Diabetes

What is diabetes?
Over 371 million people worldwide are affected with
diabetes, and almost half of them do not realize that they
have it, according to the International Diabetes Federation
(IDF).
Having diabetes means your blood glucose (sugar) levels in
your body are above normal and either your body is not
making enough insulin, the insulin produced does not work
properly or your cells do not respond properly to insulin.
This can also happen to cats and dogs.

How it works...
When we eat, our body processes the food into sugars, called glucose which will
eventually turn into energy. For that to happen, our pancreas, an organ in our digestive
system, produces digestive enzymes to break down food and the beta cells in the
pancreas produces a hormone called insulin which helps the glucose enter into our
cells and use it for energy.
When you have diabetes, you either dont make enough
insulin or your body doesnt respond to insulin that is present, thus the
glucose does not enter into your cells and builds up in the bloodstream,
which will deprive you from energy, damages your blood vessels,
make you sick and your risk of getting other chronic diseases will go higher.
Image 1: Pancreas

Types of diabetes and its causes: (T1D)

Type one diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the bodys
immune system is attacking and destroying the beta cells in the pancreas which
produces insulin. The bodys immune system sees the beta cells as foreign and destroys
it therefore body produces less insulin. This has nothing to do with diet or lifestyle. It is
also believed to be caused by genetic and environmental factors (toxins, viruses,
infections and etc.) .

Types of diabetes and its causes: (T2D)

Type two diabetes (T2D) is caused by an insulin
resistance; occurs when the bodys muscle, fat and liver
cells do not use insulin effectively and the body cannot
produce enough insulin, thus glucose builds up in the
bloodstream. Believed to be also caused by genetic
and environmental factors (toxins, viruses, infections
and etc.) and often affect those who are overweight and
physically inactive.
image 6

Types of diabetes and its causes: GD

Gestational diabetes (GD): occurs when a pregnant woman cant produce enough
insulin and has high blood glucose levels because of hormonal changes, genetic and
environmental factors (a pregnant womans insulin needs two to three times that of
normal).

Other types of diabetes and its causes:

Other types of diabetes: caused by the removal of their pancreas from pancreatitis,
cancer and trauma, autoimmune disorders that disrupt insulin action, other genetic
diseases and disorders, endocrine diseases and lipodystrophy which are associated
with diabetes. See next slide.

Other types of diabetes include:

-T1.5D or LADA ( Latent Autoimmune Disease of Adulthood)
-Type 3 Diabetes (T3D) : associated with Alzheimers
-Diabetes MODY ( Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young)
-Alstrom Syndrome
-Brittle Diabetes
- Steroid induced diabetes
-Double Diabetes
- Wolfram Syndrome
-Drug induced diabetes
-Cystic fibrosis related diabetes
-Glucagonoma
-Hemochromatosis
-Secondary Diabetes
-Neonatal diabetes

Who does it affect?

Type one diabetes:
-usually affects children and teenagers, but it can happen at any age
-people who have or had a diabetic person in their family
Type two diabetes:
-usually affects middle-aged adults, and is rare in youth however, more and more
young people are developing this disease
-also affects overweight people with a sedentary lifestyle (or a couch potato).
-people who have or had a diabetic person in their family
-has a history of gestational diabetes
- has high blood pressure

Symptoms and/or side effects of insulin injection

Diabetes is often called a silent killer because of its easy to miss symptoms.
-extreme thirst
-frequent urination
-drowsiness or lethargy
-increased appetite
-sudden weight loss
-fruity odor on the breath
-sudden vision changes
-heavy or labored breathing
-stupor(near unconsciousness or insensibility)
-unconsciousness
-sugar in urine

-slow healing
-skin problems
-yeast infections
-fatigue and irritability
-tingling and numbness (hands/feet)
- several blood tests required
(single blood test is not enough )

Weight loss, skin problems, vision changes, thirst

image 2
image 4

image 3

Treatment and Prevention: (T1D)

Type one diabetes: People who have this disease take insulin injections to keep them
alive, as an outside source bringing glucose to bodys cells. This does not cure the
disease, nor prevent it from diseases effects like kidney failure, heart attack, nerve
damage, blindness, pregnancy complications, stroke and many more. While
researchers are still finding a cure, the life expectancy for this disease may be
shortened by 15 years.
Disadvantage of insulin injections: Since insulin injection doses are based on the
factors of food, exercise, stress, emotions and general health, these factors tend to
change greatly everyday and is very hard to find how much insulin a person needs to
take. If too much insulin is injected, body burns too much glucose and the blood sugar
can drop dangerously low. If less insulin is taken, less glucose is burned by insulin thus
the body is starved of energy and have a higher blood sugar which can result to
hyperglycemia.

Insulin Injections

Treatment and Prevention: (T2D)

Type two disease: Since people with T2D produce less insulin to turn the glucose in
their blood into energy, they would have to be very careful of how much glucose and
sugars they consume. Its treatment focuses on having a good diet and lifestyle.
Meaning having normal blood pressure, no smoking and paying attention to
cholesterol levels. If blood sugar level is still high, people would take medications to
help the body use its insulin effectively or take insulin injections. Some of the foods that
are high in glucose and/or spikes the blood sugar tremendously and have to be
avoided are: soft drinks, sugary foods, dairy, and starches; like rice, corn and potatoes.

Circulatory System
Although diabetes affects most of the organ systems like the nervous system, endocrine
and digestive system, the main one that it affects is the circulatory system.
Circulatory system is responsible for delivery of blood, oxygen, nutrients and hormones
to and from the cells organs. It is also responsible for carrying out waste products,
regulate body temperature, transports white blood cells to fight off an infection.
Heart: it helps pump blood around the body, size of two adult hands held together.
Arteries: carries oxygen rich blood from heart to places in the body where it needs to go.
Veins: carries deoxygenated blood to where they receive oxygen which is in the lungs.
Blood: bodily fluid which carries and transports hormones, nutrients, oxygen, and many
more through the blood vessels.

Circulatory System and Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose levels are
above normal and the circulatory system is the one that allows your
blood sugar level to regulate by delivering the hormone glucagon
through the blood to the liver which signals the liver to release glucose
in blood, then the circulatory system delivers the insulin in the blood to
the cells to take in the glucose from the blood.
When the blood sugar level stays high for a longer period of time,
this damages the blood vessels, and when a lot of blood vessels are
damaged, they dont deliver blood as well as they should which
results many serious long term complications like eye, kidney, skin
and nerve diseases, and if uncontrolled, can lead to stroke, heart
attack, blindness, chronic pain and many more.

image 5

Bibliography: Photo Credits

image 1 http://www.livescience.com/53362-skin-transformed-to-pancreatic-cells.html:
2, 3,4 http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20442821,00.html

image
image 5

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Finsidetheshrink.blogspot.com%2F2010_04_01_archive.html&bvm
=bv.114195076,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNFX_ZflTmtPCFw86OJUE_1JR-qilg&ust=1455378124606212

image 6
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj069zJvvjKAhUD9mMKHZ8gBzEQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.changey
ourmindbodyhealth.com%2Fblog%2Ftag%2Ftype-2-diabetes%2F&psig=AFQjCNFK1Xn24sgapXXFhrRhuYaqH-tWuw&ust=1455581705265539

slide 10, 11, 12images :

:https://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/News/Diabetes/091715_smokingdiabetes_THUMB_LARGE.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.healthline
.com/health-news/smoking-tied-to-higher-risk-of-type-2-diabetes-091715&h=361&w=642&tbnid=eil7VeMcaLyL3M:&docid=f7ZZLDKit2OiWM&ei=JxvBVpXbOc2wjwPan4vgDw&tbm=isc
h&ved=0ahUKEwjVivmEwfjKAhVN2GMKHdrPAvw4ZBAzCE4oSzBL
https://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://static.parade.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/exercising-best-and-worst-states-ftr.jpg&imgrefurl=http://parade.com/270454/kristenmascia/d
o-you-live-in-the-worst-state-for-exercise/&h=775&w=1240&tbnid=M7WycY0QaEllnM:&docid=RB8aVldVHyIXPM&ei=qB7BVvqFNoSajwPDt7vQDw&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwj6-dGwxP
jKAhUEzWMKHcPbDvoQMwhPKBYwFg
https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiIj-b7xfjKAhUUSGMKHQgUAX4QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsinowares.en.m
ade-in-china.com%2Fproduct%2FFXeJEinkYIcp%2FChina-Stainless-Steel-Insulin-Pen-Needle.html&bvm=bv.114195076,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNHkQ0RjOmiPtkf2mpRaUW0YIEtETQ&ust
=1455583544261740
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRBbNAfBEpwy-DC7ml2W2e44VL6LJC9PPR-ZqAcKUEK9GFFRXTsmQ
http://www.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/diabetesmine/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/mail.google.com_.png

Bibliography: Websites, books, other resources

Websites:
http://www.diabetesresearch.org/what-is-diabetes
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/kids/type-2-diabetes-and-children.html
http://www.diabetesresearch.org/document.doc?id=274
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/kids/type-1-diabetes-and-children.html
http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/diabetes-5-dumb-ways-to-boost-your-risk/
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/kids/how-to-manage-type-1-diabetes.html
http://www.diabetesresearch.org/what-is-type-one-diabetes
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/body/circulatory-system.html
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/371-million-people-have-diabetes-globally-about-half-undiagnosed/
http://www.jdrf.ca/news-and-media/fact-sheets/type-1-diabetes/
http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/Diabetes/causes-diabetes/Pages/index.aspx
http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/circulatory-system

http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-2-diabetes/type-2-diabetes-complications

Book: The Healthy Home by Dr. Myron Wentz & Dave Wentz PGS: 128-130, slide 10

More info for T3D:

http://www.dietdoctor.com/child-type-1-diabetes-successfully-treated-paleolithic-ketogenicdiet
http://www.drugs.com/sfx/insulin-regular-side-effects.html
http://www.t3dtherapeutics.com/disease-focus/
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes_lada.html
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/sugar-and-your-brain-alzheimer%E2%80%99
s-disease-actually-type-3-diabetes