Torque is a moment that tends to twist a member and generally it
produced torsion. By doing this experiment, the relationship between torque and degree of rotation can be determined and presented graphically to investigate some other parameters such as shear strain(), shear stress() and modulus of rigidity(G). The modulus of rigidity that is determined from the slope of graph shear stress versus shear strain is then compared to the theoretical value which is 70Gpa. Moreover, torsion experiment also can be used to determine the characteristic of the material used and then we can easily specified the group of the material either brittle or ductile based on it fracture surface. In order to perform this test, the specimen is mounted onto a torsion testing machine and the twisting moment is applied until break or failure.
Introduction
Torsion generally occurs due to twisting moment or torque that is
subjected to a shaft or a member. When external torque is applied to a member, it creates corresponding internal torque within the member and also produces a distribution of stresses. Twisting moment or torque is the product of tangential force multiplied with the radial distance from the twisting axis. In order to determine the characteristic or properties of materials, torsion test is very important. While in mechanical world, this area of research is important as engineers need to know the strength of materials they are going to use, the ability of the materials to withstand highest torsional force. Besides, torsion test also conducted to test the applicability of the material in field. It is very common for all kind of materials experience torsion in various operations, such as a drive shaft and twisted drills axles. This kind of operations are obviously need very high strength and also able to withstand torque over and over. In our set up, we were to identify modulus of rigidity (G), maximum shear stress (), shear strain () and their relationship. Comparison with theoretical value was also done in order to understand and determine the characteristic of our specimen. The basic formula used for this test is:
= Where: = Angle of twist
TL JG
T = Torque L = Length of the specimen J = Polar moment of inertia G = modulus of rigidity