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Physical quantity
Base quantity
Derived quantity

Scalar quantity
Vector quantity
Inertia
Momentum
Principle of conservation of
momentum

Impulse
Impulsive force
Force
Newtons first law of motion

Newtons second law of motion

Newtons third law of motion

Energy
Work done

Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Principle of conservation of energy

Power
Efficiency
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Elasticity

Hookes Law

Elastic limit

Quantity that can be measured


Quantity that cannot be defined in
other terms of physical quantities.
Quantity that can be defined in other
terms of physical quantities by either
multiplication or division or both.
Quantity with magnitude only
Quantity with both magnitude and
direction.
Tendency of an object to resist the
sudden change acting on the system.
Product of mass and velocity
States that in a close system, total
momentum before collision is equal to
the total momentum after the collision
such that the total momentum is
conserved
Change of momentum
Rate of change of momentum
Product of mass and acceleration
States that a body continues in state
of rest or uniform velocity in straight
line unless acted upon by an external
force
States that the rate of change of
momentum of moving object is
directly proportional to and in the
same direction as the force acting on
it.
States that if one body exerts a force
on another, there is an equal but
opposite force called reaction exerted
on the first body by the second.
Ability to do work
Product of force and displacement
which is parallel to the displacement
of the object
Energy possessed by the object due to
its position or location
Energy possessed by the object due to
its condition of movement
States that in a closed system, the
energy cannot be created or
destroyed but it can be changed from
one form to another form that is the
total energy being conserved.
Rate of work done
Ratio of output work done to the input
energy supplied by the system.
Property of an object that enables it to
return to its original size and shape
after the force applied is remove.
Extension of a spring is directly
proportional to the force applied
provided the elastic limit of the spring
is not exceeded.
Maximum force that can be applied to
a spring such that the spring will be
able to restore its original length after
the force is removed.

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Oscillation

To and fro movement along a fixed


path.

Oscillating system

System that undergoes a periodic to


and fro movement
Time taken to complete one oscillation
Number of complete oscillations made
in one second
Maximum displacement from the
equilibrium position
Loss of energy from an oscillating
system to the surroundings
Oscillation where its amplitude
decrease with time but the frequency
remains constant and vibration comes
to a stop
Phenomenon occurs when the
frequency of an external force
matches the natural frequency of an
oscillating system which causes
system to oscillate with maximum
amplitude.
Oscillation caused by external force
acting on the system.
Transfer of energy through vibration or
oscillation
Transfer or energy without transferring
matter
Waves that requires a medium for
propagation
Waves that do not require a medium
for propagation
Waves with vibrations perpendicular
to the direction of propagation of the
waves.
Waves with vibrations parallel to the
direction of propagation of the waves.
Region of high air pressure where air
molecules are close to each other.
Region of low air pressure where air
molecules are further apart from each
other.
Imaginary line connecting points
which are in the same phase
Deflection of a wave when the wave
encounters an obstacle or reflector
Change in direction of propagation
travels from one medium to another
and change speed
Spread of waves when waves pass

Period, T
Frequency, f
Amplitude
Damping
Damped oscillation

Resonance

Forced oscillation
Waves
Wave motion
Mechanical waves
Electromagnetic waves
Transverse waves

Longitudinal waves
Compression
Rarefaction

Wavefronts
Reflection
Refraction

Diffraction

Interference
Principle of Superposition

Coherent sources
in phase = vibrate with same
frequency
Constructive interference
ex : loud sound

Destructive interference
ex : soft sound

Loudness of sound
Pitch of sound
Antinode
Node
Electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic spectrum

Gamma(high frequency, low


wavelength, kills cancer cells) > Xray(scanning) > UV-rays(detect forge
note) > visible light > infrared(short
distance linking) > microwave
(satelite)> radiowave(signal receiver)
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Electric current
Charge
Electric field
Laws of electric field lines

through a gap or bend around an


object
Superposition of 2 waves originating
from 2 coherent sources
When 2 or more waves combine at a
point, the displacement of the
resultant wave is equal to the sum of
the displacement of the individual
waves
Sources that produce wave of the
same frequency, wavelength and
constant phase difference.
Crests or troughs of both waves
superpose to produce a wave with
crests and troughs of maximum
amplitude.
Occurs when crest of one wave
superposes with the trough of the
other wave, thus cancelling each
other with the result that the resultant
amplitude is 0
Sounds depends on its amplitude
Sound depends on its frequency
Point where constructive interference
occurs
Point where destructive interference
occurs
Joint electric and magnetic field which
are perpendicular to each other
Continuous spread of light ray into 7
colors with different wavelengths and
frequencies.

Rate of charge flow in a circuit


Total amount of electrons flow
Region which an electric charge
experience an electric force
1. Always extend from positively
charge object to a negatively
charged object
2. Never crossed each other
3. Most dense around objects with
greatest amount of charge
4. At locations where electric field

Potential difference
Ohms law

Ohmic conductor
Ex : constantan wire

Non-ohmic conductor

Resistance R
Series circuit
Parallel circuit
Fuse

Ampere value

lines meet the surface of an


object the lines are
perpendicular to the surface
Work done in moving one coulomb of
charge from 1 point to another
Electric current flowing through a
conductor is directly proportional to
the potential difference across it if
temperature and other physical
conditions are constant.
Conductors which obeys ohms law
1. Graph of potential difference
versus current is a straight line
passes through the origin
2. Resistant is constant
When current increase, heating effect
causes temperature to increase,
resistance increase
Ratio of potential difference to current
/ opposition of current flow
Current flows in one path only
Current flows in more than one path
Electric component installed in electric
socket to surge the power down once
the current is overloaded by burning
the fuse itself.
Maximum current flows through the
circuit

If current > ampere value


Electromotive force (e.m.f)

Internal resistance r
Electrical energy

Electrical power
Power rating
240V 1000W

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Electromagnet

Fuse will melt and break the circuit


(total)Work done in moving one
coulomb of charge around a complete
circuit.
Resistance in a cell against moving
charge due to the electrolyte.
Total work done to move one coulomb
of charge in one second
Energy carried by the electrical
charges which can be transferred to
other forms of energy
Rate of electrical energy transferred
Electrical power that will be consumed
when operating at the rated voltage
When connected to 240V power
supply, energy dissipated is 1000J in 1
second
Temporary magnet in which the
magnetism is produced by the flow of

Right-hand grip rule

Catapult field

Flemings left-hand rule

Couple force
Electromagnetic induction

Induced current
Flemings right hand rule

Lenzs law

Faradays law

Direct current
Alternating current

electric current.
-State that for a current-carrying
conductor, the thumb will point to the
direction of current flow whereas the
rest of finger will point to the
magnetic direction.
-Determine direction of magnetic field
Non-uniformed field produced by the
interactions between magnetic field of
permanent magnet and current
carrying conductors.
-State that when the thumb,forefinger
and middle finger are extended at the
right angle to each other for the
system which carries current, then the
thumb will show the magnetic force,
the forefinger will point to the
direction of magnetic field and the
middle finger will point to the current
direction.
-Determine the direction of the force
acting or the motion of the conductor
-Electric motor which carries current
A pair of equal but opposite forces
acting on the coil
Generation of e.m.f across a
conductor when conductor cut
magnetic flux
Current produced in a closed circuit
when there is cutting of magnetic flux
- State that when the thumb,
forefinger and middle finger are
extended at the right angle to each
other for the system generating
current, then the thumb will show the
magnetic force, the forefinger will
point to the direction of magnetic field
and the middle finger will point to the
current direction.
-Direction of induced current
-Electric dynamo which generate
electric current
Direction of induced current such that
the motion producing it will be
opposed
The induced e.m.f in a conductor is
directly proportional to the rate of
cutting of magnetic flux
Current flows in one direction only
Current flows to and fro in 2 opposite

Magnetic field
Transformer

Step-down transformer
Faradays law
Eddy current
Efficiency
National Grid Network

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Thermionic emission
Cathode ray
Cathode ray oscilloscope

Semiconductor

Doping

Radioisotopes
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Nuclear fusion

Nuclear fission

Chain reaction

direction
Region around a magnet where
magnetic material experience a force
A device that steps up or steps down
alternating current voltage
Output voltage less than input voltage
Voltage is directly proportional to the
number of turns in of the coil
Induced current in core due to cutting
of magnetic flux
Percentage of the total energy input
that is transferred into useful energy
Network of underground cables or
pylons which connect all the power
stations and substations in the
country
Process of emission of electrons from
the surface of heated metal
Beams of electron traveling at high
speed
Device used to display waveform,
measure short time intervals or to
measure the potential difference
Material conducts electricity better
than insulators but not as well as
conductors
Process of adding a certain amount of
specific impurities know as dopants to
a semiconductor to increase its
conductivity
Unstable substance which has
Helium particle(stop by paper)
Fast moving electron beam(aluminium
foil)
Energetic electromagnetic ray(lead)
Combining of two lighter nuclei to
form a heavier nucleus, releasing a
vast amount of energy during the
process
Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two
lighter nuclei after the nucleus of an
atom is bombarded with a neutron
with the release of a large amount to
energy during the process
Self-sustaining reaction in which the
products of a reaction can initiate
another similar reaction. For instance,
as uranium atoms continue to split, a
significant amount of energy is

released during each reaction. Heat


released is harnessed and used to
generate electrical energy.

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