense Manufacturing, A Method of Production Control

1996 Robert Bowden Inc.: A case study of cellular manufacturing and

drum-buffer-rope implementation
1991 Understanding and Applying Constraint Management in Todays
Manufacturing Environments
2000 Applying synchronous manufacturing concepts to improve
production performance in high-tech manufacturing
1999 Using the theory of constraints in teaching linear programming
and vice versa advantages and caveats
1990 Drum-buffer-rope shop floor control

1995 Master Production Scheduling in a Theory of Constraints

Environment
2015 Concerning Workload Control and Order Release: The PreShop
Pool Sequencing Decision

2002 A study of the utilization of capacity constrained resources in

drum-buffer-rope systems
2002 Job release control using a cyclic schedule

1997 "On The Theory of Constraints" and the Goal System"

1997 Commentary on an exposition of multiple constraint scheduling

as implemented in the goal system
1997 Comments on an exposition of multiple constraint scheduling

1997 An exposition of multiple constraints scheduling as implemented

in the goal system
2013 Operational Slack and Venture Survival

2013 The Role of Operations Management Across the Entrepreneurial

Value Chain
1994 Shifting Production Bottlenecks: Causes, Cures, and Conundrums

1995 Synchronous Manufacturing

1999 Escape from the Unnecessary Some Guidelines for Production

Management
1999 Production Management Issues in Developing Nations

2006 Bottleneck management: Theory and practice

2007 Product mix in the TFT-LCD industry

2006 Capacity allocation model for photolithography workstation with

the constraints of process window and machine dedication
2003 An investigation of output flow control, bottleneck flow control
and dynamic flow control mechanisms in various simple lines
scenarios
2002 A simulation study comparing performance of CONWIP and
bottleneck-based release rules
2014 Design and implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope pull-system

2014 Design and implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope pull-system

2008 The shape of protective capacity in unbalanced production

systems with unplanned machine downtime
2000 The effect of the drum-buffer-rope (DBR) approach on the
performance of a synchronous manufacturing system (SMS)
2016 Improving labour relations performance using a Simplified Drum
Buffer Rope (S-DBR) technique
2002 Designing unbalanced lines - Understanding protective capacity
and protective inventory
2000 Production planning and control tools

2002 Development of a state-dependent dispatch rule using theory of

constraints in near-real-world wafer fabrication
2002 Implications of environmental management for operations
management

2012 Zastosowanie algorytmu DBR TeorII Ograniczen? do planowania

produkcji
Using TOC for Performance Improvement

2014 Bed crisis and elective surgery late cancellations: An approach

using the theory of constraints
1994 A Common Language of Quality: Synchronous Manufacturing in
the Aerospace Industry
2014 Discussion of An Emerging Science of Improvement in Health
Care
2002 Applying the theory of constraints in health care: Part 1--The
philosophy
2004 The Theory of Constraints and medical error: a conversation with
Robert A. McNutt
2002 Applying the Theory of Constraints in Health Care: part 1-the
philosophy
1995 Bottlenecks Can Be Found Using Quality Tools

2014 Rock solid.(6TOC improvement method)

2002 Features - Six Sigma - Theory of Constraints - What Should Be

Changed? - A comparison of cause and effect diagrams and
current reality trees shows which will bring optimum results
when making improvements
2000 Book Review: The Measurement Nightmare: How The Theory of
Constraints Can Resolve Conflicting Strategies, Policies and
Measures
2000 Six Sigma and Beyond The theory of constraints helps pick
winning projects

2005 Staffing shortages and the theory of constraints

1992 Drum-buffer-rope: a not-so-new approach to depot maintenance

shop floor control
1994 A Study of the Cost and Benefits of a Unit Production System
Versus the Progressive Bundle System
2011 Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive
components remanufacturing industry in China
2014 A conceptual approach for managing production in consideration
of shifting electrical loads
2004 Theory of Constraints (TOC) & its applications to improve
Profitability in Rubber Industry
2009 Achieving Fast And Reliable Deliveries With A Robust TOC
Solution Simple Enough To Be Supported By Standard ERP
Systems
2010 Research on the model of buffer design based on DBR for
remanufacturing system
2013 A Bottleneck-based dynamic scheduling algorithm for
semiconductor wafer fabrication
2014 Procedimiento para la programacin y control de la produccin
de una pequea empresa de calzado
2012 Critical chain project management and drum-buffer-rope tools

2010 Constraint management systemoptimized production

technology (OPT)
2001 Global optimization in production system and management

1996 Use OEE don't let OEE use you

2002 Integrating Manufacturing Into the Supply Chain Model

2002 Features - Business Reports - Integrating Manufacturing Into the

Supply Chain Model
1997 Application of a constraint based production line management
system for semiconductor manufacturing
2005 Using simulation model to integrate production plan and
dispatching system
2006 Segmented WIP control for cycle time reduction

2007 Study on Production Optimization in Wafer Fabrication Based on

Drum-Buffer-Rope Theory
1995 How TOC & TPM work together to build the quality toolbox of
SDWTs
2012 Time buffer determination method based on system's random
variability
2005 Improving the conflicts on multiple goals and constraints based
TZBM
2010 Toyota e toc: uma comparao com base em seus princpios
fundamentais
1995 A Simulation Model of Drum-Buffer-Rope for Production Planning
and Control at a Naval Aviation Department
1996 Learning the theory of constraints with a simulation game

2002 Shifting bottleneck detection

1998 FMS simulation: Some experience and recommendations

1998 Optimal Staffing in Semiconductor Manufacturing - A Queuing

Theory Approach
2005 Constraints in the teaching and learning of the humanities at
South African universities: A Delphi study
2014 Prioritising Maintenance Improvement Opportunities in Physical
Asset Management
1996 Theory of Constraints: Evolution of a Revolution

1995 The Amazing Goldratt Blazes Paths To Profit

1995 Thinking Revolutionary

1994 The Power of The Goal

1994 Vision and Revolution

1992 The Monster Method: How Noel Lee Created the Management
System of the Future
2005 Intrinsic Dynamics of Supply Chains

2007 Analyzing a Drum-Buffer-Rope scheduling system executability

through simulation

2010 Accelerated knowledge management (AKM): developing rapid

KM methodology for an adaptive service-orientated business
model
2014 Application of the Theory of Constraints in Supply Chain

2004 Applying the theory of constraints to supply chain collaboration

2008 Examining supply chain networks using VAT material flow

analysis
2003 Customer Lead Time Reduction in a Manufacturing SME

1999 Follow the laggard? - Not all bottlenecks are created equal

2006 A Method for the Reengineering of Production System Based on

Theory of Constraint and System Dynamics
2006 A new approach to on-line rescheduling for a semiconductor
foundry fab
2008 A new generation of ERP/APSIMES enterprise management
system based on an integration between APS and ERP
2006 The study on hybrid production schedulling based on TOC

1998 [Review of] The Theory of Constraints: Applications in Quality

and Manufacturing
2010 Application of the theory of constraints in the management of
production of manufacturer sealing: Implantation proposal
2012 Improvement of Manufacturing Productivity and Responsiveness
through Integrated Process Planning and Authorizing

2013 An order release control mechanism based on self-adaptive

neural fuzzy inference system and theory of constraints
2003 A case study of VMI using TOC

2015 Finding robust solutions for constraint satisfaction problems with

discrete and ordered domains by coverings
1997 Managing Constraints

2005 Product mix optimization for semiconductor manufacturing

based on AHP and ANP analysis
2006 Psycho-clonal based approach to solve a TOC product mix
decision problem
2007 Dynamic parallel machine scheduling with mean weighted
tardiness objective by Q-Learning
2014 A multi-criteria decision-making approach to solve the product
mix problem with interval parameters based on the theory of
constraints.(Report)
1991 Implementing Drum-Buffer-rope to Control Lead-Time

1990 Controlling Input: The Real Key to Shorter Lead-times

1992 Managing system constraints: a cost/utilization approach

1993 Analysis of setup time at constraint resources

1994 Process flow industryscheduling and control using theory of

constraints

1992 The missing link between manufacturing strategy and production

planning
2014 Theory of Constraints: A Literature Review

2010 Choosing which process improvement methodology to

implement
2005 The Theory of Constraints and the Make-or-Buy Decision: An
Update and Review
1998 [Review of] Re-Engineering the Manufacturing System: Applying
the Theory of Constraints
1993 A Primer on the Theory of Constraints

1998 Throughput is Number One

1998 The Theory of Constraints: Fad or Future?

2010 From DBR to Simplified-DBR for Make-to-Order

2010 A review of literature on drum-buffer-rope, buffer management

and distribution
1997 Synergies Between the Theory of Constraints and Linear
Programming
2001 Working at the frontiers of the TOC instruments: delivery by
shortening workload control - Werken aan de grenzen van het
TOC-instrumentarium: levertijdverkorting door
werklastbeheersing
2012 Supply chain management: The production part, the TOC way so
far and what lies ahead

2012 Using TOC to boost a lean organization

2007 Viable Vision: Achievable in healthcare

2013 Managing stock not always for availability

1993 Focus is Key to Stampers Success

1992 Alkco Lighting and its Journey to Goldratts Goal

1998 A policy resolution model for knowledge acquisition in quality

management
1992 Alkco Lighting Company and its journey to Goldratt's Goal

1996 Analysis of a process improvement path using rapid modeling

2010 Improving the weakest link: A TOC -based framework for small
businesses
2013 The application of the theory of constraints and activity-based
costing to business excellence: the case of automotive
electronics manufacture firms
1998 Does TOC fit SCF?

2010 A fuzzy-logic-based system for freeway bottleneck severity

diagnosis in a sensor network
1995 The Bottom Line

1998 Using the theory of constraints' production application in a

semiconductor fab with a reentrant bottleneck
2014 Using lean-based systems engineering to increase capacity in
the emergency department
2008 Dynamic Efficiency and Performance Improvement to Service
Firms Based on Integrated MRPII/JIT/TOC System
1985 Production Planning and Control in Flow Shop Operations using
Drum Buffer Rope Methodology: A System Dynamics Approach
2003 A review of improvement methods in manufacturing operations

1990 The Theory of Constraints and Activity Based Costing:Allocation

Make Sense
1991 MRPII and Finite Capacity Scheduling

2010 Fundamental concepts of theory of constraints: An emerging

philosophy
2011 Theory of constraints- lessons for academicians and practicing
managers from "the goal - II"
2010 Drum-buffer-rope: The technique to plan and control the
production using theory of constraints
1996 Manufacturings Future: Synch and Kaizen

1994 Theory of Constraints and MRP2: From Theory to Results

1994 Theory of Constraints and MRPII: From Theory to Results

2012 Application of the algorithm DBR Theory of Constraints to

production planning
2007 Study on hybrid production scheduling based on TOC

2002 Management by Constraints

2005 Analysis of light armored vehicle depot level maintenance

2015 Theory of Constraints och Lean Production i High-mix Lowvolume fretag

Multiple Views of The Medicine Distribution in A Pharmacy of a
Navy Hospital
2014 Constraints theory (TOC): an analysis of case studies avaiable in
conference proceedings

Author

Publication

Groenewald, Rupert Pierre

Chakravorty, Satya S.;

Atwater, J. Bryan
Dawood Nashwan, Eknarin
Sriprasert
Chang, P. Y.

Sweeney, Mike T

Schragenheim, Amir

Wu, Hornghuei; Li, Mingfeng

Unghanse, Fabian

Nicolaides, Angelo;
Peristeris, Oresty
Moore, Richard; Scheinkopf,
Lisa
Soares, Priscila Ferraz;
Lacerda, Daniel Pacheco;
Fillipo, Thas; Santos, Rafael
Paim Cunha
Betterton, C. E.; Silver, S. J. (book chapter) Manufactuirng Control
Systems

Kilger, C.; Wetterauer, U.

(Book Chapter) Supply Chain

Management and Advanced Planning
(Fourth Edition): Concepts, Models,
Software, and Case Studies
Apolloni, Stefano; Lando,
15 th Annual POMS (Production and
Marcello; Savino, Matteo M. Operations Management Society)
Conference
Stamm, M. L.; Neitzert, T.;
Singh, D. P. K.

16th International Annual EurOMA

Conference

Ashayeri, J.

16th International Conference on

Flexible Automation and Intelligent
Manufacturing

Schragenheim, Eli

1998 APICS Constraints Management

Symposium Proceedings

May, Neville

1998 APICS Constraints Management

Symposium Proceedings

Wolffarth, Greg

1998 APICS Constraints Management

Symposium Proceedings

Yu, X. Y.; Qiao, F.; Ma, Y. M.

19th International Conference on

Industrial Engineering and Engineering
Management: Assistive Technology of
Industrial Engineering
19th International Conference on
Production Research

Chuang, C.; Li, R. K.

Golinska, P.; Brehm, N.;

19th International Conference on
Fertsch, M.; Marx Gomez, J.; Production Research
Oleskow, J.; Pawlewski, P.
Shao, Z.; Zhang, T.

Han, W. M.; Su, X. B.

1st International Conference on

Information Science and Engineering,
ICISE2009

1st International Forum of Information

Systems Frontiers, IFISF and 2nd IFIP
TC8.9 International Conference on
Research and Practical Issues of
Enterprise
Information on
Systems,
Phruksaphanrat, B.; Ohsato, 2006
IEEE Conference
Cybernetics
CONFENIS
2007Systems
A.; Yenradee, P.
and
Intelligent

Liu, Y.; Tian, Y.; Sawaragi, T. 2006 IEEE International Conference on

Service Operations and Logistics, and
Informatics, SOLI 2006
Snelling, S.; Lynde, B.

2006 IIE Annual Conference and

Exposition

Guan, Z. L.; Peng, Y. F.;

Yang, X. L.; Shao, X. Y.

2007 IEEE International Conference on

Industrial Engineering and Engineering
Management, IEEM

Mehta, M.

2008 ASEE Annual Conference and

Exposition

Sun, R.; Wang, Z.

2008 Asia Simulation Conference - 7th

International Conference on System
Simulation and Scientific Computing,
ICSC 2008
2008 IEEE International Conference on
Industrial Engineering and Engineering
Management

Xu, Yimin ; Ma, Shihua

Lyu, J.; Chen, P. S.

2008 IEEE International Conference on

Industrial Engineering and Engineering
Management

Song, S.; Li, A.; Xu, L.

2008 IEEE International Conference on

Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics,
RAM 2008

Wang, Y.; Cao, J.; Kong, L.

2009 IEEE International Conference on

Intelligent Computing and Intelligent
Systems, ICIS 2009

Ma, L. L.; Chen, J.

2009 International Conference on

Information Engineering and Computer
Science, ICIECS 2009

Xu, X. Q.; Ru, Y. H.; Liu, L. F. 2010 International Conference on

Machine Learning and Cybernetics,
ICMLC 2010
Cao, Z.; Peng, Y.; Wang, Y.

2011 7th IEEE International Conference

on Automation Science and
Engineering, CASE 2011

Lin, R.; Pang, R.; Yang, Y.;

Song, J.

2011 International Conference on

Information Technology, Computer
Engineering and Management Sciences,
ICM 2011

Chen, Y.; Zhou, H.; Guan, Z.; 2011 International Conference on

Shao, X.
Material Science and Information
Technology, MSIT2011
Mabin, V.J.

24th Annual Conference of the

Operational Research Society of New
Zealand

Otamendi, F. J.

25th European Conference on Modelling

and Simulation, ECMS 2011

Feng, S.; Zhang, J.; Ding, S. 2nd International Conference on

Mechatronics and Intelligent Materials
2012
Mabin, Victoria J.

32nd ORSNZ Conference Proceedings

Wu, H. H.; Yang, C. J.; Wu, T. 36th International Conference on

H.
Computers and Industrial Engineering,
ICC and IE 2006
Adetunji, O.; Yadavalli, V. S. 3rd IASTED African Conference on
S.
Modelling and Simulation
Jarden, Kathryn M.

40th Annual Conference of the

Operational Research Society of New
Zealand

Jeng, W. D.; Tsai, M. S.

40th International Conference on

Computers and Industrial Engineering,
CIE40 2010

Tian, Y.; Shimohara, K.; Liu, 42nd IEEE Conference on Decision and
Y.; Sawaragi, T.
Control
Mabin, V.

4th Triennial Conference of APORS

(Association of Asian-Pacific Operational
Research Societies)

Adnan, A.; Cazan, A.;

Arunachalam, S.

5th International Conference on

Manufacturing Research

Cui, N.; Leng, K.; Wendy, T. 5th International Conference Service

Systems and Service Management Exploring Service Dynamics with
Science and Innovative Technology,
ICSSSM'08

Chen, Ning

6th International Conference on

Multimedia, Computer Graphics and
Broadcasting (MulGraB)

Taofeng, Y.; Wenmin, H.

6th World Congress on Intelligent

Control and Automation, WCICA 2006

Tian, Y. J.; Shimohara, K.;

Sawaragi, T.; Liu, Y.

7th World Multiconference on

Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics,
Vol VIII, Proceedings

Miguel, S. E.; Ribera, T. B.;

Guillem, J. M. A.; Prez, C.
M. D.

9th IFIP WG 5.5 International

Conference on Balanced Automation
Systems for Future Manufacturing
Networks
Utiyama, M. H. R.; Filho, M. A literatura a respeito da comparao
G.
entre a teoria das restries e a
manufatura enxuta: reviso,
classificao e anlise
De Jesus Pacheco, D. A.; Von A proposio de um modelo de gesto
Gilsa, C.; Lacerda, D. P.;
da capacidade na manufatura
Jnior, J. A. V. A.;
Goldmeyer, D. B.
Cogan, Samuel; Kerber,
ABCustos
Carlos Roberto; Leal,
Rodrigo Barreiros; Dos
Santos, Ronaldo Francisco;
Da Silva,
Chaves; Academy of Management Proceedings
Groop,
J.; Anderson
Ketokivi, M.;
Wanderley,
Carlos
Gupta,
M.; Holmstrom,
J.
Alexandre Nascimento
Tay, H. L.; Bhakoo, V.

Academy of Management Proceedings

Zhang, Hong-Yuan; Xi, YuGeng; Gu, Han-Yu

Acta Automatica Sinica

Lenort, Radim

Advanced Logistic systems

Cohen, A.; Hutchin, T.

Advanced Manufacturing Processes,

Systems, and Technologies (Ampst 96)

Li, Rui; Liu, Yu Jun; Hamada, Advanced Materials Research

Kunihiro

Kasemset, Chompoonoot;
Smutkupt, Uttapol

Advanced Materials Research

Sun, G. E.; Guan, Z. L.; Yue, Advanced Materials Research

L.; Zheng, Z. M.; Lin, H.
Murphy, R. E.; Dedera, C. R. Advanced Semiconductor
Manufacturing Conference and
Workshop, 1996. ASMC 96 Proceedings.
IEEE/SEMI 1996
Klusewitz, Greg; Rerick, Ray Advanced Semiconductor
Manufacturing Conference and
Workshop, 1996. ASMC 96 Proceedings.
IEEE/SEMI 1996
Cunningham, Calum;
Advanced Semiconductor
Babikian, Richard
Manufacturing Conference and
Workshop, 1998. 1998 IEEE/SEMI
Sturm, Roland;
Frauenhoffer, Frank; Dorner,
Johann; Kirschenhofer,
Oliver; Reisinger, Thomas
Bonal, J.; Sadai, A.; Ortega,
C.; Aparicio, S.; Fernandez,
M.; Oliva, R.; Rodriguez, L.;
Rosendo, M.; Sanchez, A.;
Paule, E.;
Ojeda,
D.
Gregor,
Milan;
Matuszek,
Jzef; Plinta, Dariusz

Advanced Semiconductor
Manufacturing Conference and
Workshop, 1999 IEEE/SEMI

Pawlewski, P.; Golinska, P.;

Fertsch, M.; Trujillo, J. A.;
Pasek, Z. J.

Advances in Soft Computing

Chang, Y. C.; Huang, W. T.

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS

MANAGEMENT

Dos Santos, Luciano A.

Air Force Institute Of Technology WrightPatterson AFB Oh Graduate School Of

Engineering and Management

Simons, Jacob V. Jr, Major;

Moore, Richard I. Jr, Lt Col

Air Force Journal of Logistics

Advanced Semiconductor
Manufacturing Conference and
Workshop; IEEE/SEMI
Advances in Manufacturing Science and
Technology

Demmy, W Steven.; Petrini, Air Force Journal of Logistics

Arthur

Moore, Richard

Air Force Journal of Logistics

Simons, Jacob V.; Moore,

Richard I.

Air Force Journal of Logistics

Mehdizadeh, Esmaeil;
American Journal of Scientific Research
Hajipour, Vahid; Mahmoudi,
Amin
Strear, C.; Vissers, R.; Yoder, Annals of Emergency Medicine
E.; Barnett, H.; Shanks, T.;
Jones, L.
Shaaban, Sabry; McNamara, Annual conference of the northeast
Tom; Atil, Ahmed; La
decision sciences institute
Rochelle, E. S. C.
Foster, Warren R.

Annual International Conference

Proceedings - American Production and
Inventory Control Society

Draman, Rexford H.; Cox III, Annual International Conference

James F.
Proceedings - American Production and
Inventory Control Society
Radovilsky, Z. D.

Aom Proceedings of the Management

Functions and Applications Group

Cox, J. F.

APICS

Joy, Louis W III.; Smith,

Franci

APICS - Constraint Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Dettmer, W. H.

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium Proceedings

Stein, R. E.

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium Proceedings

Srikanth, M

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium Proceedings

Foster, W.R.

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium Proceedings

Covington, Joh

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Garrison, William

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Hodgdon, Bill

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Franks, Stephen

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Wolffarth, Greg

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Schragenheim, Eli

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Ptak, Carol

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Barlevy, Rami

APICS - Constraints Management

Symposium: Proceedings

Gupta, Sanjee

APICS - The Educational Society for

Resource Management

McMullen, Thomas

APICS - The Educational Society for

Resource Management

Hobbs, O Kermit J

APICS - The Educational Society for

Resource Management

Greenfield, David

APICS - The Performance Advantage

McMullen, Thomas

APICS - The Performance Advantage

Goldratt, Eliyahu

APICS - The Performance Advantage

Wilson, Ken

APICS - The Performance Advantage

Buchwald, Steve

APICS (Australasia) 8th Conference

Proceedings

Shore, Kathryn

APICS (Australasia) 8th Conference

Proceedings

Wilson, Peter.; Devlin,

Howard.; Roche, Greg

APICS (Australasia) International

Conference Proceedings

Mabin, Victoria J.; Alvos,

Tony

APICS (Australasian Region) 3rd

Conference Proceedings

Goldratt, Eliyahu M.

APICS 23rd Annual Conference

Proceedings

Parr, John,

APICS Australasian Region 4th

Conference Proceedings

Peschke, Richard E. Ph. D.

and Austin, Kathleen M.

APICS CM-SIG Symposium Proceedings

McClelland, Bil

APICS Constraint Management

Symposium Proceedings

Gronseth, Steve; Ray, Joe

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium

Angst, David R.; McKinney, APICS Constraints Management

Bryan L.; Klien, Carl F.
Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Adelman, Philip J.

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Hansen, Ray; Hansen, Dawn APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Wayman, Willard

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Covington, John

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Hinneburg, Patricia A.;

Lynch, William.; Black,
Joseph

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Posnack, Alan

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Vollum, Robert

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Atkinson, Thomas H.;

Paresa, Barbara

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Harrison, Mike

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

McMullen, Thomas

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
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Overall, Karl.; Papp, Ken

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Cox, James F. III; Lockamy,

Archie

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Roadman, Charles, H.;

APICS Constraints Management
Benge, James M.; McGinnis, Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Lloyd P.; Yurkosky, Theodore Proceedings
P.; Adams, David V.;
Cockerham, Glenn, C.;
Flowers, Steven,

Holt, James

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Moon, Stacy

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Israni, A.

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Shoemaker, LJ

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Gronseth, Steve; Ray, Joe

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Hansen, R

APICS Constraints Management

Symposium and Technical Exhibit:
Proceedings

Plenert, Gerhard

APICS Online Edition

Pirasteh, R. M.; Farah, K. S.

APICS The Performance Advantage

Krausert, B.

APICS The Performance Advantage

Latamore, Berton G

APICS The Performance Advantage

Cox, James F II

APICS The Performance Advantage

Danos, Gerard

APICS The Performance Advantage

Low, James

APICS The Performance Advantage

Low, James

APICS The Performance Advantage

Stillahn, Bra

APICS The Performance Advantage

Bowers, M.; Adams, G.

APICS The Performance Advantage

McMullen, T. B.

APICS The Performance Advantage

Srinivasan, Mandyam M.
Best William D.

APICS The Performance Advantage

Srinivasan, Mandyam;
Darren, Jones; Miller , Alex

APICS The Performance Advantage

Schragenheim, E.

APICS-The Educational Society for

Resource Management, America

Wu, Horng-Huei; Jen, Wei-Ta APIEMS 2009

Whalen, Charles E J

Apparel Industry Magazine

Moore, Lila

Apparel Industry Magazine

Covington, John

Apparel Industry Magazine

Schaffner, Karen

Apparel Industry Magazine

Schaffner, Karen

Apparel Industry Magazine

Schaffner, Karen

Apparel Industry Magazine

Kron, Penny

Apparel Industry Magazine

Greco, Monica

Apparel Industry Magazine

Greco, M.

Apparel Industry Magazine.

Mleczko, Janusz; MivCieta, Applied Computer Science

Branislav; Dulina, L'uboslav
Pesin, A.; Shemshurova, N.; Applied Engineering Sciences
Lokotunina, N.; Pesin, I.;
Sverdlik, M.
Glock, C. H.; Jaber, M. Y.

Applied Mathematical Modelling

Qiu, Y. Q.; Ge, P.; Ren, P. Y.; Applied Mathematics & Information
Jin, M. Z.; Luo, Y. Y.; Gao, H. Sciences
F.
Liu, Y.; Hao, J. J.; Ying, H. B.

Applied Mechanics and Materials

Wang, Guo Lei; Zhong, S. S.; Applied Mechanics and Materials

Lin, Lin
Liu, Yang; Zhang, Yun Feng; Applied Mechanics and Materials
Jin, Yu Xin
Wang, Sen; Zhang, Peng;
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Applied Mechanics and Materials

Ye, Wen Hua; Li, Jian; Chen, Applied Mechanics and Materials
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Alipour, Hamid Reza;

Arabian Journal of Business and
Khorshidi, Gholam Reza;
Management Review (Nigerian Chapter)
Alizadeh, Ali Naghdi Hamed;
Shabani, Hamidh
Honarmand
Underwood, Zahra
John W, Captai Army Logistician

Kasemset, C.;
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National Productivity Review

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National Productivity Review

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Huei
Anonymous

Fabricator

New Zealand Manufacturer

No abstract

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Zastosowanie algorytmu DBR TeorII

Ogranicze? do planowania produkcji

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Obmedzen, Riadenie Podl'A Zosladen SpoluprcaOrganizcia

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Abstract

A constraint is anything that limits a system's performance relative to its goal. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a systemsdeveloped by Eliyahu M. Goldratt since the early 1980's in a series of non-fiction books, articles and novels. The overall goal
the nature of the small business environment and the constraints it has to deal with. It is further part of this goal to determin
applicable in the small organisation. This goal is accomplished in the form of a literature study on the small business sector a
method centres on gathering and analysing information from various literature sources. TOC's fundamental message is that
Demonstrates
newsystem,
and innovative
for directing
maintenance
(PM) may
programs
using
the theory
of const
performance ofaany
and anyapproach
system contains
only apreventive
few constraints.
Constraints
be found
within
or outside
ac
of
value of using
for directing
PM programs
Achievement
of competitive
advantage
through
combination
of id
bottleneck,
whichTOC
can principles
limit the overall
profitability
of a manufacturing
firm,
is an example
of an internal
constraint.
An extern
different
approaches
fromsuggests
business.
of customer
orders. TOC
that the goal of for -profit firms is making money, and constraints must be effectively man
achieved. This is then also the goal of most small businesses, i. e. to be profitable. They need to be profitable in order to sur
of the small business sector is critical to the social and economic development of South Africa. Small enterprises are an integ
In
complexThey
and increase
concurrent
construction projects,
reliable
planning
becomes
a centre
across
upstrea
economy.
competitiveness,
contribute
a great
deal to
job-creation
and for
caneffectivecollaboration
provide long-term jobs
for millions.
downsteam
operations
atthe
wok face.
housands
fliteratures
in be
construction
have
beengrowth
ublished
oversmall
the past50
ye
however a wide
range of
constraints.
These
constraints
should
addressed planning
in order to
sustain
in the
business
implementing mountain of techniques and tools. However, they are very fragmented and have not yetprovided a universal s
problem of separation of execution from planning. To solve this puzzle, this paper introduced a new met hodology called mu
possesses five superior characteristics including (1) collaborative and multi-level planning (2)multi-constraintconsideration (3
In
wafer plants, product
will be manufactured
through same
with different
setups Anintegrated
and specifications.
Thissupportsyste
special ma
uncertaintyhandling
(4)appropriate
visualre presentation
andprocess
(5)practicable
optimisation.
decision
described
re-entrant flows.anagementsystem,
In photo process of4D-visualisation
wafer manufacturing,
products
is also restricted
to be processed
through s
basedand as
mobileinformation
system,
and evolutionary
optimisation
system is successfu
reentrance
to improve
quality.
Thismethodology.
phenomenonThe
will two
cause
scheduling
in photo process
being complicated
and is proved
to ab
for implementation
ofthe
roposed
modules
of information
managementand
visualisationare
detailed
research
develops
a mathematical model for photo
process
toenable
minimize
the makespan.
A feasible
solution
is achieved
using
Itisenvisaged
hat successfulimplementationofthis
system
will
generation
of reliable
plans and
constraint-free
executio
method.
The results
are compared
the optimal solution that is achieved using branch and bound algorithm. Our results sh
reduce production
risksand
improvetoon-siteproductivity.
Many
batch
manufacturing
businesses
stagger
from
period-end
despatch
to another.
organizational
behaviou
achieves
a near
optimal solution
in shorter
time.
Theone
results
also indicate
that crisis
DBR method
canSuch
be useful
in production
sche
great
an emphasis
on Trans
financial
measures
of performance and poor production throughput management. There is very little p
constraints.
(2012)
Tech
Publications.
provides a plan for an escape from this unfortunate cycle of events. This paper is based upon research designed to provide s
presented to aid the process of manufacturing strategy planning with descriptions of the generic manufacturing strategies id
achieve manufacturing-led competitive advantage will require many businesses to restructure their operations. The type of a
No abstract
the
needed transformation to their methods of production is detailed in the paper. Significant as these changes are, they are
implement as the acceptance of the radically different performance measurements used to manage manufacturing operation
measures to use to achieve manufacturing-led competitiveness is the principal subject of this paper.

The Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) method is the production application of Theory of Constraints (TOC), a global managerial metho
manager to concentrate on the most critical issues. The DBR methodology is now being implemented by a growing number o
organizations. By enabling better scheduling and decision making on the shop floor, its results are remarkable such as highe
shorter cycle time. Although, the DBR methods and its applications in some industries has been studied in some literatures r
problem of Dual Resource Constraints (DRC) on DBR. In this paper, operators dispatching rules are provided to study the imp
This
article is based
onThese
a master
that employes
Theory
of Constraint
a warehouse
operational.
foundation
of ut
th
management
system.
rulesthesis
are discussed
first and
a case
of job shopto
with
two operators
and fourThe
machines
is then
warehouses
still encounter
withoftheir
operational
work,
though
warehouse
operational
is bottleneck
a well explored
field
effective of these
rules. Theproblems
final results
experiment
show
that even
the best
dispatching
sequence
is that
is first,
m
providing
strategies
andissolutions
improve in
warehouses
a operational
Warehouse
need a to
philosophy
an
second, rope
operation
third andtomachines
CCR bufferatare
final. A caselevel.
of a DRC
systemmanagers
is finally utilized
evaluate the
select
which
solutions and strategies to implement to the their warehouses. This is where Theory of Constraints becomes va
the LABF
method.
management philosophy for improvements work. To investigate if warehouse managers could benefit from Theory of Consat
This
paper and
evaluates
the statement
thatAB,
hospitality
organisations
increase
profitability by segmenting t
performed
evaluated
at Harald Pihl
where the
goal was tomay
improve
theirefficiencies
warehouseand
operation
of importance, for the purpose of providing specialised services. We specifically refer to how customer segmentation compar
proposed by Bowersox and Closs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the basic service approach for hospitality
discuss the background and current state of the customer service environment and provide an opinion of which approach to
preferable. Furthermore, we suggest that the theory of constraints (TOC), can be used to greatly enhance effectiveness of cu
TOC
s concept
of ongoing improvement by focusing on and managing constraints may not be as inspiring as the Lean goal o
the logistics
paradigm.
However, the complexity of modern organizations and systems leaves managers with an almost unlimited number of things
the task is sufficient to paralyze even the most conscientious manger. Meanwhile, in reality, only a handful of those hundred
will make a real difference in achieving an organizations goal. TOC s constraint-focused approach is both logical and pragm
addressing the constraints provides the fastest and lowest cost means for increasing the throughput of any organization. Me
different approach to improvementthat of trimming the organizational fat by removing waste at every turn. To the degree t
morbidly obese (imagine the most absurdly bureaucratic system that you can think of) the idea of ripping the waste out of th
but also, has great appeal. However, in most organizations, waste reduction takes concerted effort over a long period of time
Removing variability is neither a trivial task nor is it quickly accomplished in most settings. The tools invoked during lean imp
However, they are far more useful when they are focused on the organizations limiting factors.

Advanced Planning Systems are a relatively new software technology. One of the first Advanced Planning Systems was OPT t
the Eighties (Schragenheim and Ronen 1990 Silver et al. 1998). OPT is based on the Theory of Constraints (Goldratt 1990), s
of a production system have to be represented in detail in a planning system in order to exploit and to control its performanc
Berlin Heidelberg.

One of the most important decisions that a manager should make is to determine a product mix to be scheduled able to max
decisions he needs more accurate information about the optimal product mix and the restrictive bottlenecks of its company.
to demonstrate as using the Activity Based Costing (ABC) approach together with the Theory of Constraints (TOC) philosophy
optimal solution to the product mix problem and the bottlenecks machines on the shop floor. A case study is provided to sho
proposed approach to a real case. Specifically we have analysed an aeronautical firm where, applying our methodology we h
The
manufacturing
explored based
able evolution
to reduceof
the
total cost permethodologies
unit during theisamortization
time.on a historic analysis of the automobile industry. The objec
contribute to a clearer understanding of the evolution of these manufacturing methodologies. The inherent historic driver an
and the existence of a paradigm shift from Fordism to Toyotism is discussed. The authors believe that sustainability and its
prudent usage of our remaining resources as the dominant constraint will coin the future role of operations research and ma

Total productive maintenance (TPM), total maintenance assurance, preventive maintenance, reliability-centered maintenance
innovative approaches to maintenance problems all aim at enhancing the effectiveness of machines to ultimately improve p
concepts demands a unique decision support system for maintenance resources planning, and implementing each of them r
of work. Introducing computer-aided maintenance resources planning (CAMRP) system is a major challenge because the mai
environment is usually traditional and unfavorable to change. This paper presents a computer-aided planning system for a m
citation
onlya number of manufacturing facilities, each consisting of a set of high-precision CNC machining centers. The work
that
serves
business unit is responsible for preventive as well as corrective maintenance activities of all CNC machines within the differe
newly developed decision support tool embodies a set of structured heuristics methods for the coordination of tasks among
help conduct different maintenance activities of manufacturing units in a more synchronized way. Through what-if-analyses,
founded decisions for capacity planning are synchronizes maintenance activities to predict maintenance start and expected
The
paper
looks at identifying constraints in production areas and using MRPII/ERP applications to their full potential.
to lower
costs

This paper looks at how drum-buffer-rope scheduling methodology can result in issues with organizational processes, policies
case study of one company's implementation of DBR software and ERP systems is analysed.

Semiconductor wafer fabrication system is a typical complex manufacturing system, since it has large-scale, reentrant, mult
other characteristics. It's too difficult to achieve the capacity balance to lead the existence of the bottleneck. According to th
accurate detection of bottleneck is the key to implement DBR thought. For the characteristics of semiconductor production li
bottleneck detection method based on the starvation and blockage information of the production line. The method is verified
simulation. Compared to the relative load method, the equipment utilization law and the queue length method the experime
Traditionally,
answer
the questions
when
to
replenishand
how many
to replenishusing
varies forecasting methods are
method makes
performance
better of
than
them.
2013 Springer-Verlag
Berlin
Heidelberg.
supply chain inventory management. However, the uncertainty with changeful demand often makes various kinds of predict
efficient. To solve the problem, the demand-pull and buffer management of TOC replenishment method developed by Dr. Go
solution in this research. Using a leading company of TFT-LCD industry in Taiwan to be the case to evaluate the feasibility an
result shows that TOC solution provides a better performance in TDD and IDD than traditional methods.
The changing business environment in which manufacturers are acting creates the need for more effective production proce
methods that are able to deal with uncertainties inherent in internal processes and external deliveries. The aim of the paper
for production planning and control applicable in conditions of supply chain (SC) able to overcome the limitation of standard
changing environment. Conceptual framework for the method involves the hybrid solutions combining the advantages of MR
constrains (TOC) ability to synchronize all production and material flow in supply chain. Authors discuss how application of T
TFT-LCD
(Thin
Transistor
Liquid
panel production
example,
a hierarchical
planning
model paper
is construct
procedures
canFilm
help
to improve
the Crystal
control Display)
of synchronized
productionasand
material
flow in supply
chain. Finally
prese
planning
in creation
multi-siteofmulti-stage
manufacture.
According
to the parties
characteristics
manufacturing process, three lev
method for
an agentbased
system that
integrate
involvedofinTFT-LCD
supply chain.
production chain planning: Firstly, for multi-stage planning, a Mixed Integrated Planning Model is constructed to realized the
collaborative planning for multi-site planning, a Liner planning model is constructed to realized the parallel factories planning
planning, DBR (Drum-Buffer-Rope) theory based model is constructed. Secondly, the hierarchical collaborative planning mod
The
theoryResource
of constraints
is playing
important
significance
in the
operation of new Enterprise Information System, becaus
Enterprise
Planning
(ERP) an
system
also studied.
2009
IEEE.
ERP/MRPII. DBR approach is the management tool of TOC when applied to an production system. DBR production systems as
an extremely important role. The paper will do a detailed study for one key issues of DBR - the determination of buffer size, i
technology. Use queuing theory to model the production networks with machine failures, batch service and varying transfer
the average flow time of product in the upstream processes before bottlenecks and assembly and the standard deviation of
Conventionally,
a revenue
function,
a cost
function
and a Group,
profit function
calculate the size
of time buffer.
2008
Taylor
& Francis
London.are selected to be the objective function for Aggrega
problems. The theory of constraints (TOC) alternative consideration argues that instead of measuring by cost, factory should
by throughput. Even though, there are a lot of research works on formulations of APP problems, there has been no investigat
most appropriate for APP problems. In this research, the investigation of the formulation of existing APP problems is done. In
of each objective function, a simple case study has been used to compare the performances of the APP problem with revenu
functions when resource constraints (limited processing time) are not included and included in the model. For the profit obje
formulations are also compared: profit objective function by TOC and profit objective function by linear programming. From t
that setting the objective function of an APP problem is very important because it may lead to a wrong decision in production

The container loading problem, a real hard problem, is usually difficult to obtain even a suboptimal solution because of not o
restrictions but also of multiple objectives. In this paper, a heuristic algorithm is proposed for solving the container loading p
algorithm is based on Drum-Buffer-Rope presented in the Theory of Constraints and the multi-agent cooperation negotiation
is focused on improving the constrained agent by striving for the trade-off of restrictions and cooperated negotiations, so tha
its biggest profit. 2006 IEEE.
A visual presentation of "747 Production, Theory of Constraints Application, " presented by Steve Snelling and Brandon Lynde
Conference is presented.

Bottleneck limits the throughput of a system, and multiple bottlenecks make the system harder to plan and control. In this p
based method for production planning and control when multiple bottlenecks exist Especially, an algorithm for bottleneck sc
presented, and some simulation study has been carried out in an electronics manufacturing enterprise to validate its effect.

Developing a plant layout for a manufacturing facility is a project that utilizes a combination of art and science. Although cre
an activity that has been performed by manufacturing and industrial engineers for decades, there is no one set formula or m
achieving the best possible optimum outcome. Many manufacturing companies are striving to adopt lean production techniq
enhance flow of products through their production facilities. Tools utilized to implement lean production techniques include: K
first-out (FIFO) lanes, pacemaker processes, management time frames, etc. Numerous companies are also implementing the
A
dynamic
classified work-in-process
release demand
rule is proposed
meet the requirement
optimizati
which
is a management
philosophy to(DC-WIP)
meet customer
through to
synchronized
production,of
tomulti-objective
enhance flow of
products
manufacturing
line
with multiple
It is based
on the
fuzzy algorithm,
theory
of constraints
and feedback
control. DC-W
corporation at an
expedited
rate. orders.
TOC utilizes
tools like
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR),
throughput
accounting,
and constraint
mana
determination
of orderare
priority,
determination
release
rate and WIP
level
a simulationofmodel
with essenti
Although, companies
striving
to implementoflean
manufacturing
and
TOCsetting.
trough By
theusing
implementation
the above
mentio
semiconductor
manufacturing
line, DC-WIP
was facilities.
comparedMacro-flow
with otheristraditional
release of
rules.
The simulation
results
show th
implementing an
optimized macro-flow
in their
the optimization
the entire
flow within
the facilities
rules
cycle time,
WIP level and
on-time-delivery
rate. As or
a result,
the whole
of semiconductor
manufacturing
them on
to avoid
sub-optimization
within
narrow departments
functional
areas. performance
Lean manufacturing
and TOC stress
the impo
Build-to-order
(BTO)
supply
chain
is a successful
pattern
for satisfying
end customer
But the
present
control
by
using DC-WIP.
2008
IEEE.
consistent
macro-flow
within
the entire
manufacturing
facility
for products,
to achieveneeds.
the highest
impact
in product
improving
the prs
JIT
are difficult to plant.
work in
BTO
supplythe
chain.
this paper,
a new theoretic
to bottleneck identification
in BTO
a manufacturing
For
creating
mostInoptimum
macro-flow
within aapproach
facility, dimensionless
block diagrams
havesupply
been
approach
combinedthe
with
thethese
theory
of constraints
and diagrams
input/output
this approach,
bottlenecks
are defined,
engineers.isHowever,
way
dimensionless
block
are control.
created Using
and implemented
have
a lot of subjectivity
bua
production
control
are
discussed.
Then
a
production
control
model
based
on
the
bottlenecks
is
developed
and
analyzed.
At
suggests an objective means using weightages to create the dimensionless block diagram to reduce the substantial subjectila
describe
the
model
is made. block diagrams. With the proposed method, facility planners will be better able to optimize the
creation of
the
dimensionless
Production
planning
and
usually
numerous business
application
including
manufacturing
execution
manufacturing
facility
as controls
necessitated
byinvolve
lean manufacturing
and TOC
principles.systems,
American
Society
for Engineering
Educa
resource planning (ERP), advanced planning and scheduling (APS) and other information systems. Implementing each of the
costly and time-consuming project. Moreover, due to the fierce competition in the global market, mass customization has be
demand-driven environment which increases the difficulties in the integration of heterogeneous information systems. This re
approach to examine the business application integration processes in the demand-driven environment and to identify poten
Based
on theory
of constraints,
to framework
bottleneck of
machine
in production
system
andfor
itsproduction
buffer status,
using and
buffer
initi
Specifically,
this study
proposesaccording
a reference
integrated
application
systems
planning
shop-fl
presented
the automatic
guided
vehicle (AGV)
dispatching
strategy
driven by bottleneck machine. Ensured bottleneck mach
several implications
of such
large-project
implementation.
2008 IEEE.
production load of machine and production assignment in system, and assigned relevant AGV to transport material for bottle
and blocking preferentially according to the relation of its starvation and blocking time and transport time of free AGV, It ma
fully without starvation and blocking. System simulation testifies this dispatching could reduce work-in-process inventory and
The
Pull type
production
control system has been of a continuing interest and challenge for researchers and practitioners sin
productivity.
2008 IEEE.
bottleneck problems under this mechanism have not yet been studied in-depth. This approach proposed a Hybrid Knaban/Co
combined the advantages of Conwip and Kanban control strategy, as well as the theory of constraints (TOC). The hybrid con
formulated with respect to DBR (Drum-Buffer-Rope) technique and a novel TOC based bottleneck resources discovery and sc
presented. To validate its effectiveness, simulations under witness environment were done and the comparison among the C
Time
buffercontrol
is a common
strategy
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR)
method
applies
to indeed
achieveable
production
and p
integrated
systemcontrol
was given.
The that
simulation
results showed
that
the method
was
to solveplanning
the bottleneck
manufacturing
system. The
of time
control
is hard
to be verified
asThe
to reduce
uncertainty
in remanufacturing
sy
improve the productivity
andeffect
reduced
the buffer
delay time
of the
production
system.
simulation
and comparison
results showe
performance.
In this
the end-of-life
remanufacturing
flow
was developed.
then
time buffe
system can solve
thepaper
bottleneck
problem engine
effectively
with enhancing
of simulation
the systemmodel
and reducing
the delayAnd
time.
2009
IEEE
was founded and experimented dynamically with four uncertainty factors in remanufacturing system including processing tim
machine failures rate and repair rate. Outcomes from experimental simulations show that time buffer control enables resour
To
solve the
problem
with
Due (WIP)
Date Performance
and
throughputimprove.
in clothing
enterprises,
increase,
average
Work
in low
Process
decrease and(DDP)
system
productivity
2009
IEEE. we propose a new bottle
design and implement production planning system with a core of the algorithm based on Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) theory. Fir
built for typical clothing enterprises secondly, some problems of traditional scheduling for the bottleneck are discussed, and
search algorithm and an example to minimize TDD are presented thirdly, material releasing is created and the mechanism o
Management is introduced finally, the system with the algorithm has successfully been implemented in one of the famous br
Scheduling
in semiconductor
manufacturing
is an important
task for theThe
industries
faced
with a large
amount
reso
achieves good
results, which bring
high DDP system
and throughput
to the enterprise.
enterprise
economic
efficiency
alsoofhas
im
scheduling can improve the overall system performance and customer satisfaction. In this paper, a scheduling method with
equipment control is designed referring to Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) theory. In order to identify the main-bottleneck, the relati
feature of reentrance into consideration is applied. For the avoidance of local blocking, the management of sub-bottleneck is
and dispatching are taken into account, a scheduling method based on the compound priority is formed. Finally, HP-24 semic
In
order
to meet
the to
needs
of marketthe
change,
differentofmodes
of production
have
focus, the first thing should do for
used
as an
example
demonstrate
effectiveness
the proposed
method.
different
2011 IEEE.
and keeping certain inventory level should be considered first for MTS products. This paper proposed an efficient hybrid cont
considering the various needs, it calculated and controlled the amount of work-in-process to the whole product line applying
work-load-control method, and all products were divided into emergency and non-emergency sequence to research respectiv
rules, then were established release model and scheduling model for the release layer and the scheduling layer, and sequen
ranking meeting the conditions of release. Finally, it used Flexsim simulation to prove that this model can effectively solve se
production model when MTO and MTS products have different priorities,and reduce the whole system cost and improve the p
utilization. 2011 IEEE.

In the mixed-production context of make-to-stock (MTS) and make-to-order (MTO), the manufacturing system becomes more
balance of multiple objectives, including resource utilization, work in process (WIP), on-time delivery and throughput. To deal
dynamic production plannning and control (PPC) model with the hybrid of workload control (WLC) and theory of constraint (T
proposed three-tiered hierarchy construction model is relatively similar to WLC model, but the way in which the workloads ar
dramatically. The order acceptance deals with issues of order review and delivery setting in order to balance the overall reso
The
Theory of that
Constraints
is a new
approach
to production
andrelease
inven tory
management
that
has been
put forward
Eliyahu
requirements
is necessary
for on-time
delivery.
The order
deals
with issues of
release
mechanisms
andby
rules
in o
Optimized
Robert for
Fox.WIP
It isand
based
on theutilization.And
very general principles
that every
has con
strain
work to theProduction
productionTechnology)
floor that isand
necessary
resource
the scheduling
deals system
with issues
of bottlen
production
one first
exploits
and then
removes
these
constraints.
It sounds fairly
muchTrans
like aTech
statement
of LP, Sw
an
sequencingthroughput,
in order to protect
the
bottleneck
capacity
that is
necessary
for throughput.
(2012)
Publications,
similarities. However, the theory is more general, and in the context of production, where events are stochastic and sequen
LP. It is also significantly different from other approaches used in production and inventory, such as Statistical Inventory Con
The
combined
analysis of an
assembly
cell using
models
and theory-of-constraints
is the
aim of thisThis
article.
c
Planning,
and Just-in-Time,
though
it is being
usedsimulation
successfully
in conjunction
with the latter two
approaches.
talk The
will de
preparation
and an
operation
phase
which must
of the similarities
and
dif ferences
between
it andkeep
LP. the cycle time even under new product designs and demand mix. Simu
quantify the dynamic behaviour of the system under three configurations and theory-of-contraint concepts are used to illustr
the blockage of the input flows in order to guarantee the output flows. The chosen design synchronizes investments in equip
of work-in-progress and the fulfilment of cycle times. ECMS.
It is very important to improve shop production performance in manufacturing process. The main manufacturing manageme
and Drum Buffer Rope (DBR) systems. In this paper computer simulation is used to evaluate the performance of these manu
simulation model was developed to collect and analyze some key performance indexes including total system output, flow ti
invention. The optimal buffer size was found out by studying the two manufacturing systems at different capacities. The syst
with and without machine breakdowns. The simulation model provided a significant insight into the two systems and the ben
This
describes
howTrans
a case
based
on a localSwitzerland.
food processing plant was tackled with Linear Programming (LP) on a sprea
werepaper
realized.
(2012)
Tech
Publications,
Goldratts Theory of Constraints (TOC), and the insights gained both by the analysts and by the company.

Thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing process consists of three basic process stages: Array proce
process. Little previous research works are found on the problem of scheduling and control TFT-LCD Cell plant due to its spec
are concerned with the scheduling and control of Cell plants by using Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) Systems. Although the DBR sy
implemented in some manufacturing plants, the detailed design rule or applications must be customized based on the speci
requirement of different manufacturing environments. A DBR customized model for TFT-LCD Cell process is proposed in this
A
model A
is detailed
presented
here that of
shows
how flowcustomization
should be managed
a production
environment
that utilises
the Theory
of C
domain.
exploration
the required
of drumindesign
algorithm
in this method
is presented.
A real-lif
assumed
that
the system
is Markovian
(M/M/1/?)
and that
a fixed once off stipulated cost is incurred for every unit of shortag
explain the
significance
and
feasibility of
the proposed
method.
production system. The system is assumed to be capacity constrained and so traffic intensity, ?, value of less than unity is co
more generalised form of the initial model developed in Adetunji et al [1] where it was shown that it is better to control the in
environment using the optimal flow rate, a process that leads to dynamic buffering than to control it using the maximum buff
This
paper
theisimplications
of applying
the Theory
Constraints
(TOC) in
shows
that explores
when there
a positive cost
of shortage
incurredoffor
lost throughput,
the optimal flow rate should be less than w
combination
with Linear Programming to Fonterra Kapuni. The objective of the
assumed.
research was to apply the TOC to a New Zealand business in order to develop solutions
to improve its performance. Since the application of TOC was a first for the researcher
there was an additional objective, which was to gain an understanding of how to apply
IC
testing
is carried
out
thethe
make-to-order
upon theintesting
route
arrangement
according to clients' demand, withou
TOC
successfully
and
toin
test
relevance ofmode
TOC methods
the real
world.
Case
Different
testing routes
for the with
orderLinear
according
to clients'(LP)
demands
or product features. Lin et al. [8] probed into
study methodology
and are
the adopted
TOC combined
Programming
were used
that
the testing
flow for Kapuni.
each order is the same and with the logic IC testing as the object for discussion, thus the customized
and applied
to Fonterra
satisfied.
study focuses
on the
working
mode of memory
IC, and summarizes
several kinds of work flows. The tes
As a resultThis
of applying
TOC with
LP, actual
the research
highlighted
the importance
of a
different,
and there arewhich
two types
of resource
constraints
on lesson
the testing
route:
1) non-identical
parallel machines, which are
systemic perspective,
is a key
philosophy
of TOC. The
learnt
was that
a LP
Cooperation
isbe
considered
tomachines,
be very important
for
thethe
negotiation
among
autonomous
agents
in aThis
multi-agent
system
(MAS
testing
efficiency
2) burn-in
which
areto
aget
few
in numbers
and Although
have
a long
time.
study aims
to develop
model should
used
in combination
with
TOC
best results.
LP working
negotiation
in
MAS
have
provided
variety
approaches.
However,
the
case the
of scheduling.
cooperation
andpurpose
negotiation
in dealing is
with
scheduling
utilizing
the
characteristics
ofof
Drum-Buffer-Rope
and to
the
heuristic
The
of scheduling
to
would haveby
provided
solutions
for a
improvement,
TOC was required
identify
core
many
complicated
restrictions
has
not
been
thoroughly
examined.
In
this
paper,
a
Cooperative
Negotiation
Strategy
(CNS)
isD
tardiness,
make
less
the
number
of
setups,
shorten
the
flow
time
and
enhance
the
CLIP
(confirmed
line
item
performance).
problem, which the LP model alone would not have identified, to achieve significant
world
problems
such
as the
Loading,
Allocating
and
Scheduling
Problem
(LASP).
is based
on theexperiments
idea of Drum-Buffer-Rop
integrate
five to
performance
indicators
for evaluating
thethe
performance.
The
resultsCNS
of the
simulation
show that, t
improvement
Fonterra
Kapunis
performance.
While
results
of the
application
Constraints
(TOC),
heuristic
algorithms,
and
the knowledge
of skilled
workers
inrules
the real
world.
Experimental results show th
developed
by
this
study
haswill
better
performance
than
conventional
dispatching
(e.g.
SPT, EDD).
were important,
this
paper
specifically
focus
on the
implications
of
applying
TOC
The
Theory
of
Constraints
has
been
under
development
for
around
20
years,
and
now
presents
a body of knowledge and a fr
for
relaxing
the
conflicts
among
agents
and
excluding
deadlock
states.
in combination with LP.
complementary to traditional OR/MS approaches. Like OR in its infancy, it was developed for practical rather than theoretica
presented in a form that appeals to a wide range of readers. It could be argued that this makes TOC better suited than OR/M
managerially oriented courses, such as MBA programmes. Based on the experiences of the author in OR/MS and TOC, in pra
paper suggests a number of ways in which TOC can be used to enhance traditional OR/MS approaches in a variety of courses
citation
only solving /decision making, operations management, and quality and continuous improvement approaches, in m
with
problem
at both graduate and undergraduate level.

The ability of rapid response has become more and more as a competitive advantage for enterprises in the modern market.
realized without an advanced methodology been applied in the present manufacturing environment which demands the prod
products at reasonable costs due to globalization, mass customization, supply chain management efficiencies and just-in-tim
shorter production lead time, and customer demand uncertainty. Although the TOC approach has been successfully been app
there are still some problems remains. This paper introduces a new TOC method proposed by Eli Schragenheim named S-DB
Rope) which used to deal with the problems that appears in traditional TOC implementations, and few examples has been us
methodology. 2008 IEEE.

The paper begins with discussion on Aspect-Oriented programming (AOP), including its concept, thought, development, and
crosscutting concerns, followed by description of the theory of constraints. Furthermore, combined AOP with first-order logic
detection of the business constraints in requirement analysis is presented, which is simple and practicable, thus making opti
software robustness.

This paper describes a new method on determining the optimal size of the buffer, which is used to accommodate disruptions
provide maximum throughput of the production system. The new method is based on thoroughly considering seven factors t
determination of the stock buffer under multi-product. Furthermore, to validate the proposed buffer determination model, an
simulation model is also developed. 2006 IEEE.

Cooperative behavior is considered to be very Important for the negotiation among autonomous agents in a multi-agent syst
cooperation, each agent must make some necessary concessions in the competition of limited resources. In this paper, an A
Multi-agent Model (ACMAM) is proposed for solving the conflicts among agents competitions. ACMAM is based oil the idea of
System (ADS) and Druin-Buffer-Rope (DBR) presented in the Theory Of Constraints (TOC). In ACMAM each agent is considere
cooperative, and they do not only compete resources for reaching its own goal but also make concession for subordinating th
This
paper
is intended
to be
give
an approximation
to the Theory
of Constraints
(TOC), to
achieve
that
we explain
the conc
system's
constraint,
can
improved
by the cooperative
negotiation
of autonomous
agents
and
thegoal
concessive
behaviors
of
process,
flow
management
and later
on the
we concessive
will focus onbehavior
its application
into
as DBR (Drum-Buffer
discussesthe
that
when
and how agents
adopt
by using
anproduction,
example ofalso
real known
world systems
called Loadin
academic
environment is that TOC techniques produce results that are feasible but not always optimal. Although defenders o
Problem (LASP).
results are very elegant but need to reduce or eliminate variability of systems, while TOC is an appropriate method to work w
the real one. Anyway, this creates a gap relative to production programming and sequencing, establishment of batch sizes, m
In
this
study, a literature
papers)
on
the
comparison
between
the Theory
of Constraints
(TOC) 2010.
and Lean Manufact
and
determination
of the review
optimal(33
product
mix.
IFIP
International
Federation
for Information
Processing
Comparisons between both approaches are rarely addressed in the literature of Production and Management, and there is no
topic. According to the literature review, a classification system is proposed based on four parameters: article source, resear
comparison results. After the articles' classification using the classification system proposed, an analysis of the topic was per
the number of papers that address a broad comparison between the Theory of Constraints and Lean Manufacturing is predom
This
presents approach
a model of
productive
capacity
management
for manufacturing
systems
by combining
the concepts
o
claimresearch
that a particular
excels
in a specific
situation.
It is worth
noting that there
are a number
of articles
that argue
and
(TPM).
Theaimed
main objective
of this paper
is to the
propose
a model
of capacity
management
theirTotal
toolsProductive
are in factMaintenance
complementary
or are
at their integration.
Finally,
literature
review
indicated
that it is not to
po
questions:
i) whatiscapacity
should be
and how
to measure
them
measure
the productive capacity
approaches/tools
the bestindicators
because despite
theconsidered
predominance
of articles
arguing
thattothe
TOC /Drum-Buffer-Rope
stands of
ou
is
the real where
capacity
of the
production system examined
before aTherefore,
certain ratio
between capacity
market of
demand?
The dis
situations
Lean
Manufacturing/Kanban
is also prevalent.
is necessary
a properand
evaluation
each company
model
is relevant
to the
extent
that the
of productive
capacity
enables
management
of resources and capab
it possible
to carefully
select
a single
or definition
a hybrid approach
in order
to achieve
thebetter
expected
return.
This
article and
aimsmeeting
to promote
a comparative
analysis
between
accounting
information
systems
the light Income
of the litI
scheduling
the demands
imposed
by the
market.two
This
study presents
a proposition
of(CIS),
usingin
Operating
Constraints
(Theoryfrom
of ConstraintsTOC) and Activity
Based
Management
Activity
BasedbyManagement)
under
the
thre
different approach
that of the traditional
literature
that deals
with the(ABM
theme,
presented
Nakajima (1988).
The
surve
verify
perform
the functionthe
of productive
an information
system
itself.
Motivated
by impact
the emergence
of many SIC
that promise
to ad
modelthat
capable
of determining
capacity
of the
system
and the
on the productive
capacity
of the whole
for
making,
the aim ofthat
thisoccur
work after
was to
highlight
the resource
inherent aspects
and features
the decision
quality of
nonconformities
the
bottleneck
of production
flow. of each. Methodological aspects
that seeks to explain and discuss the theme, together with a comparative analysis. Structurally, a literature review on the In
In
this paper,
we apply
design science
tackle
the resource
allocation
problem faced
by a home
care initiative
performed,
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)methodology
and Activity to
Based
Management
(ABM).
The comparison
procedure
is parameterized
Combining
problem-solving
Theory-of-Constraints
principles,
wereach.
develop
a Demand-Based
Replenishment
Syst
(purpose, effectiveness
and methods
success) with
in order
to observe points as
scope and
Meanwhile,
the research
seeks to identif
allocation
and
scheduling
principles
aimed
care resources
effectively.
Several implementations
of th
the relevant
differences
between
these
SIC.atInmanaging
general, ithome
was concluded
somemore
similarities
and differences
between the TOC
while
real- restrictions
life systemsor
are
difficult to change,
pre-requirement,
and post-intervention
show
thatthey
system
effectiveness
demonstr
with some
noncompliance
with any
meet the analyses
purpose for
which
propose
effectively
and with
In addition to the specific problem of home-care, we also explore the more general contributions that these kinds of design s
The
outcomes
Lean
improvement
projects
have
been
variable,
with some being
successful
while others
have
not.marginal
Accordin
could
produce.of
This
is an
important issue
given
that
the role
of problem-solving
research
and design
science
is still
potential
explanation
for this equivocal
paradox that
develop
depending
on the focus
of the
Called the
management
(OM) literature.
Exploring state
ways is
toageneralize
the can
research
results
could provide
avenues
for project.
further developme
projects
where the
is on maximizing
the efficiency of just a particular resource (resource efficiency), its efficiency wil
design science
into focus
mainstream
OM.
overcome this paradox, the aim should be to achieve flow efficiency, where the focus is on the subject of interest being pro
in the most efficient manner. While there is general appreciation of this paradox, it is not clear as to how this arises and wha
There
are many
flow
shop
problems
of throughput
by aFSPT)
withstudy
constraints
ofLean
due date
in real production
planning
To understand
how
the
efficiency
paradox
arise, we(denoted
conducted
detailed
of eight
improvement
projects in
two la
paper,
a decomposition
coordination
algorithm
is proposed
on the analysis
andthe
under
the support
TOC
Our analysis
of the case and
projects
shows that
when the
emphasisbased
is on constraints
that of
areFSPT
within
boundary
of the of
defined
shop
is at perspective
first decomposed
intodominant.
two subsystems
PULL and
PUSH
by meansisofon
bottleneck.
Then
decb
efficiency
becomes
On thenamed
other hand,
when
the emphasis
constraints
thatthe
aresubsystem
external toisthe
scheduling
so the original
problem can
be transferred
a serial
of single machine
proble
system thenproblems,
a flow efficiency
view is NP-HARD
taken. In addition,
we identified
a set into
of four
key conditions
that mayoptimization
be connected
to t
reduces
the service
computational
and has
been resource
used in a intensity
real project
these being
variety,complexity,
interdependency,
capital
andsuccessfully.
service uniqueness. These key elements are com
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)
is considered
a promising
approach
to material
flow control.
Successful
applications
implem
four
propositions
that can
guide
practitioners
in adapting
Lean practices
to achieve
the desired
outcomes
in moreare
certain
an
production
includes
fixed capacity
bottlenecks
. However,
key
limitations
in many production
companies are
the floating
cap
incorporation
of a constraints
management
view,
this study
advance
the knowledge
on Lean applications
in variant
contexts
workplaces or devices that tend to become bottlenecks depending on the portfolio of products processed. These bottlenecks
applying the relatively simple TOC principles and tools. Putting them into practice is limited especially by the lack of knowled
procedures for analysis and identification of floating bottlenecks. The paper presents possible ways to elimination of mention
Citation only
capacity
calculations and computer simulation.

Manufacturing of ship piping systems is one of the major production activities in shipbuilding. The schedule of pipe productio
on the master schedule of shipbuilding. In this research, the ITOC concept was introduced to solve the scheduling problems o
intelligent scheduling system was developed. The system, in which a product model, an operation model, a factory model, a
piping production were integrated, automated the planning process and production scheduling. Details of the above points w
application of the system in a piping factory, which achieved a higher level of performance as measured by tardiness, lead ti
demonstrated.

This study aimed to present the robustness evaluation of job-shop scheduling based on Theory of Constraints (TOC) concept
demand variations using simulation technique. The performance of schedule based on TOC and traditional method (minimizi
terms of schedule robustness and performance. Simulation test scenarios were carried out by applying different distributions
case problems as single and double bottlenecks cases. In addition, demand variation was added to the simulation test at the
the system variation. The results showed that the schedule based on TOC concept was superior to the schedule from traditio
Traditional
methodstime
ignore
enterprise
capacity,
the paper system
dependwas
on the
specific
case in as
enterprise
variation inplanning
both processing
andthe
demand
wereproduction
increased and
the production
more
complicated
can be o
Production
Scheduling
System which applies Drum-Buffer-Rope theory. This system proposes the high output, low work in pro
double bottlenecks
case.
the goals, considering the bottleneck resource as well as providing the master production plan with the bottleneck resource,
simulation optimization software-Simio to optimize the bottleneck process scheduling and raise the utilization ratio of bottlen
Tech Publications, Switzerland.
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) has changed the shape of manufacturing. Small closely held companies have seen the large
improvement in profits. The success of TOC in larger companies has been relegated mostly to the manufacturing organizatio
understanding of TOC by marketing, finance, management and other functional organizations has prevented large companie
profits. Harris Semiconductor has been using TOC for two years and is using a holistic approach to TOC. In order to maximize
has brought marketing, finance, management and other organizations into the TOC process. In addition to the manufacturing
This
paper presents
the utilization
of a financial
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(D-B-R)
system perception
within a wafer
fabrication
facility, based
on Theory
emphasized
management
constraints,
metrics and
marketing's
of product
profitability.
While Harris
is sti
These
techniques,
in the book
entitled 'The
Goal' written by Dr. Eli Goldratt, focus on constraint management and
initial results
have described
shown significant
improvement
in profitability
This paper will focus on the tools utilized within the production work areas to effectively manage product mix, inventory leve
The Electronic Buffer Screen, designed and created by Harris Semiconductor, will be the primary focus around effective utiliz
and interaction with on-line production personnel. Self-managed work teams, at Harris Semiconductor in Mountaintop, Penns
Predictable
output
performance
thatcontinuous
maximizesimprovement
asset utilization
the cornerstone
of successful
volume
Management
techniques
to ensure
andiscustomer
satisfaction.
Local results
will manufacturing.
be identified to The
sup
(Goldratt,
1985)
useswithin
the principles
of manufacturing
covariance andprocess.
dependent
events
to describe
how equipment
or operations
that
domi
of the D-B-R
system
a complex
Results
include
improvement
in throughput,
inventory
control,
should be managed. In practice, the `true constraint' is elusive and is seldom the designed constraint. This paper introduces
equipment performance management methodology called A80 which focuses on equipment or operation performance variab
improve the `true constraint' performance. The A80 methodology, initially developed at Intel's Fab 10 facility and subsequen
This
paper gives
an overview
of advanced
and dispatching
policies
for WIPof(work
in process)
management
within
mm facilities,
rejects
the traditional
use of scheduling
average availability
as a primary
indicator
equipment
performance
and capacit
process.
cons offails
general
WIP control
philosophies
are
Several
control policies
are
evaluat
indicationAdditionally,
of stability, the
andpros
thusand
invariably
to prompt
the correct
response
toopposed.
performance
inconsistencies.
This
paper
de
complex
make-to-order
such
ASICand
production.
Based
on thetoreal
shop
floor
SMST and
and methods
developedenvironment
in Fab 10 and
usesasdata
case study
materials
show
how
theenvironment
methodologyofisPhilips
successfully
app
policies a proposal is presented answering the following two questions: what are the requirements of tomorrow's WIP control
order wafer fabrication and how can these control policies be implemented and introduced on the shop floor using existing W
The theory of constraints (TOC) is becoming a new paradigm in the semiconductor industry. Most practical uses of TOC are fo
systems?
visit to the fabrication process such as typical job shop linear lines. Applying TOC to constraints with multiple steps has been
handle a semiconductor shop-floor. This restriction to constraints with only one visit limits TOC potential in semiconductor en
present a methodology developed to allow for the use of the TOC philosophy in fab lines with more than one product flow an
bottleneck in each product flow. This method consists of dividing each process sequence in segments, where each segment
In
the paper,
there
presented
the visit
practical
application
ofOnce
the modelling
andof
simulation
in managing
and planning
of machi
bottleneck
and
has is
only
that single
to the
bottleneck.
the capacity
the bottleneck
is split between
the visits,
eac
described
principles
and
stagesisof
the production
system
improvement
with the theory
of constraints
(TOC)
illustrated
b
independent
line. The
method
suitable
to be used
in a production
environment
on a shift
to shift basis
andand
allows
throughp
the
whole production line, which aim was the bottleneck determining, and the analysis of operations, which are realized in th
bottlenecks
in this analyse was focused on the problem of the production setup. Exchange of tools and reconversion of production device
product are non value added activities. It means activities, which we should limit. There is presented, that with use of simula
The
changing
business
environment
which manufacturers
acting
the need
effective production proce
different
variants
of possible
ways ofin
machines
setup and toare
choose
thecreates
best process
runfor
formore
realization
control methods that are able to deal with uncertainties inherent in internal processes and external deliveries. The aim of the
multiagent approach method for production planning, scheduling and control applicable in conditions of supply chain (SC) ab
of standard MRP/ERP systems in changing environment. Traditional approaches very often do not consider the influence of un
production processes and supplies. Therefore, there is a need for the integration of manufacturing process planning, schedul
The
traditional
simplified
buffer rope
(SDBR)
does not
consider the
application
of re-entrant
flow shop
(RFS) inthe
a random
generating
more
realistic drum
and effective
plans.
Conceptual
framework
for the
multiagent
approach method
involves
hybrid
involve
variable
processing
times
and
machine
breakdowns.
This
papertoproposed
a weighted
layer production
buffer
we
advantages
of MRP
simple logic
and
theory
of constrains
(TOC)
ability
synchronize
all production
and material
flowand
in supp
monitor
the status
of the
buffermonitoring
deviation when
applying
RFS with
non-deterministic
parameters.
The buffer
status
how application
of TOC
buffers
procedures
canSDBR
help in
to aimprove
the
control of synchronized
production
and mater
urgency
and actual urgency
to estimate the influence of overall accumulated machine downtime and the influence of actual
2009 Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg.
capacity-constrained-resource (CCR) at different layers . A dispatching rule, called SDBR_D Reentry , was applied to decide th
In
Air Force,
all enlisted
and Corporals
tothe
USAF
ranks feature.
from Airman
Basic toRFS
Senior
bythe
theBrazilian
buffer status
deviation
of eachSoldiers
CCR machine
with the(corresponding
consideration of
re-entry
A simulated
wasAirma
desig
their
uniforms
from ours)
their assigned,
respective
free
ofeffectiveness
charge. An important
portion of
theexperimental
uniform s distributio
methods
(including
were applied
in orderorganizations,
to demonstrate
the
of our approach.
The
results s
the
Brazilian Air Force
Intendancy
This organization
the uniform
and performs
selet
six performance
indexes
related toCentral
the dueDepot
date, (ICD).
our approach
has bettercarries
performance
than inventory
the other three
methodsthe
when
activities,
the guidance
of the
of Supply. increases
ICD process
performance
proportionfollowing
of multi-reentrant
orders
andSub-directorate
when the CCR utilization
from
60 to 90%. data for the peak distribution se
collected and analyzed. Several indications of inefficiencies became apparent, exemplified by a high number of late and part
Abstract
available
in "The World
of theofTheory
of Constraints"
study
applied
fundamental
principles
Lean Thinking,
Statistical Process Control and the Theory of Constraints to identify p
improvement. Through statistical analyses, a simulation effort and capacity analysis, the negative impacts of variability thro
assessed and several types of waste were recognized. Potential solutions to address the problems identified were suggested
research
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

citation only

In this paper, we have proposed a new hybrid approach for calculating productivity in production environments. To do that, d
production system which is one of the well-developed production planning methodologies in theory of constraints, has been
productivity calculation is based on the effectiveness of equipment separately, the goal of DBR production system is to balan
the terms of bottleneck. On the other hand, the importance of this research is that traditional approaches focus on productiv
separately meanwhile, bottleneck of each process should be the most importance level in production systems. In fact, imple
Despite
an increasing
body of literature
that attempts
to explain
emergencycalculation.
department
(ED) crowding
and mathematical
ambulance diver
system caused
to be determined
more accurate
decision
after productivity
Moreover,
since any
de
minimal
emphasis
on applying
operational
management
strategies
to the
address
root system
cause. Not
exist in the
DBR system
and thefundamental
focus of DBR
system is based
on decision
makers,
fuzzythe
expert
has surprisingly,
been propos
published
lasting
success
in decreasing
diversionproduction
times. Thesystem,
Theory of
Constraints
(TOC) isisaprovide
corne
index withreports
regardsoftosignificant
the DBRsand
inputs.
Finally,
to illustrate
the developed
a numerical
example
management. It seeks to identify a constraining or bottleneck resource in a production or supply chain (ie, workflow).

In this paper we study the operating behaviour and performance of reliable, unpaced and unbalanced serial production lines
service time means, unequal coefficients of variation, or uneven buffer capacities. The lines were simulated with various valu
storage size, degree of imbalance, coefficient of variation, along with a number of imbalance configurations. The primary me
time and average buffer level. Output data from the discrete event simulation of such lines under their steady-state mode of
using a set of statistical methods. Various relationships between the independent and response variables, rankings of config
A
session
involving
ten obtained.
person team
working
withinout
a simplified
factory to arrangement
produce a pro
with
balanced
lines a
were
For has
the been
meanconducted
processingwhich
timesinclude
imbalance,
it turned
that a bowl-shaped
chips.
Theand
volunteers
are to run
thelevels
factory
under
Manufacturing
Planning As
(MRPII)
andthe
Drum
Buffer Rope
(DBR) it
sch
amounts
lower average
buffer
than
those
of a balancedResource
line counterpart.
regards
variability
imbalance,
w
different
impacts
workplace stress,
and on-time
shipment.decreasing
This paperorder,
records
some
the
discoveries
volunteered
configurations
areon
respectively,
a bowl profit
allocation
and a monotone
with
the of
first
resulting
in decreased
idleb
Poker
Chip
Factorybuffer
experiences,
discusses
some
of the recognized
withsize
MRPII,
highlights
how DBR addresses
some
to lower
average
levels than
those of
a balanced
line. As farproblems
as the buffer
imbalance
is concerned,
it was conclude
gives
insight into
Poker that
Chip generate
Factory operations.
advantageous
patterns
lower idle times and average buffer levels as compared to a balanced line are to respe
The
theory
of constraints
(TOC)
states
that the along
outputthe
of buffers
any realand
system
is limited
by buffer
its constraint.
such, the
way
to
available
buffer
capacity as
evenly
as possible
to allocate
more
capacityAs
towards
the only
end of
the
performance is to identify and improve the performance of its constraints. The TOC -based business planning model integrat
and manufacturing) planning activities with a strategic (long-range) planning process. TOC 's three paradigms: logistics, thro
process provides the necessary tools and techniques to successfully utilize this integrated business planning model.
citation only

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

No abstract

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

citation only

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Many successful TOC implementations have been done in "typical" manufacturing operations. Some implementations have a
sector. One implementation area that has been largely ignored is the field of health care. This presentation details effort at a
for-profit medical practice. The UnDesirable Effects (UDEs) of the current mode of operation are identified. The system const
the detailed analysis of the practice are highlighted, and the proposed implementation plan is summarized. This case study p
opportunity for the attendee to learn how the concepts of the Theory of Constraints can be applied outside of the strict produ
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

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The paper by CEPIM, Jonah's Jonah Raymond Hansen, PhD looks at reasons for failure in TOC implementation such as: lack o
giving up old behaviour not questioning invalid assumptions unsuccessful teams or leadership not giving it time and/or using
also provides a four faceted implementation process to overcome roadblocks: analysis solutions empowerment and coaching
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

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The TOC (Theory Of Constraint) Supply Chain Replenishment System (TOC-SCRS) is a replenishment method of the TOC supp
being implemented by a growing number of companies. The performance reported by the implemented companies includes
lead-time and transportation costs and increasing forecast accuracy and customer service levels. In application of the TOC-S
chain, the replenishment frequency and replenishment lead time are the two required parameters. Generally, the replenishm
depends on the public transportation schedule such as ship schedules or its private conveyor schedule. If this node is a plan
Abstract available
"The
the Theory
Constraints"
frequency
dependsinon
the World
set upoffrequency
in of
this
plant. However, when the frequency in a plant is determined to be prolon
lower frequency, in the set up frequency migration process, some goods will be confronted with inventory shortage for their
postponed. A methodology is therefore proposed in this paper to release the inventory shortage impact for prolonged replen
A numeric case and a sensitivity analysis are also utilized to evaluate the application of the proposed method. Employing thi
facilitate a plant or a central warehouse to successfully implement an effective TOC-SCRS.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

At the 1995 Bobbin Show, demands for agile manufacturing will be met head-on, as suppliers of unit production systems (UP
that make their systems more productive and flexible than ever. Steven McLendon, executive VP for Eton Systems Inc., says
continuous replenishment of hot items - they want to reorder what sold this weekend and have it in stock ready to sell next w
response challenge, Eton Systems will introduce the latest enhancement to its SOFT UPS, which has been upgraded in versio
buffer calling process, including the ability to implement Theory of Constraints management.
citation only

Since the production is aimed at fulfilling specific needs of demanding customers and not at filling warehouses, the productio
volume of orders. In times of fight for the client every order has to be performed on time. What is more, in times of fight for
meeting safe deadlines, that is distant in time, is not enough. Companies are forced to meet short deadlines with keeping th
competitiveness condition. It is hardly possible without a advanced planning support system. Currently, advanced planning s
however their cost exceeds the possibilities of small and medium enterprises and algorithms used often require great custom
This
article covers
the and
issues
of processproduction.
splitting analysis
and their lead
introduction
in for
optimization
algorithmsThe
for methods
formationused
of c
and conditions
of unit
small-batch
Such conditions
to a need
simplified methods.
metallurgical
enterprise,
which
allows
additional
for the companys
profit growth
and
creatingscale
conditions
finding the global
optimum
of such
bigrevealing
data ranges.
For thisreserves
reason computer
tools for applying
to the
industrial
are ne
basis on the data so far collected in ERP system.

This paper studies the effects of learning and forgetting on a two-stage production system and the position of a potential bot
start with developing a model for a two-stage serial production system where semi-finished items are fed by the first stage t
turn, processes the items to their final state. The finished items are transferred either to a subsequent stage or to customers
both stages of the production system considered are subject to learning and forgetting effects. Learning quickens the produc
is gained (i. e. , when the number of repetitions increases), while forgetting has the opposite effect when production is interm
This
paper
proposed breaks).
a heuristic
basedhow
on due-dates
for a stretch
machineand
scheduling
problem
in the influence
plane manufa
lost over
production
Thealgorithm
paper studies
different values
of the learning
forgetting
parameters
the
Programming
incorporated
the due-dates
of jobs,capacity
availability
of that
stretch
machines,
and setting
up tim
of both stagesmodel
and the
flow of material
in the system.
The resultsof
ofoven,
the paper
indicate
learning
may cause
a bottleneck
this
problem
was to This
minimize
the when
make-span
of all slower
jobs onstage
stretch
machines
by scheduling.
Tostage
guarantee
the due-dates
of di
production
system.
happens
an initially
overtakes
a previously
faster
over time
due to a highe
the
of bottleneck
resource
(i.e., stretch
machine
in provides
this paper)
must be considered.
Because
of the
computational
thusefficiency
contributes
to the literature
on moving
bottlenecks
and
practitioners
with a model
that helps
predicting
where
this
paper developed
a heuristic
approach.
Computational
experiences
indicated
that the heuristic
highInc.
quality
solution
production
system, and
which enables
the system
to flexibly
react to moving
bottlenecks.
(C) 2013gave
Elsevier
All rights
res
A
novel
method
is developed
to design the capacity buffer for critical equipments in a production system with unexpected m
time
over
standard
IP algorithms.
assist the staff to control the fluctuation in production schedule. Specifically, the processes of urgent mission arrival and proc
analyze the regulation and features. A graphic model is established to reflect the transformation between production nodes.
calculate the capacity buffer and a case is conducted to verify the feasibility and applicability feasibility of the method. (2
Switzerland.
Considering the complexity and uncertainty of production planning in large manufacturing enterprise, hierarchical planning a
solution to overcome the difficulty of scheduling both in long term and short term. Choosing a discrete task-oriented manufa
a hierarchical planning and scheduling model is developed, which consists of key resource leveling, detailed operation sched
The upper level optimizes the bottleneck resource allocation based on aggregate networks of product, to make a feasible lon
schedule is then generated in medium level, using more detailed network the schedule is finally executed in bottom level, w
The
characteristics
electrical
appliances
the
current
existing
problems
and difficulties
product
are pointed
scheduling
strategyof
towaste
eliminate
the plan
error. Toand
solve
the
model,
the universal
aggregate
task network
model
and theout.
algoT
effective
output
a measure
of enterprise
logistics
standard,
is established
using
theoryinof
constrains. The corres
researched.
The as
simulation
result
demonstrated
thatcapability
the hierarchical
method
is valid and
valuable
practice.
and the parameters in the model is set. Through converting multiple objective program problems to target problems, and us
calculate the examples results, and WITNESS software is used to simulate the real environment network operation.

This paper investigates the photolithography area scheduling problem in wafer fabrication system, with the objective of simu
multiple performance measures. It has been known that photolithography area is usually the bottleneck work center of a wa
problem in this area plays a significant role in improving the performance of the fab. Most studies of this problem have been
objective. Therefore an approach for composite dispatching rule design is proposed to tackle this problem with multiple obje
dispatching rule is a linear combination of several elementary dispatching rules with relative weights. Results demonstrate t
The
process of composites
is characterized
byto
reentrance,
capacity
time
constraints.
Its scheduling
rule autoclave
achieved amoulding
great improvement
on every objective,
compared
the performance
of and
single
elementary
dispatching
rule.
and production cycle of composites. Scheduling methods in the existing literature can't meet the requirements of its schedul
improving utilization and reducing energy consumption of autoclave, based on the Theory of Constraints, a heuristic algorith
and time constraints is proposed to solve the scheduling problem, and priority scheduling rules are established. The studying
effectiveness of the algorithm.

This paper examines in detail the relative utility of the Theory of Constraints compared to traditional management accountin
utilisation in aiding decisionmaking. It also considers the propagation and evolution of the Theory of Constraints and criticall
has generated in the accounting and management literature. The continuing survival of cost accounting in the face of freque
Goldratts may in part be due to the ability of the discipline to adapt its practices to integrate the mandated improvements i
curricula. One example is the Theory of Constraints itself (e.g. Horngren et al (1999) and Morse & Zimmerman (1997)). The p
Abstract
"The
World of the
of Constraints"
by which available
new ideasinare
assimilated
intoTheory
the conventional
management wisdom based on this example.

This study presents a simulation-based procedure to identify bottleneck station(s) related to Theory of Constraints (TOC). Bo
by running simulation model of existing system to collect data of the utilization of each machine/process and the time betwe
each machine/process. Three factors, the machine/process utilization, the process utilization factor () and the product bottl
identify potential bottleneck candidates. The real bottleneck must come from the process that has high value of two factors
machine/process and the utilization factor and low value for the bottleneck rate. The simulation is used again to evaluate the
Theory
(TOC)
suggestsIfthe
application of in
demand-pull
combined
with
buffer
to effective
capacityofofConstraint
a bottleneck
candidate.
no improvement
throughputapproach
is observed,
then the
station
is management
not a bottleneck
and the
initial
target
buffer size,
the timing
to adjust
the buffer
and
the to
amount
of size
be adjusted
are major
managerial
decision
the other
bottleneck
candidate.
Numerical
examples
are
given
illustrate
the to
proposed
procedure
in both
case of single
bot
demand-pull
approach
can be successfully
applied
in practice. However, there exist few studies that discuss the determinatio
bottlenecks.
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg
2007.
management in depth. Therefore, we constructed a decision support system (DSS) to assist users in finding applicable param
pull replenishment combined with buffer management. This DSS provides two modules: the search-of-parameter and the spe
Abstract available in module
"The World
of the
Theory
ofthe
Constraints"
search-of-parameter
allows
users
to set
desired range of each strategic parameter to be simulated. Based on the
automatically generates various combinations of the strategic parameters and provides one simulation run for each combina
module only simulates one specific combination of parameters assigned and provides a more detail graphical display for the
also provides various charts for users to analyze the performance of a specific combination of parameters. To demonstrate th
use a set of historical data for an integrated circuits (IC) product provided by a wafer foundry in Taiwan. From the results in t
Every
systemcontrol
has itswill
constraints.
Ever since
Goldratt
actionsproduction
to the inventory
be suggested.
2010
IEEE. presented the theory of constraints in the mid 80s a lot of e
the best methods for constraint identification and ways to minimize the constraints in order to gain higher capacity in produc
presented is Simulation-based COnstraint Removal (SCORE). The SCORE method has been proved to be more effective and d
and sorting of the constraints when compared with other bottleneck detection methods (Pehrsson 2013). The work in this ba
focused on applying the method to a complex production system in order to further explore the SCORE methods ability to id
The Buffer is to
theincrease
part of the
thatof
precedes
the Drum.
When we keep
the Drum
beating
continuously,
we maximize
opportunities
the process
throughput
a production
system.NorthStar
Battery
Company
(NSB)
wishes to perform
a bottlt
there
are delays,
and to
money
and opportunity
forever
The purpose
theBy
Buffer
is the
to keep
themethod,
Drum filled
in the eve
optimization
in order
find improvements
to are
increase
thelost.
throughput
with of
10%.
using
SCORE
improvement
wrong
(which
happens)
m die
repair
process.for
This
way,
the to
Drum
doesn't
skipthe
a beat.
In orderoftosimulation-based
produce maximuo
meet the
goalsinevitably
of NSB was
identified.
It also
facilitated
the
author
further
exploit
possibilities
make
sure through
the Drum
producing
constantly.building
Smail's a
process
doesn't event
look much
different
today
thanproduction
it did two line
years
ago.
TOC
extraction
the
SCORE method.By
valid discrete
simulation
model
of the
and
use
it fo
real
difference
lies in fully
understanding
the thinking
process
in TOC
. TOC
hasofsimply
changedneeded
everything.
Sma
knowledge
extraction,
it was
possible to identify
the top
three involved
constraints
and the
level
improvement
in theAsconstr
Abstract
in "The
World
ofTOC
the Co
Theory
of Constraints"
grow
it isavailable
utilizing
the
tools
within
evolve
tothe
thethroughput
next level. of
TOC
a true evolutionary
process
that will deliver
identified
improvements
could
potentially
increase
theisproduction
line by 10-15
percent.The
project results
was d
executed
consistently.
As business
this battery
evolution,
Smailhas
is anticipating
its next
TOC continued
strategy. The
Future
Reality Tre
finishing part
of the production
linecontinues
and only one
variant
been included.
Through
work
and analysis
of
with
processes.
Smail
is working
on elastic
capacity
TOCthe
forthroughput
services. TOC
willproduction
help the company
develop
ondeinand
c
method
it will most
likely
be possible
to even
furtherwithin
increase
of the
system and
to provide
NSB w
allow
it to respond
to its market
in real-time,
much like an emergency service.
opportunities
to enhance
their production
effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to establish factors affecting management of public funds set for development projects in loca
focused on the management of Local Authority Transfer Fund (LATF), which is a Kenyan Government fund. This study investig
government policy, leadership style, capacity of implementation and monitoring and evaluation on the management of the L
literature review explored various theories within the ambit of the above variables. This was in a bid to anchor our study to e
theories. The study was carried out in duration of six months. It adopted a descriptive research design as this design helps to
Abstract available
in "The
of the Theory
Constraints"
phenomena
at hand.
Data World
was collected
using of
structured
questionnaire and analyzed using quantitative methods. The quest
the sample which comprised of 63 employees who were solely concerned with LATF programs within the eight local authoriti
Kenya. The data was collected and edited. Each questionnaire was inspected to ensure completeness, comprehensiveness a
data was then tabulated and coded to be analyzed using SPSS program. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential
generated were tabulated, interpreted and conclusions drawn. The results indicated that government policies, leadership s
Abstract availablemonitoring
in "The World
the Theory
of Constraints"
implementation,
and of
evaluation
affect
the management of LATF programs carried out by Local Authorities in the

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

No abstract

No abstract

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

The Theory of Constraints (TOC), of E. Goldratt, encloses an unfulfilled promise, that of the redemption of the American man
the reason of its quick success, but also the cause of its subsequent decadence. The paper analyses the success of the TOC
framework provided by theories about fads and fashions in management, and concludes that TOC is well adapted to the eco
the USA in the eighties, but remains ill-suited for the tendencies affecting modern societies and organisations in the long run
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

This simulation study compares three operational measures of performance through the exploration of three work-in-process
systems and their associated inventory buffer characteristics, The three drive systems under study are a push, a pull and a h
While these systems have many aspects in common, their buffer management systems do not. The data analysis was based
from three computer-simulated now shop assembly lines all operating in the same environment. Hypotheses concerning the
measurements were established, independent variables were controlled and manipulated and a conclusion was drawn as to
A
study
of top-ranked,
globalinventory
MBA programs
suggests that
management
communication
is indeed
both
the
operation
optimumfull-time,
results. While
has traditionally
been
considered and
is currently being
shown
asan
animporta
asset fr
the
curriculum.
The
methods
of delivery,
however,
do not
seem
toinventory,
follow anyabove
particular
model, such
as the common
U. S. pra
view,
it is obvious
from
the findings
of this
study, that
excess
WIP
the minimal
requirements
for production
or
Required
courses are
found at 10 of the 24 schools, including two at 2 schools. Elective communication cours
on department.
the operational
measurements
evaluated.
and related courses, those with a communication component, appear at all but 1 school. Communication is perceived as bein
management development and global leadership, as opposed to a skill that could be assessed via testing or other assessme
Abstract
available
in "The World
of the
Theory
of Constraints"
time,
global
MBA programs
suggests
that
management
communication is indeed both an important focus and component in
of delivery, however, do not seem to follow any particular model, such as the common U. S. practice of a separate program o
courses are found at 10 of the 24 schools, including two at 2 schools. Elective communication courses are offered at 8 schoo
with a communication component, appear at all but 1 school. Communication is perceived as being an integral part of overa
and global leadership, as opposed to a skill that could be assessed via testing or other assessment.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to improve the productivity of a large-sized frozen chicken manufacturer in Thailand. I
process based on work study principles and identifies the bottleneck operation. It develops three models for the chicken prep
Design/methodology/approach - First, analyse the current production system by collecting the cycle time of all operations in
on work study principles. Then, design the production network and identify the bottleneck operation. After that, three metho
(LB), theory of constraints, and JIT concepts or ECRS (eliminate, combine, rearrange and simplify) - are proposed and implem
Abstract
available
in "The- World
of the
Theory
of Constraints"
production
line. Findings
With the
ECRS
concept,
the authors implement combine by combining two stations into one statio
weighing, or weighing batter and mixing it with chicken. Then, Simplify is implemented at job E, or transporting chicken usin
This method can improve the cycle time and reduce the number of employees. It can increase the line efficiency by up to 94
number of employees by 14 persons, and reduce the labour cost by 356,160 baht/year. Originality/value - Most agro-industry
are labour intensive. Thus, production LB can help increase productivity and reduce costs. The authors found that the case s
The
article discusses
thealigning
Six Sigma,
lean
thinking
and network.
the Theory
of Constraints
(TOC) and
its made
applications
to the manufactur
production
line without
it with
the
production
A simple
improvement
can be
by adjusting
the sequen
refers
to theproduction
ability of manufacturing
processes
to produce
outputconcept
with specification
it is based
the belief
that fo
the current
line was not lean.
Implementation
ofhigh
the ECRS
to improve and
production
canon
reduce
the waiting
process and business problems. Also known as lean manufacturing, lean thinking refers to a production process that focuses
resources for any goal. Another method is TOC which is aimed at guiding human-based organizations.

The objective of any company is to make money. Theory of constraints (TOC) is a continuous improvement tool that lets you
common sense, to make sure that your objective is realized. This presentation will give a brief description of TOC , covering
drum/buffer/rope, subordinating other services and employee work ethic. I will go through our planning and implementation
as our first constraints and what we did about them. Results to date are the development of a simple scheduling system tha
customers expectations while reducing costs.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Semiconductor manufacturing (SM) system is one of the most complicated hybrid processes involved continuously variable d
discrete event dynamical systems. The optimization and scheduling of semiconductor fabrication has long been a hot resear
Bottleneck is the key factor to a SM system, Which seriously influences the throughput rate, cycle time, time-delivery rate, e
bottleneck of a SM system provides the best support for the consequent scheduling. Because categorical data (product types
numerical data (work in process, processing time, utilization rate, buffer length, etc.) have significant effect on bottleneck, a
On
thefuzzy
basisinference
of analyzing
the principle
of the
reengineering
of production
the since
constraint
theory was
introduced
in th
based
system
(ANFIS) was
adopted
in this study
to predictsystem,
bottleneck
conventional
neural
network-bas
reengineering
production
andANFIS,
the method
for the reengineering
of production
system
was put
forward according
only numericalof
inputs.
In thissystem
improved
the contribution
of categorical
inputs to firing
strength
is reflected
through a tt
method
identify
and determine
the constraint
constraint
theory and
redesign
the product
order to can
tackle
high-dimensional
inputs,
reduce theprocess
numberinofaccordance
fuzzy ruleswith
and the
obtain
high prediction
accuracy,
a fuzzy
c-mea
the
existed
in the
system.
The
evaluation
index
of production
built in to
accordance
with
treeconstraints
linear division
method
was
applied
to reengineering
identify the initial
structure
of fuzzy
inferencesystem
system.was
According
the experimen
of
the constraint
theory, realizing
thesystem
dynamic
evaluation
of the
reengineering
effect.
bottleneck
and sub-bottleneck
of SM
can
be predicted
accurately
with the
proposed method.
Based on the analysis of the differences and similarities between the scheduling problem of 4S auto dealership maintenance
manufacturing system, the former researches'designing the former scheduling problem with the goal of minimized customer
describing it as a dynamic FJSP problem exists obvious bottleneck. Then this paper decompose and simplify the problem by t
the buffer and build the buffer management mechanism to realize the scheduling schemes' coordination between the bottlen
resources. The re-scheduling strategy is designed with the consideration of bottleneck and non-bottleneck resources' charac
Focusing
onisthe
order delay
problem
in the process
production,
a feasibility
control model
on the Theory of Constraints (TOC)
scheduling
achieved.
Finally,
the example
verifies of
the
algorithm's
and based
effectiveness.
(CPM) are proposed with the analysis of control method, in which it is composed of custom design module, manufacturing m
optimizing control module. And with the processing costs minimization as objective function, a control mode for production i
of resource consumption and maximization of production. With the case study, it is found that the proposed control mode wa
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Modern manufacturing facilities are subject to organisational, technological, engineering and market constraints. The combin
them to be described as sociotechnical enterprises. Control of these enterprises is distributed between human and automate
part of a joint cognitive system. One of the challenges facing these industries is a need to evolve operations while maintainin
Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) provides a range of analytical frameworks that can be used to study the effects of chan
systems. However, the scale of these enterprises and the range of decision-making styles involved make the selection of an
The
document
gives
an overview
of Theoryand
of Constraints,
and describes
its application
the Production
System.
Focus
difficult.
A critical
review
of both positivist
hermeneuticTOC
approaches
to cognitive
systemsto
research
is provided.
Following
basis
of is
TOC,
the document
howapproach
it makesto
a describe
Production
System
more responsive
to the the
rapidly
changingofbusines
process
outlined
that usesemphasises,
a mixed model
system
functionality,
understand
implications
chang
highlights
TOC as athat
management
technique,
thatA allows
the organization
to introduction
dramaticallyof
improve
its performance
cognitive artefacts
support system
control.
case study
examines the
pervasive
automation inand
thedelive
semi
without
much
of risk and without
exhausting
crucial resources.
industrytaking
and is too
used
to demonstrate
the utility
of this process.

Implementing the Theory of Constraints (TOC) requires significant changes in the processes, policies and behaviours of an or
a successful and lasting implementation it is important to have an implementation plan, as well as keeping and managing im
documentation. This helps to get and maintain organisational commitment to teach the organisation how the system works
knowledge for future continuous improvement. A roadmap methodology provides a plan or map for making the transition fro
today to where it will be in the future. This paper describes a roadmap approach to facilitate the successful execution of a TO
Shop
floorand
management
anTOC
important
ingredient
the
enterprise management. Working flow of shop floor management b
capturing
managing is
the
knowledge
withinin
the
organisation.
Constraints is discussed, the function model of system is presented. Production schedule of constrainted resource can be rea
management can integrate with other ERP management systems.

After analysis and comparison between Manufacture Resource Planning (MRP), Just in Time (JIT) and Theory of Constraints (
advantages, disadvantages and feasibility, a new production management method namely MTJ was proposed through combi
based on different requirements from levels of production planning management and control. Production planning managem
constructed by this method. With this model, MRP was oriented to enterprise level taking charge of Master Production Sche
Requirement Planning(MRP), and monthly/weekly component parts planning on various workshops. TOC was oriented to wor
To
apply
the Drum-Buffer-Rope(DBR)
theory
toorder
shop release
floor control
in shop.
re-entrant
flow
wafer fabrication,with
thelevel
deployment
of r
daily
production
planning and scheduling
and
on job
JIT was
oriented
to production field
taking char
traditional
theory
modified.A state
production
control
approach
suitable for
re-entrant
lines was
was described,
proposed.As
a make-to-o
production DBR
control
and was
manufacturing
feedback.
Finally,
the operation
logic
of the model
and
how to lea
were
the mean
time in thefor
manufacturing
line and load ruin was formed before the bottlenecks.To level the load
strongprocessed
points to in
offset
one's weakness
MTJ was analyzed.
based on Earliest Due Date(EDD) and Critical Ratio(CR) rules were presented.After the load ruin was leveled,the Drum was ra
practical process conditions of the bottlenecks.Finally,the orders' release plan and shipping plan were determined.The results
Abstract available
in "The
World
of the Theory of Constraints"
feasibility
and validity
of this
approach.

An application of the OPT principles and some simple scheduling rules without the sophisticated OPT software in a four-stage
shop is demonstrated by using a medium-sized battery factory as a case study. The throughput and inventory performances
and compared with those of push and pull policies by using a simulation study. The performances of OPT are attractive. Altho
relatively low inventory level, it can still maintain relatively high throughput rate.

Bottlenecks inhibit the performance of companies. Up to now, bottleneck management research has concentrated on manuf
neglecting product design and engineering processes. This research fills this gap through developing and testing of a new bo
concept for product design and engineering processes. The new concept is developed using a system theory modelling appr
bottleneck management counter measures. Two propositions were developed to test the concept through an event-discrete s
simulation is grounded on empirical data from three design-driven companies and tests the impact of the four bottleneck ma
Good
planning
and replenishment
management
are important
for a firm
keep
competitive
in the
The t
on theproduction
performance
of product
design and engineering
processes.
The findings
fromto
the
simulation
confirm
themarket.
applicability
chain
replenishment
(TOC-SCRS)
is a replenishment
method
under
the TOC processes.
philosophy.InIndoing
the application
of the TOC
bottleneck
concept tosystem
improve
the performance
of product design
and
engineering
so, this research
stud
chain,
the replenishment
and the reliable
replenishment
time
(RRT) areprocesses.
required parameters. Generally, the R
management
for the first frequency
time from (RF)
manufacturing
to product
design and
engineering
public transportation schedule such as ship schedules or its private conveyor schedule. If this node is a plant, however, the R
frequency in this plant, and a higher RF (i.e., once a day) is preferred by the TOC because of lower inventory and quick respo
In
semiconductor
manufacturing,
process
of short-term
planning requires
clear and
yet challenging
an
requirement.
Basically,
the RF in athe
plant
is determined
by itsproduction
sales or production
quantity.setting
When sales
increase
significantly,
operation
andfrom
toolset
in the
process flow
each
product
type.
We demonstrate
the
complexity
of thisdays)
problem
ex
be elongated
higher
frequency
(i.e., per
once
a day)
to lower
frequency
(i.e., once
every
two or more
due using
to thean
limit
with
workforce,
and then
show
howTOC-SCRS
the problem
cancapacity
be decomposed,
aggregated,
and
solved
using
sequential
rec
level proficient
replenishment
frequency
model
for the
under
constraint
is proposed.
This
model
is especially
suitab
assignment
problems.
also refer
the improvements
that theexamples
proposed are
algorithm
achievedthe
in practice
when
different products
haveWe
a large
salesto
volume
variation. Numerical
utilizedhas
to evaluate
application
of applied
the pro
production
facilities,
and discuss
its efficiency
and
as a fast heuristic
relative
other proposed
methods.
(C) 201
this proposed
methodology
will facilitate
a plant
oruniqueness
a central warehouse
to implement
an to
effective
TOC-SCRS
successfully.
reserved.

Managing a global supply chain poses some unique challenges. The Theory of Constraints, a successful solution of the '80's
Management into achieving supply chain goals. This paper explains how TOC -based operational policies are generated for th
chain. We demonstrate how implementation of these policies orchestrates the performance of the supply chain to optimize d
cost. Keywords

Simulation has proven to be an important computer tool in analyzIIng new manufacturing approaches. In this paper we use s
a new approach to manufacturing with current practices. The new approach is referred to as the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) me
manufacturing. We discuss the DBR approach and demonstrate the application of DBR in a furniture manufacturing case exa
used to compare the DBR approach with the typical system of production control referred to as a cutting approach. The simu
considerable savings in makespan are possible when DBR is used in place of the cutting approach.
Synchronized manufacturing as in the OPT system (Optimized Production Technology, by Creative Output Inc.) is a relatively
management. This paper analyses the nine OPT rules, the OPT concepts and OPT philosophy in order to establish an analytic
OPT system. The analysis is based on systems theory concepts, mathematical programming theory and techniques, as well a
rule, and the Japanese production experience. It is shown that the OPT rules reflect substantial integration of well established
whole OPT philosophy. The paper analyzes the OPT classification of VAT plants and the Drum-Buffer-Rope concept used in OP
The
demand
for customization
is gradually
increasing
given
recycled materials
no (the
longer
meet customer
demands
for nt
distinction
between
BIG OPT (the
management
system)
and that
its subsystem
SMALL OPT
scheduler).
The paper
suggests
needs
of amay
particular
customer
may require
releasejob
of numerous
new materials
recycled
materials
minimize
both
tota
concepts
be applied
in all types
of processes,
shop processes
and very and
complex
assembly
linestoare
the most
suitabl
CO2
emissions.
The The
lot-sizing
problem isby
to constraints
optimize themethodology
lot size for each
lot release. This
study
scheduling
system.
paperproduction-to-order
then shows the management
as a potential
natural enhancement
of the
OP
between new materials and recycled materials under varying production cost, machine yield and capacity and energy consu
linear programming (FMOLP) models are used to analyze factors in the relative cost-effectiveness and CO2 emissions. The pr
Abstract available in
"The
of theand
Theory
of Constraints"
cost-effectiveness
and
CO2World
emissions
integrates
multi-component and multi-machine functions for remanufacturing sys
can help managers during decision making by enabling systematic analysis of the potential cost-effectiveness of recoverable
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This study developed a bottleneck-based heuristic (BBFFL) to solve a flexible flow line problem with a bottleneck stage, wher
exist in all the stages, with the objective of minimizing the makespan. The essential idea of BBFFL is that scheduling jobs at
affect the performance of a heuristic for scheduling jobs in all the stages. Therefore, in BBFFL, a variant of Johnson's rule is u
based initial sequence generator (BBISG). Then, a bottleneck-based multiple insertion procedure (BBMIP) is applied to the ini
order by which jobs enter the bottleneck stage to be the same as that at the first stage. Five experimental factors were used
Abstract available
in "The
World
the Theory
of randomly
Constraints"
production
scenarios
and 10
testof
problems
were
generated in each scenario. These test problems were used to com
BBFFL with several well-known heuristics. Computational results show that the BBFFL significantly outperforms all the well-k

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Drum-Buffer-Rope-based production planning and control (PPC) approaches provide production managers with effective tools
disruptions and improve operational performance. The corner stone of these approaches is the proper selection of time-buffe
exogenously defined constant. However, the majority of real-world manufacturing systems are characterized by the dynamic
stochastic production times. This fact calls for a dynamic approach in supporting the decision making on time-buffer policies
capacitated, single-product, three-operation, flow-shop manufacturing system. We propose a dynamic time-buffer control me
One
thewith
fundamentals
of good to
operations
practices isto
the
"complete
kit" concept,
which
suggests
that work
termof
PPC
adaptive response
demand management
changes and robustness
sudden
disturbances
in both
internal
and external
sh
items
required
completion
of a job
items
kit) include
components,
tools, to
drawings
integrating
the for
control
mechanism
intoare
theavailable.
flow-shopThese
system,
we (the
develop
a system
dynamics model
supportand
the informati
decisionincomplete
kit means
more
labor
time
finishofthe
job, longer
lead
time, more by
work
in process,
reduction
of throughput,
poo
policies. Using
the model,
we
study
thetoeffect
policies
on shop
performance
means
of analysis
of variance.
Extensive
n
due
date performance.
This paper
analyses
the
various
facets
the complete
kit due
approach
by an
analyticalcharacteristics
model that show
the insensitivity
of time-buffer
policies
to key
factors
related
toofdemand,
demand
date and
operational
su
this
concept.
The tendency
of practitioners
to work
with incomplete kits is explained using the prisoner's dilemma. 1998 P
production
times.
2013 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights
reserved.
This
paper
addresses
the problem of dispatching in flowshops with bottleneck machines. The presence of bottleneck machin
Ltd. All
rights
reserved.
throughput in flowshops. The objective is to develop dispatching rules for scheduling by taking into account the presence of
measures of performance are the minimization of total flowtime of jobs, the minimization of the sum of earliness and tardine
minimization of total tardiness of jobs, considered separately. Many existing conventional dispatching rules and the proposed
extensively investigated for their performance by generating a large number of problems of various sizes and bottleneck con
experimental investigation show that the proposed dispatching rules emerge to be superior to the conventional dispatching
rights reserved.

In recent years, many companies have begun using WIP-limiting strategies such as CONWIP, Kanban or drum-buffer-rope to c
production systems. This paper analyzes assembly systems with a tree structure, random processing times and a constant W
present heuristic version of the exact aggregation-disaggregation theory for finite Markov chains to evaluate the performanc
controlled assembly systems. Because the approximation is theory based, it provides a framework for further model develop
extensions described in the paper. The approximation has the novel feature of doing simultaneous multiple partitions of the
Lot
is a technique
used
to splitrates
a production
lot into
several smaller
transfer batches.
In this
way, processing
a pro
thatstreaming
the associated
aggregate
transition
are mutually
consistent.
The methodology
is a novel
approach
towards extend
production
system networks,
by overlapping
between
stages
is available.
a result,insights.
production
can be accelerated.
thiss
and-join queueing
and itproduction
provides several
useful
operational
and As
analytical
Numerical
comparisons In
with
policyM/G/1
queueing system
with aaccurate
non-reliable
serverofisthe
proposed.
With the relevant
parameters
of this
queueing
system,
proposed approximation
computes
estimates
plant throughput.
It provides
a fast way
to assess
the performa
in
dynamic
situations
canlevel
be solved.
obtainof
the
optimal transfer
size, a cost
objective
function
transport
c
changes
in the
total WIP
(or theTo
number
Kanbans),
or in thebatch
part routes,
on the
throughput
rate including
of the assembly
syst
and
holding
cost
is formulated.
in order to illustrate
the
usefulness
of the with
proposed
examples ar
develop
a new
methodology
forFurther,
rapid performance
analysis of
assembly
systems
a treemethods,
structure,numerical
random processing
ti
Abstract
available
in "The
World
of
the Theory
of Constraints"
results
these examples,
some Extensive
important
conclusions
are drawn.
processofKanban
control
system.
evaluations
show
that this methodology computes accurate estimates of the plan
fast way for managers to assess the performance and economic impact of changes in the total WIP level (or the number of K
routes, on the overall throughput rate of the assembly system. In recent years, many companies have begun using WIP-limit
CONWIP, Kanban or drum-buffer-rope to control parts flows in complex production systems. This paper analyzes assembly sy
random processing times and a constant WIP control system. We present heuristic version of the exact aggregation-disaggre
Many
companies
to provide
fast and reliable
deliveries,
and want information
systems
support
for them.
this
Markov
chains to need
evaluate
the performance
of these
closed Kanban-controlled
assembly
systems.
Because
theTherefore,
approximatio
reusable
Theory
of
Constraints
(TOC)
based
production
planning
and
scheduling
support
into
SAP,
and
provides
an
overview
a framework for further model development, with some possible extensions described in the paper. The approximation has t
production
planning
and
scheduling
IS support.
It briefly
describes
the ABB
S-DBR construction
and
the results
ofare
implement
simultaneous
multiple
partitions
of the
state space,
in such
a way that
the associated
aggregate
transition
rates
mutuall
construction
supports
buffer
management,
planned
load,
choking
release
of
orders,
POOGI
(Process
Of
On-Going
Improveme
methodology is a novel approach towards extending aggregation ideas to fork-and-join queueing networks, and it provides s
requirements
planning.
The pilot
factory is happy:
the construction
provides
realisticapproximation
delivery timescomputes
instantly, accurate
removes estima
separ
analytical insights.
Numerical
comparisons
with simulation
show that
the proposed
To
achieve
a maximum
oforders
productivity
is production
still a majorprocess,
goal of producing
companies.
But in fact it is no
longer
a question
pr
in
Excel,
releases
correct
intoperformance
the
andimpact
prioritizes
them during
The
literature
study of
show
It provides
a fast way
to assess
the
and economic
of changes
in the execution.
total WIP level
(or the number
of
Ka
but
rather
exactly
the
quantities
clientsTherefore,
demand. Therefore,
a flexible production
is needed.
Factories
areare
able
to
controltothat
new
to
the
research
and
practitioners.
the
implementation,
the
blueprint
and
the
experiences
of
interest
bo
on the throughput rate of the assembly system.
Constraint
concept
to the
Theory
of scheduling
Constraint. practices.
This requires a radically new thinking in many places. This artic
researchers- a
seeking
to according
improve the
planning
and
successfully introduce the Management of Constraint into a running production. GITO Verlag.
citation only

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Advocates contend that when a company faced with excess capacity uses the theory of constraints (TOC), coupled with a ma
making product pricing decisions, pricing flexibility is increased and product diversity is encouraged. Critics warn that althou
making short-term product pricing decisions, companies must beware that it does not consider the long-term strategic effect
Additional considerations for any business opting to use the TOC is the long-term impact such product-pricing decisions will h
customer loyalty, increased operating expenses, and competitors' strategies.
Purpose The purpose of this paper includes two interconnected objectives. The first is to provide a reconceptualisation of s
constraint alleviation. The second is to respond to the call put forward by Giuliani and Macchi (2014) to produce synergies be
exploring the development impact of businesses. The paper focuses on ideas from the global value chain/global production n
and human rights, corporate social responsibility (CSR), international business (IB) and (social) entrepreneurship literatures.
Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a reconceptualisation of social value creation by building on the synergies
Process
improvement
techniques
are common
in manufacturing
and industry.
Overthe
few decades these
principles
hac
limitations
of existing concepts
identified
through
the literature review.
Findings
Thepast
reconceptualisation
of social
value
select
health care to
settings.
This article
reviews
theway.
Plan,ItDo,
Study,
and Act
Six Sigma,ofthe
of Profound
Knowle2
paper contributes
the literature
in the
following
offers
a useful
andcycle,
clear definition
theSystem
term social
(Devinney,
constraints.
processconcept
improvement
in health
and and
radiology
are presented
in the 2011).
order the
radiologist itissket
like
limitations ofSpecific
the constraint
as puttools
forward
by Tedcare
London
his collaborators
(London,
Furthermore,
improvement
project. to allow for the differentiation between symptom treatment and root cause alleviation. Finally, it offers
two-system approach
(2012) proposed capability-based remedial action concept. The paper furthermore proposes that there are three distinct way
Abstract available
of the Theory
of Constraints"
generally
respond in
to "The
socialWorld
constraints.
Originality/value
The paper illustrates how the redefined concept of social value
bodies of literature and help make sense of existing empirical results, without engaging in definitional debates.

citation only

INTRODUCTION In Operations Management courses, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels, one of the topics typica
Constraints (TOC). The TOC was first introduced by Goldratt in The Goal (Goldratt & Cox, 1986) and The Goal is the required
courses. The Web-based interactive exercise described here requires students to use the TOC process in a simulated environ
money. In addition to allowing the students to actively apply the TOC, the interactive exercise allows the instructor to evalua
examination of student results from the simulation allows the instructor to quickly determine if the students truly understand

Improving supply chain performance has become one of the critical issues for gaining competitive advantages for companies
framework using a systematic approach to improving the iterative key performance indicators (KPIs) accomplishment in a su
proposed framework quantitatively analyzes the interdependent relationships among a set of KPIs. It can identify crucial KPI
propose performance improvement strategies for decision-makers in a supply chain. A scenario of a large retail company is a
application of this framework.
The Maintenance Center for the Marine Corps Logistics Base, Albany, Georgia, launched a program in 2001 combining princi
Constraints and Lean thinking. The Center had been constantly plagued by apparent capacity shortages in virtually every de
manpower was being considered. An analysis using Theory of Constraints revealed that there was, in fact, more than adequa
workload. The perceived lack of capacity was due to policy constraints imposed on the Center as a result of a push schedulin
implementing a pull system for scheduling repairs, the Center revealed capacity that had been masked. Today, the Center is
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC), with
five the
steps
for constraint
elimination,
is viewed
as a continuous
improvement process. Th
99 percent
of the production
lines its
where
Theory
of Constraints
principles
have been
implemented.
methodology is to identify the constraint. In a lean environment, this step is not always trivial. This thesis proposes three new
The first method, Flow Constraint Analysis, takes a holistic view and evaluates whether the customer's demand is being satis
by comparing the takt times and the cycle times of resources in the manufacturing system in order to identify the constraint
Effective Utilization Analysis, can be employed to pinpoint the location of the system constraint to a specific process or statio
throughput is compared against the ideal capacity of the system to locate the bottleneck. This method is based on the relati
process (WIP), bottleneck rate and lead time for a constant work in process (CONWIP) system. The third method, Quick Effec
be used when there is little or no historical line performance data available. The second step in TOC is to decide how to explo
traditional option for exploiting the system constraint will also be explored in this thesis. This research attempts to perform t
most from the constraining resource without additional investment.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Citation only

This study presents a theoretical reflection about the possible impacts on of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) indicators cause
Toyota Production System (TPS) and a type of waste which is not included in that context. It refers to the 'waste due to unsat
mix' influenced by the use of inappropriate methods to formulate the product mix. Therefore, a conceptual neologism is intro
"Pergas" to demonstrate the overall gain waste derived from this practice. The need to reduce process waste is due to the fa
the product and the cost increase putting at risk, in some situations, the organizational competitiveness. Similarly, the fight
Abstract available
in "The
World ofby
thethe
Theory
ofindicators
Constraints"
increase
in the indexes
monitored
Global
of TOC , through the creation of a mix of products that contributes
structural framework was developed relating the seven Wastes addressed in the TPS and TOC indicators, which will provide s
relations that cause impacts and will enable the proposal of improvement actions focusing on reducing the impacts presente

This paper introduces an application of the Theory of Constraints product mix heuristic to job scheduling in a Hybrid Flexible
heuristic is adapted for unrelated parallel machines and the algorithm is implemented as a job detailed scheduling tool base
Theory of Constraints to schedule the production based in the bottleneck resource. The adaptation of the methodology to a fl
there is parallelism in the bottleneck stage, and its application in a textile plant, helps to assign capacity based on the contri
viable job scheduling focused on the profitability unit. Although the results do not reach the global optimum of this type of p
Most
vocational
schoolsalternative
are traininginstudents
with under
multiple
professional certificates as the most important educational g
and effective
jobhigh
scheduling
the contexts
study.
restricted by the policy of government, vocational high schools have difficulty in achieving this goal. According to the govern
testing and skill practices are forbidden in regular courses. Students are only encouraged to take the examination of profess
combined the theory of constraints (TOC) and problem hierarchy analysis (PHA), this research provides a systematic method

Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a philosophy of manag ement put forth by Eliyahu M. Goldratt, which claims that each system
This philosophy is applied in many functional are as of companies, ranging from production flow management, marketing, ac
management to being a tool of logica l reasoning. In this paper, the authors show how the Theory of Constraint s can be app
special att ention paid to TOC- based stock management principles which are impleme nted in the pharmaceutical industry. A
described by the Authors illustrates the possibility of creating hybrid solutions combining TOC with other methods
A number of companies have reported significant improvements in manufacturing performance through implementing the co
Constraints suggested by Goldratt (1986). However, the implementation of these concepts in wafer fabs is not straightforwa
reentrant product flows. In this paper we examine the effects of downtime at non-bottleneck machines and different dispatch
of a wafer fab operating under the Drum-Buffer-Rope release policy (Goldratt and Fox 1986). Our results show that downtime
has significant detrimental effects on fab performance, and that the Critical Ratio dispatching rule performs well in terms of
time and throughput.

In the last two decades, production and manufacturing management has rapidly adopted a range of new concepts: manufac
factory, just-in-time manufacturing, concurrent engineering, total quality management, supply chain management, flexible m
production, mass customization, and more. The increasing globalization of manufacturing ensures that the field will continue
of Production and Manufacturing Management will be useful to a technically diverse audience of managers, engineers and pr
with manufacturing techniques, methods, and manufacturing decisions. With 100 in-depth articles, and more than 1, 000 sh
The
describes
many
drivers
cash flow and
the
useexperts,
of cash educators
flow to generate
performance
measures.
also points
flow entry
of revisions
andthe
new
material,
theofEncyclopedia
will
help
and students
keep up
with the It
leading
edge
the
survival
of the
Topics
include net
present
value
(NPV),
investment
(ROI),tothroughput,
Goldratt,
author
of company.
the Theory
of Constraints
(TOC),
uses
the idea
of return
drums,on
buffers,
and ropes
implement inventory,
TOC in thetime
typic
These
factors
are combined
to generate
financial other
performance
forofvarious
supply chain
components
constraint
resource
(or bottleneck)
is somewhere
than themeasures
beginning
the production
operation.
A drum(e.g.
sets inventor
the tem
time).
plant, and is particularly useful for downstream operations after the bottleneck in anticipating output from the bottleneck. Bu
the constraint assure that the bottlenecked operation works at its maximum output and is not idle waiting for another upstre
We
discuss
bottleneck (or
minimax)
versions
of the generalized
assignment
problem.
The basic problem
the assignm
before
the bottleneck).
Ropes
restrain
the upstream
operations from
overloading
the bottleneck
with too involves
much work-in-proce
number of agents such that each job is performed by a unique agent, and capacity limitations on the agents are not exceede
bottleneck generalized assignment problem (BGAP) are defined. The first of these is called the Task BGAP and has as its obje
maximum of the costs of the assignments that are made. The second version is referred to as the Agent BGAP and has as its
the maximum of the total costs assigned to each agent. Both problems are formulated, and applications are discussed. Proce
Research
Just-in-Time
Total
Management
(TQM),
Total
Productive Maintenance (TPM), Supply Chain Managem
BGAP are on
presented,
and (JIT),
one of
theQuality
procedures
is illustrated
in an
example.
Constraints (TOC) generally investigate the implementation and impact of these programs in isolation. However, many resea
conceptually the value of understanding the joint implementation and effect of manufacturing programs. This paper investig
these three letters paradigm and describes a synergistic relationship among JIT, TOC , TPM, TQM, and SCM. The survey resul
industries underlines the need of joint implementation for revitalizing manufacturing. The theoretical argument leads to conc
In
a previous
paper in thisjointly
journalwill
named
The TOC-Based
Algorithm
for have
Solving
Multiple Constraint
which
have implemented
outperform
the organizations
that
implemented
only oneResources,
or none. Ray considere
approach named AHP/TOC comprising the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and theory of constraints (TOC) in a multiple con
problem. This paper gives three typical examples and points out that the proposed approach would not generate the optima
reasons are analyzed in terms of the ranking approach of product priority using AHP and the adjustment approach of produc
has been identified. We clarify the cases under which the AHP/TOC method can and cannot output the optimal solution. Final
This
paper has are
been
invited to be published by the Springer LNBIP series/2014 and so, it is an improved version from those v
improvements
given.
presentation at the Fifth Pre-ICIS workshop on ES Research, St Louis/USA 2010 [1]. The paper considers some challenges and
Information and Knowledge/Wise Societies and Sociotechnical Systems. After a brief and innovative panorama on the inform
societies and sociotechnical system we present the core of this work: challenges and reflections related with our society and
challenges and reflections has been proposed answers such as: treatment of the organization as a living being synergism
In
this paper,
theaproblem
of batch
scheduling
in a flexible
flow shop and
environment
is studied.
It is assumed
that of
machines
in
research
efforts
unfair shared
leadership,
information
partnership
a collaborative
relationship
in the age
knowledge
process
a number
of comprises
jobs simultaneously.
applications
of this
problem
can be found
in various
including
spring
development,
which
the social,The
economical,
cultural
and
environmental
spheres
leading industries
us to a new
model of
perc
in
auto&industry.
A mixed integer
programming
formulation
of the
is to
presented
andinsights
it is shown
the problem is N
world
present financial
crisis the
future Those
questioning
areproblem
still open
create new
andthat
interests.
then be developed to solve the problem and a lower bound is also developed for evaluating the performance of the proposed
heuristic H3 gives better results compared to the others.
This paper presents a practical daily batch scheduling problem at one leading global food company for multi-stage, multi-bat
After investigated different approaches of both traditional optimization and simulation technique, the concept of the Theory
adopted to identify the bottleneck activity first, then the problem was converted from a multi-product batch scheduling to a
based scheduling, and the scheduling technique of Drum-buffer-rope (DBR) in TOC was specifically adopted to solve the com
problem. With the help of professional computer software and customized output, it is very efficient and effective for the dai
Abstractdue
available
in "The Worldalgorithm
of the Theory
of Constraints"
operate
to no complicated
or programming
involved. This new TOC approach has been implemented in its sev
and is expected to expand to other plants.

An existing taxonomy of workload control rules is adapted to classify 25 workload control rules and their components examin
a basis to model how three workload control rule components order selection, work aggregation and buffer limits affect s
environments that differ in their bottleneck utilization and protective capacity levels. Two of the most frequently studied rule
and DBR were included in the simulation. Data analysis found that the workload control rules had a significant positive effe
measures only in environments with the highest bottleneck utilization and the lowest protective capacity. However, the work
Assembly
lines
are traditional
and stillofattractive
means
of mass
and
large-scalewere
series
production.
Since
the early
H
found to be
an important
component
the workload
control
rule.
Suggestions
made
for future
research
that times
could of
incr
developments
took
place
changed
assemblywith
linesour
from
strictly paced
single-model lines to more flexible s
workload control
rules
andwhich
integrate
this research
understanding
ofand
leanstraight
production.
others, lines with parallel work stations or tasks, cus- tomer-oriented mixed-model and multi-model lines, U-shaped lines as
intermediate buffers. In any case, an important decision problem, called assembly line balancing problem, arises and has to
configuring an assembly line. It consists of distributing the total workload for manufacturing any unit of the product to be as
For
over along
50 years,
the United
Kingdoms
Nationalresearch
Health Service
has aspired
to provide
universal
access to line
quality
health pro
ca
stations
the line.
Assembly
line balancing
has traditionally
focused
on the
simple assembly
balancing
huge
and
lengthy waiting
timesafor
services,
thehas
NHS
is showing
strain
of accommodating
risingrealistic
contemp
some backlogs
restricting
assumptions.
Recently,
lotmany
of research
work
been
done in the
order
to describe
and solve more
g
constrained
Thisthe
paper
describes the
conceptresearch.
of buffer
management,
itsB.V.
origins
in manufacturing
In this paper,budget.
we survey
developments
in GALBP
2004 Elsevier
All rights
reserved. applications, and h
generate improvements in health care systems. The successful implementation of buffer management is illustrated with rece
Accident and Emergency departments and the hospital admissions process of three NHS facilities
Inventory policies for joint remanufacturing and manufacturing have recently received much attention. Most efforts, though,
policy structures and numerical optimization, rather than closed form expressions for calculating near optimal policy parame
is on the latter. We analyze an inventory system with unit product returns and demands where remanufacturing is the cheap
manufacturing. Manufacturing is also needed, however, since there are less returns than demands. The cost structure consis
costs, and backorder costs. Manufacturing and remanufacturing orders have non-zero lead times. To control the system we u
familiar (s, Q) policy, called push and pull remanufacturing policies. For all policies we present simple, closed form formulae
policy parameters under a cost minimization objective. In an extensive numerical study we show that the proposed formulae
parameters. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Fox (1987) procedure for the Theory of Constraints (TOC) calculation is shown to be inefficient when multiple constraine
Constraints is a production control methodology that maximizes profits in a plant that has a demonstrated bottleneck. The p
determine the product mix that will maximize profitability is a very simple series of steps. However, this series of steps assu
be selected through simple routine that suggests building the most profitable products first. In the first example given, TOC c
optimal product mix. In the 2nd example, TOC came up with an unfeasible solution. It is concluded that linear-integer progra
The
scheduling
of comes
flow shops
with
machines
per stage, usually
referred to as the hybrid flow shop (HFS), is a
planning
tool and
closer
to multiple
achievingparallel
the TOC
goal of maximizing
throughput.
problem encountered in many real world applications. Given its importance and complexity, the HFS problem has been inten
presents a literature review on exact, heuristic and metaheuristic methods that have been proposed for its solution. The pap
reviews several variants of the HFS problem, each in turn considering different assumptions, constraints and objective functi
in HFS are also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Theory of constraints has been commonly used in production systems to improve productivity. Since the improvement on an
have impact on its downstream servers, finding the true bottleneck is not trivial in a stochastic production line. Due to the a
general tandem queues, we develop methods to quantify the dependence among stations through simulation. Dependence
contribution queue time at each station, and contribution factors are developed based on the insight from Friedmans reduc
networks. In a tandem queue, the dependence among stations can be either diffusion or blocking, and their impact depends
This
article surveys
the recently
field
of reverse
logistics.the
Theperformance
management
return
flows
induced may
by thenot
various
the bottlenecks.
Based
on theseemerged
results, we
show
that improving
of of
the
system
bottleneck
be thef
materials
in industrial
production
hasindependence
received growing
attention throughout
thismethod
decade.
Manyout
authors
have prop
reduce system
cycle time.
Rather processes
than making
assumptions,
the proposed
points
a promising
dir
taking
changes
in thein
logistics
environment
insightsthose
of the
dependence
practical
systems into account. However, no general framework has been suggested yet. Th
for a systematic overview of the issues arising in the context of reverse logistics. In this paper we subdivide the field into thr
distribution planning, inventory control, and production planning. For each of these we discuss the implications of the emerg
This
paper presents
a genetic
algorithms
(GA) simulation
in solving
a multi-attribute
combinatorial
dispatching
(MA
mathematical
models
proposed
in the literature,
and pointapproach
out the areas
in need
of further research.
Special attention
is paid
flow
shop with
(FSMP) environment.
simulation
is capable
similarities
withmultiple
classicalprocessors
'forward' logistics
methods. (C) The
1997
Elsevier Science
B.V.of modeling a non-linear and stochastic pr
commonly used metaheuristics and are a proven tool for solving complex optimization problems. The proposed GA simulatio
complex MACD problem. Its solution quality is illustrated by a case study from a multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) manuf
search results are often sensitive to the search parameters, this research optimized the GA parameters by using regression a
Within
framework
of the application
their industrial
management
system,
companies compile
a Master
Production
showedthe
that
the GA simulation
approachofoutperformed
several
commonly
used dispatching
rules. The
improvements
areSch
ran
the MPS
released,
daily events
may require it to
be brought
into
question.
The use of reduced
models
within
the future
framewor
otherishand,
the increased
shop-floor-control
complexity
may
hinder
the implementation
of the
system.
Finally,
res
enables
quick decision-making while maximizing the use of resources and minimizing risk. The article shows the advantage o
discussed.
we arrive at it. Afterwards we develop an analysis of the influence of the model factors by highlighting the differences betwe
MPS. Finally we show the circumstances in which the flow dynamic simulation with reduced models is relevant.
Theory of Constraints suggests when the product was limited by bottleneck, the best strategy for selecting the product mix i
system performance- in terms of the desired constraint. This issue is not true for products which have been limited by a few
which are in opposition to the current thought in TOC literature, have been proved in this article. For instance, the mixed pro
which have the product lowest margin and the lowest throughput ratio in a limited time and violate marginal and TOC appro
constraints which caused by selected mixed products have been proved in this article.
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (SDBR) system works effectively in typical job shop environme
the experiences implementing SDBR system in local companies, such environments have the following characteristics, which
implementation: (1) capacity constraint resources (CCR) is not always located in the middle of the routing as assumed in SDB
either the front or back end of routing (2) multiple or interactive CCRs can exist rather than the assumption of just one CCR (
urgent orders, change in due-date (especially bringing it forward) is common. Two ways may be applied to overcome these c
The
of Constraints-supply
chain replenishment
systemmanagement
(TOC-SCRS) is
a replenishment
method
of the
TOC
supply
cha
to a Theory
traditional
DBR (2) address problems
through the buffer
process.
However, both
these
ways
have
limitatio
implemented
byan
a alternative
growing number
of companies.
The performance
reported by
the
implemented
companies
includes
reduct
paper presents
method
enhancing SDBR
system performance.
With
the
enhancement,
we expect
that SDBR
c
time
and transportation
coststhat
andhave
increasing
forecast
accuracy and
customer
service
However,
when the TOC-SCRS i
companies,
especially those
the same
characteristics.
2009
Elsevier
Ltd. levels.
All rights
reserved.
central warehouse, the determination of reliable replenishment time will encounter a conflict with the replenishment quantit
constraint of limited factory capacity. An enhanced simulation replenishment model for TOC-SCRS under capacity constraint
The
thin film
liquid
crystal
display
(TFT-LCD)
manufacturing
process
consists
of three
basic
process this
stages:
array m
p
example
and transistor
a sensitivity
analysis
are
utilized
to evaluate
the application
of the
proposed
model.
Employing
proposed
Module
previous
works
are foundanoneffective
the problem
of scheduling and control TFT-LCD Cell plant due to
plant or process.
a centralLittle
warehouse
to research
successfully
implement
TOC-SCRS.
article, we are concerned with the scheduling and control of Cell plants by using DrumBufferRope (DBR) System based on
Although the DBR system have been successfully implemented in some manufacturing plants, the detailed design rule or ap
customized based on the special characteristics and requirement of different manufacturing environments. A DBR customize
Abstractisavailable
inin
"The
theto
Theory
of Constraints"
process
proposed
thisWorld
articleofdue
its specific
domain. A detailed exploration of the required customization of Drum de
is presented. A real-life Cell plant case is utilized to explain the significance and feasibility of the proposed method.

elected manufacturing industries in India. A model industry was chosen amid them and the assorted performance measure o
intended and the holdups of the system constraints were acknowledged. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) optimization techn
to the production flow line in order to pull up the system constraints and bottlenecks. To depict the important characteristics
for further experimentation, a robotic centered work cell was modeled for simulation study. Hollier product grouping and Bu
been done for the job allocation in various machines as part of work cell formation. Economic project viability was analyzed a
of maneuver is checked with driving and restraining analysis. The Petrinet theory was applied in modeling with an assumptio
of the robot and Poission process of the product flow.

The following manufacturing questions of interest to woodworkers are discussed: 1. How do you handle parts that may be en
as subassemblies for other end items? 2. How do you determine if you have a constraint on a part that is both a subassembl
you install a "flow" process in a one-man operation?

Production lines are rarely able to perform up to design expectations. Murphy's Law seems to work overtime as problems suc
yield problems, and absenteeism wreak havoc on the line. As a result, significant time and money are spent increasing indiv
solving quality problems, and trying to reduce breakdowns and other causes of work stoppages. The dual problems of inadeq
lost capacity are compounded when the line requires significant setup time to change the product mix. Much research has be
to develop sophisticated algorithms that generate high throughput performance with minimum line buffering. This paper dem
The
Theory
of Constraints,
devised by E.
M. Goldratt
and and
J. Cox,
and management
popularised through
thecan
business
novel
Goal, re
Theory
of Constraints'
Drum/Buffer/Rope
logistical,
system
buffer
concepts
be applied
toThe
production
lin
should
on.
The key
drivers - inare
priority
order -inare
Throughput,
Inventory
and Operating
Expense.
Thebuffer
meta
overall be
lineconcentrating
productivity. A
series
of simulations
conducted
order
to analyze
and compare
the impact
of different
to
convey the premise
that
only by
altering
the bottleneck does a company increase Throughput, and ultimately deliver supe
environments
- with and
without
line
changeovers.
all theories should be repeatable and transferable. The Goal was set in a fictitious U.S. manufacturing branch plant. Availa
almost without exception, companies who have applied the Theory have significantly improved profits. To realise this though
The
existing
technology
of flow
manufacturing,
which
is mainly
appropriate
for high
volume
and repetitive
production,
pro
identify
the KEY
constraint
and work
top-down to
elevate
it. At the
next budget/
project/
investment/
cost-cutting
round,isare
high-mix/low-volume
environments.
Toaround
adapt lean
production
into the latter,
a new type
of flow manufacturing
is proposed
b
biggest problem or spread
the money
all parts
of the business?
Incremental
improvements
across the board
tend not
management
technology.
This paper
first describes
general operation
framework
of the
mode. The tool.
main id
convention, Goldratts
Theory
of Constraints
offersthe
competitive
advantage,
and as such
is proposed
a valuablenew
management
of adaptable virtual production lines (called flow paths) corresponding to different product families. The application of differe
constraints/drum-buffer-rope (TOC /DBR) control policies depends on the differences in scope of variety and scale of demand
Abstract
available
in "The
of the Theory
of Constraints"
The
overall
architecture
ofWorld
the proposed
mechanism
of constraint management-based operation and control is introduced. Fo
mathematical programming method is suggested for the dynamic planning of flow paths, and a TOC /DBR 'path-specific' me
scheduling is used for the control over each flow path.We also study other critical issues including the identification and man
bottlenecks, and the setting of the buffer size in the deployment of the TOC /DBR mechanism. 2008 Higher Education Pres
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

citation only

The task of developing and managing production systems has become increasingly complex over the years, and currently,
changing demands and global competition, managers have the difficult task of combining mass production efficiency with cu
craft production era. Accordingly, the enterprises in the Engineer-to-Order (ETO) Capital Goods Industry are exposed to very
and have pursued modern production management strategies to improve production flow and minimize the drawbacks inher
systems. This study investigates ETO Capital Goods Industry, also known as large assembly manufacturing system, aiming t
Manufacturing
performance
can
be achieved
in several
different ways.
the one hand,
the search
forto
high
effi
joint implementation
of lean improvement
manufacturing
principles
and theory
of constraints
usingOn
appropriate
Ordering
Systems
reduc
utilization
in all system
resourcesKeywords:
through balancing
the capacity
of to
productive
resources,
for example,
still a common
pra
increase delivery
dependability.
Capital goods.
Engineer
Order. Lean
production.
Theory ofisconstraints.
Orderin
companies. On the other hand, there are companies that adopt flow balancing practices in their production system, which pr
utilization only in the restrictive resources of the system, the bottlenecks. Given these possibilities, the main objective of this
manufacturing implications and differences between flow balancing and capacity balancing. An analysis identifying the varia
Ordering
systems
aremaking
the focus
of this
work.
Ordering
arereview
information
which
schedule
or subsequently,
organize requirem
managerial
decision
process
was
carried
out. Asystems
literature
on thissystems
topic was
conducted,
and
the
and
materials
and/or control
the
production
and
purchaseamong
ordersother
emission/release
being
able to restrain
or not rules of seque
based
on the System
Thinking
approach.
This
approach,
things, allows
the identification
of effect-cause-effect
r
context,
paper intends:
to present
a new nomenclature
for between
ordering these
systems,
purchasemanage
and pro
obtainedthis
demonstrated
points
of convergence
and divergence
twoSystems
views. It for
wasCoordinating
found that adopting
present
a typology
able to practices
classify all
systems
in a rational
wayincrease
to discuss
systems
which
have high potentia
balancing
combinedthat
withiscertain
ofthe
capacity
balancing
can help
thesome
company
overall
gains.
and that are relatively unknown in Brazil and, to highlight a theme which is highly important to Production Planning and Con
Brazilian literature.

Recent applications of the Theory of Constraints in operations management have adopted the method called Simplified Drum
standard for production planning and control. However, there is little information reported in the literature on this methods m
especially in national and international journals. This article aims to present the S-DBR method for production planning and i
approach called Buffer Management, both applied to make-to-order (MTO) production environments. It also presents their m
assumptions, and differences from the classical DBR method. In addition, it includes a proposal to complement the S-DBR m
The
objective
of this
paper is to
Theory
of Constraints
has recently been dealing with make to stock environ
orders
with a high
probability
of present
meetinghow
the the
delivery
schedule
.
introduces interesting innovations in terms of the use of simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope method as well as ways to pull product
produce in advance of demand. It also innovates by creating conditions for providing market opportunities based on the exp
availability, hence its name: make to availability (MTA). Although it provides important contributions to production planning a
directly addressed this issue have not been identified to date in both national and international journals.
The task of developing and managing production systems has become increasingly complex over the years, and currently, in
changing demands and global competition, managers have the difficult task of combining mass production efficiency with cu
craft production era. Accordingly, the enterprises in the Engineer-to-Order (ETO) Capital Goods Industry are exposed to very
and have pursued modern production management strategies to improve production flow and minimize the drawbacks inher
systems. This study investigates ETO Capital Goods Industry, also known as large assembly manufacturing system, aiming t
This
analyzes the
methodologies
of Henry
Ford,and
TaIIchi
Ohno,
Eliyahuusing
Goldratt
and presents
explicitly
the four
prin
joint article
implementation
of lean
manufacturing
principles
theory
of and
constraints
appropriate
Ordering
Systems
to reduc
according
to thesedependability.
operations management philosophies. The differences among them are related to different instances of th
increase delivery
environments: Ford in his industry focusing on mass production of few (or one) products, Ohno at Toyota with the Toyota prod
Goldratt in a wide range of production environments. The concepts are illustrated and tested in a practical case of implemen
Engineering company. Here, we have the classic case of an unlikely successful attempt to implement a methodology (Lean),
This
article discusses
material
flow management.
More
presents methods
andfor
tools
used formanagement
capacity dynamic
Constraints
(TOC) solved
this issue.
Finally, the limits
forspecifically,
the solutionit proposed
by Goldratt
operations
(DBR
resourses are focused on the reduction or elimination of static and dynamic bottlenecks. Practical applications are made usin
which associates the concepts presented through a demand-orientated, capacity dynamic regulation.

This paper discusses the use of the TOC (theory of constraints) thought process as an alternative to systemic organizational
conceptual review of systemic thought, a reference to one of the various methods available in the literature, and a review of
concepts of the TOC . This is followed by the discussion of a case study, in which the TOC method was applied in a public he
a comparison of the TOC method and the systemic method. The conclusion of this paper discusses the relation between the
situations, outlining the kinds of situation in which each method seems to work best by producing acceptable organizational
E-commerce has been the mainstay of e-economy with the advancement of internet. Worldwide growth of e-commerce has b
2010. It is high time that MENA nations develop good policies on e-commerce, and review those dynamically due to rapidly c
taking into account the interplay of the driving forces. In broad terms, the driving forces in e-commerce comprise high qualit
given the culture. Services include availability, reliability and performance of web services infrastructure and institutional fra
of goods and efficient online payment services across currencies, borders and languages. Social trust includes creditworthin
Introduction
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR)
the Theory
ofsociety
Constraints
(TOC) production
planning
methodology
originated by
Eliya
marketing strategy
alignment with
theisculture
of the
encompassing
traits, norms,
habits,
hedonic motivation,
genera
In
the concepts
of DBR
preceded
the FiveFocusing
- Steps and
the notioninof
the "throughput
world"
in suggest
the dev
arefact,
technological
aspects
as actually
well as cultural
aspects.
In order
to promote
e-commerce
MENA
countries, this
study
paradigm.
While
the DBR method
is much
than the
Optimized
Production
and theasr
aspects can
be addressed
using the
theorysimpler
of constraints
asolder
proposed
by Goldratt
in hisTechnology
book The (OPT)
Goal,algorithm
and the cultural
Scheduling
(APS)
for many webpage
production
environments,
especially those
not currently
dominated
developments
for systems,
online marketing,
design
and communications.
The cultural
aspectsor
ofconsistently
some MENA countries
areb
bottleneck,
an evencultural
simplerdimensions,
method canHalls
be adopted.
call thisand
method
S-DBR, todimensions
distinguishof
it culture.
from theThis
traditional
model,i
such as Hofstedes
culturalWe
patterns,
Trompenaars
study further
It
is difficult
to influence
simply
MRP
or
orsame
TOC into
practice
for cellular
manufacturing
of some
product.
This
paper
proposes
traditional
DBR.
S-DBRput
isthe
based
onJIT
theof
concepts
traditional
DBR
and is certainly
in
TOC
and
the FiveaF
attributes
can
adoption
e-commerce
inas
MENA
countries.
Ultimately,
there
is harmony
the
need with
to
develop
expressive
planning
and controlling
model,
which
integrates
a MRP
production
planning
JIT production
system
b
distinguishes
it from
traditional
DBR
is
its assumption
of market
demand
as the
majorand
system
constraint controlling
, even when
an inte
can be assigned
objective
semantics
which
can substitute
face-to-face
cues
tosystem
derive
trust.
factors
on resource
constrains
of be
manufacturing
cell and
order inserting.
Thissystems
model can
to produces
produ
temporarily
emerges.
S-DBR can
easily supported
by traditional
ERP/MRP
andbe
it employed
is specifically
intendedthe
to deal
w
according
thepaper
demand
forecast
markets
theofpull
of JIT production
and
the APSevolutionary
simulation plans,
to carry
out
the
demand. Intothis
we'll
briefly of
review
the and
basics
traditional
DBR, then
introduce
S-DBRand
model.
Then
we'll
process
by means
of the
CRPtwo
andapproaches,
Kanban system
system.
The modelunder
is of great
to implement
pro
differences
between
and and
we'llsimulation
point out the
circumstances
whichimportance
the traditional
DBR modelthe
would
effectively.
presentation at the Constraints Management Special Interest Group (CM - SIG) technical conference, we'll demonstrate the e
the Management Interactive Case Study Simulator (MICSS), a software package designed to simulate an integrated whole b
readers unable to attend the conference, the same business scenario, along with a demonstration version of the MICSS softw
compact disk that will accompany our forthcoming book on the same subject, due for publication in September 2000
citation only

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

No abstract

No abstract

As in many countries, the court system in Israel suffers from long lead time, inadequate due date performance, and poor ser
that putting into practice the Focused Management techniques and philosophies can significantly improve the judicial system
in terms of higher throughput, shorter lead time and better quality, while using the existing resources. The paper discusses t
focused management philosophy adapted to the specific court environment, such as the Theory of Constraints, the global pe
in Time concepts and other tools and techniques. The paper describes a methodology to improve the court system and analy
One
ofprocess
the fundamentals
of by
good
care management
that
is senior
rarely judges
discussed
the literature
is the
complete kit conc
of the
as perceived
94health
presidents,
vice presidents
and
whoinhold
most of the
managerial-judicial
pos
operations,
medical
procedures and processes should not start until all the items required for completion of the job are avail
- IOS Press and
the authors.
include medical documents, medical tools, information etc. Starting a medical procedure with an incomplete kit means more
procedure, longer lead time, more work in process, reduction of throughput, poor quality and impairment of due date perfo
the various facets of the complete kit concept in the health care system and suggests how to implement the complete kit co
One
of the also
fundamentals
of good
health care
management
that
is rarely
in the literature
is the
'completesuch
kit' conc
The paper
incorporates
the complete
kit concept
into the
context
of discussed
well-established
managerial
philosophies
as TO
operations, medical procedures and processes should not start until all the items required for completion of the job are avail
include medical documents, medical tools, information etc. Starting a medical procedure with an incomplete kit means more
procedure, longer lead time, more 'work in process', reduction of throughput, poor quality and impairment of due date perfor
the various facets of the complete kit concept in the health cam system and suggests how to implement the complete kit co
The five-step
"Theory
of Constraints"
as articulated
and
explained
in Goldratt's
books, is touted
as "not
only beneficial
paper also
incorporates
the complete
kit concept
into
the context
of well-established
managerial
philosophies
suchbut
as m
TO
although it is indeed a useful focusing heuristic methodology with an impressive track record, it is not really a theory and it i
Furthermore, it involves a serious internal inconsistency that must be "faced courageously": To make drum-buffer-rope (DBR)
balance, and yet Step 4 involves steps that tend to balance the system. I restrict the term Management by Constraints (MBC
methodology and argue that successful MBC applications never follow the "official version" with complete faithfulness. MBC
This
paper
aims We
at understanding
howand
theplan
pull the
production
approach
can
beconsideration
implementedthe
in avariability
batch-mixand
process
bu
allows
balance.
should go further
capacityplanning
(criticalities)
taking
into
the eco
Constraints
(TOC). Thethe
paper,
after a of
brief
review of
the main
streams
of study
onrelative
TOC , identifies
the key
academic
and they
ma
This entails balancing
criticalities
resources
based
on their
economic
value
to the value
of the
throughput
about
the
processAll
industries.
Among these, a major one concerns production and inventory management for different types
and the
authors.
rights reserved.
need for a transition towards a pull approach. Thus, a case-study is presented, concerning a batch-mix process company, wh
describes the main features of the process, as well as the key decisions and activities performed in such plant in order to lea
Executive
summary
: Lean Six Sigmaof(LSS)
in difficult
economic
timesreserved.
by uncovering process waste, red
system through
the implementation
DBR.produces
2005 -real
IOSresults
Press and
the authors.
All rights
activity, and increasing productivity. The benefits are even felt in IT. According to the consulting firm McKinsey & Company,
application development and maintenance costs by up to 40% and that application development productivity may be impro
applying LSS techniques, freeing budget for needed investments. 1 Business process management (BPM) and service-oriente
combine with LSS to accelerate improvements and results. At the same time, they increase organizational flexibility and tech
Emergency
projects'
optimal
resource
scheduling
a complex
and dynamic
environment.
The who
theory
of constraints
responsiveness.
Many
successful
companies
havecovers
found that
the linkages
are clear.
Early adopters
have
worked theircon
w
determines
thebarriers
whole system's
performance.
Dynamic scheduling
of bottlenecks
can simplify
the complex
system'stoproblem
organizational
are seeing
impressive performance
and financial
results: _x0002_
Improved
responsiveness
market
characteristics
from
the flexible
aspectsbusiness
of the optimal
goals, which
are the machine
processing
charac
through alignedwere
and analyzed
significantly
more
and technical
architectures
_x0002_environment,
Improved ability
to innovate
and
mathematical
was change
then built,
the
hybrid
rescheduling
strategy
andspecific
the improved
genetic
algorithm,
the dyn
differentiation model
by driving
intoand
the using
market
and
tuning
processes to
meet the
needs of
key market
segments
_x
bottleneck
resourcesand
wasan
accomplished.
Finally,
an example
case
demonstrates
the algorithm's
feasibility
and
effectiveness.
through automation
improved ability
to monitor,
detect,
and
respond to problems
by using
real-time
data,
automated
This
paper _x0002_
presentsSignificantly
the application
of simulation-based
procedure
to identify
in a job-shop
Ten jobs
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784412602.0123
escalation
lower
technical implementation
costs
throughbottleneck
shared process
models environment.
and higher levels
of co
problem
(10x10costs
JSP) is
used
to testrisk
thethrough
simulation-based
procedure
for identifying
theimproved
system bottleneck.
The feedback
result from
the
Lower analysis
and
reduced
process simulation
capabilities
and an
ability to gain
and
b
of
confidence
interval
level
(CL)
used
in
throughput
mean
comparison
has
effect
on
the
bottleneck
selection.
Two
scenarios
rewards can be great, especially for those who take action now. This paper is intended to help companies that are leaders ina
different
CL ofto
throughput
mean,
75% CL from
and 90%
The result In
from
experiment
shows
that
CL isand
increased,
th
for new ways
differentiate
themselves
theirCL.
competitors.
thisthe
paper,
we describe
the
keywhen
BPM,%
SOA,
LSS comp
identification
can
besummarize
changed. Thus,
it is necessary
to use
appropriate
number
replications
to match
withnow
the steps
required
between them,
and
the results
that leading
firms
have achieved.
Weofoutline
the think
big, start
that%C
ar
Remanufacturing
is
practice
growing
importance
to increasing
environmental
andhave
regulations.
However,
general,
replications
are of
necessary
when
higher
percentage
of confidence
level is required.
2010
IEEE.
initiative more
forward.
Inathis
paper,
we
also suggest
waysdue
to successfully
avoid
someinterval
of theawareness
barriers
that
hampered
others
stochastic
remanufacturing
process routings (RPR). This paper presents an analytical method, where four Graphical Evaluatio
deliver measurable
results quickly.
(GERT)-based RPR models are proposed to mathematically represent and analyze the variability of remanufacturing task seq
method, the probability of individual processes being taken in a remanufacturing system and the time associated with them
The proposed method is demonstrated through the remanufacturing of used lathe spindles and telephones, and verified by A
Reentrant
flow
is ainvestigate
phenomenon
which a product
revisits
machines
multiple
times
on its production
route. A manu
experiments
that
the in
relationships
between
RPRseveral
dynamics
and other
system
parameters
(such as inventory
cont
reentrant
flow issize
wellfor
recognized
ascontrol)
a highlyare
complex
system. Its reentrance feature challenges the scheduling researchers. T
and time buffer
bottleneck
included.
kind of drum-buffer-rope (DBR) technique proves to be a viable robust method for complex manufacturing system scheduling
DBR-based scheduling for reentrant manufacturing with a novel strategy. First, the multiple reentrant production flow is trans
layer production lines. Then, the DBR-based scheduling algorithm is studied, and a layered scheduling algorithm (LSA) and th
proposed. The proposed layered DBR-based scheduling strategy and the algorithms are demonstrated via a case study. They
some commonly used policies in terms of such performance measures as mean cycle time, work-in-process, and equipment
2012 IEEE.

We examine how to reduce the adverse effects of machine down time by prioritizing production equipment for attention by a
maintenance personnel. The maintenance scheduling policies use system information to determine which machines are the
This information includes repair times, queue lengths, due dates, available capacity, and steady-state utilizations. The effect
are also considered. A discrete-event simulation model of a wafer fabrication facility is used to examine the performance of t
indicate that the choice of maintenance scheduling policy can significantly affect system performance under restrictive staffi
There
are many
kinds of
in real-world
production
caused
performance
is shown
to delay
be sensitive
to small
changes systems
in staffing
level. by many reasons including unexpected accidents. A
great damages for not only itself but also the other affected orders. To prevent these types of loss from frequent delay, DBR
scheduling method of TOC (Theory of Constraints) manages production schedule observing the state of time buffers. The cur
method for DBR scheduling is very simple and depends on user's experience. Although it makes possible to keep the due tim
leads to the redundant production lead time and stock. For DBR scheduling, it is not clear how the buffer size should be set.
In
recent years,
there
been
an increasing
withproviding
regard toaavailable
provided
independent
proposes
a buffer
size has
setting
method
for DBRdemand
scheduling
numericalelemental
model forservices
the buffer
size. Inby
addition,
a simufi
services.
Currently,
whenever
is difficult
to maintain
the required
level of
of a new
composite
web service
comparison
betweenhowever,
the current
methoditand
the proposed
method,
and the effect
of quality
the proposed
method
is shown.
computer's resources as provisioning at the data center is not always effective, especially in the area of performance for com
providers. Thus, a new approach might be required. This paper presents a new control method aiming to maintain the perfor
composite web services. There are three aspects of our method that are applied: first of all, the theory of constraints (TOC) p
In
Indonesia,
Bioproduction
system
hasnon-linear
much similarity
with the
Micro-Small-Medium
Agroindustry
(MSMA).
some specia
secondly,
an evaluation
process
in the
feed forward
controlling
method: and
finally multiple
trialsThe
in applying
polic
the
use of conventional
semi-manual
machine,
importance
of skill
labor
in operations,
capital utiliza
particular,
we will discuss
the architectural
and the
theoretical
aspects
of the
method
in detail,and
andless
will intensive
show the of
insufficiency
of
Constrained
Machine with
(CCM)
is essential
for
the process and material capacity. The CCM can be described as a mac
controlling approach
TOC
as a result
ofbalancing
our evaluation.
equal with incoming material so that the fluctuation of incoming material flow possible to shift the CCM into a bottleneck con
objective of this research is to identify CCM and bottleneck in a MSMA process, and developing its control mechanism. The o
Worker
capacity is?Temp
influenced
by various
standard
physical,and
mood
andqueue
environment.
Themultiple-server
Capacity Constraine
in half-fermented
industry.
Singlefactors
queue of
model
with time,
single-server
single
model with
were
described
a worker
capacity
closethe
or equal
with incoming
material
so that
of the
incoming
material
flows
po
bottleneck.asThe
research
result is
shows
workstation
of soaking
I process
couldthe
befluctuation
identified as
CCM and
Soaking
II cou
bottleneck condition
of process.
and station.
bottleneck
is essential to maintain
planned
product
flow in
each
w
based on the
averageRecognizing
waiting timeCCW
of each
Drum-buffer-rope
algorithmthe
was
proposed
to control
CCM
and
the
research
to identify
control
CCW and bottleneck.
case study
of this
research
is in half-fermented
?Temp
indus
arrival
rate ofiseach
stationand
in the
bioproduction
system was The
improved
in term
of balance
process
using the lowest
service
rat
were identified using 4 parameters of standard time, profile of mood status, heart rate and environmental condition. The res
This
studywas
attempts
to enhance
the
enterprises
by was
adjusting
the delivery
dates taking
into account
thea
the CCW
identified
on worker
ofresponsiveness
peeling station of
while
bottleneck
identified
on the worker
of threshing
station.ofThe
schedules
in a supply chain.
To enhance
responsiveness,
we suggest
a due-date
assignment
anddeviation
re-negotiation
proc
inside the Bioproduction
system
was balanced
using the lowest
service
rate. A buffer
time is method
derived by
between
s
processing
system.
due-date
assignment
is designed algorithm.
with the concept
of categorized
priorities
and
t
and bottleneck
and The
balanced
arrival
rate usingmethod
Drum-Buffer-Rope
Buffer time
was addedcustomers'
before threshing
and
pee
designed with the concept of the partial delivery and due-date delay allowances. Usually, the due-dates have been considere
exogenous parameters or fixed endogenous variables set by manufacturers. However, those are customary in some industri
Theory
of Constraints,
with its five
steps
for constraint
elimination,
is viewed
a continuous
process.
This pap
manufacturing,
that customers
often
request
changes for
their delivery
datesas
after
placing animprovement
order if something
unexpected
potential
use in
early
planning
stages,
during the
design of asales
manufacturing
system.
The constraint
and its
loca
observations,
wethe
also
propose
a new
architecture
of responsive
order processing
system
based onresource
Web Services
and
U
with
the constraint's
location
beinginformation.
anywhere inthe
system.
Having the constraint
different
locations
(i.e., upstream or do
technologies
for reliable
real-time
2010
IFIP International
Federationinfor
Information
Processing.
different behaviors of the system. The impact on a matured lean system with moving assembly line needs to be investigated
manufacturing system with a series of tandem moving assembly lines and single piece flow will be used to analyze different
A
visual presentation
of "Improving
Flowthe
Using
Theory of Constraints,
" presented
by moved
Cathy Modaro
during
the May
constraints.
Through discrete
event Patient
simulation,
manufacturing
system constraint
will be
to different
locations
to1d
Solutions
is presented.
location ofConference,
the constraint
has on throughput.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

How the theory of constraint's drum-buffer-rope (DBR) logistical system and buffer management concepts can be applied to
significantly improve overall line productivity is explained. The resource constraint is the key to achieving maximum line outp
may create a loss of line output through 3 distinct mechanisms: breakage, starvation, and blockage. Simulation was used to
different buffering strategies on a unbalanced production line that is subject to both unplanned disruptions and line changeo
provide significant protection for the constraint from the planned disruptions of the set-up process. The DBR strategy strips p
Line
balancing
hasnon-constraint
a place in paced
assembly
manufacturing,
in flow line
situations.
The
theory
of constraints
is
breakdowns
from
resources
andline
concentrates
all of but
the not
protection
at the
constraint
- the
resource
that ultimat
productivity
performance.improvement since it is concerned with the welfare of the company, not just the optimization of the manufactur
performance measurements such as throughput, inventory, and operational expense help us check whether we really are ma
improvement.

The optimal placement of a predetermined amount of buffer capacity in balanced serial production lines is a well-understood
moderate variability, the optimal allocation involves equal numbers of buffers at each site in lines with severe variability, the
slightly to place more buffers toward the center of the line. Buffering unbalanced lines is a much less well-understood proble
buffering serial lines with moderate variability and a single bottleneck i.e., a single station with a larger mean processing tim
analysis shows that a bottleneck station draws buffers toward it, but the optimal allocation depends on the location and seve
Anthe
effective
inventory
replenishment
method implemented
in the
supply chain
is oneprocessing
of the key times
success
to achieve
l
as
number
of buffers
available. Furthermore,
relatively large
imbalances
in mean
arefactors
required
to shift th
maintaining
high
customer
delivery
performance.
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)
Supply
System
away from an
equal
allocation.
Finally,
line length The
appears
to have
a relatively
small
effectChain
on theReplenishment
optimal allocation
with(TOC
ag
solutions
to get
multi-echelon
supply
chain.
The
TOC -SCRS
is abe
replenishment
method
of theunbalanc
TOC sup
suggest that,
at this
leastimprovement
for the class in
of alines
studied here,
equal
buffer
allocations
may
optimal except
in severely
a
global managerial
that helps
thetomanager
to concentrate
on the most
criticalissues.
The TOC -SCRS is based
severely
unbalancedmethodology
lines, throughput
appears
be insensitive
to the allocation
of buffers.
1996 "IIE".
strategies to decouple the bullwhip effect (or excess inventory in each node) and maintain the inventory availability to consu
Abstract
available
"Theto
World
ofdemand
the Theory
of Constraints"
node holds
enoughinstock
cover
during
the time it takes to reliably replenish (2) each node only needs to replenish
SCRS is now being implemented by a growing number of companies. The performance reported by the implemented compan
inventory level, lead-time and transportation costs and increasing forecast accuracy and customer service levels. However, t
is lack in the literature. In this study, the concept and method of TOC -SCRS is first reviewed and modeled. A virtual supply c
designed to show the behavior of the TOC -SCRS. A three factorial experiment, i.e., fluctuation of demand, time of replenishm
Abstract
available
in "The
World oftothe
Theory
Constraints"
replenishment,
is then
presented
explore
theoffeasibility
and effectiveness of TOC -SCRS. A simulation model is designed to

The main objective of this article is to point a set of practical strategies that can be adopted to increase the capacity of cons
production systems, when the constraint is inside the factory and not is in the market. To serve this purpose will be presente
practices of the Theory of Constraints, Lean Manufacturing and Total Productive Maintenance. This article also presents the m
deployment of these methodologies. The survey results have provided an objective set of practical strategy that can be used
productivity of production systems according to the needs of each manufacturing system. [PUBLICATION ]
The main objective of this study is to analyse some points of convergence and divergence between the Theory of Constraint
an integrated manner for the continuous improvement of operating manufacturing systems. This research also aims to adva
the fundamental principles of such methodologies by performing a comparative analysis of critical issues. The focus of the d
review the literature to identify the mains similarities and differences between these two approaches when applied in an inte
systems. To conduct this research, we carry out a broad literature review of the state of the art on the topic of Operations Ma
The
drum-buffer-rope
is a
underhave
the Theory
of Constraints (TOC)
philosophy.
In DBR,
drum
study
suggest that the(DBR)
Theory
ofscheduling
Constraintstechnique
and Six Sigma
many complementary
elements
that overlap
and
that aisvaa
rope
is on
a mechanism
to release
materialatocomparative
the bottleneck,
and buffer
is used
to protect
bottleneck
from
explored
this issue. As
a result,the
thisrequired
study conducts
analysis
of 28 critical
criteria
of thethe
Theory
of Constrain
fluctuations.
For a approaches.
non-identical[PUBLICATION
parallel machine
understand these
] flow shop environment , estimating rope and time buffer is not an easy task
of non-identical parallel machine loading. This paper proposes a new scheduling method, which is called modified DBR (Mod
finite capacity scheduling technique instead of the rope in traditional DBR. A simulation model is constructed to investigate t
Identifying
bottlenecks
and potential
bottlenecks
is important
in any
operation,
often
so in process
manufacturing
methods, priority
dispatching
rules, and
load levels
on tardiness,
earliness,
flow but
time,
andmore
bottlenecks
utilization.
The resulto
lines
run around
clock,methods
seven days
per week,
at or near
full capacity,
so extra
time is notutilization.
available However,
to create additional
outperform
otherthe
loading
in terms
of tardiness,
average
flow time,
and bottleneck
ModDBR isca
improving
performance
thestill
bottleneck
step,
if there islocation
one (and
there
frequently
is), islevel
critical
meeting customer deman
earliness. These
findingsofare
valid when
bottleneck
and
protective
capacity
aretochanged.
just as often due to reliability problems and equipment downtime as they are to inherent capacity limitations, so TPM and OE
even more important in process plants. The theory of constraints provides an effective process to manage bottlenecks and e
The
implementation
of TOC
processIfknown
as drum-buffer-rope
in the
company's
distrib
constrained
by upstream
or manufacturing
downstream outages.
a bottleneck
exists within a(DBR)
process,
managing
andfinished
openinggoods
it up is
usua
discussed.
foundation
of TOC has
enabled
identifyThus
constraints
ofdeserves
a systemsignificant
and manage
that constraint
toinmaximize
p
alternative The
to increase
throughput
than
capital to
projects.
the topic
attention
and focus
capacity-li
The
steps which
represent can
the process
of ongoing
improvement
include identification
of the constraint,
exploiting the co
Goodfive
bottleneck
management
reduce inventory
and
cost and significantly
increase throughput
and revenue.
everything to the constraint, elevating the constraint, and repeating and avoiding the inertia. The main objective of this impl
the physical and processing cycle time in the DCs. The DCs that have made the change to DBR have increased performance
Abstractwork
available
in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"
relaxed
environments.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

The need to do better is said to be the motivation behind many companies looking beyond MRP to achieve competitiveness.
improvements is given. The importance of the production process constraints is outlined. Throughput planning is held up as
an early article which does not outline TOC as such but recognises the importance of the constraint in the system. Benefits o
lowering work in process inventories are mentioned. Set-up time reduction is considered. The author walks the reader throug
production schedules. A philosophy of making only that which is required by the customer is mentioned. The TOC concepts o
amount of work in process inventory to achieve the throughput is mentioned. In order to co-ordinate the production process
at a certain time a fixed rate schedule is recommended by the author. Mixed Model Scheduling is mentioned as a means of b
test / finishing schedule. Much of the article considers 70s and 80s manufacturing theory such as line balancing and line load
this paper is dedicated to constraint management. A basic outline is given and reference made to JIT. Goldratt's OPT system
Drum-Buffer-Rope. The paper concludes with the comment that throughput planning is the next step in the evolution of plann
resources. Focusing management attention on improving the rate of conversion of inventory into sales dollars is said to be w

Shifting economic bottleneck identification aims to improve the overall throughput of manufacturing system. Firstly the two n
sensitivity of machine and corresponding economic bottleneck, are mathematically defined. Secondly considering both throu
duration of machine, a new two-dimensional bottleneck indicator named active throughput and duration (ATD) is presented a
Gantt chart is given for scheduling representation. Thirdly the shifting economic bottleneck identification (SEBI) method is pr
momentary economic bottleneck or statistically stable bottleneck. What's more, it also works well when facing the sole econ
Line
balancing
problemand
is the
bottleneck
of flow
production.
How
adjust job
the shop
line to
decrease the
pressure
of bottleneck
wo
economic
bottlenecks
shifting
economic
bottleneck.
Finally
a to
practical
scheduling
problem
is optimized
and the
mistake
rate
the frequent
focusAlso
in production.
In the
paper,the
Theory
of Assembly
(TAB) ismethod
put forward
to design
rhyth
gained by
theisproposed
method.
a comparison
between
proposed
methodBuffer
and existing
is made.
The results
worker's
degree
is for
built.
Dynamic
and multi-time
rhythm
adjustment of line balancing is achieved. The instanc
approachtension
is effective
andmodel
explicit
shifting
economic
bottleneck
identification.
methods put forward can effectively eliminate the negative impacts of bottleneck operation on the stability of successive flo

Aiming at the production model of focusing on pulping and muti-equipment scattered paper-making, this paper proposes a p
of the processing program of paper-making system, starting with pulp and paper balancing as entry point. In order to preser
the previous generation and reduce the disruptive effects of genetic operator, this paper uses the niche genetic algorithm fo
simulation proof, this method was proved by the case to have high efficiency for scheduling problems and practical values.

Based on implementation mechanisms of DBR(Drum-Buffer-Rope)production planning controlling system in single production

application area of the DBR system and presented some basic operation principles for supply chain management.Then a fram
supply chain was constructed, and discussed its implementation mechanisms including planning, buffering and controlling m
coordinating planning and controlling model supporting operation of the DBR system was also established.Based on corpora
system in the single enterprise node and in the supply chain, the model can be applied to implement coordinating planning c
Determining
product mix connects
to theproduction
benefit of an
enterprise.
Based
the methods of determining bottlenecks in TOC
through order-objectoriented
distributed
controlling
mode
andon
e-Kanban.
determining is infeasible under the TOC with multiple constraints, a new heuristic method simultaneously concerned with the
constraint is presented. The method is clearly illustrated by dividing into five steps. A simulation is used to show the conveni
new method in the end.

To improve the management and the overall benefits of enterprises, a new optimal method of business management-the bot
introduced, which includes the definition and the feature analysis of enterprise bottleneck (BN) systematic classification of e
BN identification method: checking table method, experts diagnosis method, problem discovering method and contrastive m
formation of enterprise BN the evaluation method and elimination rules of enterprise BN, and related work procedures. Finall
application case, the results of which show that the new method is of great value in application and dissemination.
This paper focuses on a Flexible Flow Shop (FFS) problem in a paint company in an attempt to minimize production makespa
characterized by multiple products being produced in machines in stages with sequence dependent set up times and infinite
the FFS problem is computationally complex, two heuristic methods are employed to solve the Mixed Integer Linear Program
formulated. The first heuristic is based on the Theory of Constraints and the second heuristic is based on a Genetic Algorithm
approach has resulted in a better production makespan.
Business Process Reengineering BPR is an effective measure for enterprises to enhance their competence . By means of usin
critical process, the business process could be analyzed and controlled dynamically, and the constraining links could be foun
Constraints(TOC) can be used to improve and reengineer the constraints and then the competitive edge of enterprises can b
steps of process modeling by means of Petri net and the principle of TOC, this paper put forward an approach of process ree
Petri net, and a case study is introduced.
In order to resolve bottleneck identification and shifting problem, based on a probabilistic analysis method which includes th
start probability, individual demand probability of operation for machine and machine aggregate demand, a look-ahead heur
machine with the highest aggregate demand probability for the most contended machine/time interval is considered likely th
subproblem, is designed for identifying bottleneck machine dynamically.Finally, The simulation and factual application valida
bottleneck machine effectively and reduce complication of solving large-scale job shop scheduling problems.
This paper discusses principles of traditional business process reengineering(BPR), appiles Theory of Constraints(TOS)to the
systems, and puts forward a methodology for the reenhineering based on TOC. The methodology is employed to analyze and
processes on the basis of TOC, redesign production systems with constraints, and establish a set of evaluation indices for the
systemic evaluation indices of TOC, so as to dynamically evaluate the effect of the reengineering.

The Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology from the "Theory of Constraints" is adapted to a research manufacturing environment w
authors begin with an overview of semiconductor manufacturing practices and the production control/lot start algorithms cu
industry. A brief introduction to semiconductor wafer manufacturing and Motorola's Advanced Products Research and Develo
environment is also included. The Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology is described first for a manufacturing line which does not h
Drum-Buffer-Rope methodology is then adapted to account for re-entrant flows by calculating the workload on the bottleneck
Abstract available
in "The World
of the Theory
of APRDL
Constraints"
allocating
WIP accordingly.
This approach
allows
to quickly accept or reject jobs based on their effect on the bottlenec
increase throughput by 150% and reduce cycle time by 20% at Motorola's Advanced Products Research and Development La
This dynamic production control system enables better production scenarios. Ancillary benefits to internal and external custo
are explored.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

As the title suggests this is part two of our industrial drama where our heroic job applicant is set to save the world from the e
accounting and local optima production schedules. The Lego process simulation is continually modified, in a process of conti
numbers come out right. A predictable ending sees our hero get the job over a well educated , but ignorant of TOC , relative
submitted a business rescue plan based on conventional cost accounting. Our hero and TOC prevails while nepotism fails. Th
instance returned a monthly profit of $25k for the plant. Mechanisms used include the TOC product mix decision method, Dr
The
drum-buffer-rope
logistics
can help
facilities
operate
a minimum
of inventory
and
expenses.
By applying
aD
assume
the five focusing
steps.system
Two relevant
points
come
to mindwith
when
considering
this article.
Firstly
flexibility
in the hours
and
time buffers
you may
be able
able to
to be
boost
yourfor
manufacturing
efficiency.
is the
to decide
wh
machinist
meant appropriately,
a constraint resource
was
utilised
an extra 50%plant's
each day.
DuringThe
thisfirst
timestep
does
constrain
is
a V-, A-, or
T-plant.
a useful
for classifying
and analyzing
manufacturing
operations,
scheduling
predict
theThis
pullclassification
effect of the provides
constraint,
duringstructure
the previous
shift, and over
produce to
ensure that the
constraintp
valuable
about how
to manage
their
process
effectively.
operatingperspectives
outside the normal
production
times?
The
second
comment is not only related to the two "Fable " works by Osten
several other works that detail the application of TOC in real world situations. Many works seem to apply TOC in "rescue mis
The
theory doom
of constraints
alive
and well
manufacturing
around
globe.
manufacturing
is notThe
theque
on
impending
providesisthe
stimulus
forin
the
managementenvironments
of the organisation
tothe
apply
thisBut
alternative
philosophy.
TOC
canin
play
a productive
One the
TOCdecision
tool theto
drum-buffer-rope
approach
can have
a positive
impact
on administrative
fu
appear,
many
instances,role.
to leave
change operating
philosophies
so late
is worthy
of addressing
but this wi
present
a short
case study
that illustrates
the benefits
of implementing
in the sales
department
of a manuf
The issue
that deserves
comment
here concerns
the "public"
perceptiondrum-buffer-rope
of TOC and its purpose
as a new
management
philo
applications involve plants or organisations which are in difficulties. Could this possibly create a false image that TOC is just
applied to stumbling operations? Where are the works which apply TOC to successful organisations, or at least organisations
Purpose
- The
extremely
environment
forces
enterprises
to use
more sophisticated
tools/methodologies.
problems?
Thenew
benefits
of thedemanding
changes are
potentially just
as the
great.
Speculation
suggests
it is possible management
of an or
modelling
simulation
areThe
some
of those
tools/methodologies
that
are growing
in management
their complexity
in order to
respond
to t
not brokenand
don't
fix it" view.
potential
losses
associated with a
radical
change in
philosophy
may
be suffici
the
principles
of strategy
to However
modellingthe
and
simulation
leads competition
to creation of
models. This p
remain
contented
with thealignment
status quo.
increase
in global
is vertical
likely tohybrid
mean simulation
continued improvement
issues.
Design/methodology/approach
- This
paper
shows
justification
building benefit
a hybridtosimulation
model which
for a comple
for an organisation
to remain competitive
in the
long
term.the
TOC
must be ofofpotential
an organisation
wants
example.
In general,
system
dynamics
(SD) is used for simulation of strategic issues and discrete event simulation (DES) is u
it is to those
who want
to become
successful.
A
lean supply
chain
is imperative
to holistic
compete
in today's
is there
simple
approach
build of
and
managemodels.
a lean s
operational
level.
Attempts
to build
models
only market.
with SD But
or only
with aDES
usually
end into
design
simplified
lean
thinking
the theory
constraints
to evolve
effective
strategy.
Synergies
these
two philosophies
enhanc
approach
howand
to combine
SDofwith
DES in order
to getan
better
models
than using
eitherbetween
modelling
paradigms
exclusively.
Find
and
promote
a smooth
flow
products
across that
the supply
shown
that this
approach
is of
justified
(meaning
it giveschain
more accurate and reliable results with reasonable efforts) in eve
Practical implications - This kind of modelling and simulation can generally help the (industrial) engineers in optimization of d
optimization of the warehousing space, batches, manpower, etc. holistically and with higher accuracy. Originality/value - Alth
The management
theory
constraints
is discussed
through
an account
of happenings
at a production
plant. of the impleme
hybrid
models have
been of
reported
(treating
only very
few industries),
they
very rarely tackle
the justification
paper justifies the hybrid approach through an example of optimization of the sales force in the pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

A conversation on what Japan's "core statement" is and its position on cutting operating expenses through minimizing invent
question of when inventory is a liability or an asset is discussed.

A discussion of the latest fads and fashions in manufacturing focuses on automation. The idea behind the fad may be sound,
innovation ends up that causes problems

A step-by-step analysis of engineering as the key to competition in today's environment is presented, focusing on product, p

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Some of the reasons why cost accounting obscures business decisions are discussed. One man says that if people are accep
because the concept was once valid, it only became damaging when people continued to use it after circumstances had cha

To tear down the walls of distrust in an organization, one has to attack some of the organization's devasting policies and dare
fundamental measurements, not just play with human-relations issues

This paper explores the simultaneous batch splitting and scheduling problem for identical parallel production lines, which is d
machine scheduling in that the processing time of a batch on parallel production lines is not fully proportional to that of a pro
formula is derived to determine the processing time of a batch on a production line which is not taken as a single machine fo
lower bound is provided for the starting time of a batch production, which overlaps the previous one. A sufficient condition fo
availability of the end buffer is given and proven mathematically with respect to a continuously delivered batch. Based on th
Firstly,
this paper
introduces
evolution
of Theory
of Constraint(TOC)
concepts
such as
constraint,
complexity
is unrelated
to thethe
batch
size iscourse
proposed
to obtain
the starting timeand
of asome
batchbasic
production.
Finally,
a heuristic
me
steps
and is
DBR
model.Then,
it discusses
the revelation
of TOCproblems
to the management
of university
libraries.This
paper
algorithm
constructed
to solve
the splitting
and scheduling
simultaneously.
Numerical
experiments
showholds
that tha
thi
object
ofthe
university
on the lines.
one hand,
its the
finalproposed
object should
be made
clear, thatmore
is, offering
literature
and
informatio
balance
loads oflibraries,
the production
In fact,
approach
is significantly
effective
than the
existing
met
hand,
it's necessary
and also possible
to establish
and
management
and scheduling
on production
lines (each
of which a
is scientific
considered
asmeasurable
a single machine
for bothindex
batchsystem.The
and item). constraint of l
readers'demand, when we make work plan, we should focus on this constraint and set a buffer before the constraint so as to
In
this study,
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)-based method was developed to enhance the efficiency of business processes. W
demanded
byathe
readers
initially.
employed in manufacturing processes, the present paper shows that it can be effective also for Business Process Manageme
the TOC to business processes, a Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling method for a Business Process Management System (B
procedure by which business process efficiency can be improved using these concepts is presented. To validate our approach
real banking process was conducted, on the basis of which the applicability of the proposed method was analyzed. Based on
This
study
proposes
layercan
production
to monitor
status of
the buffer.under
A dispatching
rule is applied
to decide
the
that the
TOC
-based the
method
improvebuffer
business
processthe
efficiency,
particularly
heavy workloads
with limited
resour
buffer
statusseveral
deviation
of each re-entrant
with the
consideration
of the re-entry
feature, termed
as SDBRReentiy,
in a Sc
R
accordingly,
guidelines
that can belayer
followed
for the
efficient management
of business
processes.
2010 Springer
SDBRReentiy in a RFS, this paper compares four methods, the abovementioned method, traditional SDBR, the applications o
ratio in a simulated RFS environment. The resulting outcomes that compare to six approaches indicate that our proposed me
in a RFS. Hence, this method has better performances when an increase in re-entrance orders of product mix result in the be
The
growing phenomenon
ofmachines
competitors
that use
a common
system
raises
challenging strategic an
Furthermore,
the bottleneck
operate
at full
capacity.interorganizational
2011 Asian Network
for(IOS)
Scientific
Information.
Sometimes organizations join IOS initiatives although it seems to weaken their competitive position. This paper analyzes, in
automated Tel-Aviv Continuous Trading system (TACT) implemented by the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) and its members,
inauguration. It examines TACT's organizational feasibility and its critical success factors, using the Theory of Constraints (TO
paper provides a comprehensive analysis of one system, including the point of view of both the initiator (TASE) and the parti
Supply
chain management
is a topic
that
manyescalated
practitioners
and
generally
find
to understand
(Boudette,
2
TACT's implementation
complexity
was
further
since
allstudents
users had
to convert
todifficult
it simultaneously.
Therefore,
intens
supply
chain
game that
they have
found
be an banks,
effective
tool had
to increase
student
and comprehension
of supply
required,
especially
between
Is rael's
fiveto
largest
which
seemingly
facedinterest
a valuein
paradox
of IOS, since TACT
was
supply
chainposition
game literature
is briefly
reviewed.
The
poker
chip
game is discussed
respect
to the
well-known Beer
Gam
competitive
by reducing
customer
lock-in.
This
study
contributes
to the in- with
forming
science
transdiscipline
by extend
multi-product,
multi-customer,
multi-echelon,
stochastic
supply
chain game
to teachanalysis
the problems
of traditional
push m
interorganizational
contexts, and
by introducing
the Theory
of Constraints
asused
an effective
tool that
can be integrated
quantity/reorder
point and the
Min-Max
inventory
and the elements
of the provides
new pull guidelines
models (Just
and Theory
of C
framework. It emphasizes
importance
of amodels)
neutral managing
intermediary,
forinTime
successful
IOS implem
the maincritical success factor is information systems management skills.

Dynamic pricing is crucial to supply chain system survival and development, and it is an important foundation for inter-firm c
introduces the complexity of structure and relationship of supply chain system constructed with the products chain, and intro
searching for the supply chain system constraints by using theory of constraints (TOC) and combined weighted geometric av
The paper proposes a method of dynamic pricing strategy considering the structure complexity and the relationship complex
The price of the product of the constraint's link is regarded as the pricing criterion, and the constraints set is regarded as the
Operations
managersof
are
now
more than
ever
acutelythrough
aware of
the
importance
of Manufacturing
Leadnot
Times
Tremend
paper. The feasibility
this
strategy
is also
analyzed
the
numerical
simulation.
These works
only(MLT).
expand
the ap
increased
increased responsiveness,
decreased
in processof(WIP)
inventories,
improved
dueand
datepricing
performance
attributes flexibility,
group decision-making
technology, and
enhancework
the reliability
identifying
system
constraints
criterio
goods
inventory can
be realized
a shorter MLT.
US manufacturers
not beenand
very
successfulconstrain
at effort
best performance
of supply
chainwith
management,
andUnfortunately,
improve the system
in the cycle have
of identifying
eliminating
especially true for those companies using MRP. In MRP, component lead times are often exaggerated to insure that sufficient
completion of all components. With the exaggeration of component lead times comes an increased manufacturing lead time
accepted weekly time bucket, a product with six levels in its bill of materials requires a minimum of six weeks to manufactur
companies have failed to significantly reduce MLT is the overemphasis on machine utilizations. When plant performance is b
shop floor foremen try to maintain a sufficient level of work in front of their department to ensure that the machines are nev
these large queues at each workcentre, a high level of WIP in the entire plant is maintained. And, due to the direct relationsh
WIP to be discussed later, as the level of WIP increases, a proportional increase in lead time follows.

Focuses on the synchronous manufacturing system (SMS), a manufacturing management methodology that introduces vario
help increase the performance of the system for optimum production quantity. Enlightens the effects of bottleneck resources
suggests remedies for synchronized flow in the shop floor. Also recommends methods for production control in synchronous
together the concepts and elements of marketing and manufacturing along with production quantity. Gives information abou
be taken into consideration while applying synchronous manufacturing methodology in marketing and manufacturing. Shows
This
simulation
future
scope. study explores and compares the potential benefits of three work-in-process (WIP) inventory drive systems a
buffer characteristics. The three inventory drives are a push, a pull and a hybrid push/pull system. While these systems have
their buffer management systems vary. The statistical analysis associated with the study was based on data gathered from t
flow-shop assembly line environments. Hypotheses concerning the financial performance measurements were established. T
were controlled and manipulated for each of the models. From the statistical analysis, a conclusion was drawn as to which sy
Because
current strong
trend,
manufacturers
and planners
areand
more
willing to being
cooperate
in as
many
aspects
su
operationofoptimum
results.globalization
While inventory
has
traditionally been
considered
is currently
shown
an asset
from
planning
andfrom
so on.
capacity
planning
of supply
chain should
alsothe
beminimal
done in order
to maximize
the overallwill
inteh
it is obvious
theAccordingly,
findings of this
study,
that excess
WIP inventory,
above
requirements
for production,
Capacity
planning in supply
chain isindifferent
from traditional capacity planning which confined single enterprise. Firstly, the
financial measurements
evaluated
this study.
capacity planning in supply chain is discussed. Secondly, the types of capacity planning are presented and method of capaci
of planning is also studied. Thirdly, the framework for integrated planning system is given and its function model is describe
It
is essential
control plant
inventory,
improveofproduction
IDEF0.
Finally,to
a effective
case is presented
to show
the validation
this study.efficiency, reduce production cost and raise product de
that the fast and effective optimization software's application of magnetic multi-process coordination production planning. Th
integration of production planning problem to solve multi-process, multi-device, multi-stage's planning, which based on theo
planning problem takes enterprise benefit as goal and takes bottleneck resources in the production process as system constr
research result into optimization software of magnetic multi-process coordination production planning. The practical applicat
demonstrates the design and development of this software's feasibility and necessity.

This paper presents an analytical continuous-time Markov chain approach for modeling a repair system with interchangeable
allocation. As an important type of a repair-service system, a repair system with interchangeable components features the c
assembled circularly with interchangeable-component inventories after a piece of equipment is disassembled. Despite the im
difficulties in model formulating and performance analyzing arise due to the complex fork/join structure and the particular ex
component inventories. In this paper, a continuous-time Markov chain stochastic model is developed with a repair system wi
The
synchronization
of manufacturing
and engineering
is crucial
for companies
the engineer
to order or the
make
order
components
under precedence
constraints.
The stationary
distributions
are theninattained
with programming
and
the to
perform
competitive
advantage of
these companies
is based between
on the flexible
fulfillment
customer
requirements.
A shortage
of engin
numerical experiments.
Particularly
the relationship
the key
resourcesofand
the performance
indicators
is studied
to
Germany,
is especially
threatening to these
face this challenge, the productivity of engineering has to be incre
resource allocation.
Springer-Verlag
Berlincompanies.
Heidelberg To
2013.
the field of productivity improvement measures have been gained in production management until today. The objective of th
investigate, if production management principles could be applied to engineering management. Engineering and manufactu
Since
society
holds school
systemsBased
accountable
for providing
skills
that prepare
students
for life, educators
must
deal
with th
and the
similarities
are identified.
on this evaluation
two
possible
bottleneck
management
approaches
from
manufact
mandate.
In the thinking
processes known as the theory of constraints, a problem is not clearly defined until it is presented a
their applicability
in engineering.
necessary conditions. In order to serve their stakeholders, educators need to be accountable for results and must teach only
measured. They also need to prepare students for the workplace and effective citizenship. In order to meet this objective the
than academic ones.
An improved DBR scheduling method is proposed based on discrete system simulation method. The simulation model is esta
resources and determine the buffer. The improved simulated annealing is used to optimize and determine the DBR control pa
results confirm the accuracy and validity of presented method.

Shipbuilding is a typical build to order industry. It has a business model that generates revenues from building various ships
accordance with owners requirements at each production stage. Under uncertainty in shipping market, it is very essential fo
the fast and competitive decision for product portfolio strategy in order to maximize contribution margin by exploiting produ
constraints. TOC (theory of constrains) proposed by Dr. Goldratt in 1979 has been evolved into a management philosophy w
spanning a multitude of operations management sub-disciplines.[1] In this study, we introduce the unique decision supportin
Products
in the semiconductor
manufacturing
industry
usually have
characteristics
of having
short
life-spans,
volatility
dem
optimal product
portfolio sets based
on TOC . This
methodology
is established
by adopting
the
concept
of Drum
Buffer in
Rope
Applying
the demand-pull
approach
and buffer management
(DPBM)
suggested
by .the
Theory ofDecision
Constraints
(TOC) toSystem
manag
planning and
Throughput Account
(TA)[3][4][5]
in management
accounting
of TOC
In addition,
Supporting
products
doesmethodology.
not efficientlyThis
respond
to the unpredicted
demand change
thuswith
could
potentially
in either excessive
inve
applying this
DSS system
provides a throughput
estimator
reflecting
theresult
cost structure
of shipbuildin
research
a new buffer
adjustment
mechanism
to improve DPBM approach
by applying
methodology
of Exponen
simulatorproposed
built on heuristic
algorithms
to operate
major constraint-resources
in shipyard
such as the
dock,
quay and pre-erection
Average
(EWMA)
to integrate
the
true demands
and theand
rolling
forecasts
of marketsupport
in orderthe
to make
the decision-making
stock replenishing
d
are presented
to show
that the
proposed
methodology
system
can effectively
strategic
pro
This
paper
presents
an initial
research
that explores
theto
awareness
and the
adoption
of Lean of
Manufacturing
Lean Six
data
provided
by a wafer
foundry
in Taiwan
is analyzed
demonstrate
effectiveness
the proposed(LM),
approach.
TheSigm
stud
company.
Manufacturing
(QRM)
and Theory
Of Constraints
the
Greek aengineering
sector.
An exploratory
and
study
proposed idea can
indeed
keep a lower
inventory(TOC)
level in
and
provide
higher service
standard
in contrast
to descriptive
the traditional
DP
webbased questionnaire survey designed and validated. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 300 engin
From the 300 questionnaires, 47 responses were obtained and the data analysed using descriptive statistics. In general term
Greek engineering organisations are relatively unaware of the examined operations improvement approaches, and thus their
Product
Driven
Systemsat(PDS)
architecture
emulation
systems
events
simulation
is concern
then often
to b
limited or
non-existent
all. This
research needs
constitutes
a document
of[13].
high Discrete
value and
a reason
for great
forused
the Gree
emulation
model design
not a trivial
task. Also,
the goal of
this paper isinthe
study
of the
design
of a simulation
model
by re
obtain an overview
of theisGreek
organisations
operational
performance
terms
of the
extent
at which
they employ
improve
According
to theory
of constraints,
weresearchers
want to build
reduced
modelsinterested
composedinexclusively
bottlenecks methods
and a neural
addition, this
study offers
academics,
and
practitioners
operationsby
improvement
withnetw
som
perceptron,
is development
used. The structure
of the
network
is determined
adoption and
of LM, LSS,
QRM
and TOC
in Greece. by using a pruning procedure. This work focuses on the impa
results. This approach is applied to sawmill internal supply chain.

U.S. Federal Government contracting has continually been assailed for waste and inefficiency. After a failed technological sol
Resource Planning (ERP) procurement, and several insufficient operational solutions such as Lean Six Sigma to improve proc
management at United States Supply Services (USSS) turned to the Theory of Constraints (TOC) after learning about its succ
two year period of 2008-2010, for the thirteen TOC implemented procurement divisions there was an average of a 46% impr
rates while in the three control divisions the improvement was only 8%. It was also found that information transparency, the
of in
a manufacturing
line
of multiple
equipments
is measured,
in many
cases,
productivity
of the
isProductivity
transformed
the supply chain,
is made
a key up
element
of TOC
success. This
research adds
to the
TOC as
body
of knowledge
bybot
sh
terms
of overallsystem
equipment
effectiveness
(OEE).
ForGovernment
this to hold true,
some limitations
apply
such
having
a series
layout o
administrative
in one
of the largest
Federal
contracting
organizations
and
theas
results
can
be generalizab
operating
fixedIEEE.
rates, i. e. single product recipe. Manufacturing lines in many industries are not that simple since multiple
sectors. at
2012
various architectural combinations of equipments. In such cases productivity is greatly impacted by material flow between e
interdependence of equipment throughput. This paper introduces a methodology, based on newly developed factory level pr
This
papermanufacturing
defines the concept
ofproductivity
the emergency
equipment
production
and analy
analyzing
system
as aproduction
function ofresponse
OEE and capacity
material of
flow.
The metrics
serve assystems,
a foundation
for a
emergency
production
response
capacity
the equipment
systems
theTheory
mean of ANP
and obtains
crucial facto
improvement
methodology,
which
utilizesof
several
concepts production
and theories
such asinthe
Constraints.
Application
of th
management
and optimization
ideasstudy
for equipment
production
systems, and provides technical support for framing
production lineprocess
is presented
through a case
in flat glass
window assembly.
mobilization plan, and lays a strong foundation for equipment production mobilization quickly.

This research is conducted mainly to focus on constraints in the reverse logistics system of End-of-Life home appliance in Ch
Remanufacturing Plant, Resource Constraints in system are identified by logistics simulation, and then they are eliminated fi
Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling of Theory of Constraints. Inventory Buffer is set just before the constraint unit as well as buffer
Outcomes suggests that DBR scheduling is exactly an effective approach to eliminate Resource Constraints and it enables to
optimizing parameters of throughput (T), investment (I) and operating expense (OE), even logistics balance. Copyright ASCE
citation only

The U-curve is the management thinking from Dr. Goldratt practical experience. The U-curve is a graph with extreme left and
the impact relationship between time buffer and management attention. Dr. Goldratt recommended buffer time from the bot
U-curve, and manager could reduce the input of effort and time to manage the production line. However, the view of Dr. Gol
study will test and verify management thinking if the management attention is high at both ends of the U-curve. Then, this s
area of U-curve, and to understand the adjustment of time buffer is appropriate. There is no relevant literature to explore the
This
paper
a framework
for development
multi-objective
genetic
algorithm
based
sequencingattention
method by
thinking,
soexemplifies
this study explores
U-curve
managementof
thinking
by job shop
game
and records
thejob
management
byt
resource
Along this,
of Constraints
Drum-Buffer-Rope
methodology
has been
combined with
genet
there are constraints.
24 data of machine
toolTheory
research
project and based
11 groups
of job shop game
to verify U-curve
management
thinking,
system
constraints.
paper introduces
the Drum-Buffer-Rope
to exploit
studies of
Theory of This
Constraints
(TOC) to support
the results of this
study the system constraints, which may affect the lead
higher inventory holding costs. Multi-Objective genetic algorithm is introduced for job sequence optimization to minimize the
inventory holding cost, which includes problem encoding, chromosome representation, selection, genetic operators and fitne
Intense
and declining
profit
havemeasures.
caused most
thin
filmpaper
transistor
liquid
crystal
display manufacturers
to i
Queuingglobal
times competition
and Throughput
are used as
fitness
Along
this,
provides
a brief
comparison
of proposed app
competitiveness
improving
productivity
and reducing
cycle times.
An advanced
scheduling
(APS)
system wa
approaches. The by
algorithm
generates
a sequence
to maximize
the throughput
and planning
minimize and
the queuing
time
on bottleneck
Visual
forResults
Application
to automatically
generate
production
schedules
for research
a color filter
fab with multiple lines. This syste
(CCR). Basic
Finally,
are analysed
to show the
improvement
by using
current
framework
production lines, plan order release time, and balance the equipment loading. Both forward scheduling and backward schedu
Experimental results indicated that APS can significantly reduce manual scheduling time while maintaining the quality of sch
Semiconductor
manufacturing
are87
one
most complex
production
systems
and this complexity
increases
when
manual operations,
it can save systems
more than
% of the
scheduling
time and
the quickness
is especially
important when
reschedu
make-to-stock
(MTS) and such
make-to-order
(MTO)
products or
in order
to improve
the
production
system utilization.
To APS
deal to
with
th
production uncertainties
as equipment
breakdown
material
shortage.
Production
controllers
can use this
gene
dynamic
production
control
and scheduling model for a semiconductor shop (fab) with hybrid MTS/MTO production environm
make adjustment
based
on experience.
encompasses two major modules: release module and dispatching module. The release module deals with two issues: priorit
products in the job pool and determining when and which products can be released into the shop floor. The only considered i
Under
fairly the
special
there
methods
that can
be used
to attempt
to increase
production
to prioritize
MTScircumstances,
and MTO products
inare
thesome
queuespecial
of each
workstation
whenever
a machine
becomes
idle.the
To evaluate
ther
systems.
In this
paper an
has
been
made to
the theoryMoreover,
of constraint
(TOC) of
approach
to identify
the critical
mach
performance
measures
forattempt
MTS and
MTO
products
areuse
considered.
a number
numerical
experiments
have been
alternatives
are considered
to increase
of the
critical
machine. other
This process
continuedproduction
till the required
through
studies. Simulation
studies indicate
thatthroughput
the proposed
model
outperforms
related is
well-known
control
and sc
system.
For large production line systems this approach will be tedious and time consuming. Hence we have attempted to ge
literature.
by integer linear programming (ILP) to increase the throughput. Data has been collected from an automobile ancillary manuf
The
theory The
of constraints
drumbufferrope
is a the
method
for achieving
effectiveinvestment.
supply chainmanagement
(SCL
the model.
TOC embedded
ILP has been(DBR)
used system
to increase
throughput
with minimum
Springer-Verlag
implemented by a growing number of companies. Buffer size determination is the most difficult step in using DBR in SCM, ho
attention and the buffer level is usually determined by trial and error. The focus of this paper is first is to develop an efficient
sizes of time buffers of control points of the DBR controlled supply chain. The approach is constructed according to the suppl
analysis in the control points of networks second, the proposed approach is compared with the most common approach in lit
In
this paper,
we using
provide
a new modeling
approach
of identifying
theshow
optimal
size in front
of a capacity
constrained
re
simulation
study
enterprise
dynamics
(ED). Simulation
results
thatbuffer
the developed
approach
is more
effective tha
processes.
time buffer is a critical element of the drum-bufferrope method in the Theory of Constraints (TOC), and it is u
approachesThe
in literature.
inevitable disruptions in production and service processes, and to provide maximum CCR's productivity. The model is formula
server queue. The new modeling approach is based on calculating the optimal number of units waiting in line (the optimal bu
server CCR in order to maintain the highest net profit of the CCR's throughput while protecting the constrained resource from
This
article
is analysis
about the
of modeling
management
control
strategy
on goal achievement.
The study the
examines
the relationships
example
and
ofeffects
this new
approach
proves
it efficiency
in terms of maximizing
throughput
profitability
strategy
and business
is also resource
taken as the
mediator,
whereas
learning
parallel processes,
andexcellence.
reducing a Business
chance ofexcellence
this constrained
to become
empty.
2013
AIBE.orientation, as well as
taken as the moderators, and goal achievement is taken as the dependent variable. The results indicate that lean, the Theor
Sigma have positive influences on business excellence. However, only Theory of Constraints does not have a positive influen
under learning orientation as a moderator. At the same time, business excellence is related to goal achievement within a com
moderator. Moreover, previous research has examined the relationship between business excellence and goal achievement v
as a mediator. This research shows that the impact of business excellence is not directly related to a competitive advantage.
advantage is not positively influenced by goal achievement. Finally, the contributions and suggestions for further research a

An effective inventory replenishment method employed in the supply chain is one of the key factors to achieving low invento
customer delivery performance. The state of demand process is often not directly observed by the decision maker. Thus, in m
inventory control problem is a compositestate, partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP), which is an appropriate
dynamic demand problems. In practice, managers often use certainty equivalent control (CEC) policies to solve such a proble
Theory of Constraints (TOC) has brought a practical control policy that almost always provides much better solutions for this
Bottlenecks,
as theused
key ingredients
improving
the production
networks,
have been
profoundly
policies commonly
in practice.for
In this
paper, the
we performances
proposed threeofdifferent
inventory
control policies
based
on TOC studie
buffer
definitions
of bottlenecks
are to
derived
in terms
thetraditional
throughput
and based
onT)
the
theory
ofcomputational
constraints (TOC).
Moreover,
and use simulation
approach
compare
themof
with
adaptive
(s, S,
policy.
The
results
indicatebe
ho
can
be applied influence
on them, it
is performance
not straightforward
to system
localise and
dynamic
bottlenecks
due to their
dynamic
characteristic
characteristics
the
of whole
demonstrate
the efficiency
of complex
the proposed
control
policy.
traditional view at the bottlenecks, this article therefore develops a systematic and comprehensive definition of dynamic bot
networks based on both the TOC and the bottleneck-oriented logistic analysis. Afterwards, the defined dynamic bottlenecks
Bottlenecks,
as the using
key ingredients
for improving
performances
of the
the production
production network.
networks,Byhave
been the
profoundly
studie
discrete simulation
practical data,
aiming atthe
visualising
them in
applying
logistic opera
definitions
are
derivedand
in terms
of the throughput
and as
based
Theory
(TOC). Moreover, be
application of
of bottlenecks
the proposed
research
its procedures
is discussed
well.on
the
2011
Taylorof&Constraints
Francis.
can be applied on them, it is not straightforward to localise dynamic bottlenecks due to their complex dynamic characteristic
traditional view at the bottlenecks, this paper therefore develops a systematic and comprehensive definition of dynamic bott
networks based on both the TOC and the Bottleneck Oriented Logistic Analysis (BOLA). Afterwards, the defined dynamic bott
The
advantages
ofsimulation
the TOC (Theory
of Constraints)
philosophy
have been
extensively
documented
in theBy
literature
its i
means
of discrete
using practical
data, aiming
at visualizing
them
in the production
network.
applyingsince
the Log
At
operational
level, TOC
is proposed
implemented
by means
ofprocedures
the well-known
DBR (drum-buffer-rope)
production control system
thethe
practical
application
of the
research
and its
is discussed
as well.
manufacturing environment, the performance of DBR is greatly affected by the dispatching rules employed in front of the bo
it has been proved that no single dispatching rule (DR) performs globally better than any others. Therefore, for systems usua
conditions, the selection of a robust DR could help practitioners to reach a good system performance. In this paper we propo
As
manufacturing
organizations
e-Business
product development
process
is alsotoembracing
electroni
robust
DR (by means
of Taguchi develop
signal-to-noise
ratio)strategies,
from a setthe
of previously
selected rules
according
the performance
m
chains,
groups involved
in sequences
of related
product
events,
play critical
roles
in theconflicting
overall Product
Life
pursuedwhich
by theare
practicing
managers.
We study the
performance
of design
different
dispatching
rules for
several
objective
distributed
and electronic
product
environments
are and
not optimized
output
based on
maximum tardiness,
and WIP)
fromdesign
a robustness
viewpoint
for a rangefor
ofsuccessful
manufacturing
scenarios
in certain
a shop constraints,
floor forme
information
infrastructures
and poor
product sources,
data management.
Benefits times,
of superior
electronic
design
chain models
three different
products. Different
variability
such as processing
breakdowns
andproduct
set-ups,
are discussed.
The
quality,
(ii) reduced
time-to-market for products and (III) improved overall global competitiveness. This paper presents a fram
special interest
for practitioners.
In
todays business
climate,
thechains.
old adage
time lean
is money
has and
beenthe
expanded
that
time is competitive
To
functionality
of product
design
It applies
principles
conceptto
of mean
Theory
of Constraints,
which isweapon.
a manage
quick
delivery and
good quality
at proposed
reasonable
price. Thus
perform to
in an
a global
market,
short
leadwith
times
are essential
to pro
manufacturing
environments.
The
framework
is to
compared
existing
design
method
strong
points highligh
Lead
manufacturer
point limitations
of view is the time elapse between placing of an order and the actually receipt of goods ord
with atime
briefindiscussion
on model
components of lead time such as setup time, process time, move time and waiting time. This paper deals with review of vari
reduce lead time. Method study techniques use to examine current way of work and develop effective method base on elimi
Thesimplification
performance of
in many
companies
limited
in manufacturing
and(SMED),
assembly
this reas
and
activities.
Various is
lean
toolsthrough
such asbottlenecks
Single Minute
Exchange of Dies
5S,processes.
Poka-yoke,For
Kanban,
Jus
starting
of Jidoka,
improvement
This paper
presents
a visuallead
approach
for identification
and
evaluation
of bottlenec
Mappingpoint
(VSM),
Cellularinitiatives.
manufacturing
etc. helps
in reducing
time. Also
Manufacturing
Resource
Planning
(MRPI
communication
of improvement
measures
on theand
shop
floor. The
new
assembly
throughput
curve
displays
the infl
(TOC) classic approaches
of Production
Planning
Control
(PPC)
aredeveloped
use to reduce
Work in
Process (WIP)
and
flow time.
affecting the assembly performance workload and material availability. The relationship between these two factors is mapp
determined for an assembly station. In order to verify the findings, an event-discrete simulation is performed and analysed. N
This
presents an
in verified.
depth study
due tocases
outsourcing
of manufacturing
operations.
factors
are id
havepaper
been identified
and
Eachofofproblems
these generic
can be extracted
and displayed
usingInfluencing
one particular
operating
between
them isThe
defined.
The outsourcing
problem
is formulated
like pictograms.
simulation
supported the
developed
model. using linear programming (LP) and analytical solution is de
theory of constraints (TOC). The model can facilitate decision makers in deciding which products to manufacture in- house or
model assists decision makers by computing an operational ratio without solving LP problem. The final outsourcing TOC-LP m
and requires the calculation of few variables without sacrificing the accuracy.
The aim of this paper is to implement TOC in forging area in which the constraints prevents the throughput of the system to
reduce errors. Many quality improvement (QI) approaches have a limited evaluation of the factors in the selection of QI proj
(TOC) has been proposed as a remedy for the better selection of QI projects. The strategic Thinking Processes (TP) of Theory
struggle an enormous problem faced by organizations. The paper proposes an improvement of TOCbased TP in one of the l
India to identify and overcome the system constraints in the business. The result shows that the TOC-TP identifies the produ
Bottleneck
allocation
(BAM) attempts
to blend
the best features
of other popular
planning
philosoph
suggests measures
tomethodology
improve the system.
The research
is applicable
to any production
house production
in which product
quality
redu
offer
a better-integrated
schedule
with the
more
flexible
production philosophy
planning results.
This used
papertodoes
a literature
search of previ
organization.
This is the first
time that
theory
of constraints
has been
maximize
the production
throu
demonstrates
how BAM
is an integration
of these philosophies.
This anyone
paper also
the operationof
ofthe
theorganizatio
BAM proce
makes a significant
contribution
to the production
processes where
candemonstrates
measure the performance

Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) planning and control provides synchronous flow through work areas using minimum amounts of in-p
However, the effectiveness of DBR is compromised by high levels of variability which can cause constraint resources to shift
in DBR schedules, buffer positions and buffer sizes becoming ineffective in ensuring maximum system throughput levels. A m
measuring the levels of variability at single processes, by combining the variability arising from various sources, such that im
actual and potential constraint resources may be possible. Cycle time probability distributions are developed for individual p
This
paper the
presents
a new
signal
for analysis
to identify
rank
thedue
bottlenecks
in a manufacturing
system.
The proposed
to identify
relative
levels
of blocking
and waiting
thatand
may
arise
to differences
in variability levels
between
sequentiam
interdeparture
time from
different
machines
to identify
rank the
A simpleand
descriptive
with goodofcoD
information, a wider
range
of methods
can then
be usedand
to offset
thebottlenecks.
effects of variability
improvemeasure
the effectiveness
presented.
This
research also presents a new method to allocate loss of production to different machines based on the analy
Inderscience
Publishers.
addition, a set of rules that may be used to improve data integrity is presented. The proposed method may be used to analy
as nonsteady- state system behaviour. The proposed method is applicable to highvolume and low-variety manufacturing sys
Aggregate
Production
Planning
(APP)
model with
fuzzy demand
are discussed.
Copyright
2013
Inderscience
Enterprises
Ltd. and variable system capacity is proposed in this research for
conventional APP problem assumes crisp market demands and also limited capacity by fixed hardware. In the proposed mod
crisp demands is relaxed by using fuzzy demand which also increases the flexibility of estimation and obtains the better prod
profit. The new approach to handle the fuzzy demand by integrating the possibility level of demand is proposed. Moreover, t
capacity is resolved by allowing additional investment in small machines and equipment. This investment can increase the n
and eliminate the bottleneck of the system. Three performance measures, based on the Theory of Constraints (TOC) concep
many organizations, are used to evaluate performance of the model. It is found that the proposed model can generate highe
conventional APP models. Significance: In medium range capacity planning, market demand is usually uncertain in nature an
production capacity is not only limited by workforce level but also limited by hardware or equipment. The fuzzy APP model p
flexible and realistic approach to solve APP problems than the conventional models based on TOC measures. [ABSTRACT FRO

Aggregate Production Planning (APP) model with fuzzy demand and variable system capacity is proposed in this research for
conventional APP problem assumes crisp market demands and also limited capacity by fixed hardware. In the proposed mod
crisp demands is relaxed by using fuzzy demand which also increases the flexibility of estimation and obtains the better prod
profit. The new approach to handle the fuzzy demand by integrating the possibility level of demand is proposed. Moreover, t
capacity is resolved by allowing additional investment in small machines and equipment. This investment can increase the n
Although
having
further
into scheduling
problemsmeasures,
involving cellular
manufacturing
previous
and eliminate
thegained
bottleneck
of insight
the system.
Three performance
based on
the Theory ofsystems,
Constraints
(TOC)research
concep
characteristics
that are
for effective
group scheduling:
first, It
due-date
focus second,
setup
time saving
many organizations,
areessential
used to evaluate
performance
of the model.
is foundperformance
that the proposed
model can
generate
highe
and
non-constrained
machines.
To overcome
these range
two characteristics,
we present
due-date
scheduling
conventional
APP models.
Significance:
In medium
capacity planning,
marketademand
is oriented
usually uncertain
in heuristic
nature an
manufacturing
system
based
Capacity
Constraintlevel
Resource
(CCR).
The by
proposed
algorithm
consistsThe
of four
(1) sch
production capacity
is not
onlyonlimited
by workforce
but also
limited
hardware
or equipment.
fuzzystages:
APP model
p
(DRUM),
(2) realistic
CCR setup
time savings
to APP
decrease
mean
tardiness,
(3) CCR setup
time
savings
to maximize
CCR
flexible and
approach
to solve
problems
than
the conventional
models
based
on TOC
measures.
throughput,
Internationala
The
theory
of constraints
approach
for flowtime
production
planning
and control, which
on the
constraintsexample
in the sys
hybrid
scheduling
methodistoan
minimize
total
and
the work-in-process
(WIP) emphasizes
inventory. Also,
an illustrative
d
Engineering.
The
theory of method.
constraints is often referred to as Drum-Buffer-Rope developed originally by Goldratt. Drum-Buffer-Rope uses th
the proposed
create a schedule based on the finite capacity of the first bottleneck. Because of complexity of the job shop environment, Dr
management has very little attention to job shop environment. The objective of this paper is to apply the Drum-Buffer-Rope t
environment using a Markov chain analysis to compare traditional method. Four measurement parameters were considered
Aggregate
Planning (APP)
model
with fuzzy
demand
and variable
system capacity is proposed in this research for
advantage Production
of Drum-Buffer-Rope
approach
compared
with
traditional
one.
conventional APP problem assumes crisp market demands and also limited capacity by fixed hardware. In the proposed mod
crisp demands is relaxed by using fuzzy demand which also increases the flexibility of estimation and obtains the better prod
profit. The new approach to handle the fuzzy demand by integrating the possibility level of demand is proposed. Moreover, t
capacity is resolved by allowing additional investment in small machines and equipment. This investment can increase the n
This
paper presents
a flexibleof
production
activity
(PAC) technique
for
a wafer
fabrication
To resolve
PAC
proble
and eliminate
the bottleneck
the system.
Threecontrol
performance
measures,
based
on the
Theory factory.
of Constraints
(TOC)
concep
wafer
processes,
pull-based production
control
(PPCS)
ofgenerate
the convention
many fabrication
organizations,
are usedthe
to proposed
evaluate performance
of the model.
It issystem
found that
theintegrates
proposed concepts
model can
highe
push
system, APP
and models.
drum-buffer-rope (DBR) scheduling technique. A Kanban number calculating algorithm is also derived in w
conventional
calculated functions as an initial solution of the simulation run to obtain the optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate
performance than the conventional pull system and push system. Significance: Wafer fabrication is the most important but c
Maximizing
profitability
is the primary
all business
Without profitability
the key
business
will utilization
not surviveand
in the
semiconductor
manufacturing
industry.goal
Theof
PPCS
proposedventures.
herein simultaneously
increases
machine
decrl
Productivity
always indicate
step
towards
optimum
utilization
Th
of a wafer fabrication
factory,
thereby
fulfilling
the PAC
task. of resources and to be competitive in this Global market.
improving production of a Cut-to-length unit of an integrated steel Industry. In this case study, we have applied theory of Con
system constraints that are responsible for low production. Identification of Constraints has been done through Process mapp
Defined system. For Process mapping, time study has been conducted to establish the standard time for elemental activities
In
the era of
global
crisis,through
every penny
Thus,
the exclusive
use of
virgin
materials
forare
production
longer
processes
which
arefinancial
represented
Gantt counts.
chart. By
analyzing
Gantt chart,
the
activities
which
of criticalno
path
and m
h
viable
alternative
to the use We
of virgin
has become
a popular
business
practice. re-engineering
Recycling, however,
requ
improvement
are identified.
have materials,
suggested recycling
and implemented
ideas
using resource
allocation,
and waste
business
paradigms
that
include
the coordination
both
forward
and reverse
logistics flows,
substitution
of disposal
for
resulted in
increase in
overall
production
capacity.of
We
have
also validated
our suggestion
andthe
results
using simulation
throug
products
entirestudy
life cycles.
These
are to
often
by cultural
changes
across
supply
chain. w
T
Microsoft throughout
Excel 2010.their
The case
has given
an changes
opportunity
thepreceded
Management
to utilize
optimum
nos.the
of the
resources
change
in reverse
logistics
activities,
this paper
Theory of Constraints
(TOC) that
can map
keep other
resources
as standby,
resulting
in theproposes
saving ofa manpower
and other operating
cost.
Thisnecessary
case studychanges
will giveina
Introduction
of within
new products
challenges
existing
supply
chains
as
they
might not
suitable
to meet
changing
require
those
changes
various&often
system
constraints.
The usefulness
ofinTOC
is validated
bybe
applying
the recycling
processes
approach
of Re-engineering
Resource
planning
which
will results
better
productivity
and
costitreduction.
if
additional Chinese
criteria are
to be met,
such as, environmentally-sound production. Among others, this can be attributed to two is
burgeoning
automobile
industry.
management of time, the second the management of complexity. The paper addresses the question of how time and comple
green products. First, a brief description of supply chain, time and complexity management will be given. Next, the product-r
conceptual approach to supply chain management will be used to structure the discussion of time and complexity effects in
Introduction
new
challenges
existing
chains
as they
might not
beeco-polyester
suitable to meet
changing an
require
case studies of
will
be products
presentedoften
taking
organic cotton
at supply
OTTO, a
mail-order
business,
and
at Steilmann,
appa
if
additional
criteria
aretwo
to be
met, chains
such as,
environmentally-sound
Among and
others,
can
be attributed
to two is
The
comparison
of the
supply
provides
valuable insightsproduction.
into the problems
howthis
they
might
be overcome.
management of time, the second the management of complexity. The paper addresses the question of how time and comple
green products. First, a brief description of supply chain, time and complexity management will be given. Next, the product-r
conceptual approach to supply chain management will be used to structure the discussion of time and complexity effects in
ERP
vital towill
manage
an enterprise
is being
implemented
world over
with aand
reasonable
success.
Though, it provide
caseisstudies
be presented
takingand
organic
cotton
at OTTO, a the
mail-order
business,
eco-polyester
at Steilmann,
an appa
for
organisation's
requirements,
yet, it fails
respond
to changes
the rules,
meas
Thethe
comparison
of theinformation-processing
two supply chains provides
valuable insights
intotothe
problems
and howinthey
might procedures,
be overcome.
belief systems. Additionally, it involves high costs, time and energy, and after dragging on for years, yields very little perform
ERP system benefits companies, in cleaning up data and tightening procedures. But, unless a company's business processes
performance will not be substantially improved. However, if the TOC is coupled with ERP, then the business process improve
Purpose
- The
purpose
this that
study
is to
enhance
the output
of amaterialise
manufacturing
set-up
in phases,
by identifying
theand
wastage
This paper
supports
theofview
with
TOC,
the benefits
of ERP
better
and the
collaboration
of the ERP
TOC
thereby,
them. Design/methodology/approach
- Feasibility checking and optimization of capacity enhancement of a
powerful reducing
tool for improving
profits and performance.
discussed. Value stream mapping (VSM) methodology has been used as a data-driven decision-making tool to identify the co
and subsequent states. The future state has been achieved in stages using VSM tool of lean manufacturing, coupled with the
Theory of Constraints. An example of an Indian company has been added to demonstrate the suitability of the approach. Fin
Abstract available
in an
"The
World ofissue
the Theory
of Constraints"
approach
addresses
important
of phased
increase in customer demand and the process of accommodating it throug
of productive capacity at constraint points instead of enhancing the capacity at one go. The underlying problem of capacity e
addressed using lean principles and the optimum feasible option has been designed so that the increase in cost is minimized
stepwise increase in demand. Research limitations/implications - This research work is applicable to the manufacturing secto
paper proposes a methodology for phased upgrading of a production flow-line in keeping with a steady increase in customer
Drum?Buffer?Rope
(DBR) manner,
is a relatively
newconstraint
approachin
tothe
inventory
logistics
that effectively
been applied in a phased
and the
currentand
state
as wellmanagement
as in each subsequent
phasesupports
has beenreduc
iden
Previous studies have not emphasized this fact nor explained how it is accomplished. This paper describes DBR mechanics, p
implementation steps, identifies key ideas, and reports experience with one DBR application. Key ideas identified include the
excess capacity. Input control is readily implemented within DBR while excess capacity permits DBR flow to be maintained. T
demonstrates both the effectiveness of DBR in reducing lead?time and its vulnerability to misunderstanding.

In recent years a growing number of firms have reported dramatic results from an operation's improvement technique called
(CM). For example, Ford Motor Company's Electronics division attributes reductions in manufacturing cycle time as high as 8
product returns, reductions in inventory of 49 per cent and 43 per cent lower freight costs to its implementation of CM. Othe
Spring and Wire, Valmont/ALS, and Kent Moore Cabinets report similar results. The purpose of this paper is to provide the rea
understanding of Constraint Management, which has also been referred to as synchronized manufacturing the Drum, Buffer,
citation
onlyProduction Technology) the Theory of Constraints, and to explore its potential impact on logistics managers.
(Optimized

Citation only

Competition has intensified in recent years, whether in local markets or in the global market. To face such changes, managem
and continually improved, and new managerial techniques and methods are also discussed and applied. The Theory of Cons
direction Management Philosophy that was recently suggested, the concept and managerial tolls of which have seriously alte
various different management fields. The TOC includes two major groups of techniques, namely methods of dealing with phy
and generic problem-solving tools. The main method is the "Drum-Buffer-Rope" scheduling system that is used to manage th
The
Theory of
Constraints
(TOC)
is a systems
based on
the assumption
that every
organization
has atProcess"
least one
fac
"Bottleneck
Resources"
and
the output
of the approach
"Non-bottleneck
Resources".
The necessary
tool
is "The Thinking
used
organizations
ability
to meet
itsstudy
objectives.
Theanormal
is to
profit.for
Hence,
TOC emphasizes
theand
maximiz
problem solving.
Moreover,
this
develops
Realityobjective
Tree-a step
bymaximize
step approach
searching
core problems
propo
that
factor
that limits production
is used most efficiently.
This theory was first described by E. M. Goldratt, and it has bee
TOC the
, that
can significantly
improve organizational
management
levels: Production Management (To solve problems of bottlenecks), Scheduling, and Inventory Reduction.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of manufacturing transfer batch sizes to financial performance, using an u
process as an exemplified situation. According to the most recent changes in the manufacturing business environment, as w
field (especially the Theory of Constraints (TOC) related research), manufacturing organisations should favour decisions relat
and ignore the proposals of cost saving models (Economic Order Quantity, Economic Production Quantity). The results of this
it seems that manufacturing organisations using transfer batching are able to serve versatile customer orders in a profitable
The
of Constraints
is an example
of a management
philosophy
built uponwhere
a limited
number
of assumptions
and
orderTheory
size. On
the contrary(TOC)
traditional
management
methods will lead
to the situation,
some
potential
customer group
process
of continuous
ongoing
improvement
[1]. The
assumption
one foundation
is that
a system's
outputs
a
these interesting
results,
this paper
also proposes
further
avenuesforming
of research
on the topicofofTOC
transfer
batching.
Lead
time im
constraints.
The assumptions
forming another
foundation
are new(Lead
definitions
for throughput,
inventory
operating
expen
interesting trade
off situation between
two different
components
time improvement
hased
purely and
on transfer
batch
siz
designed
to support the goal of the organisation, which, according to Goldratt, is to make money [3], TOC , previously referre
time savings).
Technology (OPT), is a production control methodology that maximises profits in a plant with a demonstrated bottleneck [4].
This
paper product
proposed
thethat
real-time
buffer management
concept
'buffer'
by a
using
determine
mix
will maximise
profitability ismethod
a very which
simpleextends
series ofthe
steps
[5], Inofthis
article,
caseDrum-Buffer-R
study from an
technique
of Theory
Constraintsof(TOC)
according
real-time
information.
Theorganisation.
current DBR This
buffer
is used
to supervise
asc
demonstrate
how theofapplication
concepts
of TOCtowill
maximise
profit for an
paper
further
explains how
the
last stage
of the production
managed
by the buffer,
has to
arrived.
If a
the
product has
not arrived
the warnin
increasing
performance
throughprocess,
a limitedstages
number
of assumptions
designed
provide
continuous
process
of improvement
emitted
and the check(TQM).
actionThis
for that
situation
is left
to steps
the operators.
The
problem
arisesTOC
when
a meaningless
warning
sign
Quality Management
paper
also shows
the
involved in
solving
a typical
problem
along with
optimisati
affects
operators.
Thework
mechanism
in this
paper
suppresses
the system.
meaningless warnings by using the detailed sch
demandthe
conditions.
This
has beenproposed
carried out
on an
IBM/PC
compatible
A
of attempts
have
made
toinformation
develop theories
in operations
management
(OM)
(e.g. tradeoff
theory
by Skinne
bynumber
the on-site
operators
andbeen
actual
result
obtained
by the on-site
instruments.
Copyright
2009
Inderscience
E
Chase and Tansik, productprocess matrix by Hayes and Wheelwright). Researchers in OM acknowledge that there is no wide
OM rests or which serves as a unified OM theory to integrate existing theorylike principles or informal theories. Constraints m
developed over the past 20 years by consultants and practitioners but has received little attention from OM researchers. The
constraints management may serve as a broad theory within operations that will allow integration of a great deal of existing
This
paper of
investigates
of deliberately
operation time
means
for non-automated
production
T
objectives
this paper the
are benefits
to propose
a construct, unbalancing
throughput orientation,
discuss
its core
dimensions, and
develop alines.
theore
under
the steady
statehypotheses
condition, with
line
lengths, buffer
sizes,CM
degrees
of imbalance
andin
patterns
also suggests
several
that various
might be
empirically
testedstorage
to establish
as a recognized
theory
the fieldofofimbala
oper
analysed
using a with
set of
statistical methods
in various conclusions being made. It was found that the best configurat
paper concludes
suggestions
for futureresulting
research.
and a monotone decreasing order, with the first resulting in lower idle times and the second leading to lower average buffer
balanced line.
A perfectly synchronised manufacturing system is the process where components arrive at the work centres in time for their
in-process stocks do not build up causing delays to orders, inventory costs are minimised and customer service is improved
creating a possible competitive edge. This article focuses on manufacturing synchronisation as a way to guide companies in
proposing a simple approach to explain this concept and helping them in the selection of the most appropriate synchronisati
interactive simulation models. The aim of these models is to represent visually and interactively three different synchronisat
No abstract
just
in time and drum-buffer-rope, in order to compare and stress the main differences between them. This approach has bee
and practical purposes

OPT has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Essentially it revolves around a philosophy of identifying the bottlen
and minimising their impact on that system, though it has often been wrongly identified with the proprietary software for ach
Successful implementation of OPT requires a change in the performance measures applied to manufacturing. However, if the
benefits can be obtained equivalent, in many respects, to those claimed for JIT but in a wider range of contexts than those to
apply.

Over the past decade two approaches, just-in-time (JIT) and theory of constraints (TOC), for designing and operating product
each claiming to be the correct way. In addition there are still those who maintain that line balanced (whenever possible) i
study uses simulation to compare each of these approaches for designing and operating production lines under various level
variability, station downtime, and total system inventory. Not surprisingly, the JIT approach appears to work best when syste
approach works best when system variability is high. This shows that lines designed using TOC principles perform significant
Purpose
is important
to advance
management
knowledge
while being
mindful
ofsystem.
the theoretical
develop
inventoryisIt low,
and JIT lines
performoperations
significantly
better than (OM)
TOC lines
as inventory
is added
to the
The traditional
purpose
of this
paper
is to
which theoretical
have dominated the OM field. This analysis allows the auth
perform best
under
any
of explore
the conditions
used in thisperspectives
study.
and gaps in the literature and to identify fruitful areas for future research. A reflection on theory is also practical, given that i
important questions and enlightens OM practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide an analysis of
the last 30 years. The study encompasses three decades of OM publications across three OM journals and contains an analys
Purpose
The purpose
of this
to address
the issue
supplyinmanagement
coordination
among aFindings
prominent
contact
to identify which
theories,
overpaper
time, is
have
been adopted
by of
authors
order to understand
OM topics.
The
auth
carton
(first tier),empirical,
and paperboard
supplier
(second
tier).
Adopting
within the
theory of swift
and
even flow,
studiessupplier
are atheoretical,
and focussed
upon
theory
testing
ratherconcepts
than on theory
development.
Some
theories,
suc
physical
(material)
and information
flow among
thesewithin
supplyOM.
partners
to ensure
productivity
through
timely productio
and contingency
theory,
have an enduring
relevance
The authors
alsohigher
identify
theories from
psychology,
econom
cartons,
which behavior
reduced the
and
inventory
at to
theexplain
three companies
thisresearch
supply chain.
Design/methodolo
organizational
thatlead-times
may, in the
future,
have levels
salience
burgeoninginOM
areas such
as servitization
uses
a longitudinal
case study (action
research
(AR)), awhich
qualitative
and quantitative
Observations
ov
Research
limitations/implications
The
study makes
novelcombines
contribution
by exploring
which main analyses.
theories have
been adopt
Purpose
- The
of thismeeting
paper
isagendas
to
examine
empirically
the relationships
thein-depth
three
elements
of the
theory
of
co
contracts,
jointpurpose
agreements,
minutes,
personal
and
interviews
were
mainly
us
so by systematically
analyzing
articles
from
theand
three
main journals
inconversations,
the field among
(the Journal
of Operations
Management,
Prod
observable
outcomes
to beJournal
associated
with the
application
ofsolution
TOC
, and
organizational
performance.
measurement
of operational
performance.
The
to eliminate
waste
and improve
the
existing
Management,
and
theexpected
International
ofFindings
Operations
andcomplete
Production
Management),
which
encompass
threeDesign/metho
decades
ofsO
which
incorporates
elements
asform
antecedent
to level
TOC outcomes
and
TOC
asPractical
antecedent
to organizational
perfor
the
ordering
process
solution
in the
of service
models.
The
results
of
the study
proved supply
management
coordi
focus
the
study,
theTOC
authors
may
have
missed
important
OM articles
in
otheroutcomes
journals.
implications
A reflection
were
collected
from
110
organizations
identified
as TOC
adopters,
and the
model
was assessed
using This
a structural
equation
approach
in reducing
inventory,
reducing
the
safety
stock
at the buyers
facility,
improving
the forecasts,
lowering
the produ
because
theories
inform
how
a researcher
or practicing
manager
interprets
and solves
OM problems.
study allows
the am
Findings
Results
indicate
that
the
proposed
fitsin
the
data
Adoption
of TOC
yields
TOCpaper
outcomes,
establishing
an
information
system
throughout
the
three
tiers
of well.
the supply
Originality/value
The
draws whic
upo
collective- OM
journey
to date,
to
spot
trends model
and
gaps
the
literature,
and chain.
to identify
fruitfulobservable
areas for future
research.
Or
Purpose:
Theaware,
production
dice
game
isthat
aan
powerful
exercise
focusing
onperspectives
the
impact
of
and dependency
on t
unit
performance.
Analysis
suggests
the
use learning
of TOC
effective
in improving
organizational
performance.
Research
limit
echelon
supply
chain
in the
manufacturing
industry.
Combining
thistheoretical
triadic
focus
with
action-based
research
makes
a uniqu
authors
are
there
has
not
been
assessment
of is
the
main
invariability
OM.
The
research
alsoitidentifie
process
inventory
ofwhich
flow
lines.
Thisare
paper
seeks
extend
thethem.
basic-The
dice
game
along
theeffective
following
lines.
First,
it will
allow
op
are
developed
for
use
in
TOC
research.
Practical
implications
TOCauthors
is found
to be
inoutcomes.
improving
organizationa
insights
into the
issue
of future
coordination
among
supply
chain
members
and
consequent
performance
in OM
journals,
and
theories
adopted
totoinvestigate
also
reflect
on whether
the
most
cited
pape
concurrently
opposed
to sequentially,
which
works
in
athe
classroom
Second,
itthis
will
allow
both starvation
andan
Originality/value
- theoretical.
While this
work
begun
much
earlier
than
work of setting.
Boyd
Gupta,
revises
their model
paper awardsas
are
This was
gives
the
authors
a better
richer
understanding
of theand
current
state
ofwork
OM research.
will
consider
balancedand
lines
with workstations
by different degrees of variability. Finally, it aims to use different
scales
are developed
validated
for use by characterized
future TOC researchers.
represent a wide range of variation coefficients of the production line. The obtained insights can be extended to a supply cha
The
drum?buffer?rope/buffer
management
radically
changes
the content
of production management practice,
rese
developed
game can be played
on-line and approach
the software
is freely
downloadable.
Design/methodology/approach:
The paper
e
Documents
the majorsimulation
impacts that
drum?buffer?rope
has
on production
management
study andispractice.
In summary
prov
offers an easy-to-use
tool.
Findings: The key
aspect
of students'
learning experience
the understanding
of itthe
re
distils
the complexities
of material
flow into an
understandable
format reduces
the number
of resources
that mus
variability
and throughput
in an environment
with
dependent workstations
and drastically
limited buffers.
Originality/value:
A rather
com
warns
of potential
to thesimulation
productiontool
plan
controls
lead time
guides
improvement
effortsoffers
a signifi
is transformed
intodisruption
an easy-to-use
that
in no time
can be
used continuous
by practitioners
and students.
Emerald
Grou
to the Kanban production system aligns local resource performance measures with global organizational performance and m
The
literature
is reviewed
on bufferobsolete.
stock allocation strategies in serial production lines. A number of experiments are condu
capacity
management
techniques
of work-in-process inventory given that the objective is to maximise throughput. Both balanced and unbalanced lines are exa
will be repeated for assembly type of production lines (merging lines). A key concept in this article is the long pull (or cons
inventory) Kanban system.

The theory of constraints (TOC) is a multi-faceted systems methodology that has been developed to assist people and organ
problems, develop breakthrough solutions and implement those solutions successfully. This paper describes a literature-base
the results of TOC applications reported in the literature. In particular, it presents here the results of a meta-analysis of over
applications, based on available quantitative data, which showed that significant improvements in both operational and finan
achieved as a result of applying TOC Despite extensive searches, the research found no reports of failures. Mile reports are m
organisations, the findings may be generalisable to other types of organisations, particularly to their operational aspects. Th
agenda for future research on the use of TOC in operations and production management.

This article discusses how mortgage lending institutions could apply concepts espoused in theory of constraints (TOC) to imp
After presenting a brief discussion of TOC , and justifying its relevance in the service sector, we operationalize various TOC te
contexts of mortgage banking industry. The TOC concepts used in our analysis of the specific mortgage bank's pipeline inclu
expenses", "inventory", "drum-buffer-rope", etc. Other relevant principles gleaned from for this study include problem-solvin
continuous improvement employed in quality management. Using actual data from computer outputs and tables, we presen
The
production
model
for a
galvanizing
transmission
tower produces
a managerial
limited quantity
of various
products.
This model
wasbv
bank's
mortgage
pipeline
and
provide strategic
recommendations
and
implications.
The
ideas presented
could
schedule
production
base onthat
the this
theory
of constraints.
This
study to
builds
a new,in
unique
and effective
of serviceof
industry.
We believe
study
could provide
insights
managers
the service
sectors management
in general, as process
they se
by
the newimprovements
production model,
the loss ofefficiencies
false production
has
the
productivity
has increased
the overtime
significant
in operational
in order
toreduced
improvewhile
return
onunit
investments
in increasingly
competitive
en
employees have been inspired. Finally, the study has accomplished a breakthrough by unblocking the production bottleneck
delivery. These improvements definitely ensure the profitability of business.
A semiconductor foundry is essentially a make-to-order (MTO) factory. Yet, in a low-demand season, it may enter into a hybri
make-to-stock (MTS) as well as MTO products to maintain high utilization of machines. This research proposes a scheduling m
MTO/MTS system with machine-dedication characteristics, a constraint imposed on the process route caused by the advance
technology. The scheduling method aims to achieve a high on-time delivery rate for MTO products as well as a,high throughp
Simulation experiments show that the proposed scheduling method outperforms representative methods in the literature. (C
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"
reserved.

Bottleneck appears in a serial supply chain if the minimum production rate at all stages is smaller than the demand rate. Op
on keeping the bottleneck stage fully utilized and forcing the other stages to produce in synch with the bottleneck. This stud
method, the recursive tightening method, and the drum-buffer-rope strategy. A pull and reverse pull algorithm is designed to
and inventory problem with a production bottleneck in a serial supply chain. A numerical example is included to illustrate the
2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In this study, the implementation of the theory of constraints (TOC) rules for job-shop systems to advance the state of resea
is investigated. Most previous studies have applied the TOC concepts and rules to simple process flows, but the nature of job
complexity to scheduling. The current rules of thumb for scheduling based on the TOC are implemented for a case study in t
number of simulation scenarios are discussed, providing insights into the master production schedule (MPS), the drum-buffe
method, the role of setup times in scheduling, the impact of free products (those that do not use constraint resources) on thr
Motivated
by in
a bottleneck
operation in
multi-layer
ceramic
capacitor
production
line, weare
study
a scheduling
problem
of sat
bat
priority rules
resource assignment
toafree
products.
Moreover,
optimization
techniques
used
to find optimal
and/or
which
a number
of jobs areexperiment.
processed simultaneously
as a batch.
Thecurrent
performance
measures
considered
includefor
makespan,
variables
in the simulation
Our findings suggest
that the
rules of
thumb should
be modified
real-worl
total
weighted
completion
time. We first
present a Science
new simple
programming
formulation for
the problem,
and using t
job-shop
systems.
Author Affiliation:
Management
and integer
Information
Systems Department,
University
of Massachusett
easily
optimal
solutions
for small
Articlefind
History:
Received
18 May
2014problems.
AcceptedHowever,
12 March since
2015 the problem is NP-hard and the size of a real problem is very
of heuristic algorithms and design a hybrid genetic algorithm to solve practical big-size problems in a reasonable computatio
The
development
ofalgorithms,
environmentally
conscious
manufacturing
systems
of From
increasingconcern.
A recoverable
ma
performance
of the
we compare
them
with lower bounds
forhas
the become
problems.
the results of these
computation
system
andincluding
seeks to the
minimize
waste
through
a variety
of strategies,
including
However,
despiteB.V.
theAll
growt
algorithms
genetic
algorithm
show
different
performances
for theremanufacturing.
three problems. (c)
2004 Elsevier
righ
there are few established scheduling systems reported in the literature. Drum-buffer-rope has been shown to be successful in
controlling remanufacturing operations, but to date there have been no formal examinations of what priority dispatching rule
constraint work centers to best support drum-buffer-rope. This study examines a number of priority dispatching rules in com
The
system
of constraints
uses ismodel
often of
referred
to as
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR).
DBR
systems
operate
ropescheduling
under a variety
of theory
utilization
levels, via a(TOC)
simulation
an actual
remanufacturing
facility.
The
findings
indicate
th
the
system's
constraint.
In TOC
, any product
that
not processed
at the system's
primary
constr
rules,
such asprimary
first-in, resource
first-out rule
or earliest
due-date,
work best
toissupport
drum-buffer-rope,
but that
otherresource
factors must
b
good.
Because free
do notinuse
capacity at the primary
resource
very littlerates.
attention is given to them under
drum-buffer-rope
forgoods
scheduling
a remanufacturing
environment
withconstraint,
changing demand
simulation of a job shop operation, this study finds that the performance of DBR is very sensitive to changes in the levels of
operation. Therefore, contrary to the way free goods have been treated in the past, schedulers using DBR need to be cogniza
This
presentsand
the scheduled.
findings from
a simulation
actual
production
itemsarticle
are accepted
2004
Elsevierusing
B.V. All
rights
reserved.data comparing the material requirements planni
with that of drum-buffer-rope (DBR) from the theory of constraints (TOC), previously called OPT. The simulation is based on p
diesel engine factory currently using MRP. The same data were then used under DBR procedures. Care was taken to utilize th
suggested in the TOC literature. A buffer-modified MRP was also modeled. This environment used MRP scheduling with a buff
constraining operation. An analysis of variance of the results of all scenarios indicates that the constraint buffer used in DBR
This
paper
a new
approach in calculating the optimal size of the time buffer which is used to accommodate disrup
output
fromdescribes
the system.
1995.
and provide maximum productivity of capacity constrained resources (CCR). The problem is formulated in terms of single-ser
approach is based on identifying the optimal number of units waiting in the line (the optimal size of the time buffer) that will
operational profits while protecting CCRs from becoming idle. Sensitivity analysis of the derived results can help to schedule

This paper describes an investigation into the trade-off between capacity, inventory and variance reduction techniques for b
and model mix fluctuations in a manufacturing cell. The cell is patterned after one that produces engine blocks which feed d
at a plant manufacturing large diesel engines. Asimulation model is used to evaluate the effect of different buffering techniq
throughput time and output rate. Two production control systems are used in the cell, one based on a pull approach, the othe
results show that variance reduction and capacity increases are serious alternatives to using inventory for buffering in either
This paper documents an investigation of drum-buffer-rope (DBR) scheduling and flow control methodology in single-product
particular, DBR flow control is reviewed and the importance of correctly representing this type of flow control mechanism in s
Departures from valid DBR conceptual and simulation modeling are illustrated. It is shown that the model of a previously pub
system not a DBR system, and that related conclusions regarding protective capacity and constraint location are unsupporte
flow control is shown using discrete simulation experiments that compare the DBR model and a similar push model. Suggest
This
research
in B.V.
depth
e!ect
of the level and the location of protective capacity relative to the location of th
are offered.
investigated
2008 Elsevier
Allthe
rights
reserved.
simulation experiment. A production line with four stages is simulated. Location of the constraint, level of protective capacity
and system down time are included as experimental factors. ANOVA is used for the analysis of the results, followed by Tukey
show that protective capacity has a significant e!ect on shop performance, however with diminishing returns. The location o
plays a significant role in shop performance. The results also indicate that the extent of benefits derived from protective cap
A
capacity-constrained
using
the concept
of the
theoryElsevier
of constraints
a semiconductor
Logic IC final test opera
depends
on the level ofscheduling
variability and
system
downtime.
2000
Sciencefor
B.V.
All rights reserved.
scheduling of the IC final test considers unrelated parallel machines with multiple constraint problems. A broad product mix,
long and variable set-up times, as well as limited test equipment capacity characterize the operations in this test facility. Dis
models based on e-M-Plant are developed to implement the capacity-constrained scheduling algorithm. A comparison is al
which are combinations of the rules such as first come first serve and earliest due date for the order scheduling, and the rule
A
caseshortest
study investigating
a reengineering
on theory
of constraints
fundamental
measurements
is presented.
time,
processing time
and shortestproject
set-up based
time plus
processing
time for the
dispatching
test equipment.
The simula
triggered
project. The main scheduling
constraint is
the marketother
itself.rules
Moreover,
policy constraint
encouraging
local
optima
in the p
proposed the
capacity-constrained
outperforms
for thea committed
volume
performance
in many
different
process
limits
the company
from
its goal and prevents it from exploiting the market constraint. The paper also discu
Directions
for future
research
are reaching
also presented.
such projects.

A dynamic bottleneck dispatching (DBD) policy is designed in this paper to detect bottlenecks in a timely way and make ada
semiconductor wafer fabrication systems according to the real-time conditions. Control parameters of the proposed DBD alg
response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability functions. Numerical results show that DBD outperforms common sche
FIFO, EDD, SRPT, SPT, SPNB and an existing dynamic bottleneck dispatching method. Keywords: dynamic bottleneck dispatc
wafer fabrication system (SWFS) response surface methodology (RSM) simulation optimisation

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

As a fictional case study, Eliyahu Goldratt's novel about manufacturing, The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement, prese
approach to production management. As a novel, the book does not emphasise the quantitative details of the plant improve
amount of information about the plant is spread throughout the book. By collecting and analysing this data, a concrete pictu
its improvements may be developed, which can greatly help the book's readers understand and evaluate the cumulative imp
of ongoing improvement'.
Available-to-promise (ATP) systems deal with a number of managerial decisions related to order capture activities in a compa
acceptance/rejection, due date setting, and resource scheduling. These different but interrelated decisions have often been s
and, to the best of our knowledge, no framework has been presented to integrate them into the broader perspective of orde
attempts to provide a general framework for ATP-related decisions. By doing so, we: (1) identify the different decision proble
present the different literature-based models supporting related decisions into a coherent framework and (3) review the mai
Computerized
shopone
floor
is probably
of the approaches
most glaringfor
examples
of an area
in which
theliterature,
tremendous
efforts
literature for each
of scheduling
these. We first
describeone
different
order capture
available
in the
depending
number
of companies
have
at best
only athe
partial
solution.
One ofinformation
the more successful
is known
as OPT**
to the application
context
ofproduced
ATP systems,
namely
inclusion
of explicit
about dueattempts
dates in the
decision
model
technology).
This article
describes
its parameters,
evolutionaryup
process
basically
computerized
Kanbanare
to identified.
an attempted
computer
among decisions.
According
to these
to six from
approaches
foraATP-related
decisions
Secondly,
we
Rope
technique.
The
majorfrom
emphasis
will be on
the reasoning
gained from
the experience
implementing
this package
t
decision
problems
derived
the different
approaches,
and -describe
the main
issues and of
key
references involving
each -on
quickly
tonumber
its ultimate
conclusion.and
Thefuture
real key
lies mainly
in the
conceptual framework under which we run our organization
Finally, a
of conclusions
research
lines are
discussed.
Critical WIP loops II (CWIPL II) is a proposed material flow control mechanism for an unbalanced flow line environment. CWIP
determines critical loops in unbalanced lines. The WIP of critical loops identifies the time of releasing raw material to the line
classification for unbalanced flow line which is 'near unbalanced flow line' and 'perfect unbalanced flow line'. In near unbalan
bottleneck and a raw material release to the line if 'WIP of the bottleneck' or 'WIP upstream the bottleneck' is less than defin
unbalanced line there are multiple bottleneck and a raw material release to the line if 'WIP upstream the slowest machine' o
Decisions
production
control
(PPCS)
choices
be classified
strategic,
whereas of
paramet
bottleneck'regarding
is less than
defined planning
level. Likeand
CWIPL,
thestrategy
necessary
condition
for can
releasing
the rawasmaterial
is 'idleness
the fir
tactical
nature.
However,and
readjustment
is often skipped
as a result
of a lackin
ofthe
planning
expertise
or because
it would
compared
with CONWIP
TOC by simulation.
Differenteither
scenarios
are employed
comparison
analysis.
The scenarios
For
this reason,
robustness,
whichtime
is defined
as PPCS
behaviour
within
dynamic
environments,
is and
investigated.
achieve
ag
number
of machines,
processing
distribution,
WIP
target level.
Location
of slowest
machine
location ofTotwo
primary
sensitivity
parameter
changes
in a production
system,
PPCS stability
is examined.
AnCWIPL
eM-Plant
based simulation
examples. on
Simulation
results
and statistical
tests of
141 numerical
examples
show that
II improves
lead time model
in nearisu
service-level
of material
planning
(MRP), Kanban,
constant
work in process
(CONWIP)
and
drum-bu
throughput inperformance
perfect unbalanced
line requirement
compared with
TOC . Because
of the trade
off between
line throughput
and
lead
time,
Decomposition
procedures
for
job shop
scheduling
problems,
such
shifting
(SB)
procedure,
have
pro
with
attention
to
the work
in
process
(WIP).
the service-level
performance
CONWIP
exceeds
of
theshown
other
sys
improves
one of
them
while
maintaining
theAlthough
other at
previous
levelas
is the
valuable.
It bottleneck
is of
shown
that
CWIPL
II that
has improved
TOC
in
shop
environments.
However,
they have
primarily been
testedseeks
usingtoproblems
where all practitioneers
machines are identical
in terms
of op
maintain
its
advantage
under dynamic
conditions.
The paper
support industrial
both in their
choice
improved
CONWIP.
Many
practical
problems involve bottleneck machines which become the focus of scheduling efforts, as suggeste
parametrize
thescheduling
PPCS successfully.
In this paper we examine the performance of several variants of SB, some of which can be interpreted as naive implementat
scheduling. Our results show that both the solution time and quality of SB methods improve markedly when bottleneck work
Detailed
of large
wafer fabrication
facilities
require
amountsleads
of computer
time.
However,simulation
schedulingmodels
bottleneck
machines
optimally and
usingcan
simple
rulessubstantial
at other machines
to poor execution
performance
un
have
frequently
embraced
the notion
detail must be sacrificed,
bottlenecks
significantly
exceeds
that that,
of theif non-bottleneck
machines. it is wise to reduce detail for the low-utilization workst
prescription for how to reduce the detail and empirical evidence of the validity of the approximation has been lacking. In this
estimates of total cycle time and equipment utilization may be obtained using reduced fabrication simulation models that re
utilization workstations with fixed time lags. We demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation on industrial data. The crite
workstations from the model is the standard deviation of lot waiting time. The computer execution time for such reduced mo
than that for complete models of the fabrication.

Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) is an alternative approach to manufacturing planning and control that is not as formally tested as M
Planning (MRP) systems which have traditionally been around for years. Yet, some reports indicate very good performance fo
of synchronous manufacturing principles. But how do these systems compare and relate to one another? Based on our exper
Manufacturing Company that actually made the transition from an MRP system to a DBR system, we conduct simulation-bas
with the objective of providing a more formal comparison between these two systems than what has been offered in prior lit
Dynamic
allows
timethat
buffer
to aextend
in length
(and
early) when
nonconstraint
resources
feedin
this is thebuffering
only study
of itsakind
uses
real-world
setting
to release
evaluatematerials
key differences
and convergence
points
between
c
loaded
in Our
the short
isolate
the effects
of Goldratt's
dynamic
buffering
on inventory
levels
and deli
systems.
resultsterm.
showThis
thatstudy
evensought
thoughto
the
MRP and
DBR systems
position
inventory
differently
and provide
different
dy
simulation,
we evaluated
the several
effects of
dynamicpolicies
buffering
oncan
a two-product
manufacturing
cell. WeWhile
foundthe
that
dynamic
buffe
customer demand,
there are
operating
that
be implemented
in either system.
DBR
performanc
efficiently
does to
a buffer
of fixed
Since the reduction
WIP
more
thanthe
offset
any increase
finished-goods
was clearlythan
superior
a nominal
MRPlength.
implementation,
we show in
that
even
within
constraints
of theinstructural
designinven
of M
reduced
whilebased
maintaining
improving
on-time
delivery.
modification
on DBR or
principles
can
significantly
reduce these performance differences. This finding has an important i
For
successful
closed-loop
supply
chains,
fromofcustomers
a key
role.
cases prese
managers
whooperation
need not of
necessarily
switch
from
a MRPproduct
systemacquisition
to a DBR type
a system plays
(as was
done
by Most
our case-study
fir
have
looked
at
products
that
still
have
a
considerable
marginal
value
of
time
or
short
life
cycles.
In
such
cases,
it
seems
advantage of attractive features of the DBR system. Future researchers can use our study to understand more fully
how mor
thes
return
products
the end ofcan
their
cycle.exploited
But for ato
wide
range ofunique
products
such as
apparel,
thethe
opposite
is the case.
This
Operating
Policyat
differences
belife
further
implement
systems
that
combine
best features
of both
D
classification
of products
for end-of-life acquisition based on the marginal value of time and the product lifetime. In a second
Taylor & Francis
Group Ltd.
economics are discussed to evaluate the behaviour of end-customers regarding end-of-life returns. A modified version of the
Implementing
the
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR)
management
effectively
increases throughput,
lowers
work
in process
(WI
taken up, which
allows
an assessment
of the
transactionsystem
costs incurred
by customers
for end-of-life
returns.
This
will show
th
improves
on-time delivery
implementing
DBR isisdifficult
complex
in manufacturing
environment
vital for acquiring
productsperformance.
at the end of However,
their life. The
case of ECOLOG
used toand
explore
related
issues and discuss
the imp
flows,
such
semiconductor
waferreturn
manufacturing
customer
inas
planning
such product
channels.plants, IC substrate manufacturing plants, and multilayer board manufac
drum development method for these environments is a key problem. That is, several bottleneck operations of a lot will appe
locations. Ensuring proper sequencing of bottleneck operations and providing sufficient time between adjacent bottleneck op
In
recentindecades,
have
adoptedA management
philosophies
as Just-In-Time environments
(JIT) and Theory
of bottleneck
Constraintsre(
method
the drumcompanies
development
process.
drum development
methodsuch
for manufacturing
with
productivity
thus, financial
performance.
Thisofpaper
describes
the useand
of aprovide
comprehensive
of criteria
toadjacent
examinebott
em
This method and,
can ensure
the effective
sequencing
bottleneck
operations
sufficientset
time
between
unit
performance,
over 3 years,
as reported
by firms
adopting
these
management
well as by those
usingexam
a tr
within
a drum. In addition,
a detailed
exploration
of the
principles
and
algorithm inphilosophies
this method as
is presented.
A numeric
approach.
We compare the
performance
the change
performance
of companies
reporting
TOC adoption,
those reporti
substrate manufacturing
case
are utilizedand
to evaluate
theinapplication
of the
proposed method.
Employing
this proposed
met
reporting
to have
adopted
and those
reporting
adopted implement
neither (traditional
manufacturing).
Resultssystem.
indicate th
manufacturing
plants
with both,
bottleneck
re-entrant
flowstotohave
successfully
an effective
DBR management
In
the
authors experience,
students
have difficulty
in understanding
between
production
planningchange
and contro
and
improvement
in performance
accrued
to adopters
of TOC . JIT didthe
notdifferences
have superior
performance
or superior
in p
current
businessmanufacturing.
managers, although
they
have heard about
these
systems,
lack clarity on
the
differences
with traditional
Change
in performance
for firms
using
JIT andmay
TOCalso
simultaneously
was
negative
and between
trailed a
games
for simulating
production
runs in four
systems
significant
degree (except
when compared
with
TOC ).(Materials Requirements Planning, Just-In-Time, Theory of Constraints a
managers and students insight into the mechanics of different production planning control techniques. We then provide exc
allow users to vary parameters for each system and see the impact on inventory and throughput. We believe that the combi
In
the authors
experience,enhances
students understanding
have difficulty in
differences
between production planning and contro
based
games significantly
of understanding
the systems asthe
well
as their differences.
current business managers, although they have heard about these systems, may also lack clarity on the differences between
games for simulating production runs in four systems (Materials Requirements Planning, Just-In-Time, Theory of Constraints a
managers and students insight into the mechanics of different production planning control techniques. We then provide exc
allow users to vary parameters for each system and see the impact on inventory and throughput. We believe that the combi
In
this games
paper, a
novel system,
denoted
as MPLM (Multi
Process/Product
Lineas
Management),
for production goaling and contro
based
significantly
enhances
understanding
of the
systems as well
their differences.
manufacturing lines is outlined. Goaling is the process of allocating targets on amount of work (wafer lots) to be produced by
at each of its process steps, over a tactical planning horizon (e.g. one shift). In MPLM, the production goaling problem is repr
sequential allocation problems of assigning lots to tools. Each of these sequential allocation problems is then converted into
problem and solved optimally, for a parametric planning horizon, and consequently aggregated into a legible and detailed m
In
this preface,
I provide
a brief
historical
background
and basic
concepts of
of the
the plan
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)
for the sake
of r
is integrated
into
a real-time
shop-floor
dispatching
system
for execution
seamlessly.
After the
successful
implem
present
a summary
of the papers
accepted
for this
special performance
issue within abenefits
framework,
then point
outto
a few
potential
rese
semiconductor
manufacturing
facilities
at Intel,
significant
wereand
recorded
relative
previously
used
m
substantial
impact on the future TOC research, specifically in the production management arena.
and WIP management.

In this study, we attempted to advance the academic dialogue towards establishing TOC as a formal operations managemen
improving practice. We link the component parts of the TOC and map the theoretical arrangement to the consensual definitio
properties of a theory. Also, we examine whether TOC satisfy the virtues of a good theory (uniqueness, parsimony, conserva
fecundity, internal consistency, empirical riskiness, and abstraction). Consequently, a practical outcome of our study stems f
of the goodness criteria as a useful instrument for examining future theories in the field of operations. From a practitioner's s
In
today's
competitive
business
firm's long-term
survival
rests better
heavily
on its ability to
manufacturing
strong
theoretical
foundation
forenvironments,
TOC, we assistamanagers
deploying
it to gain
understanding
of sustain
TOC elements
and ult
competitors.
To provide
firm
detailed
sustaining
manufacturing
superiority,The
thisstudy
paperconcludes
examinesby
theske
im
implementation
failures.the
Also,
wewith
increase
theguidelines
credibility for
of TOC
in the eyes
of senior executives.
management
accounting
control systems
and time horizon
on manufacturing performance in an ent
future research
that have systems,
industrialmanufacturing
relevance for successful
TOC implementation
efforts.
integrated environment. These management accounting systems include traditional costing, activity-based costing and throu
manufacturing control systems include Just-In-Time- and Theory of Constraints-based manufacturing. Through a series of sim
In
today's
environment,
reducing
Work
in Process
(WIP) to improve
cyclecustomer
time, delivery
and
product
has b
found
thatcompetitive
activity-based
costing provided
higher
shortand long-term
profit, better
service
and
lower quality
work-in-proc
maintaining
profitability.accounting
However, due
to conservative
attitudes
conceptual
has spread
alongand
the materia
entire p
costing and throughput
in situations
where firms
haveand
high
overhead mistakes,
costs and WIP
relatively
low labour
intended
to because
maximize
utilization
of resources,
WIP can
be caused
to become over-sized.
This
maximum
reso
inventories
ofthe
demand
uncertainty.
Traditional
costing
also outperformed
throughput
accounting
byutilization
exploitingofthe
re
proved
incorrect
the Theory
of Constraint
and
WIP should
be queued
only in front
of constraintTheory
machine,
thereby ensuring
capabilities
of anby
enterprise
resource
planning
system.
Just-In-Time
manufacturing
outperformed
of Constraints
with
starvation.
Although
this concept
hasand
been
proved correctinventory
and despite
manyofreported
examples
of successful
implementatio
term profitability,
customer
service,
work-in-process
because
differences
in buffer
inventory policies
and se
Integrated
agri-industrial
systems
(IAISs),
such
sugarcane
andhad
processing
systems,
are complex
systems
and henc
practice,
the
WIP its
level
is still
determined
by
theas
trial
and errorsupply
approach.
Therefore,
a WIP
computation
model
is deemed
nec
time horizon
and
interaction
with
management
accounting
systems
no impact
on the
manufacturing
performance.
In
understand
andbuffer
manage.
The large
number
factors
in
IAISs
withprocess
the complex
interrelationships
among
the
factorscos
m
constraint
time
determination
model
proposed.
Thecoupled
model first
proposes
a machine-view's
bill of
routing
representin
that a management
accounting
system
thatis
depicts
the
manufacturing
tended
to provide more
accurate
product
the
points
of intervention
improving
their
overall performance.
Several
approaches,
such as the network
theory is
and
the T
fundamental
structure
for for
formulating
computing
the maximum
time buffer.
The machine-view's
bill of routing
a tree
s
a better
system
performance
than the and
others.
been
used
identify
important
systemsare
with
variations
This
demonstrates
a primary
influence
v
machine
is to
the
root node
and itsfactors
feeder in
machines
entry
nodes in
(orsuccess.
subtrees)
of paper
the root
node. With this
tree structure,
the
and
ranking the
factors and
that its
drive
the performance
IAISs.
approach
is based onBy
comprehensive
network
analys
the constraint
machine
feeder
machines canofthen
beThe
studied
and formulated.
incorporating causal
the MTTR
of each
feed
relatively
diverse
large-scale
sugarcane
operations
in South Africa.
Resultstofrom
the analyses
were constraint
found to betime
consis
relationship
can then
be formulated
and milling
the time
buffer computed.
Furthermore,
validate
the proposed
bu
external
ofand
the a
milling
areasmodel
as at the
timedeveloped.
of the study. It is concluded that the approach can proffer a sound bas
example knowledge
is illustrated
simulation
is also
problems in systems can be identified on an ongoing basis. It is, however, recommended that the approach should be system
relevant methods that are used to analyse complex systems. Article ahead-of-print.

It is intuitively appealing to measure downtime in terms of total time lost (i.e. frequency times duration). However, the same
produced by an infinite number of frequency/duration combinations. This study reports the findings of a computer simulation
varying combinations of downtime frequency/duration pairs on performance of serial production systems. The research repo
different downtime frequency/duration combinations affect serial production lines differently even when the total downtime r
suggests that long duration, infrequently occurring variation has a much more negative impact on system performance than
Learning
theory
been
an &important
occurringcurve
variation.
has
2010
Taylor
Francis. consideration for capacity planning and bid preparation since the 1940's. Cons
new approach to managing manufacturing systems. This paper examines the implications each of these theories has for the
relationships are identified using a deterministic simulation of a simple production line which is influenced by learning and th
constraint. The rate of improvement of several measures of system performance follows the learning rate, but because of th
constraint, other measures of performance actually get worse.
Managing a distribution system requires the right inventory in the right place at the right time. A Theory of Constraints reple
presented to aggregate inventory buffers at the central warehouse in plant and change the mode of operation from push to
but the optimal amount of buffer remains undetermined. In Theory of Constraints, choosing a specific buffer size is not crucia
monitored in a timely manner. Accordingly, Theory of Constraints is offered a buffer management approach for monitoring th
management is feasible and effective but is insufficiently rigorous. This paper elucidates a generic buffer management proce
One
wouldofexpect
a continuous
production planning
and control
system
to be more
sensitiveto
tosize
information
inaccuracy
than
of Theory
Constraints
buffer management
that rigorously
defines
a method
of monitoring
and adjust
the buffer.
An
major
source
of information
inaccuracy
the updating procedure.
rate of the perceived system state. This phenomenon is particularly s
feasibility
of the
proposed generic
bufferismanagement
must employ appropriate technology and procedures for updating the corporate information throughout its branches. The st
strategies for production planning and control under different updating rates for inventory information. For this purpose, we
mechanism for an environment characterized by inaccurate information. Then we construct a simulation model for a specific
One-piece
and kanban/pull
methods
used to
reduce
work-in-process
(WIP)
and flowtime
in manufacturing
that can beflow
controlled
by either the
Pull orhave
Pushbeen
approach.
The
simulation
results show
a significant
domination
of the Pullflo
st
methods
have
limitations.
For example,
one-piece
does not
workmachine
well when
there
are variations,
relatively large
set-up
requir
confirm that
the
Pull approach
protects the
flow of flow
materials
against
and
market
which
were times
known,
and
components.
One-piece
flow
also
to be well
balanced
with aupdating
minimum
of since
variability
in processing
times a
information, which
is new.
The
Pullrequires
strategyoperations
is less sensitive
to the
information
rate
it smoothes
the materials
Unfortunately,
these
conditions
doare
notmuch
exist. smaller.
The theory of constraints drum-buffer-rope (DBR) method is designed for
information gaps
(known
versusoften
actual)
has been shown to be effective for products with large operation time variation. However, DBR does not generally optimise fl
One-piece
flow
and Kanban/pull
have been
used
to reduceawork-in-process
(WIP)
and Grouping
flowtime in
manufacturing
flo
process with
moving
constraintsmethods
(bottlenecks).
We have
developed
method called Takt
Time
(TTG)
for implement
methods
have limitations.
For example,
one-piece
doesgood
not work
wellTTG
when
there are
relatively
large
set-up times requir
manufacturing,
when one-piece
flow or DBR
do notflow
provide
results.
combines
one-piece
flow
manufacturing,
trans
components.
One-piece
flow
requires operations
to be well sizing
balanced
with aUsing
minimum
of variability
in processing
times
concepts through
the use
of aalso
constraints-based
transfer-batch
formula.
a discrete
event simulation
model,
it isa
Unfortunately,
conditions
do not
exist.
The theory
of constraints
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR)
is and
designed
throughput ratethese
as compared
tooften
one-piece
flow,
CONWIP
and DBR
approaches,
with much lower
WIP method
inventory
fasterfor
flo
has been shown to be effective for products with large operation time variation. However, DBR does not generally optimise fl
Outputs
of each
enterprise
resource
planning (ERP)
process
in an ERP
system called
could constraint
outputs of(TTG)
the next
ERP proce
process with
moving
constraints
(bottlenecks).
We have
developed
a method
Takt Time Grouping
for implement
necessary
to determine
the ability
of or
ERP
processes
to support
the
orchestration
of an ERP
system.
This
paper presentstrans
a bi
manufacturing,
when one-piece
flow
DBR
do not provide
good
results.
TTG combines
one-piece
flow
manufacturing,
outsourcing
framework
to of
identify
any ERP process
that effects sizing
on theformula.
orchestration
an ERP system.
The contribution
concepts through
the use
a constraints-based
transfer-batch
Using of
a discrete
event simulation
model, itofisth
constraint-oriented
outsourcing
frameworkflow,
for orchestration
ERP
is twofold: (1)
develops
the
traditional
constraints
throughput rate as compared
to one-piece
CONWIP and of
DBR
approaches,
withit much
lower
WIP
inventory
and fasterman
flo
criteria
to &
a Francis.
fuzzy multi-criteria environment and (2) it develops a linear programming technique for multidime
2014environment
2014 Taylor
Outputs
of each
enterprise
(ERP) process
an ERP
system
could
constraints outputs
of the next
proc
preference
(LINMAP)
model resource
to a fuzzyplanning
group bi-level
LINMAP in
model.
A case
study
demonstrates
the applicability
of ERP
the propo
necessary
toframework
determine for
theorchestration
ability of ERPof
processes
to support
the orchestration of an ERP system. This paper presents a bioutsourcing
ERP modules
and processes.
outsourcing framework to identify any ERP process that effects on the orchestration of an ERP system. The contribution of th
constraint-oriented outsourcing framework for orchestration of ERP is twofold: (1) it develops the traditional constraints man
criteria environment to a fuzzy multi-criteria environment and (2) it develops a linear programming technique for multidimen
Peaks
occur
when
accustomed
to operating
under A
market
constraint
conditions
occasionally
encounters
peaks in
mark
(LINMAP)
model
toaafirm
fuzzy
group bi-level
LINMAP model.
case study
demonstrates
the
applicability
of the proposed
constra
exceed
the for
firm's
supply capacity.
paperand
defines
the demand peak, classifies peak management (PM) conditions and pre
framework
orchestration
of ERPThis
modules
processes.
The Theoryof-Constraints (TOC) is expanded to handle the PM concept, introducing the two-policy concept: one policy for pea
non-peak periods. The paper outlines techniques to elevate the firm's peak performance by loading during the peak period. D
peak and offpeak periods are presented and a comprehensive methodology is suggested to deal with the PM problem, includ
Perhaps
due
to its policy.
originsThe
in apaper
production
scheduling
calledand
Optimised
Production
Technology
plus
the idea of
policy and
pricing
demonstrates
thesoftware
methodology
techniques
in a broad
range of(OPT),
real-life
managemen
constraints,
many
believe
that the
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)
has
vocation
for optimal
solutions.
Those impact
who assess
TOC
a
principles, the
present
analysis
shows
the different
decision
rules
fora the
two periods
and their
substantial
on the
firm
indicate
that
it guarantees
an optimal of
solution
onlyunder
in certain
circumstances.
In opposition
to the
thisrules
view for
andmaking
founded
ontransit
a num
the paper
discusses
the ramifications
operating
two distinct
sets of rules,
as well as
the
mix
problem,
a peak
period.this paper shows, by means of TOC assumptions, why the TOC should not be compared to methods intended t
solutions, but rather sufficiently good solutions, possible in non-deterministic environments. Moreover, we extend the range
Remanufacturing
is a by
process
of bringing
used products
as 'cores')
to 'like-new'
functional
by rebuilding
and rep
product mix decision
introducing
a heuristic
based on(known
the uniquely
identified
work that
aims at state
achieving
feasible solution
parts.
Remanufacture
has long been
usedonin100
many
industries
forproblems
high-capital-cost
but it represents
new kind of
of view.
The heuristic proposed
is tested
production
mix
and the equipment,
results are compared
with thea responses
o
companies
in other
industriesThe
that,
for a mixture
of the
cost,
regulatory,
and
environmental
reasons,but
wish
to adapt tofalls
this sharply
mode
Integer Linear
Programming.
results
show that
heuristic
gives
good
results on average,
performance
objective
this research was to develop a model of the business processes used in remanufacture. The methodology used i
Taylor andofFrancis.
modelling techniques, case-study work with companies, and evaluation work with a panel of experts based on the necessary
Scheduling
in a
remanufacturing
environment
is more
complex
andvalidated
the scheduler
deal with moreindustry.
uncertainty
a
research. The
outcome
of the research
was a model
that
has been
in themust
electromechanical
The than
paperinpre
environment.
In order to
schedule
in a remanufacturing
environment
the schedule
must upon
be able
cope with severa
illustrate the structure
of properly
the model
and concludes
with some proposals
for further
work to build
thistounderstanding
of
increase
variability. The schedule must be able to cope with conditional routeings, a routeing that may or may not be taken d
sustainability.
unit. The schedule must also be able to cope with dependent events, e.g. operation B cannot begin until operation A is comp
(DBR.) offers an extremely robust method of scheduling. A schedule built using DBR can take both conditional routeings and
Significant
in military
strategydepot
over is
the
past century
haveand
hadeach
littlestep
impact,
if any,
business
strategy.
This
a
account. A developments
realistic example
from a military
discussed
in detail
required
toon
build
a schedule
using
DBR
paradigm
brute-force
frontal confrontation
asat
practised
in the First
World
Warare
to benchmarked
shrewd identification
weakness
also showsshift
the from
results
from a simulation
model of DBR
a repair/rework
depot
which
against of
the
present
apply
insight in the business world, we present a methodology focusing on the weakest link: the Achilles heel. We apply
controlthis
system.
identifying the adversarys Achilles heel and attacking it. We aim to avoid attacking the competitors front namely its produc
through painful head-to-head attrition price and advertising wars. Instead, we propose a new attack strategy focusing on th
The study integrates a new military insight, specifically from an approach called operational theory, with an insight from the
sophistication of the Achilles heel strategy makes it particularly effective for small players David competing with large Gol
methodology: identifying the Achilles heel deciding whether or not to attack it and tailoring an Achilles heel strategy. The t
numerous business and military applications.

Since the early 1980s, manufacturing philosophies such as manufacturing resource planning (MRP), just-in-time (JIT), and the
have emerged as distinct, viable, and competitive planning and control systems for improving the organisational performanc
outlines many similarities and differences among these philosophies and attempts to answer the question: what is the best c
mind, this paper reviewed the journal articles comparing TOC with MRP and JIT and provided specific future research directio
compete effectively against MRP and JIT and thereby, holds promise, the results are still inconclusive primarily because the m
The
the
results
on creating
a dedicated
planning
system
and shop floorconsidered,
control in the
conditions
lack article
in one presents
respect or
the
other of
in research
terms of realistic
examples
modelled,
breadth
of characteristics
rigorous
meth
manufacturing
complex
products.
The research
carried
out at the
Marine Diesel
Engines
Factory of HCP list
S.A.,
HC
depth of statistical
analysis
performed.
In termswas
of future
research
directions,
we develop
a comprehensive
of Poznan.
characteris
of
high-power
marine
engines
insome
Europe.
The result
of the
is a method
for buffering
critical resources in shop floor c
literature
reviewed
and
suggest
specific
empirical
asresearch
well as analytical
research
streams.
buffering critical resources include procedures of buffer management, (buffer configuration and optimisation), a system of di
feedback protecting from the destructive influence of 'wandering bottlenecks'. The simulations show that this method is mor
The
authors stateproduction
the purpose
of this work
is to present
the differences
between
TOC
andthe
OPT.
This is done by
using
threethe
di
drum-buffer-rope
solution,
according
to the theory
of constraints
(TOC),
using
first-in-first-out
rule.
Finally,
familiar
with Goldratts
own 20%
paperlower
titledthan
" Mythe
Saga
To Improve
Production",
1995,
many
with
thisand
work
work-in-process
were about
solution
recommended
to TOC
. Inwill
thenotice
final part
of similarities
the article a
place
am
to
Goldratt
1979, with
the meaning
of the anachronism
changing in the 80s. Application to job shop production was achiev
solution
in ainplanning
system
of the enterprise
are discussed.
software in 1980. The concepts of reducing inventory and excess capacity for most stages of production are mentioned as be
Goal was introduced in 1984 and contained many of the concepts underlying OPT but did not mention OPT itself. Emphasis in
The
asthe
well
as thebottleneck.
turmoil thatAthe
implementation
enterprise
resource
planning
(ERP) systems
for multin
was benefits
placed on
system
dissatisfaction
with of
cost
accounting
was also
acknowledged
at thiscreates
time. Many
comp
known.
Several
and achieved
evidence better
through
case studies
underline
bothOPT
thesoftware.
difficulties
theOPT
resulting
benefits
of ERPs.
concepts
found reports
in The Goal
results
than those
that used
Byand
1985
software
had been
modT
reasoning
long conceptual
implementation
times and
organizational
thunderstorms
the deployment
of introduced
ERP systemt
was placedbehind
on finding
replacements
for
cost accounting
procedures. that
T, I, tantalise
OE emerged.
The Race was
of
implementation
projects
that generate
the majority
of technical
problems
and constitute
the projects
to most
OPT software.
DBR was
introduced.
The capacity
constrained
resourceand
wasfunctional
recognised
and defined
as not necessarily
a bo
development
ERPof
systems
due The
to key
and unique
a business
environment,
andresponses.
localizationInand
repor
the findings ofwithin
a survey
OPT users.
strengths
and requirements
weaknesses ofinOPT
are listed,
based on user
summary
The
capacity
available-to-promise
(CATP)
concept,
which iscontaining
designed
to
enhance
the
available-to-promise
(ATP)
feature
in
MR
must
adhere
to
or want to
achieve.
The approach
proposes
the classification
of of
functional
requirements
business
critical
software
which
provides
a finite
scheduling
methodology,
elements
DBR.
Discussion
aboutinto
the
scheduling
com
strategy
make-to-stock
(MTS)
make-to-order
(MTO),
was DBR
developed
recently.
Inthese
contrast
an ATP,
which
is theSubseq
future
the distribution
of
code
development
for
system
not focus
fully
supported
processes
among
twoto
classes
is
discussed.
topic from
of the
next
section
of
this to
paper.
The main
being
and the
Five
Focusing
Steps.
Buffer
management
is
me
projected
master production
schedule,
a CATPwith
provides
a of
detailed
and
time-phased
diagram
of unused
production
times
deployment
inefficiencies
are
the level
of code
development,
the difficulty
of avoiding
thiscapacit
for
a focusand
forby
continuous
improvement.
Thecoupled
inappropriateness
conventional
measuresand
is
stated
as
providing
motivation
forthG
marketing
personnel
to
establish
realistic
order
promise
dates
and
concentrate
on
selling
idle
capacity
in
the
future,
and ena
mainly
due
to
user
inflexibility
and
local
environment
peculiarities,
is
discussed.
Using
the
Theory
of
Constraints,
a
underlying concepts. The Theory of Constraints is discussed next. Goldratt is said to have devoted his efforts to thecoherent
developm
preferred
future
capacity.
This
study
abook
CATPThe
model
for drum-buffer-rope
(DBR)
systems.
Theand
DBRbetween
scheduling
system
bottlenecks
andTOC
effectively
planning
the
code
effort
is
proposed,was
andpublished
trade-offs
derived
successfu
1987 the name
was adopted.
In proposes
1990
thedevelopment
Haystack
Syndrome
toare
codify
discuss
the
logistic
The
concept
and
advantages
ofthe
the
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR)
scheduling
andVAT
buffer
management
(BM)
system
now
widel
schedule
systems
and managerial
is currently
being
implemented
by
a growing
of
manufacturing
companies.
This
CATP
model
implementations
with
enforcement
of best
practices
fullynumber
functional
within
major
ERP
systems.
Theare
approach
v
performance
measurements
of
general
theory
of the
organisation.
The
logistics
structure
is mentioned
as
part
of is
TOc
the
industrial
communities.
Therefore,
there
are
several
types
of
commercial
DBR
and
BM
business
solution
software
such
due-date
promising
and
exploitation
of
bottleneck.
This
CATP
model
can
also
be
embedded
in
current
commercial
or
priv
from
an
actual
SAP
R/3
implementation
at
the
largest
manufacturer
of
packaging
products
and
equipment
in
Europe.
were developed as part of TOC , and has the purpose of resolving the three questions managers face what to change, whatast
Visual
DBR,
Synchrono,
Drummer,
on the
market.
However,
prior to implementation
of any
of these,
so
as to
enhance
their effectiveness.
change.
The approach
is said
to be basedetc.,
on the
scientific
method
of postulating
and hypothesised
cause
of an factories
observedmu
eff
data
set
for
their
perspective
throughput
nets.
This
means
that
the
users
will
be
required
to
enter
and
maintain
complicate
detailed. In conclusion the authors state that confusion over OPT, The Goal, and TOC should be greatly reduced.aThis
paper c
difficulty
theTOC
entire
implementation
process will also increase. Furthermore, it is also unrealistic to mainta
works on of
OPT,
as software
well and system
a comprehensive
bibliography.
The
conventional
expression
of performance
measures
in environment.
the schedulingTherefore,
area has, in
from
very we
beginning,
never been
chan
dynamic
data in the
fast-paced
and competitive
business
thisthe
article,
have proposed
the Easy
of
this expression
that all the refers
jobs are
inusers
an overall
way
without
the individual
needs
ofof
specific
job
concept.
The termis'Easy-to-Use
to considered
the fact that
will be
required
toconsidering
enter and maintain
a minimal
set
fundamen
lack
of useful
information
control.
When shop
floor supervisors
face the
situation
delay
in an operation
schedu
factories
operation
needs.about
The system
framework
mentioned
in our article
contains
the of
fulla and
complete
functionin
ofathe
DBR
from
the objective
value cannotby
bethe
derived
In thiswith
paper,
propose a
new expression
of scheduling
performance
very limited
data maintenance
users.easily.
Therefore,
lesswe
procedural
complexity,
this system
can produce
a higherme
ra
includes
protected
operations
their
According
to thethroughput
new expression,
we develop
an in
algorithm
to derive
and can attract
higher
interestand
from
the allowable
users. Thefloats.
concept
of simplified
net design
proposed
our article
canno
The
design
of adevelop
simple
production
line
in which
serially the
arranged
workers
cana
work
independently
of one
another
assuming
each
operation
in
a schedule.
These
floats,
forsystems,
tackling
problems,
provide
shop floor
supervisors
with for
information
when
factories
their own
information
but above
can also
provide
new design
model
and
algorithm
the systei
Traditional
indicates
output
of
such action
asimplified,
line is
determined
by
slowest
station.
Traditional
thought
maintain
operation
in adatabase
schedule,
sothat
thatthe
a suitable
control
can
be
applied
tothe
each
operation.
Therefore,
by resorting
todynam
resch
well. Sinceisthought
the
maintenance
is significantly
the
factories
can
quickly
adapt
to
any changes
in the
Goldratt
( 1984
) says
that a
balanced
line objective
isIn
inefficient
because
of
statistical
fluctuations
Thesyste
pres
make
effort
to
reach
the
scheduling
value
of
original
schedule.
highlyevery
competitive
production
environment.
the article,
wethe
first
describe
the
concept ofand
the dependent
Easy-to-Useresources.
DBR and BM
simulation
of a 10-station
in which
thethroughput
capacity ofnet.
station
10 is explain
held constant
whileframework
additional and
capacity
is gradually
addeA
the information
system byline
using
a simple
We then
the system
design
methodology.
thus
calledsystem
the constraint,
while stations
arethe
non-constraints.
Theefficiency
shape ofof
the
extra
(or protective)
capacity
at non-cons
prototype
to demonstrate
and to 1-9
verify
applicability and
the
concept
and framework
mentioned
in o
The
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR)
is a scheduling
underfrom
the Theory
of Constraints
(TOC) philosophy.
In DBR,It'drum'
is a
pattern
to patterns that
increased
from 1 to mechanism
9 and decreased
1 to 9. Four
random patterns
were also tested.
was foun
capacity-constrained
resources
(CCRs),
the
speed
the whole
system
'rope'
is a mechanism
to
constraint capacity increased
the
outputwhich
of thecontrols
line, and
that
the of
flatproduction
protectivefor
capacity
pattern
slightly
bettered
the perform
material to the CCRs and 'buffer' is used to protect the CCRs from starvation due to statistical fluctuations. For a non-identica
environment, estimating an efficient rope and time buffer for DBR implementation is not an easy task because of the comple
machine loading. This paper proposes a new scheduling method, which is called the modified DBR (MOD-DBR). It applies a b
The
drum-buffer-rope
planning
andloadings
control system
is relatively
newinstead
in the published
literature.
As such,
many
scheduling
technique,(DBR)
including
machine
and detail
scheduling,
of the rope
mechanism
in DBR.
The issues
schedur
policies
yet tounder
be resolved.
this paper,time
we look
at three
such
policies. First
we study
selected
order
review/release
DBR arehave
evaluated
variableInprocessing
situations.
The
experimental
results
indicate
that the
MOD-DBR
without(O
a
appeared
the published
literature
to be
as the rope
DBR.
Secondly,
weperformance
study the impact
of lot splitting
DBR with ainconsiderable
level
of buffer
on used
the average
flow component
time, while in
they
have
the same
on tardiness,
const
into
numerous transfer batches. Lastly, the impact of capacity balance between the bottleneck resource and non-bottleneck
throughput.
simulation model of an existing V plant that manufactures pliers is constructed. Results indicate that the appropriate choice
The
GOAL
implements acriteria
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR) approach
to production
scheduling.
Earlier
of the
softwa
function
ofSYSTEM
the shop performance
felt to be important
by management.
No previous
paper
has versions
studied the
feasibility
building
a schedule
for one
constrainedWe
resource
at athe
time.
If multiple of
resources
constrainedon
the
overall
system's
capability,
methodologies
in a DBR
environment.
show that
performance
each is dependent
other
conditions
within
the sh
resources
had
toto
bebe
created
sequentially.
However,
theprocess
currentbatches
version into
contains
an ability
tobatches
simultaneously
create improved
multiple
splitting has
yet
studied.
We found that
splitting
smaller
transfer
nearly always
solutions
was generated
forindicate
benchmark
problems
developed
previous to
research.
new results
werelevels
compared
to solutio
Further, simulation
results
that shop
inventory
levelsin
necessary
achieveThe
comparable
service
is a function
o
sequential
algorithm, and
as well
as solutions which
optimally
minimize
maximum
simultaneous
was fou
between bottlenecks
non-bottlenecks,
i.e. capacity
slack.
As capacity
slacktardiness.
increases,The
thereby
reducingalgorithm
capacity balance
The
impacttardiness,
of buffering
just inworse
time (JIT)
theory
of constraints
(TOC)percentage
is studied to
whether
difference
maximum
butunder
performed
withand
respect
to average
flow-time,
of determine
tardy jobs and
total adays
late. i
a corresponding
decrease.
systems
faced with unplanned machine downtime. Comparisons are based on results obtained from simulation of a five-stat
1999.
substrate manufacturing. Analysis of the simulation output suggests that the TOC technique, drum-buffer rope (DBR), achiev
performance as measured by total output and lead time while reducing inventory requirements relative to the tested JIT tech
system performance stems from the strategic placement of buffers in DBR, which maximises protection of the constraint from
The
importance
of material
and product
recovery
is steadily
increasing,
duesystems
to customer
expectations
andJIT
take-back
attempting
to protect
each individual
station.
Further,
analysis
suggestsmainly
that DBR
are more
robust than
systems
major
operation
in material
and product
recovery,
since
returned
products levels.
are often disassembled to separate materials and
maintain
higher levels
of system
performance
across
a range
of inventory
considers the problem of scheduling several items on a single disassembly facility. It develops a cyclic lot-scheduling heuristi
with sequence-dependent set-ups, resulting in disassembly frequencies for the items. Additionally, the way the problem is fo
of the pro. table use of the facility. The disassembly frequencies and the pro. table use of the facility are used to create a cyc

The Lexicographic Bottleneck Assembly Line Balancing Problem (LB-ALBP) is a new assembly-line balancing problem recently
LB-ALBP hierarchically minimises the workload of the most heavily loaded workstation, followed by the workload of the secon
workstation, followed by the workload of the third most heavily loaded workstation, and so on. The original study presents tw
programming (MILP) models designed to solve the LB-ALBP optimally, together with three heuristic procedures based on the
propose and test new algorithms that combine a heuristic procedure for obtaining an initial solution and several local search
The
Operations
Research
( OR) community
defined
improvement
upon
the heuristic
procedureshave
published
to many
date. deterministic manufacturing control problems mainly focused
benchmark problems provide a mechanism for communication of the effectiveness of different optimization algorithms. Man
industry are stochastic and complex. Common features of these problems include: variable demand, machine part specific b
machine specific process durations, continuous production, Finished Goods Inventory (FGI) buffers, bottleneck machines and
Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is a commonly used tool for studying manufacturing systems of realistic complexity. There a
The
paper reviews
'classic
approaches'
Production
Planning and
Control (PPC)
such
Kanban,asManufacturing
Resource
Pl
benchmark
problems
for use
within the to
simulation
optimization
community
that are
asas
complex
those faced by
production
Constrains
(TOC),
and be
elaborates
upon the
emergence
of techniques
suchcontrol
as Workload
Control
Constant
Work
In Proc
an algorithm
that can
used to create
single
and multistage
production
problems.
The(WLC),
reported
software
implemen
Overlapping
Loops
with Authorization
(POLCA)
and
web- that
or e-based
Supply
Chain
(SCM)
Ac
generates text
filesof
in Cards
eXtensible
Markup Language
(XML)
format
are easily
edited
andManagement
understood as
well solutions.
as being cros
approaches
fromacceptance
the point ofofview
of various
sectors generated
of the Make-To-Order
(MTO) Industry
is presented.
The paper
considers
distribution and
benchmark
problems
with the algorithm
would enable
researchers
working
on simu
importance
of the
customer
enquiry stage,
company results
size, degree
of customization
and shop floor configuration and shows th
manufacturing
problems
to effectively
communicate
to benefit
the field in general.
applicability of planning and control concepts. The paper heightens the awareness of researchers and practitioners to the PP
system
selection decision-making,
and highlights
the importance
of bottlenecks,
a clear implementation
strategy.
emerges
as the du
m
The performance
of a wafer fabrication
system is constrained
by its
which are difficult
toWLC
detect
and improve
solution
whilst
otherthe
configurations
thereofare
several alternatives
depending
on strategy
individualiscompany
and of
the
system.
To for
weaken
negative effects
bottlenecks,
a work in process
(WIP)
proposedcharacteristics
in this paper which
key
forand
future
research,
including
the need forFirst,
empirical
research
into
the useand
of Workload
in the
small
and medium
levelareas
setting
online
WIP control
simultaneously.
bottlenecks
are
detected
classified Control
based on
constraint
we
the sensitivity of the system performance to the machine's fluctuant availability. Second, the target WIP level is allocated to
process fluctuation caused by unpredictable events. Third, in real time scheduling, the upstream machine of the bottlenecks
The
paper
analytical
approach
on reliability
to determine
sizes of constraint
buffer
orderpresent
to adjust
the describes
deviation an
of the
WIP levels
at the based
bottlenecks.
Finally,analysis
a simulation
platformthe
is developed
to validate
the ae
drum-buffer-rope-controlled
production system. Every machine in the system is modelled as a two-state named as up and do
method.
with these canonical models and the relationships between the feeder and fed machines, the models for determining constra
buffer are constructed. To illustrate the approach's practical usefulness, a numerical example is presented. Based on the dat
constraint buffer, the more feeder machines, the smaller the buffer size needed. And for assembly buffer, the more feeder m
The
anofanalytical
based on
reliability
to use
determine
the sizes of constraint
a
size present
needed.paper
Then, describes
two pieces
advice forapproach
the production
managers
to analysis
effectively
production-controlling
policiesbuffer
are pro
drumbufferrope-controlled production system. Every machine in the system is modelled as a two-state named as up and d
with these canonical models and the relationships between the feeder and fed machines, the models for determining constra
buffer are constructed. To illustrate the approach's practical usefulness, a numerical example is presented. Based on the dat
constraint buffer, the more feeder machines, the smaller the buffer size needed. And for assembly buffer, the more feeder m
The
anofopen
queuing
modelling
approach
to estimate
the size of the time buffers
in produc
size present
needed.paper
Then, describes
two pieces
advice
for thenetwork
production
managers
to effectively
use production-controlling
policies
are pro
the Theory of Constraints philosophy. Workstations in the production network are modelled as GI/G/m queues and a queuing
multiproduct open queuing network modelling method is used to estimate the average flow time to the time buffer origin an
flow time. Using these two values together with an assumption of normally distributed flow times and a chosen service level
is determined. The queuing network analysis method has been modified to enable the modelling of production networks with
The
recently
developed
alternatives
to traditional
production
planning
and been
control
systems such
material requirement
pla
service
and varying
transfer
batch sizes.
The modelling
approach
has also
incorporated
in aascomputerized
tool that use
the
(DBR)
and CONWIP
(CONstant
Worknetwork
In Process)
systems.such
Eachas
system
is best
as the
a combinati
suchdrum-buffer-rope
as bill-of-material
and routing
data, and
production
information
resource
datadescribed
to estimate
sizes and
(like
Kanban)
procedure.
Materials
are pulled
into the
shop
the appropriate
logic, and
once to
released,
time abuffers
for logistical
each product.
Simulation
experiments
indicate
that
thevia
procedure
is sufficiently
accurate
providematerials
an initia
subsequent
The
of the
and CONWIP control policies are analysed and compared in a three-st
needed timeworkcentres.
buffer lengths
at performance
the design stage
of DBR
the line.
production line. Using a continuous Markov process model, steady-state probability distributions for the systems are derived
The
theoryofofthe
constraints
(TOC)
recentlyTo
gained
much
success
in its application
to industrial
service
organizations.
T
measures
systems can
behas
evaluated.
compare
the
two systems,
an optimization
model and
for each
system
is proposed
principles
to the management
ofproposed
information
technology
(IT) in the
The
creates a
four
tiered model
foritth
for the optimization
models, the
models
are validated,
theorganization.
differences of
thepaper
two systems
are
investigated,
and
i
IT,
starting
with
TOCthe
's throughput-driven
business
policy on with the seven step resource management methodology throug
than
CONWIP
under
proposed performance
measures.
investment technique and concluding with the drum-buffer-rope production activity procedure. We draw a framework and a m
can be more effective using the TOC way of management. In order to systematically explore the location of the organization
The
of constraints
(TOC) is a management
that
maximizesanalysis,
profits inthe
a manufacturing
plant
withConsulting
a demons
TOC theory
a synthesis
of three established
managementphilosophy
frameworks:
stakeholder
value chain and
Boston
product
model. mix decision is one application of TOC that involves determination of the quantity and the identification of each prod
original TOC heuristic is considered to produce unrealizable solution when a manufacturing plant has multiple resource const
tabu search-based TOC product mix heuristic to identify optimal or near optimal product mix for small problem instances und
original TOC heuristic failed. The tabu search-based TOC product mix heuristic is further used to solve large problem instanc
The
theory of constraints
(TOC)
is a production
planning
andtocontrol
system
reportedshow
to improve
manufacturing
performance
manufacturing
scenario. The
experimental
results
for small
medium
size problem
that the
tabu search-based
TOC he
requirement
and just-in-time
systems.
One for
requirement
of TOC
is the assumption
of aestablished
cost-accounting
system
that
with those ofplanning
optimal methods.
Large size
problems
which optimal
methods
have not been
in terms
of feasib
traditional
cost accounting.
Thistimes
studywith
examines
the conflict
between
andapproach
TOC accounting,
presen
were also solved
in reasonable
good quality
solutions,
thustraditional
confirmingcost
thataccounting
the proposed
is appropriate
TOC
method
operates
at mix
The problem
Trane Company
(Macon, GA) and
how the cost accounting aspect of TOC was used to evaluate
planners
for the
product
in the manufacturing
industry.
line proposed by marketing.
The Theory of Constraints (TOC) was first applied to production scheduling. For many people this application is the only one
past several years TOC has been applied to other areas such as performance measures, supply chains, marketing, sales and
paper I review how TOC has been applied to these areas.

Theory of constraints (TOC) views a company as a set of interdependent processes working in harmony to achieve the profit
whole, and thus it emphasizes total performance over localized measures to guide operational decisions. This paper demons
employing TOC -based global performance measures to make operational-decisions (e.g. product mix, continuous improvem
production planning and scheduling) to strengthen the internal supply chain in a relatively complex manufacturing environm
ARENA-based simulation model is presented and a number of scenarios are discussed that provide insights regarding the cha
Theory
Constraints
philosophy
operates
under the assumption
that the goal steps
of a for-profit
business
is to 'Make money
now
such asof
goals
and necessary
conditions,
performance
measures, five-focusing
for continuous
improvement,
and drumConsequently,
it is managers
a manager's
job continuously
search for
ways to approaches
increase their
throughput.
Increasingand
thewa
insights will assist
in making
importanttodecisions
regarding
to operation's
successful TOC
implementations,
operation
accepts
is one
way a opportunities.
manager can do this. Free goods are items that do not use the capacity of the operation's pri
broad range
of future
research
this, it is possible to increase their output. However, increasing the number of free goods processed decreases the amount o
the operation. Protective capacity plays a key role in the ability of an operation to deliver orders on time. Increasing the amo
There
is anprocesses
increasing
of the
critical
role played
by an organization's
performance
system
in achiev
operation
is recognition
an action that
could
jeopardize
the system's
future throughput
becausemeasurement
it will impact on
the operation
success
of an organization
wellthe
depend
upon
the compatibility
between
performance
measurement
system
in opera
time. In order
for managersmay
to fulfil
goal of
making
money now and
in thethe
future,
they must
maximize total
throughput
w
organizational
levelssome
and the
organization's
global
An increasing
amountmanage
of research
operations
management
addre
This paper provides
initial
insights about
howgoals.
managers
can intelligently
freeingoods
to balance
these competi
between the operation's performance measurement system and its apparent incompatibility with global organizational goals
measurement system associated with the theory of constraints (TOC) has been advocated by some researchers as a mechan
This
articleto
systematically
organises
and reviews However,
peer-reviewed
journals
up to is
July
2011 to determine
access progress
in the
objectives
the global goals
of an organization.
empirical
research
lacking
and test
thescheduling
relevance
operations.
The
simplepresented
(infinite capacity,
part
commonality,
andapplication
deterministic
single product
remanufacturin
measurement
system
in TOC . no
This
study
examines the
of aparameters),
TOC -based performance
measurement
sy
solved
using reverse
material
requirements
planning.
Materialare
requirements
planning
andfuture
performance-based
objectives of t
environment
and reports
on the
results. A set
of propositions
also provided
to further
research.
cost-based integer programming models that can achieve solutions to size-restricted problems. Product deterioration is iden
complexity and methodologies are discussed that address this important issue. The synthesis of the literature reveals the im
This
paper addresses
finite-capacity
planning
(oradvantages
medium-term
scheduling)
issues in release
a flexible
flow line such
a semicondu
in addressing
remanufacturing
uncertainty,
the
of simpler
disassembly
mechanisms
andasdue
date sche
crystal
display
(LCD) Fab,
printed
circuit
board
(PCB) Fab.
such a Kanban
flexible over
flow line,
medium-term
astrend
rele
improved
performance
of or
Kanban
over
push
scheduling
andInflexible
traditional
Kanban.schedules
The most such
recent
schedules
are critical
to achieving
themethodologies
goal of full-capacity
andaddress
on-timelarger
production.
However,
existing
finite-capacity
planning
testing of several
promising
heuristic
that can
and more
complex,
scheduling
situations.
Furth
reflect
capacity
profiles of the
Fab. This
paperpart
presents
capacity-filtering
algorithms
for generating
a finite-capacit
addressthe
theactual
formidable
combinations
of finite
capacity,
commonality
and stochastic
parameters
and, as Kim,
Lee, and X
infinite-capacity
at a processing
in anecessity
Fab. In addition,
two types
of finite-capacity
planning
problems
are
need to address loadingprofile
backlogging, multiple
periods,stage
and the
to integrate
disassembly
process planning
with
disassembl
This
paper aimsintosolving
describe
andproblems
analyse the
main characteristics
articlesusing
on reverse
logistics
in that
the production
the algorithms
these
presented.
Performance of
analyses
a real-life
case published
study show
the proposea
field,
in order
to determine
the evolution
this current
research
over
recent
andblock
improve
our understanding
of this
iss
existing
methods.
It is postulated
that theofresults
presented
can be
used
as ayears
building
for obtaining
medium-term
sche
with the articles on reverse logistics published in the most relevant journals within the period 19952005, and we have explo
methodology and the techniques of analysis, as well as other relevant aspects of the research. We have evaluated the first d
logistics, observing what has been done and how, where and by whom it has been carried out. The result is an extensive rev
This
papercreated
analyses
thedeveloped
various facets
of the 'complete
kit' concept
in manufacturing,
research
and development,
engineerin
that have
and
the reverse
logistics concept,
outlining
some directions
of research
for the near future
and
It
looks
at how
starting
a job on
with
antopic.
incomplete kit means more labour time to finish the job, longer lead time, more work in
those
who
begin
to research
this
thorughput, poor quality and impairment of due date performance.

This paper builds on the original five focusing steps as defined by Goldratt and Cox (1992) as one of the constructs of the the
shortcomings identified are the sequential nature suggested by the five seemingly sequential steps, the lack of clarity relatin
moving to next or previous steps, the assumed inapplicability of the five steps to dealing with market- and non-physical cons
behavioural constraints) and the lack of clarity surrounding an ideal constraint location. Deductive reasoning is applied to ex
conceptual solutions to the identified problems. The paper transforms the five focusing steps into a decision map which still
This
paper
considers decision
the job scheduling
problem
in whichof
jobs
grouped
into job families,
but theyofare
individua
allowing
appropriate
points to guide
application
thisare
process.
It expands
the applicability
theprocessed
five focusing
step
the
sequence
of the jobs
assigned
to each a
machine.
This type why
of job
shop
can be found
in various
physical
constraints,
as well
as presenting
logical argument
the
bestscheduling
possible constraint
location
is theproduction
size of the syst
ma
remanufacturing
systems
with
disassembly,
reprocessing
reassemblytoshops.
In other words,
the reprocessing
shop can
b
well. Finally, further
clarity
is provided
why exploiting
andand
subordinating
the constraint
is necessary
before constraint
elev
with job families since it performs the operations required to bring parts or sub-assemblies disassembled back to like-new co
them. To minimise the deviations of the job completion times within each job family, we consider the objective of minimising
This
deals flow
with time
improving
the
lead-time
performance
a small packaging
manufacturer
Netherlands
that had
Here,paper
the family
implies
the
maximum
among the of
completion
times of the
jobs withinin
a the
job family.
To describe
thea
facets
Theory of Constraints
(TOC) in 1997.
Since due
then,
reliability
profits have
and lead-times
reduc
integerofprogramming
model is suggested
and then,
todelivery
the complexity
of and
the problem,
twoincreased
types of heuristics
are sugges
attempt
to achieve
further
lead-time improvements
in 2001,
the firm recently
encountered
some limitations
of its partial
based heuristics
and
(b) meta-heuristics.
Computational
experiments
were performed
on a number
of test instances
and TOC
the
paper
focus
on heuristics
the modifications
of its
order
andAlso,
buffer
system
that the
were
necessary
in order
to
prioritywe
rule
based
are better
than
the acceptance
existing ones.
themanagement
meta-heuristics
improve
priority
rule based
heur
reduction. We describe how Workload Control principles were introduced to improve the buffering approach and planning pro
This
a newthat
pull-based
production
system called
CONWIP.
Practical
advantages
of CONWIP with
over the
push
and oth
usingpaper
sincedescribes
1997. It shows
Workload
Control provides
effective
tools that
can be
used in combination
Drum-Buff
Theoretical
arguments
in favour
ofproduction
the systemfloor.
are outlined and simulation studies are included to give insight into the system
to balance the
flow of work
to the

This paper develops new bottleneck-based heuristics with machine selection rules to solve the flexible flow line problem with
in each stage and a bottleneck stage in the flow line. The objective is to minimize the number of tardy jobs in the problem. T
steps: (1) identifying the bottleneck stage (2) scheduling jobs at the bottleneck stage and the upstream stages ahead of the
dispatching rules to schedule jobs at the downstream stages behind the bottleneck stage. A new approach is developed to fi
jobs at the bottleneck stage, and two decision rules are developed to schedule the jobs on the bottleneck stage. This new ap
This
paper
on a job-shop
scheduling
with
constraint
machines
constraint
scheduling
difficulty
offocuses
determining
feasible arrival
timesproblem
of jobs at
themultiple
bottleneck
stage. In
order to(JSPMC).
evaluateAthe
performance
of the me
pro
proposed.
It dividesrules
the machines
in thefor
shop
into constraint
and Six
non-constraint
machines
based
onproduction
a new identification
known dispatching
are examined
comparison
purposes.
factors are used
to design
729
scenarios,met
an
reduced
problem
only
for constraint
machines
whileshow
replacing
of non-constraint
machines
with time
lags.
The
generated
for each
scenario.
Computational
results
that the operations
proposed heuristics
significantly
outperform
all the
well-kn
scheduled
by solving
the reduced
problem with
efficient
heuristic,insights
while the
non-constraint
are schedu
analysis of explicitly
the experimental
factors
is also performed
andan
several
interesting
into
the heuristicsmachines
are discovered.
due date (EODD) dispatching rule. Extensive computational results indicate that the proposed constraint scheduling algorith
off between solution quality and computation time compared with various versions of the shifting bottleneck (SB) methods fo

This paper presents a systematic approach to managing by the market constraint in the Hi-Tech industry. In line with the The
methodology, it is argued that in a market-constrained environment, the marketing and sales department together with the
department are Permanent Bottlenecks and need to be managed as such. The paper modifies the Theory of Constraint's five
accommodate the market constraint. It describes the Strategic Gating and Tactical Gating that enable the firm to increase sh
that even though the company has to seek pro. table orders in the competitive market, management can control the situatio
This
paper presents
a also
systematic
approach
toreduce
managing
the
constraint
in the
hi-techthe
industry.
Thelead-time
Theory ofprotective
Constra
presented.
The paper
suggests
a way to
costs
in market
non-critical
areas and
stresses
need for
argues that in a market-constraint environment, the marketing and sales department as well as the research development d
Bottlenecks and need to be managed as such. The paper modifies the TOC 's five focusing steps to accommodate the marke
describes Strategic and Tactical Gating that enables the firm to increase shareholders' value. The paper emphasizes that eve
seek profitable orders in the competitive market, management can control the situation by the presented focusing methods.
This paper presents an Activity-Based Throughput Management (ABTM) framework that is based on the premise that attainin
through activity analysis must be the main focus of manufacturing businesses. The proposed framework integrates the basic
management philosophies of Activity-Based Management and the Theory of Constraints into a cohesive model. The paper ex
conventions related to building a visual- (i.e. a process map) and spreadsheet-based ABTM model and thereby provides an o
framework for manufacturing managers in the modern manufacturing environment. The usefulness of the framework and its
This
paper propositioned
and atested
whether
a heuristic
based improvement
on Theory of Constraints
logicfocused
could improve
system financia
demonstrated
by developing
number
of product
and process
scenarios, e.g.
quality improvement,
cy
traditional
supply
chain methods
in a multi-product,
multi-echelon
physical distribution environment exhibiting seasonality a
technological
investment
justification,
and optimal product
mix.
of the literature was conducted about current distribution management and Theory of Constraints techniques. Next, field res
major US manufacturer in order to capture the structure of its multi-product, multi-echelon physical distribution system. The
development of a baseline computer simulation of a fully distributed inventory system with orders planned by Distribution Re
This
paper
seeks
to for
advance
the current
understanding
of constraint
schedulingmodels,
in several
First, it
describes
the need o
served
as the
basis
development
of comparative
multi-echelon
distribution
oneways.
employing
partial
centralization
DBR
systems.
It then formally
presents
the production
scheduling
problem DBR
attempts
to solve and relates
that formulatio
planned
by Distribution
Resource
Planning,
the other two
models employing
a Theory
of Constraints-based
heuristic
for buffe
evaluates
the quality
of solutions
the solution
algorithm incorporated
by more
the Goldratt
Institute
(and now
mainta
replenishment.
Simulation
results produced
show the by
Theory
of Constraints-based
systems are
effective
on a financial
basis
whe
Goal
Systems
in their
production and
software
on a set of
benchmark
constraints.
results
carrying
costs,Group)
retail-level
transhipment
obsolescence
expenses
thanproblems
either theinvolving
existing multiple
distributed
inventoryThe
system
or
results
beorders
obtained
long on
as Distribution
the constraints
are scheduled
the best sequence.
system can
when
areas
based
Resource
Planningin
logic.
This paper traces significant developments in technology, quality, measurement, and relationships that have led to the study
The paper introduces five principles of supply chain networks-velocity, variability, vocalize, visualize, and value-that have mo
architecture from an art to a science. Finally, the paper uses each principle to point to an important, emerging trend in suppl

This research presents a case study of a virtual 'textbook' application of the theory of constraints (TOC) in a Japanese tool m
Hitachi Tool Engineering uses state-of-the-art technology to design and manufacture cutting tools known as End-mills. The pl
a classic V-plant and exhibited all of the standard problems of a traditionally managed V-plant, existing within the unique fra
culture. Plant management applied the five focusing steps and used the operations strategy tools, including drum-buffer-rop
improve the system. Following the approach recommended by Eli Goldratt, the thinking process tools of current reality tree a
This
uses simulation
technique
to when
compare
output performance
of pullmajor
production
systems
with
inter-s
usedresearch
to help identify
and resolve
problems
the the
implementation
encountered
obstacles.
While
thedifferent
implementatio
(ISSC)
undereffect
various
total inventory
(INV)
in the system,
station coefficient
of variation (CV),
and station
down-time
devastating
of levels
a coreof
problem
being left
unresolved
is well documented.
The implementation
generated
significant
im
findings
from this study.
First, it
shows
pull
systems
with larger
ISSC yield
a significantly
output
at all quality,
levels ofsales
INV in
process inventory,
production
lead
time,
on-time
delivery,
productive
capacity,
inventoryhigher
turnover,
product
volt
station
DT.management
Second, it shows
lines using
a strict Kanban-based
pull
system can increase
outputand
while
decreasing
WIPthe
inv
Moreover,
has that
extended
the introduction
of TOC to the
non-manufacturing
functions
TOC
is becoming
inventory
to four
flow culturally
freely between
stations.
These are
major findings considering that the modifications necessary in the syste
that bridges
diverse
manufacturing
plants.
This
studyuncomplicated
highlights a different
systematic
to the application of Theory of Constraints (TOC). The work describes th
are fairly
and should
require approach
minimal investment.
implementation of TOC in a job-shop environment as a bi-level multi-objective mathematical model. On the first level, the de
idle time on the bottleneck to generate the initial schedule. The second level decision is to improve additional performance m
the multi-objective technique, while maintaining the bottleneck sequence obtained from the first level decision. Moreover, th
also adopted in this model to reduce the waiting time on each machine by allowing overlapped operations. The concept of tr
This
study on
proposed
enhanced
drum-buffer-rope
(SDBR)
model
to bemathematical
applied in a reentrant
flow shop (RFS)
in w
constraint
earliestan
starting
timesimplified
for each job
on each machine
in the
proposed
model. Additionally,
the mac
generated
from
a discrete
and machine
breakdowns
subjectThe
to an
exponential
distribution.
this en
demands are
also
adopteduniform
to makedistribution
the model practical
to use
in the real are
situation.
numerical
examples
for bothInsingle
a
due-date
method,
release rule
andThe
dispatching
rule were
improved.
The due
dates and
release dates
of ord
are given assignment
to demonstrate
how order
this approach
works.
commercially
available
optimiser,
the LINGO
10 software
package,
is
considering
theshows
total planned
of theworks
capacity-constrained
resource
in a random RFS. The deviation rate of buffer s
and the result
how this load
approach
in practice. 2010
Taylor(CCR)
& Francis.
dispatching rule to eliminate the influence of machine breakdowns. Simulations based on a real case company are used to e
This
studymodel.
proposed
enhanced simplified
drum-buffer-rope
(SDBR) yields
modelbetter
to be applied
in a reentrant
shop
(RFS) in
in te
w
proposed
Thean
experimental
results showed
that our approach
performance
than the flow
other
methods
generated
from
a discrete
uniform
distribution
and machine
breakdowns are
subject
an exponential
distribution.
In this enf
indexes when
the
product mix
is with
a large proportion
of multi-reentrant
orders
andtowhen
the utilisation
of CCR increases
due-date assignment method, order release rule and dispatching rule were improved. The due dates and release dates of ord
considering the total planned load of the capacity-constrained resource (CCR) in a random RFS. The deviation rate of buffer s
dispatching rule to eliminate the influence of machine breakdowns. Simulations based on a real case company are used to e
This
work model.
addresses
important problem
in industry
locating
the bottleneck
in aperformance
production line
- and
a practica
proposed
Thean
experimental
results showed
that- our
approach
yields better
than
the suggests
other methods
in te
end.
We when
describe
validate,
event simulation,
a novel method
bottleneck
detection
in of
open,
indexes
the and
product
mix isusing
with discrete
a large proportion
of multi-reentrant
ordersofand
when the
utilisation
CCRasynchronou
increases f
finite
The technique uses a single measure - station interdeparture time variance - to locate the system bottleneck. T
Taylorbuffers.
& Francis.
compared to other bottleneck detection approaches and it is shown that the proposed method performs as well and sometim
methods. We conclude that the proposed approach has a number of significant advantages. It is easy to use and implement,
Two
kinds
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR) system,
whichsizes,
differetc.,
according
to theuses
place
which
orders
are directed,
are
proposed.
failure
andofrepair
times, raw process
times, buffer
but instead
a to
single
piece
of easily
obtained
real-time
pro
Kanban
control system
(KCS) and twotime.
kindsThe
of DBR
system
for a three-stage
systemwithout
with a bottleneck
work-in-process
(WIP) interdeparture
proposed
method
can identifyserial-production
production constraints
the need towere
bui
performances
of the KCS
andinthe
two kinds
DBR
are comparedinby
using Markov
analysis.
model, is well suited
for use
industry,
andofcan
besystems
readily implemented
standard
simulation
tools.The average number of
inventories, the average number of stocked products, the average number of rejected demands, and total cost are considere
Numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the influence of the processing rate and cost parameter on the perform
show the advantages of each system over the others.

We use a system dynamics simulation model based on the Factory Physics perspective to study the cumulative effect of cont
arrival variability, process variability, defect rate, time to failure, repair time and set-up time on operating curves in a flow-sh
small, simultaneous improvements at multiple locations in the line can provide reductions in cycle time comparable to, or so
obtained by a major improvement at a single location. The reduction of process variability is often an excellent alternative to
parameter, because process variability at a given station affects not only that station, but all downstream stations due to its
Whether
job due
are set internally
externally,
it is critical
for theagain
shop by
floor
controller
be able to
Improvements
at dates
non-bottleneck
stationsor
also
have significant
benefits,
reducing
the to
variability
of accurately
flow to the predic
bottle
research
shown
that utilizing of
information
on the
congestion
levels
along a job's
routeexplain
is morethe
valuable
thanresults
overallofshop
suggest ahas
broader
interpretation
some aspects
of the
Theory of
Constraints,
and help
successful
the
predicting job lead times. While this information is easily attained in a simulation model, in industrial applications the task m
difficult, especially when lot splitting is used to accelerate material flow. We examine the effectiveness of three lead time est
utilize different shop information in bottleneck-constrained production systems where lot splitting is practiced under a variet
While
the effect
of protective
inventory
on the
performance
ofobtained
simple lines
has
received considerable
attention,
same ca
The results
indicate
that accurate
lead time
estimates
can be
using
information
pertaining solely
to thethe
bottleneck
lines.
This paper
attempts
to meet
that
deficiency.
This paper
examinesatwo
differentease
but related
issues. First,over
the previously
theory of c
bottleneck
is at an
entry work
centre.
This
offers operations
managers
substantial
in implementation
cloud
is employed
to show the
traditional
dilemmain
ofaccurately
increasingestimating
work-in-process
(WIP)
to fully
utilise
resources
versu
resultsmethod
also show
that the operations
managers
interested
job lead
times
are well
advised
to take
ad
to
reduceatcycle
time. The assumptions
of three different
philosophies
(traditional,
JIT/lean,
and
capacity
non-bottleneck
work centresand
by implications
performing additional
setups, management
and take measures
that reduce
bottleneck
shiftines
addressing this dilemma with respect to the use of both protective inventory and protective capacity. Second, given an unba
While
the effectsimulation
of protective
inventory
on the
of of
simple
has received
considerable
attention,
fixed capacity,
is used
to explore
theperformance
effectiveness
usinglines
protective
inventory
by changing
the levelthe
of same
WIP oncat
lines.
This paper
attempts to
meet
that deficiency.
examines
two different
butbreakdowns
related issues.
First, the
theoryAt
ofac
cycle time
and throughput.
Two
sources
of variationThis
arepaper
simulated:
processing
time and
(machine
failures).
cloud
method
is employed
to show
the at
traditional
dilemmachanged
of increasing
work-in-process
(WIP) to
fully utilise
versu
that the
amount
of protective
capacity
non-bottlenecks
with increases
in variability.
Therefore
theresources
level of WIP
inv
to
reduce cycle
time.
Theofassumptions
and implications
three different
management
JIT/lean,
inventory)
and the
level
protective capacity
needed toofprotect
against variability
playphilosophies
a critical role(traditional,
in determining
cycleand
ti
addressing
dilemma
respect to the
usecomments
of both protective
inventory
and protective
capacity.
Second,
an unba
entrant line.this
While
this is with
an exploratory
study,
on protective
inventory
and protective
capacity
are given
provided
base
While
the global
theory of is
constraints
(TOC)-based
measures of
inventory
and operating
expense
are of
well
known
fixed
capacity,
simulation
used
to Taylor
explore
effectiveness
of throughput,
using protective
inventory
by changing
the level
WIP
on t
management
philosophies.

2010
& the
Francis.
measures
throughput
dollar-days
and of
inventory
(TDDs/IDDs)
is sparse
andbreakdowns
inconclusive.(machine
This paper
shows At
how
cycle time of
and
throughput.
Two sources
variationdollar-days
are simulated:
processing
time and
failures).
a
measures
naturally
puts a non-TOC
company
on a continuous
improvement
path by
in Therefore
identification
theof
constrai
that the amount
of protective
capacity
at non-bottlenecks
changed
with increases
inassisting
variability.
the of
level
WIP inv
drum-buffer-rope
system. Thus,
by simulating
small company,
this noteplay
highlights
therole
relationship
between
TDD
inventory) and the(DBR)-like
level of protective
capacity
needed toaprotect
against variability
a critical
in determining
cycle
ti
system,
which
further
TOC principles.
Ultimately,on
weprotective
provide future
research
avenues into
the role
measures
entrant line.
While
thispromotes
is an exploratory
study, comments
inventory
and protective
capacity
arethese
provided
base
Workload
control
(WLC)
has been
as a production
planning
and control
job shop
manufacturing.
By b
of
a holistic
incentive
system
and developed
the implementation
of a DBR-like
system
across approach
the supplyfor
chain
network.
2012 Taylor
&
management
philosophies.
centres, WLC anticipates the fact that multiple work centres may become potential bottlenecks in the short term. This appro
shop models that assume equal utilisation levels for all work centres, which will create maximum bottleneck shiftiness. Howe
shows differences in utilisation levels, which means that some work centres can be seen as non-bottlenecks, having protecti
investigates the effect of different levels of protective capacity on the performance of state-of-the-art WLC release methods.
the level of protective capacity interacts with the influence of workload norms at work centres. Despite the fact that WLC has
balanced utilisations, results indicate that WLC could also be effective in unbalanced situations. However, norm setting requi
Disregarding the norms of non-bottleneck work centres, a common sense approach, might strongly deteriorate performance
capacity is not sufficiently high. Contrarily, tighter norms for non-bottleneck work centres are shown to perform better in this
Francis.
Several studies have shown that more than 70% of all medium to large size companies (sales exceeding $19 million) have so
improvement program in place. Based on independent studies by Arthur D. Little, Ernst & Young, and others, researchers hav
one-fifth of all QI programs achieve tangible results. One explanation for the disappointing results is that many quality impro
results-oriented. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of using the theory of constraints for achieving a resu
improvement program.
Since initial work done by Goldratt in the mid-1980s and as the concepts related to the theory of constraints (TOC) have bec
have concluded that the TOC approach offers nothing in addition to what can be accomplished through linear programming (
example, this paper compares TOC to LP and clarifies the differences surrounding the TOC philosophy and the LP technique

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and understand the differences that exist between educational institut
practices employed in the development and implementation of Lean projects. Whilst many Higher Education Institutions (HE
journey towards effectively implementing Lean, Further Education Institutions (FEIs) have treaded this well worn path many y
aim of this paper is to find what key features and issues FEIs have put in place to assist them in implementing Lean projects
from such institutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies two research methods in an attempt to understa
The
case study and
examines
implementation
an integrated
Based
Costing
(ABC) and
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)a
the institutions
hencethe
understand
the key of
features
that canActivity
be used
to better
implement
Lean
initiatives.
First, through
decision-making
a Lean company.
Findings
reveal significantly
with regard
the optimumdynamics
product-mix
an
authors employ ainlow-level
form of Group
Consensus
Theory in andifferent
attemptresults
to understand
the to
organisational
surrou
between
theto
current
conventional
decisionteams
used by
the company
and thesuch
newinitiatives
integrated
approach.
This is used
understand
whetherproduct-mix
Lean improvement
within
FEIs implement
with
the autonomy and
management. Second, the same group members, detailed interviews were held in order to identify further and more specific
and techniques employed in the implementation of Lean initiatives in both HEI and FEIs. Findings The study found that a
Abstract available
in "The development
World of the Theory
of Constraints"
experience
in the design,
and implementation
of Lean initiatives, the organisational infrastructure and dynamic
FEIs was less well embedded in to the culture of the respective institutions than first thought and, that Lean had been develo
consultancy-based approach and around a tool-driven mentality. It was seen that whilst HEIs were generally slower in getting
to be more enthusiasm and willingness to drive such initiatives forward and in a more systematic and holistic manner even t
were in their very early stages of implementation. Research limitations/implications Whilst this work provides key inform
The
container loading
problem,
a real
hard problem,
is usually
difficult
to obtain
suboptimal
becausefocused
of not o
are implemented
across
different
institution
types, the
work has
only looked
at aeven
very asmall
samplesolution
of two teaching
restrictions
also of multiple
objectives.
paper, a heuristic
algorithm
proposed
for solving
the two-row
pattern
of
will need to but
be extended
much more
widelyIntothis
incorporate
a larger set
of HEIs is
(both
research
and teaching
focused)
in order
problem
in
real-world.
The
algorithm
is
based
on
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR)
presented
in
the
Theory
of
Constraints
(TOC)
and
t
map of Lean development in HEIs. Practical implications The aim of the paper is to provide Lean project leaders in HEIs w
negotiation
model.
particular
attention
is focused
on improving
constrainedinstitutions
agent by striving
for the
trade-off
insights towards
theAcultural
and
organisation
dynamics
that existthe
in educational
other than
HEIs
in orderoftorestric
assis
negotiations,
so that the final
can arrive
its biggest profit.
Copyright
Inderscience
Publishers.
and more comprehensive
Leansolution
programmes.
Originality/value
This
paper
is 2007,
the first
of its kind to
study the organisationa
exist between differing educational institutions in their approaches towards the implementation of Lean and business improv
features highlighted in this work raise important issues regarding the need and importance of developing team dynamics aro

Having made considerable progress in quality improvement (QI) programs Japan has now moved into other phases of compe
changes and lower prices. The USA, however, is faltering with QI programs. Several studies reveal that only about 20% of th
in the USA achieve significant results in terms of quality, or financial improvements. One reason proposed for this disappoint
are not implemented correctly. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the use of the Theory of Constraints can ass
implementing Q1 programs that yield results.
Even though having gained further insight into dispatching problems involving wafer fabrication, previous research cannot o
performances (Throughput, Cycle Time and Work-InProcess) simultaneously. To overcome the conflicts among these three pe
present a dispatching decision method for the wafer fabrication factory based on Theory of Constraints (TOC), which uses diff
bottleneck and the non-bottleneck machines. The proposed method consists of four categories of dispatching rules: (1) defau
WIP level in the bottleneck machine, (3) high WIP level in the non-bottleneck machines, and (4) batch machine. Also, a simul
Aiming
at the deficiency
of magnitude
of business
and
high complexity,
constraints
method
is the
propo
data is established
to examine
the performance
of constraints
the proposed
method.
Simulationaresults
in thisdetection
study indicate
that
pr
discussion
onmaximize
AspectOriented
programming
(AOP),
including
its concept,
development,
and advantage
in handling
significantly
the system
throughput,
but also
minimize
the cyclethought,
time and
the work-in-process
(WIP) inventory.
followed by description of the theory of constraints. Furthermore, combined AOP with first-order logic language, a schema on
constraints in requirement analysis is presented, which is simple and practicable, thus making optimal designs for improving
application of the method on management system of hotel is given, with satisfactory results.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

This paper presents a building of hybrid MRP/TOC system in make-to-order shop floor control in manufacturing complex prod
in Marine Diesel Engines Factory, HCP S. A. Poznan conditions. HCP S. A. Poznan is the biggest producer of high-power marin
article presents general idea of hybrid MRP/TOC system and practical aspects of his creation and implementation.

In the late 1970s, a new approach to the management of operations was developed by Goldratt. Now known as the theory o
provides a coherent management theory for running an organisation. It has two major components: A philosophy which unde
on-going improvement and a generic approach for investigating, analyzing, and creating solutions to problems, called the "th
books, numerous articles, and a few journal special issues have been published on TOC . This chapter provides a comprehen
philosophy, and working principles. 2012, IGI Global.
Management of patient records in a hospital is of major importance, for its impact both on the quality of care and on the ass
process is circular, the prevention of the building up of bottlenecks is especially important. Thus, the objective of this paper w
Theory of Constraints (TOC) can be useful to the logistics of medical records in hospitals. The paper is based on a case study
2011 period in the Medical Records Logistics Service at the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena in Seville (Spain). From Ap
the clinical record logistics system were implemented based on the application of TOC principles. The results obtained show
In
todays
economic
climate, many
organizations
with declining
andnumber
increasing
costs. Some
choose to hunker
level
of service
and employee
productivity,
as wellstruggle
as a reduction
of cost sales
and the
of patients
complaints.
hoping for better results in the future. However, layoffs and workforce reductions jeopardize future competitiveness. Howeve
implemented the Theory of Constraints (TOC) continue to thrive and grow in difficult times, continuing to achieve real bottom
improving productivity or increased revenues. In this paper, the organization dealing with the furniture manufacturing has be
constraints for the maximum throughput are identified by applying a thinking process tool called as Theory of Constraints
No Abstract
(DBR)
has been applied for capacity planning and the time for each identified processes is calculated and workload for each
Then the capacity constraint machine is identified. The proper solution has been provided to overcome the constraint

Finding optimum product-mix for production systems is an important decision. Several researchers have developed algorithm
mix under the Theory of Constraints (TOC). Literature reveals failure of the traditional TOC heuristic in determining product
constrained resources exist. In this paper, a Mixed Integer Linear Goal Programming (MILGP) model is proposed to deal with
multiple constrained resources exist. The proposed MILGP model emphasizes utilization of all bottlenecks as the primary go
throughput as the secondary goal. The proposed model is experimented on problems cited in literature and the randomly g
To
maximize
the are
utilization
of bottleneck
workstation
optimum
results
reported
by the proposed
modeland achieve a high throughput with a reasonable cycle time, an improv
swarm optimization algorithm (IMOPSO) was proposed with an objective function to minimize the total flow time and the wei
earliness and tardiness. The performance of the bottleneck workstation was analyzed. A multi-objective optimization model w
mapping requirements of rapid productions as total flow time and just in time delivery as weighed average time of earliness
bottleneck workstation. An IMOPSO algorithm was established for the scheduling of bottleneck workstation by improving an
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR)
and
simulation
were usedBased
to simulate
the production
process in a rat
ca
and position with ascheduling
crossover method
operation
to the
particle
fallingtool
intoARENA
local optimum.
on stability,
quality, convergence
appliance's
remanufacturing
Thetosimulation
model
of DBRalgorithm
was established
andconditions
the dynamic
checkingjob
forscales.
the reman
simulation experiments
were system.
performed
evaluate the
proposed
under the
of different
The
was
implemented.
explained
in detail
how to make
use of theperformance
DBR model founded
to identify
and eliminate the resour
proposed
algorithmItiswas
valid
and feasible
to improve
the scheduling
of bottleneck
workstation.
improved the recourse utilization rate and benefits of remanufacturing system. Outcomes from experimental simulations sho
enables to come true identifying and eliminating recourse constraints and their influences By offering the optimal value of B
The
uncertainty
of routing
and processing
the machine
failure rate
maintenance
rate
3 major stochastic
fa
phenomenon
of queue
delaying
in the unittime,
of constraint
is eliminated
andand
thethe
supply
uncertainty
of are
remanufacturing
system
the
remanufacturing
Considering
of these
stochastic
factors, a time buffer model was built for the reman
objective
functions assystem.
Recourse
Utilizationthe
rateeffects
and Net
Profit are
also optimized.
drum-buffer-rope (DBR) technique. Taking the end-of-life automobile engine as an example, combining the modelling and com
complete remanufacturing time buffer control mechanism was established based on DBR to solve the uncertainties existed i
system. The simulation results show that the developed time buffer control mechanism improves the resource utilization of t
cuts the average work in process (WIP) upstream the bottleneck and the total WIP, enhances the output rate of the system.

This paper proceeds with the existed limitations analyzing as while DBR was used to solve the uncertainties in remanufactur
end-of-life engine remanufacturing system as an example. On the basis of qualitative analysis in the aspects as definition, ca
applicable conditions between inventory-buffer and time-buffer control mechanism, their implementation effects were compa
simulation experiments. Simulating experiments show that two kinds of buffer control mechanism are of high goal consisten
Resource Utilization of bottleneck (RU) and System Productivity (SP) increased, average Work In Process (WIP) in front of bot
Firstly,
Theory
Of Constraints
productofmix
optimization
considering
form
constrained
was modeled
processthe
(TW)
decreased.
From the(TOC)
perspective
DBR
principles and
its goals,outsourcing
the latter has
better
performance
than the to
form
throughput.
Furthermore,
a theorem
was proved,
which laid foundation
thecontrollability
construction of
of production
optimization
algorithm. Secon
aspects as buffer
effect, objective
realization
for management
of systemfor
and
planning.
algorithm based on Immune Algorithm (IA) and TOC (IA_TOC_II) was introduced to search for optimal solution(s) when the TO
Moreover, based on some transformation rules, IA_TOC_II was generalized to solve all kinds of manufacturing form constrain
proposed approach was implemented and employed to the mall-scale and large-scale multiple constraint product mix optimi
The
problem
of Supplyin
Chain
(SC) bottleneck
badly results
influences
the that
whole
value
of theapproach
SC system.
Bottleneck dilatation
metho
published
approaches
literatures,
the simulation
proved
the
IA-TOC_II
outperformed
other approache
only
control
SCmore
bottleneck
when for
it has
come into
being. Therefore
these
twomultiform
methods cannot
solve theconsidering
problem radically.
As
approach
was
appropriate
adoption
by production
planners
for the
hybrid decision
manufactu
from the traditional structure of SC, Supply and Demand Network with multi-functional and opening characteristics for enterp
which can reduce the rate of SC bottleneck question emergence from its origin.

Aiming at the Hybrid Flow Shop(HFS)problems with batch processing machines and identical equipment,a scheduling method
Rope(DBR)and Genetic Algorithm(GA)was proposed.The steps were established to identify the bottleneck workstation and re
was developed to generate the initial solutions.On this basis,the processing sequence of bottleneck workstation was optimiz
GA.The policy of job-release was determined with buffering mechanism,and priority rules were used to scheduling operation
workstations.Through examples and performance analysis,the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed scheduling method w
Characteristics of production logistics in a multi-specification and small-batch production environment was studied to realize
production. Then, the JIT logistics system was established. Based on analyzing and comparing among Looking Board (Kanban
and Constant Work In Process (CONWIP), an improved comprehensive control method on workshop logistics was proposed, w
advantages of the foresaid three strategies to overcome shortcomings. Based on the novel control method, the production m
multi-specification and small-batch production environment was established. Finally, application was carried out to validate t
Owing to the 100% utilization of bottleneck machine, job shop scheduling solution could not bear any disturbance which mig
system.
practice. To improve the situation, two innovative concepts named Bottleneck Capacity Release Ratio (BCRR) and Bottleneck
(BCRI) were proposed, and the influence of bottleneck utilization on job shop scheduling under disturbance was studied. First
identification, series of BCRR were determined by rank. Secondly, bottleneck capacity was used orderly according to the seri
Algorithm (GA) and plant-simulation platform, initial optimal scheduling solutions were obtained under different BCRR condit
Referring
to Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR) theory,
a novel scheduling
with the
core of bottleneck
equipment
control
was
environment
was modified to simulate
real production
process instrategy
which random
disturbances
including
equipment
failure,
bud
complex
manufacturing
system
flows.
For bottleneck
identification,
the of
concept
of layered
bottleneck
w
route change
and demand
time with
shift multi-reentrant
were added. The
obtained
optimal scheduling
solution
each BCRR
was inputted
to sim
calculation
methods
of system
bottleneck
and influence
sub-layer of
bottlenecks
discussed.
Based
layered bottleneck
thoughtwa
BCRR's optimal
solution
was obtained.
Finally,
bottleneckwere
utilization
on job
shopon
scheduling
under disturbance
en
Scheduling
(DLS)
algorithm
and its
implementation
manufacturing
were further
explo
and analyzed.
Simulation
results
demonstrated
thatprocedures
robustness for
andmulti-reentrant
execution performance
of job systems
shop scheduling
at 100%
B
semiconductor
production
line was was
usednot
as exploited
an example
to demonstrate
effectiveness
the proposed
non 100% BCRR.
When bottleneck
fully,
there existed the
optimal
BCRR andofBCRI.
However,methods.
if BCRR was outsi
The
issue
ofexisted
management
control
of manufacturing
cells based
on Theory
Constraints
(TOC)
was on
surveyed
and review
BCRI,
there
more orand
less
protective
capacity of bottleneck
resulting
in aofcertain
negative
impact
the scheduling.
and international research status of TOC , such as bottleneck identification, drum schedule, time buffer, transfer batch, rope
management, were expatiated. Then, some problems of the existing studies, such as shifting bottleneck control, multi-bottle
buffer management, push/pull production control, were concluded from the research status nowadays. Finally, taking the res
development of production management and control of manufacturing cells in China into consideration, four areas should be
The
traditional
theory has
three
shortcomings
in practice.
Firstly,
the of
buffer
is defined
by exper
studies,
such asDrum-Buffer-Rope
establishment of (DBR)
measurement
index
system,
quantitative
research
strategy
TOC size
, system
integration
me
production
planning
and control
with actual some
production
whenever
is change in production.
Secondly, DBR mainly focus
implementation
technologies.
Furthermore,
key problems
inthere
above-mentioned
areas were discussed.
bottlenecks and customer orders, and simple dispatching rules such as FIFO rule or EDD rule can't tally with production plan
existing in performance indexes for DBR. To solve these problems, the integrated production planning and control system ba
proposed. To dynamically adapt to manufacturing environment, buffer size was regulated in time by simulation. Meanwhile, a
method was also presented to satisfy multi-performance indexes according to non-bottlenecks and bottlenecks. The results o
illustrated the validity of this integrated system.

No abstract

The aim of this article is to develop and demonstrate a theory of constraints (TOC) model that utilizes Hurwicz criterion in es
weightage associated to each product in the constrained resources. The decision model compares four alternatives . . .

In this article, three management philosophies - traditional management (TM), total quality management (TQM), and theory
examined and their salient characteristics/dimensions are identified from an extensive literature review. The central research
TM, TQM, and CM really perceived as being distinct from each other? A second question of interest is, Do educators and prac
perceptions, and if so, along which dimensions? The authors then offer explanations for the major differences found this may
these philosophies and retain those emphases that they believe will contribute to their responsiveness in meeting customers
competitive advantage. The respondents were most familiar with the TQM philosophy, even though TM is still the dominant p
members' current organization model.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

In response to the growing problems of climate change and global warming, airline companies, as members of the global vill
energy-saving and carbon reducing measures, and are strictly controlling and managing greenhouse gases generated in the
quality transportation services in an attempt to reduce environmental impacts. As environmental protection has become an
Responsibility (CSR), this study integrates Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and adopts a ma
model in an attempt to provide the airline industry with a method to lower fuel consumption by reducing the weight of seats
Emergency
services
continue toprotection,
evolve new
operational
and
facility
concepts
in response
to increasing
for care and
to contribute
to environmental
future
research
could
develop
a variety
of energy-saving
anddemand
carbon reducing
pro
safe,
patient
management.
article describes
newAdministration,
models for "intake"
of patients
for responding
peak demand
model.
Author
Affiliation: (a)This
Department
of Business
National
Centraland
University,
Jhongli,to
Taoyuan
32001, tha
Tai
traditional
service.
Application
of Six
Sigma
and "Lean"
analysis techniques
are demonstrating
improve
Accounting,emergency
Chinese Culture
University,
Taipei
11114,
Taiwan
(c) Department
of Accounting,
National Yunlindramatic
University
of Scie
and
in 64002,
the utilization
Yunlin
Taiwan of treatment spaces. This article provides an overview of the application of Lean concepts to emergency
Mary Washington Hospital and Banner Health Corporation illustrate the result of application of these tools. Implication for the
Abstract
available
in "The
World
of the Theory
of Constraints"
and
design
concepts
are also
discussed.
Copyright
2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

In a recent article appearing in this journal, Foster, Sullivan, and Ward (FSW) examined the assertion of the theory of constra
that holding inventory is harmful or a liability to a firms operations. In this comment we demonstrate that inventory is not in
is a symptom of more fundamental problems within many firms operations. Therefore, addressing these problems rather tha
primary means of relieving a firms financial distress. In this comment we also examine the FSW assertion that more detailed
should be reported to enable financial statement users to construct the performance measures of the TOC. The performance
term measures of economic performance and represent a small subset of the information used to guide managerial decision
financial statement users who have a longer decision horizon and who do not have access to the firm specific information wi
would derive limited benefit from TOC performance measures.

Setup reduction has been one of the main programs to improve a firm's performance in terms of response time and flexibility
of setup reduction projects takes importance in a multi-product, multi-machine environment with limited resources. This pap
Constraints (TOC) based approach to deal with the previous situation when the goal is to improve agility. Results of this appli
is provided. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

This thesis analyzes the factors which lead to the failure of equipment, the type of the failures and the reliability of the equip
functions(such as exponential distribution and Weibuill distribution) of the failures are discussed and the reliability of equipm
the methods of identifying the types of failures and the degree of the reliability of equipment are described by an actual exa
and reliability of ZW-17/29 Series Air Compressors in use are obtained. It provides the ways to plan the technical and mainte
equipment.
Manufacturing firms are constantly seeking to improve productivity in various activities, such as throughput, on-time delivery
However, recently, the Korean government has strongly enforced environmental regulations to reduce the risk of pollutant em
climate change convention. As a result, most firms are now attempting to maximize their own productivity while satisfying th
mandated by government policies. In this study, a new framework that combines simulation and the Taguchi technique is pro
design based on the production lines of manufacturing firms. The simulation model is designed for identifying the production
Today,
production
planning
and
scheduling
becomesduring
very important
part ofprocess
production
becausebottleneck
companiesproc
hav
of productivity,
which
has an
effect
on all processes
the production
and management
on the environmental
conditions
and regulations.
rising customers
requirements
for shorter
delivery
lower prices
and better quality
and services.
They
environmental
In the? simulation
analysis,
we obtain
thetimes,
productivity
and environmental
performance
by adjustin
methods
to make
their
planning
processes
more
and
thus meet
growing
customers
? requirements.
bounds ofand
theapproaches
control variables.
The
Taguchi
method
with the
greyefficient
relational
analysis
is also
utilized
to determine
the best st
approaches
not so
easy inofall
types of the
production
systems.
This paper
deals withemission
production
planning and
scheduling
in dis
productivity is
within
a range
satisfying
environmental
regulation
of pollutant
concentration
among
the experim
is
just an framework,
example of a
very
complicated
production
system. This
type of
production
process
is susceptible
to demand
research
case
study of the
PCB manufacturing
process
was
conducted.
The case
study determined
thatfluctuati
the bes
and
this implies
bottleneck
Therefore
it is quite
to implement
methods
such
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC)
operating
strategy
with the shifting.
lowest conveyor
speed
in thedifficult
scrubbing
and DES process
and
theas
fastest
conveyor
speed in
the o
improvement
in the standard
part of
paper is a concentration
case study where
current production
planning
and scheduling
i
reduce approximately
28. 38%way.
andOne
28. 81%
of this
the emissions
of hydrogen
chloride and
dust, respectively,
in co
through
the
use TOC
principles
operating
strategy
(baseline).

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

The conflicting Influences of Inventories on net income and effective operations of a company are examined and a simple Th
conflict resolution tool is introduced as a means of understanding, and possibly resolving, the inventory-related conflicts exp
clear that the inventory manipulation practices described, while apparently improving the performance of individual compan
competitiveness of the companies' supply chains. At the other extreme, many companies have channeled their energies into
inventory down the supply chain, a practice known as "trade loading" or "channel cramming." As early as 1992, Sellers' poin
The theory
of constraints
is and
a powerful
short-run
maximization
tool.inducing
However,
thesupply
theorydownstream
of constraints
focuses
on maximiza
cars,
computers,
cigarettes,
many other
packaged
goods were
their
chain
members,
the w
technology,
product-mix,
andcould
otherpromptly
parameters
as Trade
given.loading
Ignoring
product, andpractice
market that
parameters
can be a p
buy more product
than they
resell.
is technological,
another inventory-related
allows manufactu
disaster.
The theory
of constraints
need not,
however,
be interpreted
in this
narrow
It should
be viewed
as a other
broadco
m
goals, satisfy
their quarterly
profit targets,
and
manipulate
their market
share.
P&G,manner.
Bristol-Myers
Squibb,
and many
encompassing
short-run
and long-run
strategic decisions.
It is
demonstrated
how product-mix
and capacity
modification
decc
of companies that
have realized
its implications
across their
supply
chain network
in terms of inventory
buildups
and rising
into
the framework
of stock
the theory
of constraints.
consumer
in terms of
outs and
increased lead times.
Citation only

In this paper, product mix decisions made by theory of constraints focus on the market demand for the product, and then to
affect the level of output and take advantage of the bottlenecks to determine the product mix. Through a empirical analysis
come to the conclusion that the production sequence is infant milk powder, maternal milk powder, students and children mil
and middle-aged milk powder. By comparison, the benefits of the product mix made by theory of constraints is higher than t
the dairy enterprise.
Product mix problem (PMP) is one of the most important and complicated problems in production systems. Different approac
solve this problem, among them, theory of constraints (TOC) has been widely considered since 1990s. This paper develops a
solve product mix problems that is efficient both in single and multi-bottleneck problems. At first, the new algorithm uses a m
aggregate different priorities assigned to products by different bottlenecks and finds an initial solution. Then tries to improve
of linear inequalities. It is shown that the new approach obtains better solutions than the previous algorithms.
Focused Management Technology (FMT) is a managerial approach to solving an organization's problems, designed to improv
profits. It is based on the integration of the well-established Just In Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Theory of Co
Effective Performance Measurements (GEPM), and Complete Kit (CK) techniques. These techniques and their underlying philo
tailored to meet the special environment and the specific needs of the insurance industry. This article explains the integratio
industry and demonstrates a successful implementation of FMT concepts in a life insurance department of a leading Israeli in
Mass customization (MC) manufacturing requires high flexibility to respond to customer needs in a timely manner. Lean man
easily applied to situations with low levels of MC. However, as the degree of customization increases and customer involvem
design and fabrication stages, the direct application of lean principles to maintain flow and low levels of inventory becomes d
framework to show how other strategies such as Quick Response manufacturing/POLCA, Theory of Constraints, Flexible/Reco
Systems, etc. can be integrated with lean in MC environments. A case study of boat mass customizer is then used to demon
are transformed by for more efficient MC. Simulation models are used to compare pre- and post-improvement performance.
Media, LLC 2009.

Recent market conditions require flexible or higher speed for products to reach markets. This speed is limited by a bottleneck
capacity, and this problem is known as the theory of constraints (TOC) in the supply chain management (SCM). The model h
paper by Matsui (1983, 1988), and has quite a distinctive origin in comparison to the bottleneck theory in TOC. This paper pr
model of enterprises (MGM), gives a design or decision-making method for management, and discusses the similarities of th
the theory of constraints (TOC). First, the MGM model is presented as the pair-type cooperative vs. non-cooperative game m
Results-based
production
ordering
systems
(RBPOSs)
areprice
production
systems
that
only
useunder
the information
from
act
throughput, i. e.
, the marginal
profit
between
the sales
and theordering
operating
cost per
unit
time,
a bottleneck
depen
actual
production,
actual demand,
actualdesign
stock at
inventory
pointsdetermines
between production
processes.
This
paper reviews
(market)/supply
(production).
Next,and/or
the 2-stage
method
proposed
the economic
traffic of
market/producti
RBPOSs,
which
include
systems
suchleadtime/pricing
as the Kanban, CONWIP,
base stock,
systems.
In addition
(economics),
and
sets the
economic
and constraints
underand
thedrum-buffer-rope
economic traffic (DBR)
in the second
stage
(reliabilt
analysis,
and applications,
this paper
presents
possible
future
topics.
of MGM isimprovements
given and considered
under a M/M/1
enterprise
model,
a variety
of research
management
solutions/designs is discussed on
comparison to bottleneck solutions is noted.
The proposal of the Equalized Lot Size Value Algorithm is introduced as an alternative to generate a better total makespan o
the same time, pursuing the smoothing of the machine loading when a high demand fluctuation occurs. The ELSV algorithm
Equalized and Synchronized Production (ESP) and Theory of Constraints (TOC), in order to obtain a concrete definition of ESP
makespan for the Job Shop problems under TOC scheduling. As a result, smaller equalized lot sizes can improve makespan, e
On the other hand, equalized lot sizes also provide enough improvement in the smoothing of loading, even though it is a hal
The purpose of the implementation of Theory of Constraints (TOC) concepts in cell manufacturing scheduling is to introduce
a better total makespan of a cell based on a flow-shop production system, while analyzing also the labor productivity of the s
(DBR) cell algorithm is compared to a schedule based on a random rule to determine its efficiency by evaluating different sy
that the DBR-cell algorithm performs better under a system with a small number of resources. This can be considered a cons
determine a single resource as a constraint in larger systems. Furthermore, productivity also becomes larger in comparison w
Generative
Topographic
Mapping
(GTM)
system's size
increases in
terms of
jobs.is a data visualization technique that uses a nonlinear topographically preserving ma
space. The conventional GTM model can be interpreted as a probabilistic model with Gaussian process prior, and the choice
Gaussian process prior has an important effect on its properties. However the conventional GTM approach uses a covariance
length-scale for whole latent space, and therefore fails to adapt to variable smoothness of the nonlinear topographically pres
paper, we propose the GTM model which can control the smoothness in local areas of the latent space individually.
The uncertainty of routing and processing time,the machine failure rate and the maintenance rate are 3 major stochastic fac
the remanufacturing system.Considering the effects of these stochastic factors,a time buffer model was built for the remanu
buffer-rope(DBR) technique.Taking the end-of-life automobile engine as an example,combining the modelling and computer s
remanufactruing time buffer control mechanism was established based on DBR to solve the uncertainties existed in the rema
simulation results show that the developed time buffer control mechanism improves the resource utilization of the bottle nec
This
uses quantitative
methods
to estimate
the time buffer
inoutput
lean operations
workpaper
in process(WIP)
upstream
the bottleneck
andthe
thesize
totalofWIP,enhances
the
rate of thecontrolled
system. by the Theory of C
focus of the operations system of TOC is the identification and management of constraints. To protect the constraints, they s
buffers, which protecting the system's output from disruptions and fluctuations. Despite the importance of time buffers, the
size of the time buffer in literature are very empirical. In this paper, a queuing-theory based method is applied to calculate th
provides a mathematically exact expression for the coefficient of variation of waiting time for Markov queues. It then applies
The
role of management
accountants
haswaiting
evolvedtime
frominmeasuring
and reporting
business
activitiesare
to conducted
participating
to approximate
the variance
of customer
a general queue.
Simulation
experiments
to with
verifyoth
th
implementing improvement initiatives. Recent years have witnessed an explosion of programs designed to increase product
improve firm performance. Examples include Just-in-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Target Costing, Benchmarki
Theory of Constraints (TOC), Activity-based Costing/Management (ABC/M), Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Six Sigma, and Mass C
researchers have argued there is no universally appropriate management system. Yet the market continues to develop new
Abstract
available
in "The World
of the Theory
of adopted,
Constraints"
new
system
is implemented
or specific
tools are
improved firm performance will result. This article builds a framew
differences and similarities among various initiatives and identifies the historical and economic environment that contributed
consider the evolution of management initiatives in response to changes in the global competitive environment. Finally, we i
for understanding the relationships among various improvement initiatives.
No abstract

This article describes the experiences of the marketing faculty at Temasek Polytechnic in Singapore in their effort to help the
entry-level skills by transforming the marketing curriculum using problem-based learning. The article describes how the facu
based learning approach and the challenges associated with implementing it. Evidence of the success of the new curriculum

A computer information system approach is presented to serve as a support for a hybrid production system in a manufacturi
mapping showing the interchange of information between the areas of the value chain will be developed. This approach aim
select or develop an information system which effectively supports the shop floor activities with those in the value chain

Stencil printing, pick-and-place, reflow, and wave soldering are typical processes used in the assembly of printed circuit boar
overview of each process will be given in this article. The Theory of Constraints methodology will be used to discuss some of
improve the throughput of printed circuit board assembly processes.

In 2004, the Theory of Constraints celebrated its Silver Anniversary. In twenty-five years, what started out as a scheduling so
management philosophy with practices and principles spanning a multitude of operations management subdisciplines. As th
grown, so has its acceptance by both practitioners and academicians. At this point in its development, as it transitions from
important to review what has been accomplished and what deficiencies remain so that both the promise and problems impe
be examined. To that end, we review the evolution of principal TOC concepts and practices in an objective fashion. (c) 2006 E
In
the 1980 inaugural issue of the Journal of Operations Management , Powell and Johnson stressed the need to introduce be
reserved.
models of operational processes and performance. While some progress has been made since then, contemporary authors a
between operations management and behavioral researchers continues to restrict the interpretability of such studies. Drawi
operations and behavioral research, and motivated by a case example, we intend to further this dialogue. In doing so, we ou
commonalities and several methodological pitfalls that those studying the links between resource constraints and operationa
into account when developing new research. These issues range from appropriate model conceptualization to operationaliza
Recommendations for appropriately confronting methodological concerns related to these issues are provided

Constrained resources in manufacturing organization lead managers to take decision on outsourcing of some products. This
solution between normal accounting, theory of constraints (TOC) and extended TOC to decide production outsourcing. This p
implementation of linear programming with TOC philosophy, which is easier to follow with very few parameters required for
model is simple and helps managers to make faster decision in outsourcing problem with maximum throughput.

Manufacturing of ship piping system is one of the major production activities in shipbuilding. The schedule of pipe production
master schedule of shipbuilding. In this research, the theory of constraints (TOC) concept is introduced to solve the schedulin
and an intelligent scheduling system is developed. The system integrates a product model, an operation model, a factory mo
database of piping production and can make the process planning and production scheduling automatically. In the paper, de
discussed. Moreover, an application of the system in a piping factory, which achieves a higher level of performance as meas
This
paper focused
on "bottleneck"
identifying
problem
and inventory,
is demonstrated
at the
end of the
paper. which is the core step of Workshop Production Scheduling based on O
Technology(OPT). Analyzed OPT's characteristics and described "bottleneck" resource. The author computed working centers
algorithm, then identified "bottleneck" working center. Used software engineering methods and IT technology to realize the "
module at last. This work has theoretical value and practical significance for solving workshop production schedule's "bottlen
based on OPT.
The lack of timely access to diagnosis and treatment for sleep disorders is well described, but little attention has been paid t
system constraints contribute to long waiting times. The objectives of this study were to identify system constraints leading
multidisciplinary sleep centre, and to use patient flow simulation modelling to test solutions that could improve access. Discr
of patient flow were constructed using historical data from 150 patients referred to the sleep centre, and used to both exami
and to test alternative system configurations that were predicted by administrators to reduce waiting times. Four possible so
The
existing
literature
affirms
an improved
in business
performance
a business
unit elimination
displays a high
degree of m
compared
with
baseline,
including
addition payoff
of capacity
to different
areas at when
the sleep
centre and
of prioritization
However,
the literature
is still
scarcetime
in providing
market
managers
a systematic
effective mechanism
fortime
implementing
adding physician
capacity
improved
from patient
referral
to initial
physician and
appointment,
but worsened
from poly
orientation.
In this
paper,
weeffect
propose
framework
based
on theto
theory
of constraints
asrespiratory
a mechanism
to achieve
an io
test completion,
and
had no
on a
time
from patient
referral
treatment
initiation.(TOC)
Adding
therapist
did not
orientation
and baseline.
thereby accomplish
ultimate
goal of maximising
business
(financial,
employees
and
customers-related)
compared with
Eliminatingthe
triage
prioritization
worsened time
to physician
assessment
and
treatment
initiation foro
three
dimensions
methodology,
measures
and mindset - that
of the
framework relate
to market
orientation
usingconstraints
a well-known
improving
waiting-times
overall. This
study demonstrates
discrete-event
simulation
can identify
multiple
in a
The
theory
ofallow
constraints
(TOC)
is directions
a relatively
new
management
philosophy,
especially
to
function,
which
conclude
our
paper
with research
further
strengthening
the relationship
MO and
TOC
and making
mar
systems
and
suggested
solutions
to befor
tested
before
implementation.
The
modelbetween
of the
this marketing
sleep
centre
predicted
thatreco
inv
constraints
limit as
theintended
performance
of a system
and
that
proposes
unique
methodology
(a process
five focusing
steps (FFS
wide
endeavour
and acknowledged
inreduce
the marketing
Thismeaningful
paper demonstrates
that
TOC (1) methodolo
expansion
proposed
by administrators
would not
the timealiterature.
to
a clinically
patient of
outcome.
constraints)
set of
measures
(throughput,
inventory,
operating
expenses).
showits
how
Mental
Health Services
(ter
managementand
efforts
are
exerted to
optimise the
businessand
unit's
constraint
which is We
limiting
ability
to increase
sales and
im
was
able to apply
the
said
framework
to systematically
thefunctional
degree ofareas
market
orientation
(MO)
and thereby,
significa
(2) measures
guide
and
reward
management
initiatives improve
across the
and
(3) mindset
ensures
that manageme
performance
measured
in terms of
billable
products/services
provided
while and
ensuring
stakeholders',
for example,
employeesT
increased business
performance
without
jeopardising
employees,
customer
competitor
orientations.
2013 Copyright
citation
only
This
paper
discusses an application of the TOC-based framework to improve MO, both external and internal, in a not-for-profi
MHS institute. TOC measures encourage the MHS institute's employees across functional areas to work together and find inn
flow of customers instead of cutting or containing costs. The TOC methodology, using the FFS-based improvement process, r
policy constraints within the MHS institute, and their successful resolution improves revenues, customer care, employee sati
constraint resource utilization. However, empirical research is needed to develop strong theory explaining the (mediation/mo
The
make-or-buy
has traditionally
been
made
using standard
cost accounting
In this
Journal, process
Gardinerimpro
and
between
MO and decision
TOC. Furthermore,
there is
a need
to introduce
Evaporating
Clouds tomethods.
initiate new
acceptable
strong
case for incorporating
the
bottleneck
capacity
the
However,
their
method
not
guaranteemental
the best
so
recommendations
in the paper
require
little or
no net into
costs
to decision.
implement.
We show
how
MO of did
other
community
heal
complicated
make-or-buy
problem.by
Additionally,
their approach
in some
cases allowed
to forego opportunities
delivery systems
can be improved
using the proposed
TOC-based
framework.
Articleorganizations
ahead-of-print.
the publication of the Gardiner and Blackstone research, spreadsheets with in-built Linear Programming (LP) based optimizer
analyses that encourage efforts toward optimal solutions for complicated problems. This article is a review and update of the
The
application
of theory
of constraints
in the
production
management
should
do some
relevant research
for adaptation
th
methodology
based
on spreadsheet
LP that
provides
enhanced
solutions
in complex
environments
with multiple
productstoan
manufacturer
in discrete
manufacturing
model.In view of the actual enterprises conditions and on the basis of overall investi
Specific managerial
implications
are offered
fact, this thesis accomplished the business process modeling by using the modeling method of Petri nets and identified the p
using production management of SAP.In modeling, the technique research-and-development and adjustment are tried to be
production process and be build in the model of SAP-PP.The problem about how to apply in SAP is solved by setting up virtua
citation
onlyin the production process is entered into the system of SAP as "production order confirm".Then the time wave of
every
node
calculating stan-dard deviation.An effective method of bottleneck identification in reality is offered.

Expediting is a common manufacturing practice for keeping good due-date performance. The question addressed here is how
to get the best due-date performance with a given planning/control system. Computer simulations, under the planning schem
coupled with the control mechanism of buffer management, were used to investigate the impact of two expediting schemes
performance.

The theory of constraint suggests the application of a demand-pull replenishment strategy combined with buffer manageme
effectively manage inventory. A demand-pull strategy caters to the customers' demand to drive inventory replenishment, wh
designed to adjust target inventory levels ( buffer size). However, there is very limited literature looking into the parameters
depth, such as the timing and the amount of buffer adjusted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the produc
that affect the parameters of choice in buffer management when applying the DPBM strategy. This study first used a DPBM s
The
similarity
of process
requirements
cellular
manufacturing
(CM)
frequently causes
a loadto
imbalance
in production
simulation,
based
on historical
demandindata)
under
different buffer
management
parameters
simulate the
inventory plann
reple
the
bottleneck
phenomenon
notgrouped
atypical according
in a CM environment.
This work
proposes
a two-stage
exhaustive
bottleneck-base
products.
The products
were is
then
to the simulated
results
by statistical
analysis.
A decision
tree was app
procedure
(BGSP)factors
to improve
cells with load
To ourAn
knowledge,
the
impact
of the is
bottleneck
on grou
demand pattern
that determined
the imbalance.
product groups.
appropriate
DPBM
strategy
suggestedmanagement
for each product
gr
cells
is examined
here
for the first
time.by
The
BGSP attempts
to fully utilize
theinbottleneck
to minimize
makespan.
A
demand
data for 21
products,
provided
a wafer
foundry company
located
Taiwan, tomachine
demonstrate
the feasibility
and eff
experimental
environment
are designed
for to
examining
thewhether
performance
of the
BGSP and
the experimental
method. The results
show that
it is possible
determine
a product
is suitable
foreffects
DPBM of
strategy
applicationfactors,
after a
Abstract
available
in "Thebottleneck-to-nonbottleneck
World of the Theory of Constraints"
number
part families,
load ratio, and scheduling rules. Scheduling rules compared herein con
demand of
data.
five two-stage group scheduling rules discussed in previous studies. The BGSP shows the best average makespan as well as
in this work demonstrate the practical nature of bottleneck management on group scheduling in cellular manufacturing syste
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

There is a high demand for the diagnostic medical blood analyzer in the global medical device market. The domestic market
expected to grow very fast. In this study, we attempt to provide several ways for production improvement in order to secure
domestic medical blood analyzer. For this purpose we identify the problems of current production process using ARENA simu
alternatives for productivity improvement. . Five steps of TOC (Theory of Constraints) and ARENA simulation are employed to
alternative and to suggest further improvement.
Analysing the performance of an application performed on a distributed system is discussed in this paper. An analogy betwe
production process is portrayed, particularly for an application running on several computers. Consequently, theories of man
processes are employed to help analyse and manage distributed systems, specifically, the Theory of Constraints (TOC). Usin
cost/utilization model which was initially developed to evaluate the utilization of a single processor and is extended here to h
is demonstrated how the performance of a distributed system can be examined. The methodology presented here is based o
This
paper
describes
a case
relating
to a food-processing
plant. The
methods
to address
the case include
spreads
aimed
to allow
managers
of study
information
systems
to locate constrained
resources,
toused
optimize
the distribution
of the compute
Goldratt's
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC),
both of which
to practising
managers.
The into
paper
demonstratesdecision
how st
and pinpoint
improper
imbalances
and fluctuations
in are
the accessible
system workload.
The model
develops
a management
optimisation
tools
canas
bebuffer
used in
combination
withof
a TOC
framework
to provide
effective
decision resources,
aids. The results
from the
applied in areas
such
policy,
assessment
protective
capacity,
investment
in computer
and identificatio
productivity improvements are possible from even small models of a situation. The paper explores the interrelationships and
Linear Programming and Theory of Constraints frameworks, and details the steps involved in using them in combination. We
We
describe
hybrid
manufacturing
remanufacturing
systems
a long
leadand
time
for manufacturing
and of
a short
lead time
practice
should
be modified
in light/ of
the ease with which
LPs with
can be
solved,
suggest
that the Theory
Constraints
app
review
the classes
inventory
systems
in the
literature.
These are
all by
based
equal lead times. For s
framework
to guideofLP
use. We Strategies
share somefor
ofhybrid
the insights
gained
both
by the analysts
and
the on
company.
manufacturing and fast remanufacturing, we propose a new class. An extensive numerical experiment shows that the optima
almost always performs better and often much better than the optimal strategies in all other classes.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Most building projects neglect that despite minimizing the project duration, the uncertainty of constraints, such as the uncer
machine, or weather still jeopardizes the project scheduling reliability and influences the resources arrangement causing the
contractor must combine the project scheduling with planning to reduce the uncertainty of the project activities and project
attempted to improve the relationship between activities, revise the uncertainty of activities, and reduce the uncertainty of s
reliability of building project scheduling by applying the concepts of Theory of Constraint (TOC). To demonstrate the effects o
Shipbuilding
is a typical
buildby
tothe
order
industry.of
It TOC
has a, the
business
model
revenues
from building
various
in building project
scheduling
application
authors
takethat
one generates
high-rise building
constructed
in Taiwan
asship
ac
accordance
with
s requirements
at each
production
stage.
Under uncertainty
in Evaluation
shipping market,
it is very
essential
enhancement
of owner
scheduling
reliability. The
simulation
results
are compared
to Program
and Review
Technique
(PEfo
the
fast and competitive
decision
for proposed
product portfolio
strategy
in order
to maximize
contribution
margin by exploiting produ
comparisons
illustrate that
the DBR,
model can
enhance
the reliability
of schedule
planning.
constraints. In this study, we introduce the unique decision supporting methodology for the optimal product portfolio sets ba
Constraints(TOC). This methodology is established by adopting the concept of Drum Buffer Rope(DBR) in constraints plannin
Synchronous
Manufacturing
(SM)ofisTOC.
an important
area
of Management
bySystem(DSS)
Constraint (MBC).
With the DBR
method
of MBCprov
,t
(TA) in management
accounting
In addition,
Decision
Supporting
is implemented.
This
DSS system
Master
Proudction
(MPS)ofofshipbuilding
SM under single
bottleneck,
introducing
the fundamental
idea of
studying to
theoperate
MPS of m
SM
with reflecting
the Schedule
cost structure
industry
and a resource
simulator
built on heuristic
algorithms
algorithm
of minimum
batch
and of the
designing
MPS examples
under single
shipyard such
as dock, transfer
quay and
pre-erection
area
etc. Several
areCCR
presented to show that the proposed methodol
effectively support the strategic decision-making process of a global shipbuilding company.

The theory of constraints (TOC), initiated by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt, is amanagement philosophy based on the principle of achie
improvement byfocusing on the system constraint. A system constraint will limit the performance ofsystem, thus all efforts s
maximizing the performance of theconstraint. Linear programming can be used as a technique in the TOC process ofcontinu

Supply chain collaboration has emerged as an important cooperative strategy leading to new focus on interorganisational bo
of performance. Although collaboration increasingly receives great attention both from practitioners and academics, relative
given to systematically reviewing the research literature that has appeared about supply chain collaboration. The purpose of
previous studies on supply chain collaboration based on a taxonomy. The proposed taxonomy is composed of four different r
specific subjects of interorganisational settings, namely information sharing, business processes, incentive schemes, and per
Classic
which
pursues the
management
anykey
company
is
to improve
and competitiveness
of itsacros
own
analysisintention,
includes the
assessment
of research
ideasofand
findings.
Results
show the
the quality
great variability
of key concepts
end
to speed
receiving
of profit. Such
an implementation
is primarily
made
possible
by optimizing
production
taxonomy
andup
anthe
increased
awareness
of complementarity
amongst
research
streams.
Several
recommendations
forprocess
future
processes
this paper.are influenced by various factors that may lead to deviations from the process requirements. Management of proc
counteract such change in the process.Processes that are not managed, can lead to the production of a large number of defe
the detection of nonconformity, causing significant damage and lead to disruption of production schedules. It is important to
For
the difficulties
of control,
flexible flow
shop(FFS)
dynamic
scheduling
problem,
character
is analyzed,
the mode
of management
and
capable
of detecting
variations
in the
processthe
as problem's
early as possible
so you
can takeand
corrective
ac
based
the drum-buffer-rope(DBR)
the problem
is decomposed
simplified.
The the
dynamic
scheduling
is have
donebee
by
a largeon
number
of defective products.theory,
To optimize
production
processes inand
quality
assurance
following
systems
and
heuristicLean,
algorithm.
FinallyTypically,
the coordinating
rules of
scheduling
plan between
bottleneck
and non-bottleneck
resource aru
Constraints,
Six Sigma.
these systems
are
used separately.
However,
their combination
and comprehensive
An
example
theafeasibility
andresult.As
effectiveness
the by
algorithm.
efficient
andshows
can give
much better
a rule,offirst
using Theory of Constraints (TOC) the bottleneck is defined we
of improving of the quality and efficiency of the company and profit increasing. Then Lean tools manage this area. And the n
This
paper
analyzes
the occurrence
of bottleneck
and its relative
(1) the
definition of
bottleneck
and
which
allows
you to receive
a significant
increase shifting
in the effectiveness
andtopicsefficiency
of production
and
profit.Each
ofbottlene
these te
of
bottleneck
shifting,
(3) theineffect
of bottleneck
shifting
on the production
performances, and (4) the actions for averting b
complex
usage
is important
managing
the quality
of processes
and products.
research contributes to the improvement of the constraint scheduling and to the emphasis on the shop floor management co

The theory of constraints (TOC) was first proposed by Goldratt for production scheduling purposes. TOC introduces the time
to protect production processes against disruptions, and to provide maximum productivity for capacity constraint resources.
sizing is the Cut and Paste (C&P) method, which determines the size of buffer in a heuristic manner and suggests 50% of ma
time buffer. One of the vital shortcomings in buffer sizing is the lack of mathematical analysis. In the present paper, we desc
buffer sizing based on the principles of factory physics. The numerical examples show that the proposed method works bette
Purpose
Value stream mapping (VSM) is a lean manufacturing (LM) tool used for analyzing material and information flow o
& P method.
The purpose of this article is to address the importance of VSM in LM environment in an Indian auto components industry.
Design/methodology/approach The case study approach has been used to show the applicability and importance of VSM in
company, in which the current state of manufacturing is mapped with the help of VSM symbols. According to the current stat
conducted analysis and identifies the area of improvement needed in terms of work in process, lead time and cycle time. The
The
focus
of the
article
wasmap
the redesign
of an assembly
cellmap
in a while
car manufacturing
company.
new design
had
to include
kaizen
on the
current
state
and developed
future state
including these
kaizens.TheFindings
The
study
clear
assembly
of newimpact
roofs without
disrupting
the throughput
rate.
The theory-of-constrains
hasprocess
been used
toand
propose
out the positive
on process
ratio, TAKT
time, process
inventory
level, line speed, framework
total lead and
time
redu
the evaluation
Thetheir
complexity
of the
system
has
studied
using
a discrete-event
simulation
model. The tradition
company incriteria.
satisfying
customers
with
respect
to been
quality,
cost and
delivery.
Research
limitations/implications
Th
followed
to develop
robust
decision
support
(DSSS).toother
2013industries
Springer-Verlag
Berlin
Heidelberg.
is the confined
focusaon
a single
industry.
The simulation
case shouldsystem
be extended
in order
to support
the findings an
wider generalization. Practical implications The results obtained from the study will help other industries and sectors to i
Nowadays,
competition
among enterprises
focuses
theaarea
time-controlling
and speed.
Quick Response(QR)
ability of e
environment.
Originality/value
The article
dealsin
with
real of
case
study, which shows
application
of VSM for implementing
their core-competitiveness. This paper points out three constraint factors which take effect on QR by analyzing Theory of Con
are as follows: how to reduce preparing time of production effectively how to build harmonious administration model with su
clients' demand quickly. After analyzing these factors, strategies to solve the problems are put forward. The paper also ment
enterprises may meet when they improve QR ability as using TOC.
According as the time dynamic of the bottle existence in the production logistics, this paper applied theory of constrains, and
period of time division. A new way of dividing the period of time is proposed and at last a prototype system is designed and

An analysis of Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Depot Level Maintenance is conducted to examine the scheduled mainenance cyc
determine potential inefficiencies related to cost or time. Performance is measured by analyzing costs, cycle time, quality, av
Current operations in Iraq are considered for effects on depot level maintenance, depot capacity, and operational availability
implications in determining whether depot level maintenance should be conducted at Barstow, California or Albany, Georgia,
now.
Manufacture enterprises take the operations of recovery reverse logistics as a part of their product line.They substitute old p
logistics for some of the materials provided by suppliers.Based on some viewpoints of the theory of constraints, this article e
rope(DBR) method to set up a reasonable buffer on the recovery line, so as to realize stability and flexibility for goods supply

There are constraints in each system, the problem of supply chain(SC)bottleneck badly influences the whole value of the SC
effect"in supply chain management, this paper makes an analysis to several simple supply chain model and its related bottle
utilization and defective percentage view, then it talks over DBR'application in the field of positioning buffer setting in the su

Available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

TOC is a continual improvement philosophy that strives to improve performance globally by optimizing the logistical chain of
focus is on constraints that limit organizational performance. Constraints are finitely loaded to their capacities, while noncon
to the requirements previously established at the constraints.

This paper analyzes the manufacturing sector plan and its main requirements and describes the Theory of Constraints and th
and then according to the characteristics of more varieties and low-batch separated manufacturing mode, finds bottlenecks
this basis proposes a shop scheduling method that bottleneck seeking is combined with batch changing to ensure continuou
equipment utilization is greatly improved.

Based on the repairable system model in the theory of reliability, using reliability block diagram and Markov state transition
inventory which should ensure continuous production was analyzed from the point of view of reliability, and a serial producti
reliability model was established.The formula of the number of in-process inventory that was used to ensure continuous prod
help of the reliability model.It is concluded that the reliability model is valid through the calculation of an example.

To overcome the lack of Manufacturing Resource Planning II(MRP II), theory of constraint(TOC) was introduced into managem
system was enhanced.The key is identification and breakthrough of bottleneck.The producing flow of bearing manufacture e
bottleneck is the working procedure of outer-ring.After setting up buffer and improving produce technology, the output of ou

TOC is a important tool for making the production line balance, we can use TOC to find bottleneck and undo the it by every r
metric for capacity of line which has many series machines. With the idea of TOC and the calculation of OTE, It will put forwa
of manufacturing system by using witness, detecting bottleneck in line on different market demand, proposing the optimal s
system in enhancing the qualified output as will as pro-duction capacity in considering cost which are all based on combinati
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

IMA's Northeast Regional Council, the Avraham Y. Goldratt Institute, and American Media Inc. presented a unique 3-part prog
Institute of Technology.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Deals with the use of a production system, the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling, as an alternative to Just-In-Time (JIT) pur
management accounting. Impact of DBR on the work-in-process inventory of a company Description of the JIT purchasing sy
constraints production management method.

Product quality is merely a necessary condition for a firm to stay in the market. Yet most managers have not accepted this p
selfreflective diagnosis used to uncover the real contribution of TQM in achieving the firms global goal. Also introduces the
powerful tool to guide decision processes that could bring the firm closer to its goal.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore use of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) approach in addressing traffic cong
impediment to improving utility of the land transportation systems. The observed element is a motorway segment with regu
Design/methodology/approach As the literature addressing this topic is rare or nonexistent, this study employs exploratory
theory through the generation of new ideas and assumptions forming grounded picture as a base for further investigation.
concludes that the most binding constraint is broken in the third out of the TOC five steps and that the improvement in the g
One
of the recent
concepts
of process
is the
of Constraints
Thinking Process
(TOCthe
TP),
developed
transportation
system
is possible
to beimprovement
achieved using
thisTheory
framework.
Originality/value
Although
merits
of useby
of E.
TO
that
variation
in processing and environments,
material transfer
shall be
looked
upon in every
aspect has
as serious
as variation
in crT
otherthe
than
just production-planning
its times
application
in land
transportation
systems
never been
examined.
characteristics.
The attempt
paper illustrates
of TOC
TP that
combined
with creation
techniques
the improvement
of aw
rare, if not the only
to make the
use application
of this unique
theory
is systematised
in the
systems for
management
paradigm
deals
with various
approaches of a production line regarding the constraint(s) decision handling during the manufacturing op
transportation
systems.
optimization techniques and their application to production planning. The paper illustrates the production operations plannin
Purpose:
The(DBR)
purpose
of this
paper
is to of
systematically
describe
the key
contributions
of the
of constraints
(T
Buffer-Rope
based
on the
Theory
Constraints that
is focused
on practical
the principle
that the goal
of theory
any industrial
organiza
(distribution)
logistics.
Design/methodology/approach:
Based
on theoretical
research,
paper
the main
practical
and in the future,
and that
the constraints within a system
influences
its capacity
and this
rhythm
to presents
make money.
A case
study u
suggested
by TOC tothe
outbound
logistics
discusses
the assumptions
upon whichof
it -TOC
is based.
Findings:
This
paper corrobor
in rapidly obtaining
right solutions
ofand
a research
theme
by using a combination
TP and
creation
techniques.
TOC , according to which the current ways of managing outbound logistics, based mainly on sales forecasts lead to difficultie
between logistics (stock and transportation) costs and stock-out levels. Research limitations/implications: The reported resea
This
paper
considers aTOC
single
bottleneck
system:
multistage production
all setups
except one
zero.
The
Practical
implications:
offers
a proposal
that is a
complementary
in manysystem
aspectswhere
and very
distinguishable
in are
others
abou
defined
to be the
bottleneck
may be thought
of as
critical resource
whose
throughput
largely
determines the
throughp
and elements
of supply
chainitmanagement
(SCM)
arethe
managed,
especially
outbound
logistics.
Originality/value:
Considering
envisioned
by the OPT
philosophy.
Production
is inoflots
uncertain
(binomial)
yields and
demand needs
to be satisfied
in f
with the conceptual
articulation
and
organization
thiswith
subject,
the paper
contributes
to systematize
the knowledge
current
necessitating
multiple
production
runs.
We show
how the optimal
controlimplications
problem canofbe
reducedTOC
to that
of optimal
lotsizing
contributions of
the TOC
to outbound
logistics,
highlighting
the practical
applying
to outbound
logistics.
Limited.
Available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Total quality management (TQM) principles have been practiced for more than five decades, using various models. It has bee
the Global Fortune 100 companies and a few emerging Indian multinational companies that the interplay of factors of compe
translates into sustainable advantage, only when the people dimension, which enables flexibility of competitive quality prac
and allowed freedom to manifest itself through an engaged leadership driven process. This chapter is based on experience
represent community of ASQ in India, involved in facilitating the capability development of organizational processes and peo
The
article
deals withincluding
design ofmany
the logistic
enabling
an enterprise
to create
terms of business
global
organizations
Fortuneprinciples
companies.
Flexi-quality
capability
based aonstrategy
flexible flexible
systemsinmanagement
prac
and
in termsthrough
of manufacturing.
Infocus
order on
to human
create acapital
strategy
model the following
principles
be applied : shortenin
with steady
TQM practices
a structured
development,
the ultimate
sourcecan
of differentiation
that lea
planning
combined
with flexible
syncro
(Materialwith
Required
Planning)
principle,
the application
forecasting
layers of the
organization
to dealplanning,
proactively
and mrp
successfully
accelerated
change.
This chapter
gives a of
high
level viewin
with
partners
one learnings
of the cooperation
forms
such companies.
as supply chain, demand chain, lean supply chain , agile supply chain, lea
practices
withof
some
in context
of Indian
the dbr (Drum Buffer Rope), aps (Advanced Planning System) and scp (Supply Chain Planning) systems. The article describes
for model design of the flexible strategy for Chemosvit flie a. s. company, and the results of this application in the crisis tim

Several authors have investigated and proposed implementation for the theory of constraints philosophy in manufacturing o
study has addressed the application of TOC (the theory of constraints) in service organizations. This twopart article illustrate
service and notforprofit organizations. Part 1 explains the basic principles of TOC .

Several authors have investigated and proposed implementations for the theory of constraints (TOC) philosophy in manufact
However, no study has addressed the application of TOC in service organizations. The second of two articles, illustrates how
service and notforprofit organizations. The first part explained the basic principles of TOC : in this issue those principles are
environment.
The paper looks at whether TOC can be applied to improve the performance of service-orientated organizations, specifically

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Atpresent, many production managementtechnologies have been using in China, such as Manufacture Resource Planning (M
Theory of Constraints (TOC), et al. It?s necessary to study their advantages and disadvantages in order to adopt their strong
weaknesses at best. In this case of studying, a detailed comparative study among MRPII JITTOC is discussed, then, the suit
technologies is discussed, where MRPII is placed in enterprise level with responsibility for Master Production Schedule(MPS)
Planning(MRP), and monthly/ weekly componentparts planning on various workshops TOC is placed in workshop level with re
No
Abstractplanning and scheduling and order release on job shop JIT is placed in production field level with responsibility for
production
production control, and manufacturing state feedback.

Returning to TOC , some APS offerings are increasingly being seen as the next step in supporting DBR (the famous 'drum', 'b
goal under flexible software management - and particularly useful where multiple, moving bottlenecks are concerned. Take 'b
widely accepted that buffer stocks exist because of a lack of information. If you knew what you needed and when, the buffer

Sounds fair enough? [John Layden] has a different view. He insists that getting a manufacturing site's own APS right is the fir
the whole supply chain functioning. Beyond that, he says, you can't hope directly to effect control you have instead to think
which you need information like ATP and manufacturing commitment, fast.

The authors address the production scheduling problem from two fundamentally different approaches, the theory of constrai
programming (LP). LP is a complicated mathematical approach while TOC is much less quantitative in nature. Both approach
operations data from a fibre manufacturer. It was found that the schedule produced by TOC is very similar to the one genera

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

No abstract

Citation only

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Management concepts used in short-term, dynamic scheduling systems and how they are tied to the production floor are dis
follow such traditional manufacturing philosophies as drum-buffer-rope, or versions of it, extending the theory to address sol
and for attaining greater optimization. Scheduling systems at PPG Industries and Island Paper are discussed.

The drum-buffer-rope scheduling method, based on the theory of constraints, can lead to substantial supply-chain benefits b
running at maximum throughput and minimum inventories, while meeting unexpected spikes in demand. These benefits are
effective scheduling by means of a software system integrated with an enterprisewide transactional system. The drum-buffe
system that speeds up material flow predictably, even in complex, unstable manufacturing environments subject to volatile

This is another article outlining the principles of TOC then discussing TOC s application at a manufacturing facility. The autho
description of TOC manufacturing philosophy and include some discussion of the TOC approach to management accounting.
included to help relate the influence of the constraint on the output of the production plant. An introduction to the Harris Sem
given. It is stated that in the past attempts to run the plant at near capacity merely increased inventory, increased lead time
deliveries. Management needed to change its practices in order to become competitive. Constraint management was applie
The
approach
of backward employees
simulation combined
thea theory
constrain
(TOC)
proposedmanagement.
for HFS Scheduling
of grouped job
change.
All manufacturing
now receive
4 hour of
training
session
in is
constraint
Drum-Buffer-Rope
wa
backward
simulation
is used
to getTOC
a schedule
of HFS were
part before
stageThe
andresults
forward
is used to after
get a si
s
scheduling.
Many of the
standard
methodologies
appliedbottleneck
at Harris Corp.
ofsimulation
the TOC application
bottleneck
Thean
heuristic
and
steps of this
theory
are time
listed.
Since
approach
both
the flexibility
of simulation
in inventorystage.
by 40%,
increase
in all
throughput
by 28%,
cycle
was
cut the
in half,
quicker
newhas
product
introductions,
produc
TOC,
it canto
not
only Corp
work having
out a better
scheduleadvantage.
of HFS Scheduling of grouped jobs, but also reduce the time of operation.
contribute
Harris
a competitive

Under the increasingly intensive competition, manufacturing companies often suffer from capacity shortage. Continuous imp
approach to tackle this problem. Overall Equipment Effectiveness ( OEE) and the Theory of Constraints (TOC) are the two ou
paper, we present the method of TOC-based OEE to take full advantages of each other. The new method has proved its posit
shortage in a real-life application.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

The Boeing Company is under performance pressures due to internal process performance and external cost pressures. The
manufacturing fundamentals to meet market demands on schedule and cost. Boeing has utilized Lean Manufacturing as the
manufacturing. This thesis describes an implementation of Theory of Constraints in a job shop environment in a Boeing com
Lean Manufacturing and Theory of Constraints are described and compared as methodologies for improving manufacturing s
demonstrates that the two methodologies can be integrated in one manufacturing system. The TOC five-step continuous imp
In
this study,
fuzzy-neural ensemble
and geometric
ruleAfusion
approach
is presented
to optimize
the performance
utilized
in thethe
implementation
as a framework
for analysis.
process
for identifying
bottleneck
operations
in a job shopofisjob
de
fabrication
an determine
intelligent constraints
rule. The proposed
methodology
is aand
modification
of a previous
study
by fusing
two
dis
identify thefactory
processwith
flows,
within the
process flows
release material
into the
flowpath
at the
const
diversifying
the
job
slacks
in novel ways.
this end,
mean
of the data
neighboring
distances
of slacks
is maximize
probable that
the
actual
constraint
in the To
system
will the
not geometric
be identifiable
through
analysis,
and methods
for determining
means
and backpropagation
network (BPN)
ensemble approach
was
also proposed to
estimate
the remaining
tim
through(FCM)
constraint
engineering are described.
An implementation
of the
drum-buffer-rope
material
control
process iscycle
describ
important
input to the
A new aggregation
mechanism
was
designed
to the
enhance
theof
robustness
of the
FCM-BP
the implementation,
a new
data rule.
management
system was
developed.
Thealso
system
utilizes
concept
critical ratio
scheduling
Purpose
-the
The
aim offrom
this starvation
paper
toand
demonstrate
howtoagility
a central
focus
ofbeen
an organization
can
through
validate
effectiveness
of theisproposed
methodology,
someasexperiments
have
conducted.
The be
experimental
results a
protect bottlenecks
process
flow
provide
the
necessary
information
for operating
inachieved
a drum-buffer-rop
scorecard
(BSC)
system.
Design/methodology/approach
An
action
research
approach
in
a
single
organization
is
used
inve
of
the
proposed
methodology.
drum-buffer-rope material control policy provides a method for controlling the WIP and cycle time in a factory within a to
MRP
fr
usefulness
ofin
anthe
agility-focused
BSC.are
Findings
- While
the
theory
of to
constraints
(TOC)-based
approach was history,
improving
agility,o
encountered
implementation
detailed.
These
are
related
information
systems, organizational
metrics,
BSC,
basedpolicies.
on agility
principles,
staff in
the organization
had their direction
focused
onneed
drivers
issues
incumbent
These
all provide
challenges
to implementation
a TOC system
and
to of
beimportant
managed strategic
properly for
a su
environment.
Practical
Managers
using
the issues.
TOC have a way forward to use the TOC system, but build a perform
thesis provides
several implications
suggestions -to
overcoming
these
Quality
refers
to an equilibrium
level of functionality
a product or service
the in
producers
that leads
to agility
and more sustained
competitive possessed
advantage.by
Originality/value
- The based
role of on
a BSC
enablingcapability
agility in an
any
manufacturing
is to increase the production and to bring down the production cost without compromising on qu
not been
previouslyconcern
investigated.
through the implementation of innovative managerial techniques. Theory of constraints is an innovative tool for quality and
significant challenge in implementing the theory of constraints in robotic operation is the complex and re-entrant nature of t
This paper deals with the problem of improving quality in robotic work cells that repetitively handle several products of simil
Heavy
machinery
industrytoisincrease
characterized
by a number
of specific
features
that cause
significant
variations
in the processin
of constraint
is proposed
the quality
and throughput
rate
of a robotic
work cell
by identifying
its bottlenecks
individual workplaces and frequent occurrence of floating bottlenecks, which change their positions. Depending on the produ
given workplace is the bottleneck only for some period of time. When the bottleneck moves to another workplace, it leads to
of the floating bottleneck. To maximize the utilization, it is necessary to protect those bottlenecks by creating special buffers
is to design a methodology used for the determination and control of buffers that are going to protect the floating bottleneck
The
article
constitutes
a procedure
for the to
analysis
and
identification
of buffers
floatingare
capacity
bottlenecks
in metallurgical
losses
caused
by transfer
of the constrain
another
workplace.
These
referred
to as "power
buffers". Theproduc
design
is
basedin
onthe
theprocess
use of detailed
calculations, the output of which is the determination of the hourly output of the floa
verified
of forgedcapacity
pieces machining.
depending on the production schedule. Applying the said procedure is illustrated by the example of output analysis of a line
bars. Analysis and identification of the floating capacity bottlenecks subsequently becomes the starting point for applying th
Theory of Constraints (TOC) in material flow control in metallurgical plants.
This article presents the implementation of a Drum-Buffer-Rope system within the Harris Semi-conductor's Mountaintop wafe
Constraint Techniques, coupled with Consilium's WorkStream manufacturing execution systems(MES) software. These techni
entitled, "The Goal" written by Dr.Eli Goldratt, focus on constraint management and cause-effect relationships. The compone
system will be explained, including the relationships of throughput and inventory. Self-managed work teams at Harris Semico
techniques to ensure continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

A single machine scheduling with job class setups and realease time is obviously NP-hard problem.Some other problems wel
approches did not guarantee optimality any longer.Some heuristics algorithms could not find the best solution of multi-goals
machine scheduling with job class setups and realease time was constructed based on an improved tabu algorithm, We foun
problem.The simulation results show that it not only can obtain the best optimal solution but also is better than WSPT heuris
can be used to identify the bottleneck resource and to search the better production scheduling of bottleneck resource for the
Based
on implementation
mechanisms
Drum-Buffer-Rope(DBR)
order-oriented,
multi-varieties
and smallofpatch
production model. production planning and controlling system in single produ
application area of the DBR system and presented some basic operation principles for shipping agile manufacturing enterpri
system was discussed.It presented bottle recognition, setting methods of time buffer and control mechanism of shipping agi
of supporting DBR system operation.

MRP(Manufacturing Resource Planning)JIT(Just In Time) and TOC(Theory Of Constraint) are important theories and tools of
improving productivity and enhancing the level of manufacturing management. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the
MRPJITTOC, gives a manufacturing management mode and establishes a model that integrates the MRPJIT and TOC,
manufacturing process information system is developed. A good effect was achieved after the system is applied in manufact
valve shopfloor.
citation only

A finite scheduling package means the software assumes that plant capacity is finite. That is a departure from the earliest ge
requirements planning systems, which assumed infinite capacity. A major reason why manufacturers turn to finite scheduling
able to overcome potential bottlenecks of various origins, even when they move as a result of changing production mix or ot
finite scheduling takes disciplined focus, caution some observers, as well as an appreciation for bottleneck management tech

The beauty of lean manufacturing - when it's working right - is that the flow of material and information is one. Under a reple
lean work cell produces only to replace what is consumed by the previous operation, with manual signals called Kanban card
The problem with this nirvana, apart from semantics over what constitutes lean, is that the manual information flow can fall
data. believe it makes sense to deploy software that brings lean online, but some experts and end users contend not every c
software for lean. But as users progress with lean techniques, they often bring in new modules or bolt-on solutions, so the iss
Under
the cost
accounting
view
of manufacturing,
all machine
and labor
resources
should
to theamaximum.
By co
of software
is needed
to bring
lean
online? For certain,
ERP vendors
are putting
more
focusbe
onutilized
lean. Under
broader approac
Constraints
(TOC)
of the
centerswith
on pacing
around a
keyDrum
bottleneck
Drum-Buffer-Rope
techniques,
manufacturers
areview
mixing
leanworld
techniques
Theoryaofplant
Constraints
and
Buffer using
Rope concepts.
It's a maturation
proce
utilizing
Lately,
a growing
number of enterprise resources planning (ERP) and supply chain planning so
to users'non-bottleneck
needs for moreareas.
systems
support
for lean.
a simpler approach to planning based on TOC concepts, including bottleneck and throughput management. TOC is elegantly
critical index of production performance. The barrier to maximum throughput is typically thwarted by a single capacity-const
Abstract
available
"The
of the Theory
of Constraints"
bottleneck,
so the in
focus
is World
on maximizing
utilization
of that bottleneck. DBR is the methodology used to manage maximum t
schedule becomes the "drum," which sets the rhythm for everything else. "Buffers" are allotments of material and time.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Ford lectronics Manufacturing Corporation's Markham, Ontario, plant won the 1994 Shingo Prize for Manufacturing Excellenc
waste reduction program begun during the late 1980s. This article outlines the unique approach taken at the plant to implem
concentrated on inventory management, floor space utilization, and employee empowerment

This article describes the successful application of the five-step focusing process productivity improvement technique to an a
component of the theory of constraints, this productivity improvement method has usually been applied in manufacturing se
management to identify the critical operations that determine the overall output from both the physical system and the adm
Once identified, bottlenecks are systematically removed, thereby improving the performance of the entire system.

In the first half of the year 2003, the whole world was seriously panicked by SARS, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes.
stricken. While the public in Taiwan was run over by the fear of this unprecedented disaster, the key factors contributing to t
epidemic was identified to be a series of fault decisions made by the panic-stricken official. Since March 31, 2013, a cumulat
influenza infections, including 125 deaths, have been confirmed in China and Hong Kong. Thus far, a cumulative total of 601
156 deaths worldwide have been reported to Taiwan CDC (Centers for Disease Control). The infection in Taiwan has been con
The
theory
of constraints
(TOC)
supply
chain replenishment
system
(TOC -SCRS)
one of thethis
effective
inventory
replenishm
cases,
including
one death.
In order
to provide
a problem solving
strategy
for wellismanaging
potential
crisis by
governm
deployed
in a
a central
warehouse
capacity
constraints
-SCRSOne
faces
a conflictquestion
problemisbetween
setup
the concept
ofplant
Caseor
Based
Reasoning
(CBR)with
to apply
a case
study of (CC),
SARS TOC
epidemic.
important
often asked:
production
(PQ). This
presents
a novel
approach
solve
conflict
problem
bywith
using
particle
swarm
optimiz
the diseasequantity
control officer
had paper
competent
problem
solving
skills to
and
hadthe
timely
reacted
in line
this
epidemic
developme
An
approach
that
twoby
optimization
stages
is constructed
to realize
PQ and
fast Model.
SF for TOC
-SCRd
theoptimization
problem solving
process
in consists
the SARSofwar
deploying the
Theory
of Constraints
(TOC) high
Problem
Solving
We also
example
about how
to optimize
SF is presented
to demonstrate
the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
some of findings
about
TOC application
in problem
solving.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Reports that Eli Goldratt's philosophy, the Theory of Constraints (TOC), which works in conjunction with Total Quality Manage
(JIT) is now evident in New Zealand. Areas companies need to address Companies that benefited from Goldratt's theories Ot

This study is an evaluation of the drumbufferrope (DBR) control mechanism compared to the modified infinite loading (MIL
shop environment. Although previous research has shown that the MIL mechanism works well in this environment, this study
mechanism performs significantly better. The performance of the DBR mechanism improves when the shortest processing tim
used.

A controlled laboratory experiment is used to compare the performances of management science (MS), theory of constraints
technology (TOC/OPT) and local optimization (LO) approaches to production planning. The results show that production plann
approaches improve the performance more than the LO approach. MS was found to improve the performance more than TOC
the data suggests that the laboratory experiment had a high power and the tested approaches had a medium to large effect

Mingers (J. Oper. Res. Soc. 54 (2003) 559 Int. Trans. Oper. Res. 7 (2000) 673 J. Mingers, A. Gill (Eds.), Multimethodology: Towa
of Combining Management Science Methodologies, Wiley, Chichester, 1997), Mingers and Brocklesby (Omega-Int. J. Manage
Systemist 18(3) (1996) 101) and others have sought to develop classificatory frameworks that would be useful in understand
characteristics of Operational Research/Management Science (OR/MS) methodologies and the philosophical assumptions und
extends their work to the domain of methods and methodologies known as the Theory of Constraints (TOC). In particular, the
Abstract
World
of the Theory
of Constraints"
methods available
and toolsin
in"The
relation
to traditional
OR/MS
methodologies, methods and tools, and provides a basis for continuing mu
development across the two domains. The paper concludes that the tools, techniques and methods of TOC can be viewed as
complementary hard and soft tools and methods that contribute to all phases of activity and across all three social, personal
the Mingers-Brocklesby framework, and share the ontological and epistemological characteristics and assumptions of extant
2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
No abstract

We analyze sequencing policies designed to most effectively utilize the resources of a closed queueing network representatio
system. A continuous time Markov decision process formulation is used to compare the performance of optimal sequencing p
developed by analyzing a heavy traffic approximation of the system. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Semiconductor wafer fabrication (FAB) is a highly complex, capital-intensive process with rapidly changing manufacturing te
complexity of the semiconductor wafer fabrication process (which includes multiple products, resource contention, revisiting
difficult to introduce material into the line at the appropriate place in the line. In this environment, it is imperative to manage
material in order to maintain the desired output rate with minimal inventories. Real-time based flow control mechanisms suc
(DFC) and Starvation Avoidance (SA) have been developed to manage the flow of material however, because of their depend
No abstract it would be preferable to have a simplified flow control (non-real time data dependent) mechanism for managing
information,
a FAB. This dissertation attempts to answer the question, "Can simplified flow control mechanisms be applied in a FAB?" This
simplified flow control mechanisms as effective techniques for scheduling in a FAB. Output Flow Control (OFC), the concepts
system, manages the flow of material by tying the output rate back to the input rate. Bottleneck Flow Control (BFC), the con
Buffer-Rope (DBR), manages material flow by tying the bottleneck output rate back to the input rate. This study explores OFC
The
logisticsrules
of production,
inventory
management,
scheduling,
and distribution
present decision
makers with
signifi
ch
dispatching
to determine
if the production
system
performance
of a semiconductor
wafer fabrication
using
DFC cant
can be
these
challenges
frequently line
beenmodels
addressed
by three
management
(JIT), Total
Quality Manag
techniques.
Smallhave
manufacturing
are initially
used
to comparephilosophies:
OFC and BFCJust-In-Time
with DFC, while
a large-scale
FAB m
of
Constraints(TOC).
of thegive
tools
developed
by performance
Dr. Eli Goldratt,
the major
intellectual
force
TOC analyses
, is the Drum-Buff
with
DFC. Simulation One
analyses
insight
into the
of OFC
and BFC.
The results
ofbehind
simulation
show tha
system.
Goldratt
contends
that
the
schedule
can
have
s
the
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR)
scheduling
system.
Goldratt
contends
t
mechanism comparable to DFC, in that it produces near product mix performance of DFC/DFC in the case of breakdowns
and
signifi
cant
impact
onreducing
the fi nancial
performance
of the organization.
Theinrelationship
the
buffer size and
f size
and
times in
a FAB,
while
WIP inventories
considerably.
In addition,
the analysisbetween
of simple
manufacturing
lines,
BFC/FI
In
the scheduling
ofmajority
oil actual
transfer
operations
for harbor
plants containing
ships,performance
piers, tanks in
and
pipelines, an
optimization
mod
simulated
model
of
an
manufacturing
company
is illus- inancial
a simulated
model
of an actual
s
performance
in the
ofsmall
scenarios
considered.
http://web.b.ebscohost.com.helicon.vuw.ac.nz/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfview
However,
due to the complexity involved, computational time is a real concern. In this paper, a mixed integer linear program
is
illustrated.
8486-1953ed7d3ec4%40sessionmgr198&vid=1&hid=117
the literature is studied and a preprocessing procedure is proposed. This procedure is based on the Theory of Constraints (TO
the model compilation time. Since the problem bottleneck is identified, the corresponding constraints are not considered in t
analysis based on LP dual price is also carried out to verify actions taken in the preprocessing step. Although optimality cann
During
this
period,
the Japanese
to makesolution
remarkable
strides
in both quality
and productivity.
The Toyota Productio
obtained
show
a minor
deviationcontinued
from the optimal
but with
a significant
computational
time gain.
revolutionizing manufacturing. Production genius Taiichi Ohno and his patron Eiji Toyoda based TPS on remarkable ideas such
opinion, lean production has not been the norm in Japan. Most Japanese industry entails conventional manufacturing practice
successfully on every inhabited continent and has enjoyed perhaps its greatest success in Toyota's many North American pla
Motor Manufacturing Canada is an international leader in productivity, quality and safety. Manufacturing guru Eliyahu Goldra
In
2005, the(TOC)
Toyota
Corp.
announced abusiness
$1 billion
investment
inwith
a new
"lean"
manufacturing
has b
constraints
inMotor
a series
of entertaining
novels
starting
The
Goal Ontario
(1984). factory.
There isLean
a strong
synergy betwee
Toyota's
system. growth strategy for the past decade and it's certainly working. Last May, Toyota announced record year-end results,
earned an unprecedented 11 segment awards in the 2006 J. D. Power and Associates Initial Quality Study. Lean production is
waste. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Production System Design Laboratory states lean's goal is to "incorporate
inventory, less time to develop products, and less space to become highly responsive to customer demand while producing t
Lean
(LM) evokes
images
of efficiency
and
minimizing
unnecessary
costs,
an attractive
value
manyenablin
compa
most manufacturing
efficient and economical
manner
possible.
" Now,
imagine
the leader
trains those
Scouts
who march
at for
4 km/h,
are
as lean as
they will
canremain
be. Does
LM
paper demonstrates
how the
Theory will
of Constraints
The already
troop's average
speed
just
2 have
km/h.practical
Only by limits?
raising This
the output
of the least effective
member
the troop's (T
o
performance of those organizations currently pursuing lean to the next level.

Abstract: TOC (Theory of Constraints) is widely known as a management strategy that tries to optimize the whole manufactu
is to increase throughput of the production system through repeating a procedure continuously - identifying a primary CCR (C
Resources), utilizing its productive capability, and advancing continuous improvements to it. Adding the increase of sales op
lead-time has to reduce through realizing small work-in-process inventory in production processes in order to increase the th
the measure producing profits. For the realization of the high throughput, Drum Buffer Rope Scheduling (DBRS) has been use
The
purpose
this studyHowever,
was the determine
comparision
the effectiveness
- axial
model
Gotfr
advance
TOCof
effectively.
there existand
problems
that implementing
DBRSofisShafiabady's
difficult and multi
complex
under
the and
change
o
and
compromises
skills to breakdown.
students of Islamic
science and
research
branch,
environment,
suchon
aslearning
demandentrepreneurship
fluctuation and machine
That is, Azad
whenuniversity,
a non-constraints
capability
in flow
shopteh
f
this
research the
includes
master
thenon-constraint
college of humanities
social
in year
2011-2012
. 45
cases to
were
breakdowns,
CCR may
be students
changed in
- the
may be and
set to
new sciences
CCR. In such
a case,
it is very
difficult
findsea
sessions
and wereToreplaced
bythe
randomly
in control
and experimental
groups 1and
2. after
8 sessions
training,
data wereusing
ana
many processes.
cope with
problem,
we proposed
new TOC scheduling
method
called
PPS (Pull-Push
scheduling)
covariance
and post
hocof
test
Benfroni.
The results
showed there
is difference
between
score entrepreneurship
skills oftoco
type production
instead
DBRS.
PPS brings
out advantages
of Pull
type and Push
typethe
simultaneously,
and can respond
t
groups
1 and well.
2 andMoreover,
The posthoc
test resultseffectiveness
showed The of
effectiveness
of TOC
entrepreneurship
education
based
on Shafiabady's
environment
we examined
the proposed
scheduling method
through
numerical
experim
entrepreneurship
is over The
effectiveness
the training
based on
Gotfredson's
theory the
of constraints
and compromises . so
of the whole optimization
developed
in this of
research,
and verified
the
flexibility against
various changes.
basic concepts in both models, especially the Shafiabady's Multi axial model for entrepreneurship education in order to lea
by college students .

Bottleneck detection in manufacturing is the key to improving production efficiency and stability in order to improve capacity
detection methods in industry and academia lack either accuracy or practicability, or both, for dynamic systems. The new m
the observation of processes and inventories. Blocked processes and full inventories indicate a downstream bottleneck. Star
inventories indicate an upstream bottleneck. Through subsequent observations of multiple process states and inventory leve
possible to determine the direction of the bottleneck at the given time and hence to find the momentary bottleneck in the sy
In
the past few
and decades
there
have been major
effortscan
to optimize
methodspicture
such as
Manufactu
bottlenecks
canyears
be observed
directly.
Work-sampling
techniques
be used production
to obtain a by
long-term
ofLean
the dynamical
methods
with success
therequire
production
area, the Lean
philosophy
spilled
over to other areas
as administration,
new methodology
doesinnot
any calculations,
statistics,
or time
measurements.
Hencesuch
the method
is suited forhealth
pract
industry.
Especially
withThe
Lean
Construction
helpful
methods
werealso
developed
to reduceinformation
waste in theabout
organization
of the caus
insta
supervisors
and clerks.
direct
observation
of the
bottleneck
gives additional
the underlying
industrial
particularly
from
the Engineer-to-order
(ETO)
great
difficulties
to positive
interlockfeedback
with eachnot
othe
simplifyingcompanies,
the improvement
of the
system
capacity. Extensive
fieldsector,
testinghave
of the
method
received
on
manufacturing
and installation
on-site.
Thus,inthis
describes
a holistic
Lean
Enterprise
approach
tobottleneck
avoid waste
in the w
shop floor operators.
The method
is already
usepaper
at the
Robert Bosch
GmbH,
where
it is known
as the
walk.
This
paper introduces
a new
frameworkengineering,
that allows continuous
improvement
for the
reliability
of production process and pro
synchronizing
all activities
throughout
production and
the execution
phase
on-site.
framework allows engineers with less effort to define and measure failures of production processes, also enable to analyse th
by identifying the most critical operations in the process that influence on Key Performance Indicator (KPI) such as throughpu
the received results, engineer can apply corrective actions and perform continuous improvement by performing daily monito
Current paper involves a basic concept of improvement methodology that followed by a framework development and its des
Implementation
of renewable
energy
(RES) involves
very complex
processes
are the
based
on the
latest
creativea
study regarding this
research is
underprojects
consideration
to implement
the framework
andwhich
visualize
results.
The
framework
solutions
teaching
practitioners
of this
multidisciplinary
field.
The
need
for a complex
of knowledge
at the administr
production
lead time
and increase
product
throughput KPI
with
less
expenditures.
Thistransfer
new framework
also integrates
variou
and
technological
level
of RES
Sigma
DMAIC, FMEA,
TOC,
FC, projects,
swim-lineconstitute
diagram. prerequisites for success in projects implementation of this type. The pres
creative educational methods for implementing investment projects in renewable energy using a combination of methods of
bottleneck situations in the management of certain flows within the supply chain of the RES implementation projects, the pa
Production
schedule
is an to
important
part
normal operation
enterprises.
order to gainthe
profits,
enterprise
needs
as
Rope philosophy.
In order
underline
theofeffectiveness
in fastofobtaining
andIn
implementing
rightthe
solutions
along
the lifec
planning
of partsthe
production
workshop
operation,
thus toProcess
guarantee
the completion
This
paper takes
Deli Mold
paper illustrates
steps of and
Theory
of Constraints
Thinking
(TOCTP)
integrationof
byorders.
problem
diagnosing,
designing
t
specific
case.
order manufacture
belongs to the
type of small
batch communication
production. First,
the study
cleared
t
integrating
theThis
solutions
plan through enterprise
the conceptualization
of adequate
diagrams
within
thesehad
types
of proj
layout and product process. Then the researcher had collected production orders and the structure document of parts of one
the relevant data of enterprise to calculate the enterprise equipments production capacity. By calculating the equipment util
Managing
bottlenecks
isof
the
focus
of many production
important decisions,
since
the theory
bottleneck
controls
throughput
of the
system.
analyzed the
rationality
the
enterprise's
plan. Based
on the
of OPT
& TOCthe
, the
study drafted
the
produc
not
possibleschedules,
to predict and
howfinally
the bottleneck
decisions
affect
not only customer service variables (e.g. tardiness)
production
evaluatedmanagement
economic benefit.
2010
IEEE.
apply Lawrence and Buss's (1994) work to improve heuristics to manage bottlenecks. We examine Order Review/Release tec
Buffer-Rope techniques (DBR) to determine their effect on the ease of managing bottlenecks. The issues described are exam
shop based on the work of Lawrence and Buss (1994). The tradeoff curve between WIP and utilization (?) rises exponentially
Many
MRP quite
systems
not utilization
succeed for
a variety
becoming
highdo
after
reaches
90.of reasons. Some authors contend that failure is due to faculty MRP compute
explicitly recognize capacity constraints. In contrast, Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) is proposed as an improved alternative manufa
system because it does consider capacity constraints. This work provides both a theoretical foundation for comparing their s
testing their operational differences.

The SLAM based simulation software AWESIM has been used to develop two models of four-machine jobshop operations. In t
released to the shopfloor using standard jobshop practices. The release mechanism follows a distribution and the overall sho
jobs are released they are dispatched through each work center using the shortest processing time (SPT) rule. In the second
the shopfloor using DBR scheduling mechanism. A drum is established at the bottleneck (a resource with largest amount of l
released to the shopfloor using a pull mechanism (rope). Sufficient buffers are placed in the system to protect against potent
This
paper
propositioned
and tested
whether
a Theory
of Constraints
heuristic
could improve
service
indicate
that
under low protective
capacity
(PC),
standard
jobshop practices
generally
performcustomer
better than
DBR performance,
scheduling s
in
a multi-product,
multi-echelon
physical
distribution
environment
and partial
sales.
Fieldconclusio
researc
sufficient,
DBR mechanism
out perform
standard
jobshop
practices.exhibiting
More dataseasonality
are being collected
to lost
make
detailed
the structure of a multi-echelon physical distribution system, facilitating development of a baseline computer simulation of a
system with orders planned by DRP. That model became the basis for development of comparative models, one employing p
inventory with orders planned by DRP, two models employing TOC -based heuristics for buffering and replenishment. Simula
This
study
examines
the
effect
of the
of the
bottleneck
on multi-echelon
various Drum-Buffer-Rope
policies
system
more
effective
than
either
theposition
distributed
or the
partiallyoperation
centralized
system whenoperating
orders are
based in
on
of an operating V-plant is used to study the impact of bottleneck location on the best combination of order review/release me
process/transfer batch size policy. Several bottleneck locations are modelled by varying the processing and setup time param
model and applying three order review/release procedures and two batch size policies at each bottleneck location. Several tr
performance, including mean flowtime, mean tardiness, and percent tardy along with measures specific to the Dram-Buffer-R
Harris
Semiconductor's
Mountaintop,
PA facility
is incorporating
Synchronous
Flow
(SFM)
principles in it's manu
to the bottleneck
and standard
deviation
of flowtime
to the bottleneck)
are used
toManagement
assess system
performance.
Devices. Synchronous Flow Management (SFM) is a science of management that addresses the total flow of an organization.
economic impact is fast, direct, and often enormous. By managing the constraints that control all organizations, the achievem
The goal in all organizations is to make money now and in the hture. This paper will discuss structural, managerial and beha
Mountaintop facility that had to be identified and controlled to implement a synchronous flow management system. Improve
This
paper
reviews
Semiconductor's
experience
in applying
constraint
management techniques at an integrated circ
reduced
lead
times,National
improved
delivery performance
and quality
will be
highlighted.
in South Portland, Maine. It explains why constraint management was undertaken and the effect that constraint managemen
product shipments, inventory, cycle times, and due date delivery performance. The process of identifying bottleneck tools, th
tool output, and the synchronization of tool output and inventory are described. The effect of factory indices and information
behavior and the strategies used to convince people to behave differently are also described. The theory of constraint conce
A significant challenge in implementing the Theory of Constraints in the semiconductor industry is the complex and reentran
process. Managing a constraint or bottleneck in such processes is resultingly complex and is an ongoing topic of research. Th
straightforward method to avoid starvation of possibly recurring bottleneck equipment. This method is not proximity sensitiv
act on material only if it is within a specified proximity of the constraint. This method is capable of reacting to changes in pro
correct line imbalances since it is based on real time data from the floor control system. The assertion is also made that for t
has several occurrences in the product flow, all occurrences of the bottleneck must avoid starvation, not just the overall equ
the ability of the primary constraint to feed itself

Since 2001, the Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (SDBR) has received considerable attention. Hundreds of successful SDBR case
reliable due date performance (DDP) with short production lead-time (PLT) and minimum WIP. However, two obstacles have r
introduction of SDBR to production management society. The first one is from production managers, who have been less tha
can be significantly improved by simply changing the way to manage production (SDBR way). The second is from SDBR itsel
makes an assumption the total touch time is very small comparing to the current production lead time. However, from our
Since
2001, the
Simplified
Drum-Buffer-Rope
(SDBR)
received
considerable
attention.
of successful
SDBR case
implementing
SDBR
in local
companies, we found
outhas
there
are such
environments
where Hundreds
the total touch
time is relatively
la
reliable
duelead
datetime.
performance
(DDP)
short production
lead-time (PLT)ofand
minimum
WIP. However,
two obstacles
havebr
production
In this study,
a with
simulation
game and enhancement
SDBR
were developed
and tested
to overcome
introduction of SDBR to production management society. The first one is from production managers, who have been less tha
can be significantly improved by simply changing the way to manage production (SDBR way). The second is from SDBR itsel
makes an assumption -the total touch time is very small comparing to the current production lead time. However, from our s
implementing SDBR in local companies, we found out there are such environments where the total touch time is relatively la
production lead time. In this study, a simulation game and enhancement of SDBR were developed and tested to overcome b
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg..

A visual presentation of "Applying Theory of Constraints to Large Network Problems, " presented by Paul Marshall, George Pe
presented.

This paper will describe two Harris Semiconductor success stories and discuss the SDWT (self-directed work team) tools used
story concerns a union factory that, faced with the potential loss of a major customer, tried a new approach to creating dialo
company. The second story concerns a wafer fabrication line where teams were in place for two years with little signs of imp
TOC and TPM, in combination with a structured team environment, the same group of people made significant operational im
months (40% increase in volume, 2x improvement in die yield (quality), 23% reduction in cycle time, and 16% improvement
In this paper, we propose an approach for modeling a typical remanufacturing shop and analyzing the scheduling rules using
(SPNs). Previous Works primarily concerned on static scheduling using queuing theory which has difficulty in model extension
while Petri nets as a well-developed mathematical approach is preferable in considering more complicated stochastic charac
assessment in remanufacturing operations. Based on the proposed SPN framework, we discuss three basic scheduling rules
interdependent scheduling algorithms. Furthermore, the numeric results are provided to illustrate the influence of different p
Any
world
system must
least one constraint to limit the system from achieving its objective. How to make good
rulesreal
on the
performance.
have
2014at
IEEE.
importance to increase the efficiency of the system. In this paper, an approximate algorithm consisting of two stages of appr
solving the real world problems. The first stage of approach called Basic Approach (BA) is proposed for searching a suboptim
resources. The second stage of approach called Buffer Management Approach (BMA) is proposed for improving the solution o
excluding the situations of violating restrictions by relaxing resources. According to the complicacy, diversity and limited reso
Over
theofpast
two decades
continuous
flowin
manufacturing
(CFM)
been the
operational
tool to help(DBR)
manage
and
an idea
relaxing
resources
is embedded
the second stage
of has
approach.
Theprinciple
methods
of Drum-Buffer-Rope
schedu
manufacturing
As the
connotes,
the key focus
of CFM
is toand
measure
and manage
the throughput
of tools/toolse
are used in the assets.
approaches
forname
excluding
the constraints
in the
process
increasing
the efficiency
of the system.
The prop
manufacturing
line. Allocation
To this end,and
there
have been
a variety
of systems
help manage
throughput
PUSH, PUL
solving the Loading
Scheduling
Problems
(LASP)
in real proposed
world. By to
combining
the two
stages of(e.g.,
approaches,
the
their
attendant
methodologies
(e.g.,
MRP, Kanban,
drum-buffer-rope,
This paper
explores how the X-factor (norm
considered
to becontrol
effective
and adaptive
for solving
a real world
problem with etc.).
complicated
restrictions
than throughput is used as the prime line control and line analysis parameter hence, the name short cycle time manufacturi
This
paper describes
a novel
method
for detecting
the bottleneck
in a discrete
eventto
system
by examining
the average
dura
manufacturing
lines have
both
throughput
and X-factor
commitments,
it is essential
understand
the fundamental
relations
active
forand
all machines.
Thepaper
machine
the longestthat
average
uninterrupted
active
period is
considered
the bottleneck.
The
capacity
X-factor. This
alsowith
demonstrates
X-factor
is a much more
sensitive
indicator
of capacity
problems
tha
and
also
capablerapidly
of analyzing
andapproaches
sophisticated
resultsThis
aresensitivity
highly accurate,
distinguishing
between
b
factor
increases
as the complex
throughput
thesystems.
effectiveThe
capacity.
in X-factor
can be used
as a pow
bottleneck
machines with
a highissues.
level ofShort
confidence.
Thismanufacturing
approach is very
easy
to use
andtool/toolset
can be implemented
into existing
uncover unanticipated
capacity
cycle time
(SCM)
allows
each
to be analyzed
depend
effort,
requiring
onlyversus
an analysis
log file which
readily available
almost all simulation
This
method
satisfies
factor and
capacity
targetof
tothe
determine
which is
tools/toolsets
needby
improvement,
since thetools.
overall
X-factor
of the
line i
The
performance
ofrespect
a manufacturing
orbut
logistic
system
determined
by
itsrespect
constraints.
Therefore,
improve
the po
requirements
with
to accuracy
also
industry
requirements
with
usability.
the component
toolset
X-factors.
In addition,
this
paper is
analyzes
the impact
of mix to
and
volume
withinaorder
cycleto
time
constraint
improve
the by
constraints,
also known
as the
bottlenecks.
Finding the
bottlenecks,
however,
not easy.
This paper
t
are affected
batch or train
size. Thus,
SCM
provides significant
advantages
over
CFM in is
helping
to manage
andcompares
improve m
bottleneck
detection
methods,
based
on
the
utilization
and
the
waiting
time,
with
the
shifting
bottleneck
detection
method
d
utilization.
systems. We find that the two conventional methods have many shortcomings compared to the shifting bottleneck detection
presented here, conventional methods are either unable to detect the bottleneck at all or detect the bottleneck incorrectly. T
This
chapter
outlines
intelligent
linear programming
(FLP) having
a flexible logistic
membership
function (MF)
in find
detection
method
notan
only
finds thefuzzy
bottlenecks
but also determines
the magnitude
of the primary
and secondary
bottleneck
disparate level of satisfaction for theory of constraints-based (TOC) product-mix design problems. One objective of the prese
of fuzziness of product-mix decisions having disparate level of satisfaction of decision-maker (DM). Another objective is to pr
monitor of the level of satisfaction of DMs and to calibrate these levels of satisfaction against DMs' expectations. Fuzzy-sens
been focused for a bottle-neck-free, optimal product-mix solution of TOC problem.
The objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach to process design for air cargo transportation. This work inte
fuzzy set theory (FST), balanced scorecard (BSC), and theory of constraints (TOC) to ensure that the internal process design
employees, shareholders, and customers, concurrently. This integrated approach is constructed by three stages. In the first s
objectives, and key performance indicators (KPIs) of the company are developed through the conceptual framework of BSC.
initiator's actions are developed through the five logic tools of TOC. Furthermore, in the third stage, through the integration o
A
modelfunction
is proposed
to optimise
flow
through
a production
system.
flow dynamically
provides
the optimaland
level
Work
quality
deployment
(QFD),
KPIs
and initiator's
actions
were Such
transformed
into the design
requirements
theoftechn
the
system,
giving
due consideration
for the the
impact
of system
on the
level of WIP.
The production
environment as
house
of quality
(HOQ)
is built for designing
service
processutilisation
of air cargo
transportation
based
on fuzzy QFD.
and the range of utilisation 0 < < 1 is considered. In a steady state, this model achieves the result of production pull envir
dependence) without the need to continuously monitor the job completion status of the resources. The model is also compar

One of the manufacturing challenges in semiconductor wafer fabrication is the single machine unscheduled breakdown, whic
bottleneck. With WIP buildup due to unavailable machine, it would be a difficult task to decide on how to dispatch the WIP on
Many methods and strategies have been presented by previous researchers, however these strategies has not been reviewe
aims to review and compare on the presented strategies. Based on the approach taken by these researchers, bottleneck ma
categorized as TOC , LB and Optimization techniques.
This paper presents an algorithm that that can be used in a pull production environment for increasing the product mix throu
the same time minimising the system inventory holding cost. Such pull system could be governed by the principle of Lean M
Constraints (TOC) or Constant Workin-Process (CONWIP). It utilizes the extra time that is available in the non-bottleneck (NBN
smaller lot sizes that can be made available to the downstream section of the production. It was shown through a numerical
fares better than a previous algorithm in which the holding cost was not explicitly included, and that the previous model is a
In
recent years,
to improve
system
generalised
algorithm
presented
in reliability
this paper.and economy, machine maintenance strategies have been paid more and mor
This paper aims to integrate the concept of theory of constraints (TOC) into multi-machine opportunistic maintenance policy.
maintenance algorithm, an improved model containing bottleneck strategy which influences opportunistic maintenance has
maximizing total cost saving, an optimal maintenance schedule of all machines in a series product line can be obtained. The
that this model is valid for planning a comprehensive optimal maintenance schedule. Furthermore, by comparing with other
The
twotoauthors
areeffectively
finalising especially
the first comprehensive
bibliography
the Theory of Constraints (TOC)[23] which is to be pub
proven
be more
in series product
lines with on
bottleneck.
the publishers of several works on TOC, most notably Eli Goldratts seminal works [11-17], such as The Goal, Its Not Luck, a
our extensive search of the literature, this talk will draw on examples of applications of TOC, and summarise important findin
practice of TOC. Although initially a manufacturing method, TOC has now developed into a theory about management: a pow
structuring and problem solving methodology which can be used to develop solutions with both intuitive power and analytica
being applied to situations outside the manufacturing context, including distribution, marketing, project management, accou
involving change to a system.

citation only

Due to global competitive, countries striving for economic growth and competitive advantage are focusing on manufacturing
with vendor managed inventory policy. The aims are to reduce costs, eliminate waste, shorten lead time and enhance compe
lean manufacturing with VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) to shorten lead time and reduce inventories. The study also applie
5W1H (who, when, where, which, what, how much) techniques to identify bottleneck and suggest continuous improvements
supply chain management. The objective is to develop a framework to improve overall efficiency and ensure profitable busin

This paper presents a simulation-based procedure to implement TOC policy in a manufacturing environment with multiple bo
an extension of the single bottleneck case originally proposed by Kasemset and Kachitvichyanukul (2005). The procedure us
bottlenecks, set up DBR system and evaluate the performance of the new system. The cases with multiple bottlenecks are m
cases with single bottleneck. Starting with bottleneck identification, bottlenecks are identified by conducting simulation expe
bottlenecks. After the real bottlenecks are identified, more simulation experiments are carried out to determine buffer size fo
Because
classification
yards
be considered production
systems,evaluation
insight intoisthe
dynamics
a yard
system can
The final railroad
step is to
establish the
DBR can
(Drum-Buffer-Rope).
The performance
done
to verifyofthe
effectiveness
of tb
production
management
tools that have led to significant performance improvement in manufacturing. This work focused on
is given to illustrate
the procedure.
by utilizing the concepts of factory physics, Theory of Constraints (TOC) and tools from Lean Manufacturing. The most impor
analog to improving yard capacity is the bottleneck. In a production system the bottleneck is the process that limits its throu
processing rate of the bottleneck sets the rate for the entire system. Improving the performance of the bottleneck is the bes
Although many
people
in terminal
production
and inventory
have already
discussed
push/pull
systems
for many yea
performance
of the
entire
process.
The trainmanagement
assembly (pull-down)
process
has been
identified
as the bottleneck
in a
scheduling'
has not been
thoroughly
examined.
The term
is not yet
widely recognised.
However,
it will beOne
oneof
ofthe
theprincipal
key con
yards. The potential
capacity
improvement
of several
bottleneck
management
alternatives
is discussed.
Chain
Management)
decade. Since
pull system
should
not rely
any is
plan
in advance,
wory
the humping
processsystem
should in
bethis
subordinate
to thethe
pull-down
process
because
theon
latter
thescheduled
principal bottleneck
inthe
many
apparently
hasoperated
a contradiction
its conventional
definition.
this when
paperitclarifies
under
what conditions
ter
managed and
so that within
it provides
the bottleneck
exactlyFirst
whatofitall,
needs
needs it.
The quality
of sortingthe
during
becomes
Secondly
this paperprocess.
proposes
conceptual
algorithm
for well
a pull
scheduling
For both yard
make-toaffects themeaningful.
performance
of the pull-down
Aa
metric
for measuring
how
during
cars insystem.
the classification
have
No abstractand
production,
a pull
of scheduling
be adopted
in designing
a new production
management
system. Currently
developed
its type
relationship
to yardsystem
volumecan
established.
Methods
for implementing
this metric
in a classification
yard are n
a
pure pull scheduling system . Thus a creating a pull scheduling system must include other functions. Moreover, an abridged
systems such as TOC , PFS and Production Seat Booking system will make it easier to understand this papers proposed algo
procedure can be summarised as follows: The system is started by backward scheduling based on the customers due dates
production capacity to the workload as much as possible finally execute a forward scheduling for issuing today s dispatching
The
in utilizing
the
drumfor
buffer
rope the
(DBR)
system,
an order
release
based
the Theory
of Constraint
The effectiveness
forward scheduling
is also
useful
checking
current
loading
status.
Both system
backward
and on
forward
scheduling
is execu
the
performance
of a multistage
with
a single bottleneck
been
evaluated
in in
the
literature.
This
paper
factory
process. Since
the systemproduction
should be system
dynamic,
reschedule
the plan athas
least
daily
. Progress
computer
and
informat
implementing
the
DBR system
for a multistage production system with multiple bottlenecks. The new method in releasing an
these advanced
systems
.
improve the performance obtained by the previous Pull From Both Bottleneck (PFBB) system, which has been shown to obtai
compared with two other methods, i.e. Pull From Bottleneck 1 (PFB1) and Pull From Bottleneck 2 (PFB2). First, the definitions
along with the objective in proposing it are evaluated. Then, the mathematical equations for the new proposed system and P
The performance of the new method is analysed and compared with those of other systems using a simulation analysis. Furt
processing time in the bottleneck stages is evaluated. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in every c

Disassembly scheduling, one of the important operational problems in disassembly systems, is the problem of determining t
disassembling used or end-of-life products to satisfy the demand of their parts or components over a given planning horizon
case of single product type without parts commonality while the resource capacity restrictions are considered explicitly. The
integer programming model with the objective of minimizing the number of products disassembled, and a solution algorithm
its optimal solution properties. Computational experiments are done on various test problems, and the results show that the
Design/redesign
of manufacturing
systems
is a complex,
and
expensive
task.
Ford Motor Companys
Valencia Engine Pl
paper gives optimal
solutions for the
test problems
withinrisky
a very
short
amount
of computation
time.
they plan to upgrade their machining and assembly lines to introduce the new EcoBoost engines. The research project descr
support the transition process particularly at the camshaft machining line by using simulation modelling techniques. A series
out using the simulation model developed, and based on the results of these experiments recommendations were proposed
where to invest on the line. The outcomes from the research project indicated that that investment is required in terms of inc
Manufacturing
systemsthrough
are constrained
or morethe
bottlenecks.
bottlenecks
improves
bottleneck operations
retooling by
andone
improving
conveyor Reducing
routing logic
in one key
area. the entire system. Findin
difficult task. In this study, a new bottleneck detection method based on theory of constrains and sensitivity analysis is prese
disadvantages of existing bottleneck identification methods for a job shop. First, a bottleneck index matrix is obtained by exa
system production performance to the capacity of each machine. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solutio
calculate the comprehensive bottleneck index of each machine. Based on the calculation result, bottleneck machine clusters
This
paper focuses
onhierarchical
the problemcluster
of determining
disassembly
schedules
used or end-of-life
products
wh
are obtained
through
analysis. the
Theordering
designedand
identification
approach,
as of
a prior-to-run
method,
can identi
their
parts/components
over a planning
horizon.
To represent
optimally
solve providing
the basic case
the problem,
an integerpr
p
clusters
under different hierarchies
before
the overall
system and
circulation,
thereby
good of
guidance
for subsequent
suggested
forofthe
objective
of minimizing
thebenchmarks
sum of purchase,
set-up, inventory
holding and
disassemblybetween
operation
costs.
T
Finally, a set
job-shop
scheduling
problem
with different
scales is selected
for comparison
the
propo
extended
to consider
more
general
cases with
parts commonality,
single and
multiplemethod
productbased
typeson
with
parts commona
approaches,
such as, the
shifting
bottleneck
detection
method, thei.e.
bottleneck
detection
orthogonal
experi
experiments
done onmethod.
the problems
obtained from
the literature
and a is
number
generated
test problems show th
cluster identification
By comparison,
the proposed
approach
provenof
torandomly
be credible
and superior.
Production
planninginand
(PP&C)
systems
hold two conflicting
requirements in tension on the one hand achieving an o
models suggested
thiscontrol
paper work
well
up to medium-sized
test problems
ensuring reliable execution of that plan. Demand and process variability underlie this tension and drive the need to protect t
buffering in the form of inventory, capacity and forward load. Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (SDBR) is a PP&C methodology th
conflict by integrating the planning process with buffer management. This paper describes buffer management in the contex
been applied within a fresh food processing company (FCF). The paper concludes that the approach is well suited to compan
The
theory
of constraints
(TOC)lead
was times
developed
Goldratt
in thelevels
late 1970s.
Over and
the past
years, applications
TOCaction
have b
market
demands
short reliable
in theby
context
of high
of variation
uncertainty.
The results of this
business
areasthe
such
as production,
distribution,
project
management,
performance
measurement,
supply chain managemen
together with
wider
issues surrounding
the need
to manage
buffers
in the context
of PP&C systems.
evolution of TOC , we review the applications of TOC in supply chain management and suggest some ideas for related future

The successful enterprises deliver products and services in shorter throughput time and turnover inventory as quickly as pos
approaches to achieve these goals are Materials Requirements Planning (MRPI, MRPII), Just-in-Time (JIT), and Theory of Const
be a viable proposition because it does not require costly affair of system change rather it is simply based on scheduling of t
resources. The scheduling system of theory of constraints (TOC) is often referred as drum-buffer-rope (DBR) system. DBR sys
a schedule for the systems primary resource constraint. Based on simulation of a flow shop operation considering non-free g
The
scheduling
andresults
controlin
oflower
repair/remanufacture
(REMAN)
operations
has received
considerable
attention
amon
that planning,
the performance
of DBR
in process inventory
compared
to conventional
production
system.
In addition,
few
years,
but little
attention
from has
academia.
The premise
of this research
is that
significant
improvements can be made in t
when
bottleneck
shifts
its position
been studied.
A methodology
has been
proposed
using...
controlling of REMAN operations by the application of the principles of synchronous manufacturing developed from the Theo
Normally scheduling requires standards relating to part routings and processing times. These standards are not available in r
stochastic nature of the amount of work and the routings required to rebuild a unit. TOC avoids this problem of standards by
Ainda
se possa
a Teoria das
Restries
(TOC)
como
abordagem
efetivamente
nova acceptable.
de se geren
and (2)que
theno
usemais
of Buffers
andconsiderar
Buffer Management.
This
approach
makes
the uma
use of
approximations
to standards
de
falsos entendimentos
acerca
do assunto
muito grande.
Este artigo
tem o propsito
de cooperar
no sentido de(DBR)
esclarece
synchronous
manufacturing
involves
the modification
of performance
measures
and adoption
of drum-buffer-rope
as a
particulares
da TOC
, mais especificamente
com the
a sua
proposta
de programao
da produo
baseada
capa
control system.
Synchronous
manufacturingrelacionados
does not require
expense
of purchasing
or developing
in-house
MRP na
softwar
fabris,
de Tambor-Pulmo-Corda
Concomitantemente,
a partir das
discusses
expostas,
este artigo
preten
degreedenominada
of data accuracy
at all points. A model(TPC).
showing
if significant improvement
could
be achieved
by a REMAN
firm adopt
inerente
ao TPC
no necessariamente
abenefit
mesma
j difundidoand
software
OPT, assim como mostrar que a aplicao da lgi
synchronous
manufacturing
would be of
todo
practitioners
academics.
Although
Theory
(TOC)
is a vezes
relatively
new
for organizational
there is aTheory
lot of misundersta
frente e para
trsofnoConstraints
TPC tambm
muitas
difere
deapproach
alguns livros-textos
sobre omanaging,
assunto. Although
of Constrain
In
order tofor
shed
some light on
particulars
TOCisproduction
aspects concerning
to its finite
capacityInscheduling
proposal
approach
organizational
managing,
there
a lot of misunderstanding
regarding
this subject.
order to shed
some name
light
this
article
aims to discuss
that capacity
the DBR scheduling
logic is not proposal
necessarily
the same
as that one known
as OPT
as well
as backt
aspects
concerning
to its finite
named
as Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR),
thissoftware
article aims
to discuss
definitions
different
from
presented
the literature.
necessarilycan
the be
same
as that
onethat
known
as OPT in
software
as well as backward and forward scheduling definitions can be diffe
the literature
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

The author gives a introduction to OPT and its evolution into Theory of Constraints, referring to The Goal (1984 edition). The
of the early 1980s OPT approach and mentions how the term synchronous manufacturing was coined by Srikanth and Umble
operates is given in considerable depth. The author states the basic theory behind DBR and goes to great length to marry DB
system. Much of the discussion is focused around the use of buffers in the production process. The author is in favour of a m
incorporating assembly and shipping buffers. Like Schonberger and Knod (P255), Spenser states buffers are needed after the
Abstract
available
in "The
of the
Theory of
Constraints"
multiple buffer
system
thatWorld
Spenser
promotes
uses
so many buffers that work in process inventory would be large resemblin
into a complex description of the hybrid system while also acknowledging the affects statistical fluctuation has on a process.
attempts to remove variability from the system but does not mention that time lost at a non-constraint is not actually time lo
gives a description of what amounts to DBR being a pull system with the statement that 'the communication is simply to elim
bottleneck to the first operation'. The common theme that runs through the article is conservatism, acknowledging that som
A
common
explanation
for wandering
bottlenecks
is that
changes in
producta mix
cause
status
quo yet
not acknowledging
a new
management
philosophy
provides
better
waydifferent
of doingworkstations
things. Thus to
thebecome
need tothe
ap
illustrative
the paper demonstrates that the wandering bottleneck phenomenon is primarily caused by manageria
framework case
is notstudy
mentioned.
imposed performance objectives.

A description of the synchronization of the final two stages of an international supply chain for an electronics instrumentation
The supply chain was redesigned from a traditional manufacturing operation to a synchronized supply chain to reduce a sup
weeks to a consistent 10 days across all products. The implementation of the drum-buffer-rope theory of constraints method
two new global performance measures are introduced: equivalent throughput and total system inventory. The synchronized s
achieved excellent delivery performance with a medium investment in capacity, inventory, and information management. [P
A presentation of the results of implementing drum-buffer-rope for production planning and control at a Naval aviation depot
during the adoption of DBR by the depot are presented in detail. The reduced work in process, increased inventory turns, and
indicate DBR provides a superior method for production planning and control in a remanufacturing environment.

A process improvement project for the aluminum can line at Valley Metal Container, the largest manufacturer of aluminum c
The primary focus of the project is the 16-ounce aluminum can production facility, currently producing approximately 200 m
purpose of the project is to decrease scrap and line downtime resulting from starvation and blocking of the line's bottleneck
several line balancing techniques. The efforts resulted in projected annual savings of more than $500, 000 due to increased
reduction.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

American Security & Alarm Co. , Lubbock, Texas, has been in operation since 1978. Sales of burglar alarms are made through
property, consultation with the prospect on his or her needs and goals and, finally, a recommendation accompanied by a bid
estimate of how long from the date of acceptance the alarm will be installed and completed. Once the sale is completed, imm
insure prompt delivery of a high-quality product. Both the installation and the synchronous manufacturing process are prese

Buffer management (BM) serves as the control extension to the drum-buffer-rope shop floor planning and scheduling techniq
time buffer and its implications and the definition of the information needed for controlling the shop floor. The shop-floor pro
described here assesses the actual state on the floor compared to the planned state and points out those areas that urgently
Simple comparison between planned and actual state is not practical in most cases, the data collection itself is so enormous
frequently. In other cases the task of the user, who has to draw conclusions out of a huge list of deviations from the plan, be
Despite hundreds of reported accounts of successful theory of constraints (TOC) simplified drum-bufferrope (SDBR) impleme
still raise two immediate concerns: Are there solid SDBR implementation steps to effect the change? Is a good management
priority? For the first concern, Goldratt developed strategy and tactics trees (S&T trees) to provide step-by-step guidance for
Regarding the second concern, the authors present a case study of a Chinese furniture manufacturer that, similar to most ot
lacked a good management foundation. However, the company adopted Goldratt's SDBR S&T tree and the related logic and
Drum-buffer-rope
(DBR)
pioneered
by Eliyahu
Goldrattthat
in the
although
the method
hasisnot
yet gained
followed accordingly.
Thescheduling
objectiveswas
of this
case study
are to validate
(1)1970s,
the logic
of the SDBR
S&T tree
robust
and eff
the
following analogies.
drum
is a systemfor
constraint
or other
critical
resource
sets the pace
or "beat"
of production.
management
foundationThe
is not
a prerequisite
implementing
TOC
SDBR.
The keythat
to achieving
successful
improvements
is
other
methods
that tietothe
release
of system
raw materials
customer promise dates to the production drum. Finally, th
order signaling
to establish
mechanisms
stabilize
the
before and
kaizen.
on the shop floor. The buffers result from work being released earlier than the absolute minimum time required to complete
uses 3 types of buffers. The constraint buffer protects throughput of the drum. It provides insurance that the drum is rarely i
Due-date
performance
(DDP) is
extremely
important
in a
make-to-order
but are
despite
numerous
The assembly
buffer provides
insurance
that
parts that
have
completed environment
processing on(MTO),
the drum
not delayed
at academic
assembly
development
by industrial
practitioners,
poor DDP
persists.
Understanding why high DDP is so difficult t
parts. Finally, of
thepractical
shippingmethods
buffer protects
the integrity
of customer
promise
dates.
major barriers to its realization are of high concern. This investigation identifies two main causes for the difficulties in improv
in MTO environments and mode of managing operations. While it is difficult to identify in reality which of the two main cause
should be improved first), it is possible to conduct virtual tests. This study develops an experiment using three scenarios to g
Enterprise
resource
planning
(ERP) and
theof
theory
of constraints
(TOC)
not beparticipated
considered in
competing
systems.
It is
arg
cause. Thirty-five
teams
containing
a total
245 participants
from
localshould
companies
the experiment.
The
expe
highly
complementary
that
generate
powerful
synergy.
The case
of Oregonfirst.
Freeze
Dry is presented
the mode
of managing systems
operations
is can
the root
causea of
poor DDP
and should
be improved
Accordingly,
criteria to
of clearly
good so
TOC
can be effectively implemented. The primary purpose of ERP is to create a seamless integration of interrelated informat
be identified.
organization. A system of software programs is used to develop the necessary links between the various business functions
readily available.
Finite capacity promising is a technique for calculating available-to-promise capacities over the schedule horizon. FCP compl
traditional available-to-promise techniques, helps firms established valid order due dates.

Focused management technology (FMT) is a managerial approach designed to improve processes and increase profits. It offe
already well-established philosophies and techniques of other management approaches. These techniques and their underly
and tailored to meet the special environment and the specific needs of the electronics industry. In this article, the integration
industry will be demonstrated by a successful implementation in a department of a leading Israeli electronics company.

Fox (1987) offered a procedure for the theory of constraints calculation (TOC). How the traditional linear programming techn
optimization can be used to solve the problem of TOC profit maximization as well as how this same linear programming tech
evaluate a series of optional routings to determine which will maximize profits are demonstrated. It is also demonstrated tha
more accurate in achieving the stated goals of TOC (calculating a maximum profit solution) than the series of steps that opti
or TOC suggests as an optimal solution.
In the 1990s, the primary focus of many businesses will likely shift from quality-based to time-based factors. The use of prote
businesses to achieve their time-based goals. Protective capacity has been defined as a given amount of extra capacity at no
system constraint's capacity, used to protect against statistical fluctuations such as breakdowns, late receipts of materials, a
the effectiveness of protective capacity, a computer simulation experiment compared the cycle time performance of a produ
protective capacity with one that did not. The SLAM II simulation language was used to construct the 2 simulation models. Th
protective capacity as a viable means to achieve faster cycle times while operating with lower inventory levels. Further, it wa
protective capacity require less inventory in the system to achieve relatively stable cycle times.

The dominant feature of a V-plant operation is the existence of divergent points throughout the manufacturing process. The
flow diagram, which resembles the letter V. In this type of operation, the number of finished goods is large compared with th
component parts. Through an understanding of the characteristics of a V plant and the use of an effective control mechanism
the performance of the operation. This article describes the performance results obtained by implementing the drum-buffer-r

The effects are examined of different maintenance strategies in a wafer fabrication facility operating under the drum-buffer-r
shown that downtime on non-constraint machines can have severe effects on factory performance even if these tools have s
and that for a fixed availability, long downtimes have much worse effects than frequent, short downtimes. It is also shown th
long downtimes improves systems rather than increasing the mean time between failures or reducing the mean time to repa

The question has been raised whether material requirements planning (MRP) and the theory of constraints (TOC) can coexist
(Brenham, Texas), which produces steel poles for the construction and utility markets, grew from having manual systems and
inventory to a company with a Class A MRP system. The transformation involved examining TOC to see if it would work for th
whether interfacing MRP and TOC was possible. Subsequently, Valmont employed the drum, buffer, rope technique of shop fl
new schedules. The transformation also involved developing a new mind set for measuring the performance of subordinate a
There
have been employees
many implementations
of the
theory
of constraints.
review
of the literature,
however, shows
that very
implementation,
were educated
in small
groups
about the Abasic
concepts
of TOC . Implementation
proved
thatfew
M
results
and the extent of the success of these implementations. This article summarizes research done in Brazil to try to she
successfully.
specific area of theory of constraints was chosen -- drum-buffer-rope -- and its application for production planning and contro
have implemented drum-buffer-rope are identified and the impact it had was measured. The research shows that drum-buffe
positive effect on the company's profitability
This article provides further discussion of the use of theory of constraints and linear programming to analyze the product mix
theory of constraints product mix rule in a wider theory of constraints setting is discussed, and the argument is made that al
heuristic, it should be appreciated and used in context. Theory of constraints is a powerful methodology, one small part of w
heuristic or algorithm. The benefits of using theory of constraints and linear programming together are outlined, arguing tha
such use.
This is an application based article in which the author details implementation of constraint management techniques at Luce
reference to the Theory of Constraints or Eli Goldratt is in the bibliography to the article. However the methodologies applied
with a couple of notable omissions. The author states the approach taken endeavoured to take advantage of JIT and MRP. Th
the company was not dictated by the change to constraint management. This is considered as a benefit of the approach. Luc
type of Kanban approach to handling parts and assemblies. This simple but effective approach also manages inventory in th
This
documents
an innovative
implementation
of cellular
manufacturing
and drum-buffer-rope
sizesresearch
is considered
with convenience
being
the prime decider
of batch
size. The article
outlines the basicconcepts
conceptsfor
of Robert
constraB
The
benefits
the implementation
have
been
positive The
and system
the expenses
to make
changes
in derived
the sho
played
by thefrom
constraint
in dictating the
output
ofoverwhelmingly
the production process.
is described
as the
a pull
system,
many
improvements,
leadistime
was reduced
by over
with substantial
improvement
in due-date
performance,
qualit
approach
to buffer stocks
mentioned
as is their
role50%
in protecting
the constraint.
The author
introduces
a conceptthe
called
pr
improved
significantly,
productivity
of theofworkers
increased
means of assessing
theand
output
of each stage
the operation
andby
is 20%.
useful as a planning tool. The stages of production whic
normally scheduled levels are investigated to find out why the variance exists. The author notes that areas with the lower yie
This
workefforts
is a comprehensive
of the
Theory
of Constraints.
The optimisation,
concepts behind
TOC
are
explained
and
comparis
to invest
to improve thedescription
process. This
sounds
suspiciously
like local
which
has
the
tendency
to cause
hig
manufacturing.
than been
goingborn
into out
a detailed
of where
the topics
included
in this
article
it is staff
moretend
sensible
to firstly
levels. This pointRather
may have
later onassessment
in the article
the author
states
that
process
to create
the
not
discussed.
Five Focusing
Steps, The strategy
Thinking at
Processes,
TOCofAccounting
are notsteps
included
in this
early
work
inventory.
Betz The
outlines
the implementation
Luccent. and
Instead
the five focusing
of TOC
a six
stepTOC
strategy
concerned
with TOCfrom
s benefits
for operations management
manufacturing
AnThis
explanation
these
exclusions
cant
notable divergence
the Drum-Buffer-Rope
of TOC is theof
lack
of a rope pullplants.
system.
omissionfor
would
also
contribute
considers
publishing
date of by
thisthe
article.
EliThe
Goldratt
had
not developed
Thinking
Processes
norfold
theincrease
Five Foc
in processthe
inventory
mentioned
author.
results
of probably
the implementation
are The
detailed
and include
a six
To
in high-tech
industries
manufacturers
must
improve
their
performance.
For
Fawcett
andsuccessfully
Pearson
wrote
this
work.
Thus theofremaining
TOC topics
discussed
-Drum-Buffer-Rope
-Constraint
Identifi
on compete
time shipping
of finished
goods,
reduction
manufacturing
costscontinuously
all withoutinclude
any
increase
in operational
capital investment
or person
substantial
levels
of production
improvement
may
require changing
the
way production
is managed
and of
controlled.
This artic
Manufacturing
-Global
throughput
optimisation
-Statistical
Fluctuation
-Continual
Improvement
-Benefits
TOC Application
manufacturer's
experience
in obtaining
substantial
improvements in its production performance.
-Buffer Management
-Methods
of Exploiting
Constraints

Master production scheduling (MPS) in a theory of constraints (TOC) environment requires a different focus and understandin
requirements planning (MRP) systems. Misunderstanding of the concepts or the belief that there is no need to change the MP
serious problems and cause the system to fail to achieve all of the expected benefits. In the study, the MPS under TOC conta
across the constraint however, the MPS accounts for all end items in the shipping schedule. There is only one MPS under TOC
subordinate schedules for material release, final assembly and shipping to orchestrate production. .
Every production planning concept that incorporates controlled order release will initially withhold jobs from the shop floor an
Order release is a key component of the Workload Control concept that aims to maintain workinprocess within limits while e
Order release includes two decisions: (i) a sequencing decision that establishes the order in which jobs are considered for rel
decision that determines the criteria for choosing jobs for release. While selection has received much research attention, seq
neglected. Using simulation, this study uncovers the potential for performance improvement in the sequencing decision and
of how order release methods should be designed. Although most prior studies apply timeoriented sequencing rules and loa
analysis reveals that load balancing considerations should also be incorporated in the sequencing decision. But an exclusive
shown to increase mean tardiness and, paradoxically, require high workloads. A new sequencing rule is developed that only
orders become urgent. It avoids high mean tardiness and allows the shop to operate at a low workload level. At the same tim
reduced by up to 50% compared to a purely timeoriented rule. The findings have implications not only for Workload Control
features order release control, such as Con and DrumBufferRope.

Goldratt, the originator of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), maintains that only the system's primary resource constraint(s) s
of capacity. All other resources should have excess capacity. This paper presents the results of a simulation experiment that
capacity utilization of a system's two most heavily utilized resources affect the performance of a drum-buffer-rope (DBR)sche
demonstrates that 100% utilization of the primary constraint is not optimal. It also shows that DBR responds well to relativel
capacity at the operation's second most heavily utilized resource. This research also highlights several other issues related t
In
just-in-time
inventory management in any manufacturing setting, the general idea has been to release jobs as late as pos
need
further investigation.
costs) while still having them arrive at bottleneck machines in time to maintain the desired throughput (by not starving a bo
cyclic schedule is employed, the throughput is determined by a cyclic sequence of operations known as the cyclic critical pat
in general, all performed on a single bottleneck machine. We present an algorithm for releasing jobs that treats this cyclic cr
Although this algorithm has the somewhat complex task of not delaying any of these operations on the cyclic critical path, it
No
ableabstract
to take advantage of the fixed sequence of the cyclic schedule. The result is that the algorithm is relatively simple to im
simulation-based analysis, this analysis can all be done and the necessary results stored in advance of its use. We test the a
environment with stochastic operation times. This algorithm is shown to be effective at reducing inventory while avoiding de
No abstract

No abstract

Since Eli Goldratt first appeared on the scene in the late 1970s, his ideas concerning production management have generate
controversy, and misunderstanding. These ideas have been proliferated under several names such as optimized production t
buffer-rope (DBR), synchronized manufacturing (SM), and theory of constraints (TOC). Although there seems to be general ag
of how capacity-constrained resources are scheduled, research aimed at advancing the state of the art for the specific proble
continues to be limited by prior misunderstandings and the lack of a rigorous examination by the academic community. This
Slack
can
act as aon
double-edged
sword. While
it can buffer
environmental
threats
to help
ensure
business
continuity,
state of
research
constraint scheduling
in several
ways. against
First, it presents
a concise
history
of the
evolution
of DBR.
It then
reduce
profitability.
In this
study
we focus
operational
slack,
the form
related to the
production
processes.
inves
constraint
scheduling.
Next,
it presents
in on
detail
the solution
algorithm
incorporated
byfirm's
the Goldratt
Institute
in theirWe
product
slack
onthat
firmalgorithm
survival during
its venture
stage In
when
survival
is significantly
by environmental
threats.
relates
to alternative
methods.
the its
process
of these
activities,challenged
several lingering
misconceptions
are Specific
resolve
in three types of environmental uncertainty, namely dynamism, complexity, and lack of munificence, affect the relationship
and venture survival. Results suggest that with an increase in environmental uncertainty, operational slack lowers the likelih
This special issue contains articles that exemplify the role of operations management across the entrepreneurial value chain
encompasses all stages of the entrepreneurial phenomenon, including technology commercialization, where discovery, comm
growth must take place. We report on a literature search that identifies research questions categorized with respect to topics
management scholars and classify these questions under each stage of this value chain. The search guides the developmen
the use of resources, routines, and reputation (3Rs), often lacking in this process, and enables us to propose modeling and to
We examine
the phenomenon
shifting production
bottlenecks
from
an analytic
perspective.
Weentrepreneurial
quantify the propensity
of
offer a framework
to set upofexemplars
for operational
tradeoffs
uniquely
associated
with the
value chain
bottleneck,
maximal
simple Jackson
production
network
model. Comparison
of hope
the analytic
contributed defined
articles as
in this
issue queue
tackle length,
some ofusing
thesea tradeoffs,
prior to
introducing
four perspective
pieces. We
this dis
simulation-based
shows increase
that the two
are
in good
agreement.
A scalar
measure
of bottleneck and
shiftiness
is proposed
an
work and triggers model
a significant
in the
flow
of articles
that make
it to both
entrepreneurship
operations
managem
policies
for mitigating
shiftiness. Simulation experiments show that several commonly observed managerial policies for copin
practitioner
publications.
actually increase shiftiness, but that shiftiness declines when the capacity of nonbottleneck resources is increased.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Advocates of TOC believe that bottleneck resource restricts an operation's ability to make money, and the best way to maxim
the bottleneck resource. Almost all TOC literature focuses on situations where 100% bottleneck utilisation is applied. Based o
experience, the finding is that the optimal level of bottleneck utilisation should be less than 100% and any attempt to increa
optimal level brings disastrous results for a door manufacturing plant. In order to improve and maintain the performance of t
management is critical. The experience provides a deeper understanding of how to design such plants, which could be bene
and academics working with TOC concepts.

As operational costs and equipment depreciation in the TFT-LCD (thin film transistor-liquid crystal display) industry are a high
most manufacturers usually fully utilise their production capacity to reduce the average unit cost. However, when the marke
supply the stock of panels increases this forces manufacturers to instigate a price war to reduce levels of stock and results in
prices. Inventory stocks of panels could be decreased by optimising the product mix. This will help manufacturers to reduce
increase profit, and improve competitive advantage. This study uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to construct a
As
semiconductor
technology
more
rigid process
requirement
emerges.
also that
known
industry
given the process
conditions
of profit, progresses,
productivity,a raw
materials
supply,
and market
demand.Process
A case window,
study shows
thisa
that
a wafer
needs to be
processed
on the machines
that canwhile
satisfy
its process
specification.
Machine
dedication,
means
th
effective
in generating
product
mix for
TFT-LCD industry
improving
profit.
The product
mix generated
by this
mode
of
waferdepartment
lot is processed
on a certain
machine,
critical layers
thisorder
lot must
be processed
on the productio
same ma
thea sales
for orders
and shipping,
forthe
thesubsequent
production department
forofthe
quantity,
and for master
products
product. of a good quality. The interaction of the two characteristics makes the production plan, based on the overall capacit
to implement in the real production environment. This paper, therefore, proposes an integer programming model to solve th
Flow
control
mechanisms
beenthe
a topic
of academic
research
With the
growth
of business-wide
inform
With the
objective
of load have
levelling,
proposed
model will
assignfor
theseveral
load ofyears.
each layer,
of each
order,
to each machine,
w
enterprise
resource
planning
andconstraints.
supply chain,
better
planning,
scheduling
and control
the business
transformation
window and
machine
dedication
The
model
can be used
in practice,
and theofloading
allocation
results can proce
be a r
achieve
throughput,
reduced
shorter lead times and reduced tardiness. This research compares two n
levellingincreased
and setting
the release
time, ininventories,
a fab.
control, output flow control and bottleneck flow control to a real-time flow control system, dynamic flow control. Both output
mechanisms are much simpler to implement and manage than dynamic flow control in that they do not require continual fee
Many
firms seeking
and quicker
throughput
have adopted
cellular
manufacturing
techniques.
Ne
characteristics,
suchproduction
as locationeconomies
of breakdowns
with respect
to the times
bottleneck,
the location
of the
bottleneck when
breakdow
increased
variety
and process
changes all add
elements
of uncertainty
the cell,and
andnumber
dynamicofmanagement
techni
variability product
of processing
times
on the performance
measures
(output,
WIP level,to
lateness,
tardy jobs) for
thes
the
benefits expected.
This paper
considers
problemflow
of managing
the flow of material
a manufacturing
cell
in order
mechanisms
are compared.
Both output
andthe
bottleneck
control mechanisms
perform into
favourably
(particularly
bottleneck
for
given level
of work-in-process
inventory.
The
manufacturing
cell
is patterned
after etc.).
an Intel facility that assembles and te
andawarrant
further
study across a wider
range
of scenarios
(mixed
models,
job shops,
computer industry. The cell is studied under conditions in which a single bottleneck arises and those under which there are m
Purpose
: This
paper investigates
thematerial
selection,
design
and
implementation
of a Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR)
of production
Alternative
procedures
for releasing
into
the cell
are
evaluated in order
to determine which
offer type
the greatest
advanp
fabrication plant characterised by extensive shared, batch resource resources within a low volume UK manufacturer of large
of a series of two related research projects conducted under the aegis of a Lean initiative at this case firm. : A purposively se
study conducted over 24months and organised around a two phase research design. The initial body of evidence included a
a project team of eight managers and accountants during a two day structured workshop numerous unstructured interviews
Purpose:
This paper
investigates
the selection,
and
implementation
a Drum-Buffer-Rope
(DBR) typeby
ofextensive
production
p
floor practices
document
and archival
analysis,design
and 140
photographs
of theoffocal
operation. Supplemented
fina
fabrication
plantthe
characterised
by extensive
shared,
batch
resource
within to
a low
volume
UKimplement
manufacturer
of large
extracted from
firms accounting
and MRP
systems,
including
allresources
data necessary
construct
and
bespoke
cap
of
a series
of two
related research
projectsmodelling
conducted
under
the
aegis
of is
a anonymised.
Lean initiative: at
this
case
firm.Design/methodolo
progress
(WIP)
monitoring
and simulation
tools.
The
case
firm
The
Lean
manufacturing
literature
selected
casethis
study
over to
24the
months
andoforganised
around
two equipment
phase research
design.
initial bw
of sharedlongitudinal
resources, and
gapconducted
is attributable
concept
rightsizing
toolsaand
that is
widelyThe
promoted
detailed
constructed
by a projectby
team
of eightshared
managers
and accountants
during
two batch
day structured
workshop
The casemap
panel
plant is characterised
extensive
resources
many of which
areaalso
processes.
The mostnume
app
Several
studies have
shown
fluctuations
and dependent
events
exist,
unbalanced
production
lines
and
observation
of environment
shop
floorthat
practices
document
anddesign
archival
analysis,
and 140 photographs
the focaltransfer
operation.
Supplem
for this
production
iswhen
DBR.both
The statistical
detailed
of the
DBR
mechanism
required
a of
controlled
buffer
of ov
By
definition,
lines
have
amount
of protective
capacity
built
into them
little
research
exists
to ad
and
operational
data extracted
fromofsome
the
firm's
accounting
and
MRP
systems,
allhowever,
data
necessary
to construct
and
im
after
the Drumunbalanced
because
the
extent
downstream
process
variability
risked
itincluding
being
unable
to offload
panels,
hence
comprom
and
position
of upon
protective
capacity
necessary
to counteract
the
impactfor
of the
variation
on
system
performance.
This research
se
planning,
work
in
progress
(WIP)
monitoring
and
simulation
modelling
tools.
The
case
is anonymised.Findings:
The
Lean
study
is based
a single
case.
This
consequently
has implications
ability
tofirm
generalise
from the results.
: When
th
understanding
concerning
shape
ofresources,
protective
capacity
unbalanced
lines
when
faced
with
variation
the and
formof
ofmanu
unpl
ignores
the real-world
issuethe
of
shared
and
is attributable
to the
of 'rightsizing'
tools
equipme
was implemented
it reduced
the
number
of panels
in this
WIP gap
byin60%.
This equated
to aconcept
56%
(18days
worth) in
reduction
Both
Kanban
and
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR)
controlled
lines
areIt investigated.
Results
show
that
balancing
the
protective
capac
within
the Lean
community.
The case
panel
plant
characterised
extensive
shared
resources
many
of
which
are also
batc
than doubled
the
plants
inventory
turns
(from
9.1isto
21.2).
alsoby
significantly
improved
delivery
schedule
adherence,
with
d
The
main
objective
of
any
manufacturing
system
is shapes
to
organize
the
resources
in afinancial
shop
floor
for
effective
transformation
ofth
ra
both
increasing
andfalling
decreasing
protective
capacity
(holding
average
protective
capacity
equal).
Results
also required
show
appropriate
pull-system
method
foraverage
this production
environment
isper
DBR.
TheThe
detailed
design
of the
DBR
mechanism
the Final
Assembly
from
an
of six to
less
than
one
week.
benefit
was
independently
audited
products.
Synchronous
manufacturing
(SM)
is a awarded
manufacturing
management
philosophy
that variability
hasannual
a set of
principles,
procedu
differently
than
DBR
lines.
of
overhead
conveyance
capacity
after
the Drum
becausethe
thefirst
extent
ofat
downstream
process
risked
it being
unable
value
of $850K.
Consequently,
this
project
was
prize
its parent
enterprises
worldwide
process
im
every
action
is throughput.Research
evaluated
terms oflimitations/implications:
a common
goal of
themultiple
organization
al., 1997,
Production
Planning
compromising
The
study
is based
upon a single
Thisand
consequently
has
im
This paper
details
a novel in
technique
that
permitsglobal
the routings
of
value (Seetharama
streams
to beetcase.
mapped
is useful for
highl
manafacturing
system
that adopts
above principle
called
aspull-system
synchronous
manufacturing
(SMS).
In order
for a
m
generalise
the
results.Practical
Implications:
Whenisthe
DBR
design
was implemented
it
reduced
the numbe
location of from
shared
resources.
It alsothe
contributes
significantly
to the
literature that
is available
onsystem
the relationship
between
the
achieve
the benefits
of (18
aproduction
synchronous
operation,
logistical
control
system
that
ismore
manageable
andimplementation
results
in predictable
pe
This
equated
to
56%
days worth)
reduction
ofadds
manufacturing
lead
time
and
than
doubled
the plant's
inventory
tu
management
of ashared
resources,
anda
to the
literature
on the
detailed
design
and
of a DBR
The
purpose improved
of this
research
is schedule
to describe
implementation
of Simplified
Drum
Buffer
Rope
(S-DBR),
a scheduling
method
drum-buffer-rope
(DBR)
approach,
which adherence,
is an
a generalized
system,
satisfies
the
above
through
computer
simula
significantly
delivery
with downstream
jig stoppages
inrequirements
the
Final
Assembly
falling
from
an ave
of environment.
Constraints,
in
service
operations
of
a US military
In doing
so,
this
research
contributes
two
ways.
For
practitioners,
the
DBR
principles
on the
performance
ofbase.
a synchronous
manufacturing
system.
A case
study
been
takenthis
up in
per effect
week. of
The
financial
benefit
was
independently
audited
to equate
to an
annualised
value
ofin$850
K. has
Consequently,
pr
show
how
S-DBR
can
utilised
to process
improve
the performance
of labour relations.
For academicians,
this
researc
analysis
has
beenmethodology
carried out on
thebeeffect
of the
DBR approach
on the competition.Originality/value:
performance
of the system.
This
has
been
perfo
prize at
its
parent
enterprise's
annual
worldwide
improvement
Thiswork
paper
details
a
nov
address
how questions
of promodel
S-DBR
in a service
ahead-of-print.
compatible
system
using
and
Cislanguage.
routings the
of multiple
valuethe
streams
touse
besoftware
mapped
andcontext.
usefulArticle
for highlighting
the identity and location of shared resources.
significantly to the literature that is available on the relationship between the Lean paradigm and the management of shared
The purposes of this paper are, first, to introduce several concepts and definitions related to Theory of Constraints design an
adds to the literature on the detailed design and implementation of a DBR pull-system in a jobbing-type of environment. 2
unbalanced lines and, second, to illustrate the concepts of productive and protective capacity and inventory in a constrained
Theory-of-Constraints based scheduling mechanism used to manage throughput at constraint work stations and flow at nonsmall simulation model is given to illustrate the importance of protective capacity and protective inventory at non-constraint
several stations with the centre station being the constraint station. The capacity of (and inventory at) non-constraint station
There
are numerous
tools
available
be used at
fornon-constraint
production planning
and
control purposes.
number to
of traditional
tools is ever
inc
simulation.
Line output
increases
asto
inventory
stations
increases.
This resultThe
is contrary
teach
of
sophistication
as well
complexity.
specific manufacturing
the task of selecting the most appropriate set of
says
that line output
is aas
function
solelyFor
of the capacity
of the slowest firm,
station.
in recent years, the understanding of the relationship between tools and manufacturing environments for which they are sui
purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of production planning and control tools available today, as well as new trend

Wafer fabrication industries encounter challenging tasks to justify their performance among conflicting measures when maki
A state-dependent dispatch rule is developed to improve overall system performance, which consists of cycle time, work in p
date performance. The theory of constraints is adopted as guiding principle to derive the state-dependent dispatch rule. Thre
utilization, machine queue length, and contention factor) and three dispatch rules (two boundary, shortest time to next visit,
visit) are considered to construct the dispatch rule. Response surface methodology is also applied to this study. A near-realw
While
businesses have
resisted
changes
brought
by government
legislation
and pressure
to testmany
the performance
of thetraditionally
new rule. The
simulation
results
showabout
that the
TOC -based state
dependent
dispatchfrom
rule the
impp
reluctant
or willing change, have found that a pro-environment stance can enhance a number of goals. Changes br
measuresadoption
simultaneously.
environmental considerations have been deeply felt in the area of operations management. This paper looks at implications
resulting from increased environmental interest and change. Specifically, the areas of operations strategy, production and in
OR/MS techniques are addressed. A number of propositions and research questions are presented in order to encourage and
into the areas of operations management that are impacted by environmental management.

Introduction : The application of the ideas and methods of Dr E. Goldratt within the production area are well known. Based on
The Race, and his new publication It's Not Luck, numerous companies have implemented these ideas with success. The rece
of Constraints (TOC) and the Thinking Processes (TP) enables those within organisations to develop the ability to maintain an
throughout the company for themselves, and not just in production. In other words, the ability to develop and maintain a pro
improvement throughout the whole company. This paper will draw on the experience of the author in his work with the Goldr
Late
cancellations
of scheduled
research
at Cranfield
University. elective surgery limit the ability of the surgical care service to achieve its goals. Attributes of
between hospitals and regions. The rate of late cancellations of elective surgery conducted in Hamad General Hospital, Doha
13.14% which is similar to rates reported in hospitals elsewhere in the world although elective surgery is performed six days
10:00 pm in our hospital. Simple and systematic analysis of these attributes typically provides limited solutions to the cance
the application of the theory of constraints with its five focusing steps, which analyze the system in its totality, is more likely
Abstract
available in
"The World
of the
of Constraints"
to
the cancellation
problem.
To find
theTheory
constraint,
as a first focusing step, we carried out a retrospective and descriptive stu
approach combined with the Pareto Principle to find the main causes of cancellations, followed by a qualitative approach to fi
underlying cause which pointed to the bed crisis. The remaining four focusing steps provided workable and effective solution
rate of elective surgery.

The imperative to improve both technical and service quality while simultaneously reducing costs is quite clear. The Theory o
emerging philosophy that rests on two assumptions: (1) systems thinking and (2) if a constraint is anything that limits a sys
performance versus its goal, then every system must have at least one (and at most no more than a few) constraints or lim
neither good nor bad in itself. Rather, it just is. In fact, recognition of the existence of constraints represents an excellent opp
because it allows one to focus ones efforts in the most productive areaidentifying and managing the constraints. This is ac
The
Patient
Safety
Committee
of Rush
Universityconstraint
Medical Center
useshow
the Theory
of it
Constraints
in its review of adverse
even
focusing
steps
of TOC:
(1) identify
the system's
(2) decide
to exploit
(3) subordinate/synchronize
everything
Robert
A McNutt,
Associate
Directorand
of Medical
Informatics,
it provides
a conceptual
fornot
identifying
(4) elevate
the system's
constraint
(5) if the
constraint discusses
has shiftedhow
in the
above steps,
go back framework
to step 1. Do
allow in
as
offers a model
for refers
planning
McNutt, the
committee
uses individual
cases as its s
constraint.
TOC also
to asafety
seriesimprovements.
of tools termedAccording
thinking to
processes
andsafety
the sequence
in which
they are used.
Individual rather than aggregated cases help the committee better understand the cause and effect relationship between cli
of care and adverse events. Many adverse events actually are not errors. For example, complications can result from a highThe
imperative
to improve
both technical
and itservice
whilethe
simultaneously
reducing
costs is quite
clear. The
o
procedure
is carried
out correctly.
Sometimes
is easyquality
to observe
cause and effect
link between
the mistake
andTheory
the adv
emerging
thatare
rests
assumptions:
(1) systems
(2)delivery
if a constraint
is anything that limits a sys
cases thatphilosophy
are evaluated
noton
sotwo
easy
to classify, because
theythinking
involve and
many
systems.
performance versus its goal, then every system must have at least one (and at most no more than a few) constraints or lim
neither good nor bad in itself. Rather, it just is. In fact, recognition of the existence of constraints represents an excellent opp
because it allows one to focus ones efforts in the most productive areaidentifying and managing the constraints. This is ac
Abstract available
in "The
of the
thesystems
Theory ofconstraint
Constraints"
focusing
steps of TOC:
(1) World
identify
(2) decide how to exploit it (3) subordinate/synchronize everything
(4) elevate the systems constraint and (5) if the constraint has shifted in the above steps, go back to step 1. Do not allow in
constraint. TOC also refers to a series of tools termed thinking processes and the sequence in which they are used.

The 6TOC improvement method combines The aim to improve operational results while reducing inputs or keeping them th
organization to embark on a multiyear quest resulting in a method called 6TOC (six tock) and results worthy of examination.
combination of Six Sigma, lean and the theory of constraints (TOC). A hybrid combination, 6TOC has elements of Six Sigma,
focuses on quality improvement and reducing production variation, while lean focuses on eliminating waste in all of its seven
philosophies are combined with TOC and its focus on bottlenecks, it makes a potent combination, particularly if there is man
productivity. Using TOC's five steps, bottlenecks are exploited and elevated with Six Sigma and lean tools. The addition of TO
combination for quickly finding root causes and producing solutions with a direct bottom-line impact

citation only

citation only

The purpose of this project was ro provide statistics and information gathered by Clemson Apparel Research on a study inves
of Unit Production Systems in relation to the Progressive Bundle System which is the most common production control system

Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and env
aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government
necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, r
effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in Chi
stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and t
The
key concept
the smart
grid isand
demand
response
for power
consumption
comprising
actions taken
customers
to red
barriers,
such as of
restrictive
policies
regulations,
consumer
acceptance,
scarcity
of technologies,
etc.by
Like
many other
de
temporarily
in response
towill
requests
from electric
A demand
program
offers
time-based
rates of
thar
remanufacturing
industry
also experience
theservice
primaryproviders.
stage, growth
stage response
and developed
stage.
while
the emphasis
whether
adjust their
In characteristics
the manufacturing
sector, production
managers
are likely
to participate
in a demand
same. Bytoanalyzing
the consumption.
resources input
at different
development
stages, three
development
patterns,
such a
can
schedule
their production
operations
in response
to Pattern,
electricity
at peak At
times.
The drum-buffer-rope
schedul
Pattern,
Technology
Driving Pattern
and Market
Leading
areprices
put forward.
present,
the cooperation of(DBR)
the governm
constraints
(TOC) is etc,
a useful
production
operation
method because
it helps
managers
focus on remanufacturing
effectively managing
capacity
research institutes,
will jointly
construct
the enhancing
system of
automotive
components
industry
in C
citation
only
constraint
that limits
performance
of theinsystem.
This
a conceptual
approach to managing production in cons
with a summary
and some
suggestions
the field.
(C)paper
2010 presents
Elsevier B.V.
All rights reserved.
loads in an effort to deal with the most expensive hours of the day. A DBR-based operation model is developed to determine
production processes depending on power saving vs. throughput loss. Conceptual cases are prepared to demonstrate how a
electrical loads in response to electricity prices. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In todays competitive environment, long lead times, poor due date performance and the inability to adapt to customers dem
tolerated. As a result, many companies have made significant investments in the implementation of constraint and demandapproaches such as the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR), Dynamic Buffer Management (DBM) and Replenishment (TOC R) solutions
Constraints (TOC) and LEAN. These solutions are designed to provide faster and more reliable deliveries and higher throughp
and investment. However, due to the perceived limitations in functionality of standard ERP systems to support the requireme
Drum-Buffer-Ropel(DBR)
approach
is the management
tool
for the TOC applied
a production system.The
of the buffer
hybrid environments such
as engineer-to-order
(ETO),
make-to-order
(MTO),toassemble-toorder
(ATO) size
and make-to-sto
on
the leadhigh
time
andtosystem
ultimately
competitive
edge Advanced
of products.In
a remanufacturing
syste
perceived
cost
modifythroughput,thus
these systems, many
haveaffects
chosenthe
expensive
3rd party
Planning
& Scheduling softw
uncertainties
that influence
the whole
system
throughput.Considering
the effects
of machinetofailure
rate,the
maintenance
ra
resources or have
opted to build
complex
in-house-developed
Spreadsheets
and Databases
provide
the information
suppo
recovery
productsquality,based
on thecomplain
DBR theory,a
complete
remanufacturing
modelcostly,
control
mechanism
is significan
establish
system. Especially
large organisations
that this
practice
not only makesbuffer
IT support
complex,
and a
existing
in the
system.Finally,a
calculated
example
provesofthat
three
kinds of elsewhere).
buffer designed
the presen
metho
jeopardizes
theremanufacturing
fast roll-out of best-practices
such
as TOC (and
duplication
results
achieved
This by
paper
Semiconductor
wafer
fabrication
a very
complicated
manufacturing
system
with
characteristics
such as
reentry
of lots
into
production
and
improve
the
resource
utilization
of
the bottleneck
operation.
the largest planning
supplier
of
power
and is
automation
technology
globally,
in partnership
with
Goldratt Research
Labs
and SAP,
overc
machine
with
unequal
capacity and
shifting bottlenecks.
optimization
scheduling
of semiconductor
wafer
fabrication
challenge.
After
many successful
implementations
of TOCThe
over
a period of and
15 years
(see appendix
for sample
results
achieve
research
field.enabler
Bottleneck
is the key factorand
to the
wafer
fabrication
which has
essential influence
on the
cycl
key strategic
to competitiveness
as an
Operational
Excellence
best-practice
to include
in throughput
their rolloutrate,
of best
p
etc.
scheduling
policies
machines haveinitiative.
significant
onone
costofdecreasing,
achievingwith
throughput
target
ERP The
platform
(SAP) as
part ofona bottleneck
global One-simple-ABB
In impact
the past,
the major obstacles
the mass-dep
resource
and from
therefore
need to ERP
be optimized.
In this
paper,inconsidering
the characteristic
information
concerning
been the scheduling
lack of support
commercial
systems. This
resulted
many in-house
developed & 3rd
party IT systems
th
The
purpose
of
this
article
was
to
design
a
scheduling
and
control
procedure
for
a
small
shoe
business.
The
scheduling
was
d
production
line,
a
rolling
horizon
bottleneck
prediction
method
is
proposed
through
predict
the
wait
time
of
the
lot
inquite
machin
systems, data exchange, centralized IT support and sustainability both costly and a major business risk. In addition,
oft
research
methodology,
specifically
lineartoprogramming
technique,
together
with
the
theory
of constraints.
The
productiv
Then,
based
on
the
above
prediction
bottleneck,
we
proposed
a novel
rolling
dynamic
bottleneck-based
scheduling
ERP systems
was
mentioned
as an the
obstacle
the
implementation
of TOC
on horizon
the
shop
floor.
Recent
new developments
and as
identified
to develop
a mathematical
model.
model shifting
obtained
thethe
optimal
quantities
ofTOC
manufacturing
th
analyzes
the
key
factors
which
influence
the This
bottleneck
and
and downstream
policies
of
Group in TOC
s planning
and execution
rules
for managing
operations
&upstream
logistics
(S-DBR,
R andscheduling
DBM)maximizing
meant
that,the
forbo
th
From
that
model
a
scheduling
and
control
procedure
for
a
small
shoe
business
was
made,
this
procedure
could
be
implemen
simulation
wafer
fabrication,
our
proposed
bottleneck
prediction
method
and
bottleneck-based
scheduling
algorithm
improve
systems such as SAP could potentially support the deployment of TOC within ABB and due to the potential generic applicabil
that
the
same
characteristics
of
the case
study.,
El propsito
presente
artculo
fue disear
un for
procedimiento
para la
utility
apparently
compared
toother
heuristic
method
caterhave
for
all
the
variations
and
complexities
inscheduling
their
300+
factories del
around
the globe
without
the need
3rd party systems.
Background:
The
concept
of empresa
integrating
the
theoryPara
of constraints
tools in reorganizing
management
system
in
a mechanical
produccin
de
una
pequea
de
calzado.
realizar
la
programacin
de
la
produccin
se
aplic
la
investigacin
testing, so ABB assembled a team of experts from ABB, Goldratt Research Labs and SAP. To focus the team and acceleratede
th
presented
in this article.
The
aim of thelineal
concept
is to
enable
thede
enterprise
to satisfy the
customers'
expectations
at re
especficamente
tcnica
demain
programacin
con
la teora
restricciones.
desarrollar
el Strategy
modelo
matemtico
communication oflathe
critical
ERP
modifications,
Dr.junto
Eli Goldratt
recommended
that thePara
team
use TOC s
& Tactic T
for
making a profit
and creating
an agile
enterprise
in the long
run. Methods:
Due to
the
individual
character ofel
the
productio
restricciones
productivo,
el modelo
determin
las cantidades
ptimas
deprocess,
fabricacin
maximizando
throughput
developed bydel
Dr. sistema
Eli Goldratt
to identify,
define and
communicate
all the changes
in
policies
and measurements
nec
process
in analyzed
company,
the
described
concept
using theory
ofprogramacin
constraints project
management
(CCPM)eland
manufact
dado.
A
partir
de
este
modelo,
se
plantea
un
procedimiento
para
la
y
control
de
la
produccin,
cual
puedean
im
achieve an organizations growth and stability targets. This tool and associated collaborative and concurrent development
use
performance
levels
conception
tolas
build
an integration
tool focused
on
the
interaction and collaboration between differen
empresas
de
calzado
que
presenten
mismas
caractersticas
del
caso
de
estudio.
the
team to define, communicate and test the IT blueprint that answered the What, How to and Why for all the modifications
No abstract
integration
tool has been developed and verified in Polish manufacturing company. Results: In described model a tool compa
system (SAP). This approach played a major part in achievement of the necessary buy-in from key stakeholders and success
the level of the customer service process. Shop floor is controlled based on the DBR method. The authors hold that the integ
achievement of rapid business results at the pilot plants in Czech Republic and Korea. Based on the results achieved and the
is of key importance. The integration of TOC tools dedicated to managing customer service and shop floor scheduling and co
from all stakeholders, the TOC in SAP solution can now be systematically rolled out to any of the 300+ ABB factories aroun
a mechanism for repeated transmitting the information between them. This mechanism has been developed. Conclusions: T
showed that the developed tool integrating CCPM and DBR had a positive impact on the enterprise performance. It enables i
performance in meeting target group requirements by focusing on enhancing the efficiency of processes running in the comp
particular work stations. The described model has been successfully implemented in one of the Polish mechanical engineerin

Overall equipment effectiveness is defined in terms of its four components: availability, operating efficiency, rate efficiency a
necessary to obtain 100 percent OEE for every piece of equipment. Instead, attention should be focused on the constraint or
theory of constraints is used to explain why and the drum-buffer-rope technique is used to explain how.

Some current supply chain models are based on the theory of constraints, and these models have been successfully implem
However, in industries with complex manufacturing processes, there have been significant problems with integrating the ma
supply chain model. There are a couple of reasons for this. The first difficulty involves the ability to predict capacity and the
integrating pull systems with push systems.

The difficulties of integrating advanced function dispatching systems into the larger framework of a supply chain model are d
implement the widely adopted theory of constraints at both the enterprise and factory level

One of the key components of the Theory of Constraints is the application of the `Drum-Buffer-Rope' principle to production l
involves linking the start of material into the production line with the performance of the constraint. The methodology presen
Inventory Profile System (IPS) automation tool to track the factory inventory and performance of constraint and near constra
equipment is monitored using control charts of the inventory. A wafer start modulation algorithm computes the over or unde
recovery time which are used in the starts decision making process.
This paper describes a SPDIS (Simulation, Production Plan and Dispatching Integration System) for linking between PMC (pro
department) and MFG (manufacturing department). First of all is the outline of this system. Then the forecast output differen
and no tool limitation and then the shop floor control logic. In the end, it has been proved that the SPDlS not only improves t
reduces the argument between PMC and MFG. Implementation of the SPDIS improves CLIP by 60%. It means we have improv
increase customer's satisfaction
In semiconductor manufacturing, it is difficult for engineers to control complicated and often imbanlanced heavily loaded pro
study aims to propose a framework of segmented WIP control for the production routes to control and reduce cycle time effe
Starvation Avoidance (SA) method is employed to maintain high utilization of the Capacity Constrained Resources (CCR) in li
simulation is designed and validated with a small-scale model based on real data collected in a wafer fab in Taiwan. The resu
viability.
The production scheduling of CCR(capacity constraints resource)in DBR(drum-buffer-rope)theory was often done with some h
EDD(earliest due date).Generally speaking,this scheduling method can not gain the best solution.In order to overcome this s
function for bottleneck's production was given with consideration of the multi-object for wafer fabrication.Based on tabu algo
approach for bottleneck's production was proposed.Compared with the former research results,the results of experiments sh
research.
This paper details activities targeted at improving task behaviors within self-directed work teams (SDWTs), which subsequen
quality within the factory. Like many companies, Harris Semiconductor manages its resources to improve productivity and lo
major initiative employed at Harris, Theory of Constraints (TOC), focuses on increased throughput, decreased inventory, and
TOC is the central focus for individual, team, and equipment improvements. Employees are involved in continuous improvem
Productive Maintenance (TPM) and system improvement project teams to achieve TOC objectives. We focus on the methods
To
maximize
utilization
of the
bottleneck
workstation,
and
a high throughput
well astoabe
reasonable
cycle
time,
to deploy
andthe
train
employees
in TOC
and TPM,
a subset of
theachieve
total employee
tool boxas
needed
successful
in today's
forward
for determining the right time buffer before the bottleneck workstation in semiconductor wafer fabrication system. F
environment
model is proposed based on the queuing theory and the system's random variability. Secondly, according to the characterist
bottleneck workstation, a time buffer decomposition method is presented. On the basis of the work mentioned above, a heur
determining the reasonable time buffer. Finally, a release policy is proposed based on the time buffer, and a simulation expe
Three-zone
Management
(TZBM)
is proposed
forthat
solving
real worldisproblems
complicated constraints and limited
evaluate theBuffer
proposed
algorithm.
The results
indicate
the algorithm
valid andwith
feasible.
used to solve the logistics problems called Packing, Allocating and Routing Problem (PARP)first in this paper. PARP has three p
has multiple goals and constraints, which are usually dependent and conflict mutually. It is difficult even to find a solution sa
general method for solving the problems in real world is to relax some constraints and change the priorities of goals and con
according to the situations of the solving process. Each process is considered as a multi-agent system and then PARP is a mu
Desde
lanamento
do livro
mquina
mundo,
revelou
os conceitos
do Sistema
Toyota
de Produo
(ST
system.o TZBM
is to divide
theA
agents
suchque
as mudou
pallets, otrucks
and que
routes
into three
zones according
to their
situation
satisfyin
relao
produo
em massa,
muitas
empresas
tm procurado
replicar
este modelo
de gesto
os seus resultados
finance
Yellow-zone
and Red-zone.
TZBM
focuses
its attention
on improving
the situation
of violation
ande decreasing
the agents
in Re
mesmo
perodo,
a Teoria
das
Res tries
( Theory
of changing
Constraints
- TOC),
outra
filosofia
de gerenciamento organizacional, tem
negotiation
among
agents,
relaxing
constraints
and
their
priorities.
2005 SICE.
significativas nos resultados financeiros e operacionais de empresas. O principal objetivo deste artigo apresentar uma an
princpios f undamentais que norteiam estes dois modelos e demonstrar a forte convergncia dessas abordagens.
This paper describes a SLAM II- FORTRAN simulation model of Drum- buffer-rope (DBR) as a production planning and control
component division of a Naval Aviation Depot. The model represents all of the functional areas of remanufacturing facility (a
for the repair/overhaul of an aviation component, as well as DBR for production planning and control. The model allows for e
areas, including setting buffer sizes, buffer management techniques, input/output control, and capacity management. The m
that DBR is an extremely robust method of production planning and control and that DBR leads to better performance to sch
This
articleand
describes
theuse
theory
of constraints,
an approach for enacting a process of continuous improvement that focuses
inventory
improved
of present
resources.
system's performance. A user-friendly simulation game to teach the theory of constraints is discussed. The authors think tha
as students of management can benefit from the theory as a useful conceptual framework for improving business performan
interaction with the simulation game to reinforce the theory's principles. The game has been played by practitioners and aca
sponsored by the Avraham Y. Goldratt Institute and has served as an active learning tool for students in graduate and underg
management classes. 1996 Sage Publications, Inc.

This paper provides a novel method for detecting bottlenecks in manufacturing systems and the shifting of these bottleneck
are constrained by one or more bottlenecks. Improving the bottleneck will improve the whole system. Yet, finding the bottlen
Furthermore, the system may change over time or due to random events, and subsequently the bottleneck may shift from o
machine. The shifting bottleneck detection method determines the bottleneck based on the duration a machine is active wit
is very robust, easy to apply and able to detect the primary and secondary bottlenecks in a wide range of production system
The
paper presents
experience
and steady
recommendations
for effective
simulation
application gained
from many
o
simulation
to predictsome
bottlenecks
for both
state and variable
systems.
The measurement
of the likelihood
ofprojects
a machin
and
logistic systems.regarding
The improvement
possibilities
in a flexible
manufacturing system are demonstrated. Seven improveme
the decision-making
the allocation
of the available
resources.
using simulation and a Taguchi plan of experiments. Finally, the influence of various control strategies (MRP, Load Oriented C
Kanban) on the manufacturing system parameters is presented.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

This article is a report on a Delphi study undertaken to determine the critical inhibiting factors (constraints) in the teaching a
in South Africa. It is part of a larger project premised on the Theory of Constraints that aims at determining the constraints a
them. The Delphi technique as a technique for polling expert opinion is briefly described. For this study the opinions of two p
constraints for the humanities have been polled. Twenty-one constraints were identified to a high degree of reliability. The st
language and reading skills are of the utmost importance. It also confirms that the humanities should profile their contributio
Physical
Management
initiatives
suffer
barriers
in implementation
that can hinder their influence and sust
and learnAsset
to deal
effectively (PAM)
with the
utilitarian
and many
vocational
challenges
they face today.
barriers is the lack of buy-in from all levels in the organisation, due to a lack of understanding of the perceived benefits of PA
in a PAM project is achieved by aligning employees' views on the deficient areas in the organisation, and managing their exp
benefits of a good application of PAM. Barriers in implementation are created, however, by the lack of a transparent method
significance of critical areas in the system and by an unclear way of communicating these problems. Typically these initiative
Abstract available
in In
"The
World
of the
Theory of
available
resources.
order
for PAM
initiatives
toConstraints"
be successful, there first needs to be an alignment in the execution throug
which assets are critical, so that resources can be allocated effectively. In this study, this problem is thoroughly examined, an
seeks to isolate the effects of the maintenance function in an operation and to uncover critical areas. A study is performed o
typically used to create such understanding. This study highlights the shortcomings of these methods, which limit their appli
is therefore created in order to overcome these problems. The methodology is validated through a case study, where it show
Abstract
available
"Theand
World
of the Theory
of Constraints"
uncovering
critical in
areas
achieving
organisational
alignment through the communication of results.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

This study was carried out in a plastic workshop of a refrigerator factory to solve problems of excessive work in process. In o
manufacturing between Capacity Constrained Resources (CCR) and non-Capacity Constraint Resources (non-CCR), an approa
the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) scheduling system, which was intended for solving problems such as this. The approach was ba
integrates Wagner-Whitin's algorithm and finite loading method to determine optimum lot sizes for non-CCR machine's mate
simulation model was used to analyze whether an improved scheduling approach was appropriate or not. An experimental s
determine the time buffers.

This paper describes the findings of research in the area of Knowledge Management (KM) that is being carried out primarily a
Danwood Group in Lincoln and in collaboration with the Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University. The ma
seem to suggest a long-term company-wide programme that requires large amounts of time, effort and investment for result
come to fruition (e.g. McElroy, 2001 Ndlela and Toit, 2001). The methodology that is recommended in this paper aims to prov
whereby KM is focused on improving business processes and achieving faster tangible results as well as longer-term benefits
Good
management
is the
process
ofbeen
finding
permanent
solutions
to the dilemma
of balance
effectiveness
and
been developed
by the
authors
has
named
Accelerated
Knowledge
Management
(AKM)and
andachieving
has resulted
from the com
low
costs, financial (e.g.
goalsMorey,
and long-term
vision,
consistency
flexibility.
Modern Theory
approach
governance
requires
KM methodologies
2001 Heisig,
2001
Magnani, and
2001)
with Goldratts
of corporate
Constraints
(Goldratt and
Cox, 1a
management
relation tobased
one of
and external
elements.
The itpaper
deals with
of could
the Theory
of Co
AKM has beenindeveloped
onitsa internal
service-orientated
business
model,
is believed
that the
the application
methodology
be adapte
of
Supplymodels
Chain. The
goal
is to present
the Theory of Constraints approach with basic five steps focusing process in the
business
withmain
similar
results
expected.
management. Specifically it shows how the TOC can be used in many others areas of application.
Supply chain collaboration amongst independent firms often provides larger benefits from effectively satisfying end custome
isolation. However, a lack of awareness about the existence of constraints along the supply chain prevents the benefits of co
realised. This paper attempts to apply the theory of constraints approach to overcome difficulties in realising the potential be
collaboration. Specifically, it shows how the theory of constraints approach can be used to expose an inherent dilemma of co
collaborative replenishment policy and collaborative performance metrics so that the chain members can work together to a
The
purposeSeveral
of this paper
is to examine
the use
of V-A-T
in the management of supply chain networks. Design/meth
profitability.
opportunities
for future
research
areanalysis
recommended.
paper provides a conceptual overview of V-A-T analysis as a procedure for categorizing manufacturing facilities, and explores
a technique for the management of supply chain networks. Findings There are several challenges to the effective managem
networks. However, organizations can overcome these challenges by understanding the nature of network control points as
application of V-A-T analysis on their supply chains. Research limitations/implications The paper is conceptual in nature and
The
necessity
of providing
with both quality
products and
increasingly
times is
a major
factor in the
cre
empirical
research
studies.customers
Practical Implications
The concepts
presented
can beshort
usedlead
by supply
chain
professionals
to incr
advantage
of manufacturing
businesses.
A their
reduction
in manufacturing
cycle time
produces
a direct
effect explore
on the overall
effective supply
chain management
within
organizations,
and by supply
chain
researchers
to further
the usecycl
of
reductions
an analysis
the support
processes surrounding
themakes
shopfloor
operations
required
to gainconcerning
further reduct
examining supply
chainofnetworks.
Originality/value
The paper
a start
in fillingisaoften
void in
the literature
how
this
we define
the time
required
from
receipt of customer order through to delivery of finished product as the Job Fl
as a research
tool to facilitate
improved
supply
chain
management
documents the early stages of an action research project to reduce the cycle time of the services supporting manufacturing.
In
a mixed
push and
pull an
system,
location
of system
the slowest
linkreduced
does not
coincide
with
where
the greatest
conges
that
the majority
of time
order the
spends
in the
can be
asgenerally
most of this
time is
spent
waiting
to be processed
the ever-lengthening line of hikers thus assumes away the most difficult problem of correctly identifying the slowest link in a
slowest hiker in front, Goldratt's solution seems to imply that the exact location of the most restrictive bottleneck is critical t
rate. In fact, the location of the slowest link does not affect the throughput rate of a batch process. This paper uses a system
some of the conceptual confusion that has been created by Goldratt's counterintuitive conclusions.
The problems of business process reengineering are analyzed, and the methodology of systematic analysis and reengineerin
production systems is put forward. This methodology proposes a new classification to the constraints of production system, a
establishing work flow models based on system dynamics in order to reflect the influence of human factor on process flow, a
of process mining to trace and control the constraints. The objective of this methodology is to solve the constraints of produc
overcoming the problems caused by the transfer of the constraints, and emphasizing the role of human factors in the reengi
Production
is a complex
task in most real manufacturing settings and semiconductor manufacturing is no excepti
case study scheduling
is given to validate
the methodology.
systems, it is a challenge to determine appropriate dispatching strategies under various system conditions. Therefore, dispa
important to improve the system performance, especially for the real time control of the system. In this paper, an on-line res
combined with theory of constraints (TOC) is proposed. Genetic algorithm (GA) is for searching dispatching rule sets which p
With system conditions corresponding to dispatching rules, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier is constructed as the
This
paper puts
forward
the defections
of ERP(MRP)
when
making
production
plan indeciding
general, the
andscheduling
on the basis
of this, adva
neuro-fuzzy
inference
system
(ANFIS) prediction
model
is built
for the
sake of on-line
intervals.
The r
/DBR-based
system.Then,
this paper
mainly dis-cusses
the
appropriate
which isthe
about
the integration
of the
the proposedAPS
mechanism
to obtaining
dispatching
strategies
is an
effective solution
method dealing
product
mix problem
andAPS
co
TOC
theory
APS system,
the potential
problems
and feasible schemes between ASP and ERP are also advan-ced.Further
variation
of and
semiconductor
wafer
fabrication
systems.
promising prospects in this area, they are a TOC -based operation for manufacturing in high mix and low volume environmen
of ERP/APS/MES enterprise SCM system which is built on the core of APS.
Under multi-product and small lot-size environment, stochastic features of manufacturing systems and different products mi
difficult to use. An improved DBR scheduling method and its steps based on discrete event simulation system is proposed in
and using of simulation model and its running, the constraints can identified more correctly than ever. Taking use of Annealin
simulation and optimization software, the optimized parameters, including the time buffer coefficient, trans. lot-size, and the
operation can be determined. A production scheduling example is given which proves the validation and usability of propose
Book review
influence
on system performance made by time buffer coefficient and trans. lot-size are discussed.

citation only

Authorizing can be described as an endogenous system signal that determines whether a job release is allowed or not. Wher
scheduled in push systems, they are authorized in pull systems since pull-type manufacturing systems are controlled by dow
Traditionally, process planning and authorizing are regarded as separate tasks performed sequentially, where authorizing is i
plans have been generated. In view of the fact that their functions are usually complementary, higher productivity and respo
when they are integrated. Although the studies related with integrated process planning & scheduling (IPPS) are increasingly
best knowledge, there is no study researching the integration of process planning and authorizing. This study aims to call att
process planning and authorizing through presenting a novel model that is called integrated process planning & authorizing
implementation results of IPPA demonstrate that making the integration and hence gaining advantage through integration a
especially get in favour of IPPA because of its slight dependence on (professional) software support.

Order release is the key premise for the semiconductor wafer fabrication system to perform well, which is also one of the par
components in the scheduling strategies. Most order release strategies merely have focused on the workloadbut failed in con
influence oncycletime of common orders that is brought by unexpectedrushones. In this paper an on-linemechanismbased o
releaseusingself-Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System modelswas presentedwhich is able to adjust the release rhythmdyn
dynamics of fabs. In our approach, an ANFIS model was established to predict the ratiobetweenhotand common lotsin wafer
A
managed
is a process
whereby
a supplier maintains
anHP24
inventory
a retailer
by performed
generating and
order
onvendor
the order
releaseinventory
schedule(VMI)
in advance
. Simulated
experimentsbased
on the
modelfor
were
carefully
ex
demand
information.ofIncommon
this relationship,
the supplier
is responsible
forespecially
maintaining
theitretailers
levels
transp
better performance
lotsthan original
TOC on
a large scale,
when
comes toinventory
the situation
ofand
disturbanc
costs. The performance measurements that are associated with the theory of constraints (TOC) have been widely advocated
operational objectives to the global goals of an organization. In this paper, we use a case study of the Procter & Gamble to il
TOC in VMI. The results show that the quality of service and the inventory level can be improved.
Constraint programming is a paradigm wherein relations between variables are stated in the form of constraints. Many real l
uncertain and dynamic environments, where the initial constraints and domains may change during its execution. Thus, the
problem may become invalid. The search for robust solutions for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) has become an imp
constraint programming. In some cases, there exists knowledge about the uncertain and dynamic environment. In other cas
unknown or hard to obtain. In this paper, we consider CSPs with discrete and ordered domains where changes only involve re
Abstract available
in "The
of the
of Constraints"
domains
or constraints.
To World
this end,
we Theory
model CSPs
as weighted CSPs (WCSPs) by assigning weights to each valid tuple of th
domains. The weight of each valid tuple is based on its distance from the borders of the space of valid tuples in the correspo
distance is estimated by a new concept introduced in this paper: coverings. Thus, the best solution for the modeled WCSP ca
robust solution for the original CSP according to these assumptions.

In a competitive market, a company needs to utilize its available capacity efficiently in order to acquire high profit. The purpo
effective approaches to find a set of product mix optimal for the company to achieve the optimal manufacturing. Analytic hie
analytic network process (ANP) approaches are taken to analyse multiple process inputs and outputs, incorporating experts
importance, to obtain optimal product mixes for semiconductor production. The results provide guidance to the fabricator re
accepting orders to maximize the manufacturing efficiency and the profit, while simultaneously considering other important
In
recent years,
theory of constraints
(TOC) has emerged as an effective management philosophy that has successfully tackl
maintaining
manufacturing
smoothness.
maximization with known demonstrated bottleneck in traditional as well as modern manufacturing plants. One of the key com
is to enumerate quantity of the various products to be produced keeping in view the system constraints and this is termed a
decision problem. It is a well-known computationally complex problem and thus warrants the application of heuristics techniq
tools to achieve near optimal solutions in real time. To accomplish this objective a new algorithm, Psycho-Clonal has been pr
In
this paper,
we discuss
a dynamic
parallel
machine
scheduling
problem
with sequence-dependant
times an
principle
of artificial
immune
systemunrelated
and behavioral
theory,
namely
Maslow's
need hierarchy
theory. Intensive setup
computationa
consideration.
apply the of
Q-Learning
wea convert
the scheduling
problem
reinforcement
learning
problems
b
carried out andTosuperiority
proposed algorithm,
heuristic on
given dataset
is established.
It isinto
observed
that results
obtained
are be
decision
process
definition
of state
representation,
the reward
We use
fiveand
heuris
been achieved
by(SMDP),
the TOCincluding
heuristic,the
revised
theory
of constraint
heuristicactions
(RTOC and
), integer
linear function.
programming
(ILP),
tab
WCOVERT, RATCS and LFJ-WCOVERT, as actions and prove the equivalence of the reward function and the scheduling objecti
weighted tardiness. We carry out computational experiments to examine the performance of the Q-Learning algorithm and th
The
product
is one
of the
most important
problems
in production
systems.
Several
determine
thea
results
show mix
thatproblem
Q-Learning
always
outperforms
all heuristics
remarkably.
Averaged
over
all testalgorithms
problems,to
the
Q-Learning
of
constraintsimprovements
have been developed.
Most
of the WCOVERT,
previous works
focused
on one bottleneck (dominant bottleneck) and consid
performance
over WSPT,
WMDD,
RATCS
and LFJ-WCOVERT
problem with exact data. In this paper, all bottlenecks are used in order to determine the aggregated priority of each produc
decision-making approach is proposed for product mix problem with interval parameters. The proposed approach involves bo
determination of the production priority and the weights vector of bottlenecks, application of interval TOPSIS to calculate the
Abstract and
available
"The World
the Theory
of Constraints"
product,
use ofinreducing
andofincreasing
process
to improve the production plan. At the end, a numerical example is pres
procedure of the proposed approach. The results obtained from the computational study have shown that the proposed algo
to solve the product mix problem.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Modern management philosophies, such as just in time (JIT), the theory of constraints (TOC) and total quality management (
emphasis on operations management. These approaches create techniques and procedures for effective flow of materials, b
tools to consider the economic outcomes of the various alternatives. This paper applies the cost/utilization model to the anal
materials flow. The model combines the Pareto approach with the TOC approach. The Pareto approach concentrates on the im
of the organization. TOC focuses on the organization's constraints. It is presented in a simple graphic display aimed to allow
The
issue of
setup time
has received
a great
deal of
effort during
the pastimproper
decade. fluctuations
Most of the related
literature
has
constraint
resources,
detect
faults in the
planning
of research
the production
line, examine
in the process
and
p
reduce
setup time, also referred
to as quick
changeover.
First,
rather
setup policy,
time reductions
at all
model isthe
a top-management
decision-support
tool
that may be
applied
in than
areasanalysing
such as buffer
assessment
of workcen
protecti
improvements,
the paper
suggests focusing
such effortsofonareas
bottleneck
resources. Second, the results of this study conclude
production resources
and identification
and priorization
for improvement.
information needed for finite scheduling is missing from the existing MRP database. The missing data field is a code to repre
Current systems infer that setup time is an independent variable that is different for each manufactured inventory item. The
This
discusses
of the
of Constraints
(TOC)
in the process
flow industry
andprocedures
compares TOC
to th
setuppaper
procedure,
andthe
theapplicability
required time,
can Theory
be the same
for multiple
inventory
items. Identifying
these
can lead
Drum-Buffer-Rope
altered
to meet the
needs
of the
process required
flow environment.
Guidelines
for
the strategic loc
schedules that canmethodology
improve due is
date
performance
and/or
reduce
overtime
to meet promised
ship
dates.
the reduced WIP inventory levels are provided

This paper presents a strategic master production scheduling (SMPS) model which makes a structured connection between t
manufacturing and execution of the production plan. In creating this missing link, the model incorporates principles of the th
programming, utility theory and the analytical hierarchy process. A formulation of the SMPS model is presented and illustrate
can work in a real situation. The SMPS model is appropriate for make to order and make to stock production environments
presented for each environment. A special technique for resource availability planning is presented using the de novo progra
Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy which is focused on the weakest ring(s) in the chain to improve the
Companies, whether they are in the production or service sector should be more focused on understanding their own structu
survive in a global competition. In this situation, TOC becomes an important problem structuring and solving methodology w
thinking of managers. Since the TOC first put forth by Goldratt (1984) in his novel The Goal, the theory has drawn wide atten
academic researchers. This study provides a review of the TOC evolution literature by its five era the optimized product tech
A
variety syndrome
of methodologies
for process
These
Sigma, Lean
Management,
Leanconcep
Six Sig
haystack
era, theare
it'savailable
not luck era
and the improvement.
critical chain era.
Ourinclude
search Six
at historical
background
and basic
engineering,
Total
Quality
Management,
Kaizen,
Poka-Yoka,
this philosophy
evolves
through
time andJust-In-Time,
how the main
pointHoshin
of TOC Planning,
researches
changes.Design of Experiments, and Proces
all seem to have one of these that they claim is the best. The large number of competing approaches, all claiming to be the
goal, can leave any organization at a loss as to how to decide which is best for them. In this paper, these methodologies are
common characteristics are developed. Implementation requirements for each are examined next. The same is done for orga
The
make-or-buy
decision
has traditionally
been
made using
standard
cost accounting
Journal,
Gardiner
andb
characteristics
and
implementation
needs and
limitations.
The
methodologies
are thenmethods.
comparedIninthis
terms
of how
each can
strong
for incorporating
bottleneck
capacity
into the decision.
However,
their method
dideach
not guarantee
the satisfie
best so
systemcase
is developed,
where athe
company
can list
its implementation
criteria
and measure
how well
methodology
complicated
make-or-buyas
problem.
their approach
inbest
some
allowed organizations
opportunities
make recommendations
to whichAdditionally,
type of methodology
should
becases
implemented
in which type to
of forego
organization
under w
the publication of the Gardiner and Blackstone research, spreadsheets with in-built Linear Programming (LP) based optimizer
analyses that encourage efforts toward optimal solutions for complicated problems. This article is a review and update of the
book review based on spreadsheet LP that provides enhanced solutions in complex environments with multiple products an
methodology
Specific managerial implications are offered.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

In this authoritative volume, the world's top Theory of Constraints (TOC) experts reveal how to implement the ground-breaki
improvement methodology developed by Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt. Theory of Constraints Handbook offers an in-depth examin
concept of bringing about global organizational performance improvement by focusing on a few leverage points of the syste
supplemented by examples and case studies define how the theory works, why it works, what issues are resolved, and what
demonstrate how TOC can be applied to different industries and situations. -- "The secret of being a good scientist, I believe,
We have enough. We simply need to look at reality and think logically and precisely about what we see. The key ingredient is
inconsistencies between what we see and deduce and the way things are done. This challenging of basic assumptions is ess
Almost everyone who has worked in a plant is at least uneasy about the use of cost accounting efficiencies to control our act
this sacred cow directly. Progress in understanding requires that we challenge basic assumptions about how the world is and
better understand our world and the principles that govern it, I suspect all our lives will be better."---Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt,
Abstract available
in "The
World of the
Constraints,
from his
introductionto
theTheory
Goal -- of
AsConstraints"
the developer of the Theory of Constraints (TOC), Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt b
to the problems and needs of business, private sector organizations, and individuals. His scientific approach has led to the b
paradigms and the development of new simplified approaches to managing systems. In Theory of Constraints Handbook, the
concepts are seen in action. --Book Jacket.
No Abstract

The presentation and facilitated session describe the evolution of TOC from OPT, drum-buffer-rope (DBR), buffer managemen
buffer-rope (SDBR) and make-to-availability (MTA) and reliable and rapid replenishment (RRR) strategy and tactics (S&T) tree
make-to order (MTO) are provided. A MTA, MTO (MTA/MTS/RRR S&T) overview is provided.

TOC focuses an organization on its bottlenecks and proposes to buffer them from upstream problems so that they don't wast
material to work on. Just this small part of the overall TOC reasoning is a very powerful way to show a company that practice
inject some TOC into their approach. We present a 2011 case study of a factory in Mexico of one of the leanest and biggest a
in the world in which for instance throughput was increased by 17% in 1 hour on the pilot production line and over 25% in 2
plant. Those results convinced the firm to integrate TOC into their X production system that was previously pure Toyota style
This presentation is a case study of Adirondack Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic and their first (achieved by using TOC /le
(achieved by using the transformational strategy and tactic (S&T) tree and the decisive competitive edges of reliability and r
Gary Wadhwa, MD, provided his background in education, in business, operations, lean, six sigma, system dynamics, balanc
constraints, etc. and how he implemented these tools at his practice to transform them from a break-even practice to makin
profit each year. He discusses the use of throughput accounting and the transformational S&T tree to determine the impact o
The
approach
to commitment
to availability.
- the
assumptions
behind
the TOC technique.
and strategic
eventually
how to free
up enough capacity
to alsoReplenish-to-availability
do 30-40% pro-bono work
while
still making
high profits.
commitment to availability. Dynamic buffer management (DBM) advantages and limitations. Managing clients that are not
suppliers the role of throughput value days (TVD). The full picture of managing the supply chains.
Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Changes in organizational life force senior managers to rethink constantly their solutions to managerial problems and to exa
accumulate knowledge. This study explores the integration of policy and practice as a response to change whereby the polic
mind-shift while preventing mind-set. The objective of this study is to find a new direction in quality management, by challen
changing construct reality in mental models. A policy resolution model is proposed to reconstruct reality based on the theory
process of policy resolution is appreciative policy aimed at generating supportive policies. Interactive policy is the second pro
In
this case history,
we
detail
howprocess
one company
implemented
Goldratt's
conceptsisof
drum, buffer,
together
with knowle
some
participants
to buy-in
the
change
based on
appreciative
policy. Dialogue
introduced
as a rope,
process
to acquire
vendors
to achieve
a just-in-time
policy.
The difficulties
encountered
in the implementation
are
described
model. Thus,
the policy
resolutioninventory
model allows
senior
managers to
examine continually
organizational
practice
andtogether
portray
program:
increased
sales volume,
profits
and
return
onofassets.
It is important
noteworthy
that these results were achiev
organizational
performance
that will
satisfy
the
needs
the inquiry
and off erand
ways
for improvement.
culture changes and training at the lowest levels of the organization usually associated with total quality management progr
even without the potential benefits from enlisting the lowest levels of the organization, Goldratt's concepts are sufficiently po
Process
is frequently
discussed
as a series
of on-going
analysis
and implementation
it is ofte
benefits improvement
to an organization.
There also
is evidence
that such
gains may
be tenuous,
or short term, stages.
withoutHowever,
all employees'
lon
performance
trade-offs
cumulative
of sequential
decisions.
Thisimprovement
paper takes aprograms.
simple production system and
engendered by
training and
and the
engaging
them impact
in problem
solving and
continuous
can be quantitatively evaluated using rapid modeling software. Rapid modeling, which uses queueing relationships to repres
shown to be an effective tool for gaining an understanding of performance trade-offs. Further, the effects that a path of decis
process inventory, resource utilizations and product lead times can be studied.
Small businesses constantly face challenges as they respond to changing environmental factors such as the emergence of w
clouts, depth and range of better quality products and demand for faster delivery times. In order to survive and prosper, sma
redesign themselves for successful and sustained innovations. The implementation of evolving management philosophies su
can provide an effective opportunity for them to compete and lead. The purpose of this paper is to accentuate the distinctive
constraints framework consisting of 3Ms (mindset, measurements and methodology) in a simple way that will assist the sma
The
manufacture
of high-quality
cars at
comparatively
low-cost
hasmanagers
gradually should
become
the mainstream.
study designs
in the
implementation.
The proposed
framework
suggests
that the
have:
(i) a mindsetOur
of 'making'
moneyain
activity-based
costing
(TDABC) ofinstead
performance-oriented
systemsthrough
using the
bottleneck-breaking
concept
of theory
constrai
focus on 'increasing
throughput'
of 'reducing expenses',
recognition
and attention
and (III)
implicitof'focused'
provide
and relevant
operation
resources
and cost'at
management,
which
is an urgent
issue.primarily
Through and
ap
method timely
to manage
businessinformation
constraints on
instead
of improving
processes
random'. Using
a simple
case study
we
further
integrate(where
cost concepts
into
informationhow
system
of the enterprise
to achieve
the following
objects:
the co
business
examples
possible),
wethe
demonstrate
the theory
of constraints
based framework
helps
small First,
business
m
limited
resources
on thebetter
main problem
operations
to effectively
solve new
the inconsistency
betweenoutsourcing/pu
individual dep
by making
significantly
decisionsofinbottleneck
strategic areas
like product
mix, pricing,
product introduction,
The
Theory
of conclude
Constraints
a good
strategy
for
improving
Supply Chain
According
to Karen
Kroll
ofresearch
Kroll
Com
of
the
company.
Second,our
in(TOC)
business
process
management,
the company
leads
all
operation
processes
toM.follow
three
major
decisions.
We
paperisby
acknowledging
a few
shortcomings
of
our Flow.
paper
and discussing
some
future
d
that
every
business has at leastunits
one are
resource
that
preventing
from makingand
infinite
profits.ofThe
critical
of time and
Third,
the production-planning
assisted
inisapplying
the it
specifications
definition
product
to factors
the manufacturing
Francis.
relevant
to companies
development.
Fourth, intoday.
the delivery time, the production and management units are assisted in giving priority to the bottlen
rush orders. Finally, in process improvement, improving bottleneck operations fast is the key for overall profits of the corpora

It is essential for local traffic jurisdictions to systematically spot freeway bottlenecks and proactively deploy appropriate cong
However, diagnostic results may be influenced by unreliable measurements, analysts subjective knowledge and day-to-day
order to suitably address these uncertainties and imprecise data, this study proposes a fuzzy-logic-based approach for bottle
urban sensor networks. A dynamic bottleneck identification model is first proposed to identify bottleneck locations, and a fuz
proposed to systematically diagnose the severities of the identified recurring and non-recurring bottlenecks by incorporating
Abstract
availableSample
in "The data
Worldover
of the
Theory of
Constraints"
traffic
conditions.
a 1-month
period
on an urban freeway in Northern Virginia was used as a case study for
reveal that the proposed approach can reasonably determine bottleneck severities and critical links, accounting for both spa
sensor network.

In early 1995, Harris Semiconductor's Findlay plant embarked on the process of developing the TOC Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR)
wafer fabs, using a reentrant bottleneck, in which the product passes through the bottleneck multiple times. We formed a lea
generic production application to our unique situation and learned much about how to apply each of the components of DBR
situation. For example, to determine how many wafers to start each week, we determine the total bottleneck moves for the
average number of bottleneck repetitions per wafer, and adjust for yield. For the past three years, our plant has been using
Introduction
While
emergency
(ED)has
crowding
hasseveral
myriadtimes,
causesthough
and negative
downstream
applying
sy
evolved greatly.
During
that time,department
our bottleneck
changed
we chose
to maintaineffects,
the formal
bottlen
and
targeting
throughput
remains
a potential
solution
increase
functional
However,
the most
effectiveoutstripped
technique
addition,
we have
gone through
several
periods
whereto
the
constraint
shifted capacity.
to the market,
in which
our capacity
ED
remain
unclear.
We examined
the hypothesis
reorganization
of Fast Track
process
flow would improve
focusing
steps,
we doubled
bottleneck
capacity inthat
ourLean-based
focus fab over
this time. Activities
around
the improvement
includedlen
d
patients
within one hour,
and room
use, without
added
expense.
This study
was aat
prospective,
contt
operationdischarged
from a non-bottleneck
operation,
modifying
operator
shifts
and workMethods
rules, improving
capability
the bottleneck
analysis
Fast
Track
process
improvements
in non-bottleneck
a Level 1 tertiary
care academic
medical
annual
patient
projects, of
and
using
critical
ratio
to schedule all
operations.
Though
it tookcenter
some with
time >95,000
to change
the mind
set,
Services
nowfabs
account
forstudy
a and
larger
the economy
than
manufacturing forand
every
nation
Earth. But
is still a lat
patients
seen
during
the
periods
of of
6/201010/2010
and 6/201110/2011,
data
were on
collected
fromthere
an electronic
operate our
in Findlay
theportion
results
speak
for themselves.
researches
and studies
toin
help
prosper
the
service
In this group.
paper, The
we investigate
the
functions,
and developm
concurrent patients
seen
another
care
area
usedfirms.
as a control
intervention
consisted
of contents
a simple reorganization
Planning
and Control
then construct
an integrated
system including
for servicequeuing
firms according
to their distinctive
charactera
existing rooms,
based(PPC),
in systems
engineering
science andPPC
modeling,
theory, demand-capacity
matching,
process,
and set
up an evaluation
index
system
for the Primary
integrated
MRPII/JIT/TOC
system
improve their
efficiency
and of
perfo
modifications
to staffing
or physical
space
were made.
outcomes
included
LOS oftodischarged
patients,
percent
pa
hour, and time in exam room. We compared LOS and exam room time using Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and chi-square tests fo
This
paper aims
toone
introduce
(SD)
applying Drum
Buffer
Rope
(DBR)
methodology
of Theory
of Constrain
discharged
within
hour. System
ResultsDynamics
Following
theinintervention,
median
LOS
among
discharged
patients
was reduced
by 1
flow
shop
thatp<0.0001).
produces aThe
single
product.
To the best
of our knowledge,
although
a lot6.9%
of TOC
applications
95%CI
12 system
to 19 min,
number
of patients
discharged
in <1 hr increased
bythere
2.8%are
(from
to 9.7%,
95%CI u
production
with
DBR
methodology,
there are(90
nottoany
of38
DBR
methodology
scheduli
and medianscheduling
exam room
time
decreased
by 34 minutes
56 TOC
min, application
95%CI 31 to
min,
p<0.0001).in
Inproduction
comparison,
the co
We
firstly
present
a
conceptual
model
of
the
production
planning
and
control
and
raw
material
procurement
processes
a fl
LOS (265 to 267 min) or proportion of patients discharged in <1 hr (2.9% to 2.9%), and an increase in exam room time of
(28
t
concept
of theInCapacity
Constraint
Resource
(CCR),
which is the
corner stoneofofpatient
the TOC
philosophy.
we present
the st
Conclusion
this single
center trial,
a focused
Lean-based
reorganization
flow
improved Then,
Fast Track
ED performa
There
isunder
a range
of methodologies
andresults
techniques
at
the
effectiveness
efficiency
operational
activity
system
study.
According
to the
ofapplication
an aimed
illustrative
example,
it reveals
that
theand
driving
force of
the production
and
without
added
expense.
Broad multi-centered
of improving
systems
engineering
science
might
further
improve
ED throughp
process
reengineering,
totalisquality
and
organisation
development.
from each
other inas
how
processes
of the flow shop
its CCRmanagement
schedule. The
system
response
to pulse and Such
wavymethods
changes differ
in demand
is examined
w
achieved
and implemented
and evenof
what
improve. In
this paperapproach
a number
improvement
together
with their
the simulation
results, the efficiency
DBRtoproduction
scheduling
is of
contrasted
with methods,
the well known
anchoring
and
processes,
Sterman. are discussed. It becomes apparent from a review of these methods, based on the literature available, that none
particularly adept at identifying what to improve - how to find potential improvement areas. The paper describes a performa
Abstract available
in "The
Worldtooffillthe
Theory
of Constraints"
measurement
model
designed
this
gap they
are guides as to what to analyse and how to measure in improvement wor

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

Dr Eliyahu Goldratt has done the pioneering work in the development of Theory of Constraints. Since then, many more resea
working to enhance this body of knowledge. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compile the salient features of this
Goldratt and other researchers. This paper will provide a good starting point to the potential researchers interested to work i
paper will also help the practicing managers by clarifying their concepts on the theory and will facilitate its successful implem
areas.
Theory of Constraints has been emerging as an important tool for optimization of manufacturing / service systems. Goldratt
gave the introduction on Theory of Constraints and its applications in a factory scenario. After the success of this book, he w
has tried to extend the application of TOC to other functional areas like Marketing Management and to the Management of a
companies. This paper summarizes the key findings from Goal-II. In this paper, the drawbacks of many conventional strategi
highlighted and the features of good Marketing strategies are presented. Similarity between Goldratts concept of positives a
Theory
Constraintsinhas
emerging
as an
important
optimization
manufacturing/service
Goldrattof
in
and theof
components
thebeen
Jurans
definition
of Quality
aretool
alsofor
highlighted.
Theofbook
highlights that the systems.
five step process
gave
theprocess
introduction
onsuccessfully
Theory of Constraints
and the
its applications
in a factory
scenario.
A large
number of production mana
thinking
can be
used to break
marketing constraint
facing
any type
of company
this book but only a few could implement it in their plants because the book did not explain the steps to implement TOC in th
limitations, Goldratt wrote this book to explain TOC , DBR and the method to implement it. In this paper, an attempt has bee
salient features of TOC and DBR listed in the book and the correct approach to implement TOC in a factory setting. The simu
Abstract
in "The
of the Theory
Constraints"
book
wasavailable
actually used
byWorld
the authors
and theof
claim
of Goldratt regarding the use of DBR and Buffer management to ease t
managers was tested and was found to be correct.

Abstract available in "The World of the Theory of Constraints"

This work contains one of the most complete descriptions of the Theory of Constraints among the currently available works w
name. The basis of the paper is to show how MRP can be incorporated into a TOC management system. However the bulk of
outlining the methodologies of TOC . The key differences between TOC and MRP are discussed in relation to a manufacturing
brevity, the topics Smith covers in this work are listed below, as an alternative to a complete summary which would be exces
is well researched and contains many references to published academic articles on TOC . TOC Accounting Measures Capacity
Influence of a constraint on system output Scheduling approaches of TOC and MRP Lead-times Transfer and Process Batch si
placement including discussion about assembly and shipping buffers Set-up reduction TOC advantages over JIT Combining T
relationships with suppliers Inventory control Quality improvement Management education Resistance to change Identifying
production schedule Creating buffers Results of implementation of TOC at several manufacturing plants are given. The result
These results are consistent with the findings of other authors who document the implementation of TOC . Typically work in p
reduced, on time delivery improved, quality improved, earnings improved and use of over time was reduced.

This article presents production planning in conditions of limited productive resources. We used the Theory of Constraints for
allows to detect constrains and provides the methods focused on the limitations and effectively managing the constrains to i
production system. Restrictions (bottlenecks) may apply to the availability or throughput of the resource or group of stocks t
specific operation. These limitations must be taken into consideration when creating the production schedule. Theory of Con
the Drum-Buffer-Rope (DBR) algorithm and its implementation is described in this paper.
An improved DBR scheduling method and its steps based on discrete event simulation system was proposed. By means of si
running, the constraint can be identified more correctly in order to locate the buffers. Taking use of annealing algorithm emb
optimization software, the optimized parameters, including the time buffer coefficient, transportation lot-size, can be determ
able on constraints and non-constraints resources can be determined. A production scheduling example is given, which prov
of the proposed method.
No abstract

An analysis of Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) Depot Level Maintenance is conducted to examine the scheduled mainenance cyc
determine potential inefficiencies related to cost or time. Performance is measured by analyzing costs, cycle time, quality, av
Current operations in Iraq are considered for effects on depot level maintenance, depot capacity, and operational availability
implications in determining whether depot level maintenance should be conducted at Barstow, California or Albany, Georgia,
now.
Competition between manufacturing companies is constantly increasing and this causes high demands on product quality a
in time. For companies to be able to reach these goals it is necessary to work with development and continuous improveme
current pace of the market. This can be achieved in different ways, but a common method is to work with improvement met
improvement methodologies to use depends on a companys manufacturing, knowledge, and resources. Many organisation
improvement methodologies for their particular organisation and ask the question: Which method is best suited for our org
The
field
ofexamine
simulation
has developed
such
a way that
is Theory
now possible
to build acan
model
that approaches
reality.
Recent
tec
study
is to
whether
and how in
Lean
Production
and
of Constraints
be utilized
in companies
with
high-mix
move
aheada to
see the review
results of
a simulation
experiment
merging
the formal
approach
with virtual
scenarios.
A method
thaT
performing
literature
and
a case study
the following
questions
have been
answered:
1) how
Lean production
and
particular
service, formulate
discrete-event
model,
evaluate 2)
and
execute
a formal simulation
experiment
producin
utilized in hospital
a HMLV production
system a
and
how they can
be combined,
how
the production
flow is controlled
according
to L
this
paper. Recent
upgrades
results points
to the direction
to considering
different views
of the
most important
involv
Constraints
to improve
the efficiency
of a production
process
in a HMLV company,
3) what
personal
paradigmsparties
and policys
objective
thisTheory
paper is
describe ainsimulation
carriedand
out what
by a group
of twenty OR
post- graduate
at the
Federal
Productionofand
of to
Constraints
HMLV company
the relationship
between
these andstudents
quality is.
Results
from
This
analyzes
application
of and
Constraints
Theory
in
presented
thedeelectronic
of three
COPPE.
Theshow
medicine
distribution
system
ofitsthe
pharmacy
of papers
a Navy
Hospital
ininRio
Janeiro
isproceedings
evaluated
and
a simulation
case article
study
thatthe
Lean
Production
tools
are possible
to use
in a combination
with Theory
of Constraints
inscientifi
HMLV c
area
(Brazilian
Congress
of
Costs,
Meeting
Congress
ANPAD
USP Controller
and
from
1994
The
rese
model
is based
upon the
integration,
at theand
same
level
importance,
ofand
the its
viewpoint
of three of
theTheory
most to
important
entitie
exceptions.
However
there
is
no exceptions
saying
that of
Lean
Production
toolsAccounting)
combined
with
of2010.
Constraints
c
content
analysis
with
a quantitative
approach
a
non-probabilistic
sample
per
of articles
dealing
exclusively
with
this
th
distribution
process:
The
patient,
attendants
and
thefor
medication
logistics.
Ittrial
isresults
argued
thatshowed
the synchronization
of the
life
companies.
These
exceptions
onlythe
need
to bein
adjusted
HMLV production.
The
also
that
standardized
work
research
technique
case to
study.
It canthe
be performance
observed
that
theofentities
studies,
50%
private,
18.2%
entities
could
contribute
improve
ofamong
the
models.
The
principles
of
thewere
method
have
been were
largely
used 4.5
to
plays a crucial
role when
combining
Lean
production
with
Theory
Constraints.
Standardized
work
contributes
topublic,
facilitatio
of
cases did
report
the type
of that
organization
studiedflow
regarding
size, 18%using
were methods
micro enterprises,
companies
were 9
operation
of not
several
public
hospitals.
implementation.
TheBrazilian
results
show
the production
can be adjusted
from Leanlarge
Production
and Theory
not
possible
the these
size oftwo
the methodologies.
entity, as to theFurthermore,
economic sector
of activity,
50%that
belonged
to cases
the industrial
sector, 32
is done
best to
by identify
combining
the results
showed
in many
new investments
and
18% was
public administration.
to thesuch
type as
of personal
enforcement
of TOC, and
accounting
was usedThe
in 50%
equipment
arepart
not of
necessary.
This assumesWith
that regard
bottlenecks,
paradigms
policies gains
are identified.
re
the
reasoning
the combined
method
of drum-lung-string
with accounting
earnings with 14 % and the met
directly
linked process
to thesewith
two 27%,
bottlenecks
and that
an investment
in management
is preferable.
Several contributions arising from the enforcement of TOC were highlighted by the studies analyzed. Among them, the stood
the process of decision making and increased profitability. The study shows that the TOC be a tool that contributes to the ou
various types, sizes and sectors of economic activity. Keywords: Drum-Buffer-Rope Accounting Gains Reasoning Process. E
da Teoria das Restries em trabalhos apresentados nos anais eletrnicos de trs eventos cientficos da rea contbil (Congr
Encontro da ANPAD e Congresso USP de Controladoria e Contabilidade) entre os anos de 1994 e 2010. A metodologia de pes
como referncia principal a anlise de contedo com abordagem quantitativa numa amostra no probabilstica por julgamen
exclusivamente dessa teoria e que utilizaram como ferramenta de pesquisa a tcnica de estudo de caso. Pode-se observar q
estudadas eram privadas, 18,2% eram pblicas, 4,5% eram entidades sem fins lucrativos e 27,3% dos casos no informou o
quanto ao porte, 18% eram microempresas, 9% eram grandes empresas e em 73% dos casos no foi possvel identificar o p
setor econmico de atuao, 50% pertenciam ao setor industrial, 32% pertenciam ao setor de servio e 18% fazia parte da a
diz respeito ao tipo de aplicao da TOC, a contabilidade de ganhos foi utilizada em 50% dos estudos de caso, seguido do pr
27%, da conjugao do mtodo tambor-pulmo-corda com a contabilidade de ganhos com 14% e do mtodo tambor-pulmo
contribuies decorrentes da aplicao da TOC foram apontadas pelos estudos analisados. Dentre elas, destacou-se o aperfe
tomada de deciso e o aumento da rentabilidade das empresas. O estudo revela ser a TOC uma ferramenta que contribui pa
organizaes de diversos tipos, portes e segmentos econmicos de atuao.Palavras-chave: Theory of Constraints (TOC) Tam
Contabilidade de Ganhos Processo de Raciocnio.Constraints Theory (Toc): an Analysis of Case Studies Avaiable in Conferenc
article analyzes the application of Constraints Theory in papers presented in the electronic proceedings of three scientific ev
(Brazilian Congress of Costs, Meeting and Congress ANPAD USP Controller and Accounting) from 1994 to 2010. The research
content analysis with a quantitative approach in a non-probabilistic sample per trial of articles dealing exclusively with this th
research technique case study. It can be observed that among the entities studies, 50% were private, 18.2% were public, 4.5
of cases did not report the type of organization studied regarding size, 18% were micro enterprises, large companies were 9
not possible to identify the size of the entity, as to the economic sector of activity, 50% belonged to the industrial sector, 32
and 18% was part of public administration. With regard to the type of enforcement of TOC, accounting gains was used in 50%
the reasoning process with 27%, the combined method of drum-lung-string with accounting earnings with 14 % and the met
Several contributions arising from the enforcement of TOC were highlighted by the studies analyzed. Among them, the stood
the process of decision making and increased profitability. The study shows that the TOC be a tool that contributes to the ou
various types, sizes and sectors of economic activity.

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