You are on page 1of 4

ERITRODERMA

Sinonim : Dermatitis Exfoliative


Definisi : kelainan peradangan yang ditandai dengan eritema dan skuama
yang hampir mengenai seluruh tubuh (90% tubuh). Prosesnya dapat
primer atau idiopatik (tanpa didahului penyakit kulit atau penyakit
sistemik sebelumnya. Eritroderma biasanya digunakan untuk
menggambarkan kondisi kulit yang kemerahan dengan sedikit atau
bahkan tanpa scaling. Sedangan dermatitis exfoliativa bisanya
digunakan untuk kondisi dimana scaling terjadi secara dominan.
Etiologi :
Empat puluh persen kasus didahului oleh dermatosis seperti :

(Hunter, 2003)
-

Epidemiologi
Ras : tidak ada predominasi ras tertentu
Jenis kelamin : laki-laki : perempuan 2-4:1
Usia : Exfoliative dermatitis onset usually occurs in persons older
than 40 years, except when the condition results from atopic
dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, staphylococcal scalded skin
syndrome, or a hereditary ichthyosis. Age of onset primarily is
related to etiology (Sarkar, 2010).

Manifestasi Klinis :
Mula-mula timbul bercak eritem yang meluas ke seluruh tubuh dakan
waktu 12-48 jam. Deskuamasi yang muncul dimulai dari daerah lipatan,
kemudian menyeluruh. Bila kulit kepala sudah terkena biasanya dapat
terjadi alopesia, perubahan kuku, dan kuku bisa lepas. Dapat terjadi
limfadenopati dan hepatomegali. Eritem akan meluas dalam waktu yang
cepat dan universal dalam waktu 12-48 jam. Skuama muncul 2-6 hari
sering dimulai di daerah lipatan. Skuama besar pada waktu akut, dan kecil

pada waktu kronis. Warnanya bervariasi dari mulai kuning hingga putih.
Kelit merah terang, panas, kering dan kalau diraba tebal. Pasien akan
mengeluhkan kedinginan, lebih-lebih kalau eritema meluas. Kulit
periorbital akan mengalami inflamasi dan edema sehingga sering terjadi
ektropion.

Gambar 1. Menunjukkan munculnya scaling dan eritema pasien


eritroderma.

Gambar 2. Keterlibatan kulit yang hampir menyeluruh.

Patofisiologi :

In increased skin blood perfusion occurs in exfoliative dermatitis (ED) that


results in temperature dysregulation (resulting in heat loss and hypothermia) and
possible high-output cardiac failure. The basal metabolic rate rises to
compensate for the resultant heat loss. Fluid loss by transpiration is increased in
proportion to the basal metabolic rate. The situation is similar to that observed in
patients following burns (negative nitrogen balance characterized by edema,
hypoalbuminemia, loss of muscle mass). A marked loss of exfoliated scales
occurs that may reach 20-30 g/d. This contributes to the hypoalbuminemia
commonly observed in exfoliative dermatitis. Hypoalbuminemia results, in part,
from decreased synthesis or increased metabolism of albumin. Edema is a
frequent finding, probably resulting from fluid shift into the extracellular spaces.
Immune responses may be altered, as evidenced by increased gamma-globulins,
increased serum IgE in some cases, eosinophil infiltration, and CD4 + T-cell
lymphocytopenia in the absence of HIV infection. Oxidative stress is also
associated with drug-induced erythroderma.
-

Pemeriksaan penunjang :
Pada pemeriksaan PA tidak didapatkan kekhasan akan tetapi biasanya
digunakan untuk mencari etiologi dari ED yang muncul.

Terapi :
o

Apply tap waterwet dressings (made from heavy mesh gauze);


change every 2-3 hours. Apply intermediate-strength topical
steroids (eg, triamcinolone cream 0.025-0.5%) beneath wet
dressings. Suggest a tepid bath (as it may be comforting) once or
more daily between dressing changes. Reduce frequency of
dressings and gradually introduce emollients between dressing
applications as exfoliative dermatitis improve.

Antihistamin for pruritus and sedation.

Systemic steroids may be helpful in some cases but should be


avoided in suspected cases of psoriasis and staphylococcal scalded
skin syndrome.

Referensi :
Hunter, James. (2003). Clinical Dermatology 3rd Edition. Masschausette :
Blackwell Publishing.

Verma P, Bhattacharya SN, Banerjee BD, Khanna N. Oxidative stress and


leukocyte migration inhibition response in cutaneous adverse drug reactions.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2012 Sep-Oct. 78(5):664.
Sarkar R, Garg VK. Erythroderma in children. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol.
2010 Jul-Aug. 76(4):341-7. [Medline].
Fraitag S, Bodemer C. Neonatal erythroderma. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010 Aug.
22(4):438-44. [Medline].

You might also like