FORMULA

Hyperbolic

Trigonometric
2

ex ex
2
ex + ex
cosh x =
2
cosh2 x sinh2 x = 1
1 tanh2 x = sech2 x
coth2 x 1 = cosech2 x
sinh(x y) = sinh x cosh y cosh x sinh y
cosh(x y) = cosh x cosh y sinh x sinh y
tanh x tanh y
tanh(x y) =
1 tanh x tanh y
sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x
= 2 cosh2 x 1
= 1 + 2 sinh2 x
2 tanh x
tanh 2x =
1 + tanh2 x
Inverse Hyperbolic

1
sinh x = ln(x + x2+ 1), < x <
2
cosh1 x = ln(x
 + x 1), x 1
1
1
+
x
tanh1 x = ln
, 1 < x < 1
2
1x

cos x + sin x = 1
1 + tan2 x = sec2 x
cot2 x + 1 = cosec 2 x
sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

sinh x =

cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

tan x tan y
tan(x y) =
1 tan x tan y
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x
= 2 cos2 x 1
= 1 2 sin2 x
2 tan x
tan 2x =
1 tan2 x
2 sin x cos y = sin(x + y) + sin(x y)
2 sin x sin y = cos(x + y) + cos(x y)
2 cos x cos y = cos(x + y) + cos(x y)
Logarithm
ax = ex ln a
logb x
loga x =
logb a
Differentiations
d
[k] = 0,
dx
k constant
d n
[x ] = nxn1
dx

Integrations
Z

k dx = kx + C,

xn+1
xn dx =
+ C,
n+1
n 6= 1

k constant.

d x
[e ] = ex
dx

d
1
[ln |x|] =
dx
x

dx
= ln |x| + C
x

d
[cos x] = sin x
dx

sin x dx = cos x + C

d
[sin x] = cos x
dx

cos x dx = sin x + C

d
[tan x] = sec2 x
dx

d
[cot x] = cosec 2 x
dx

ex dx = ex + C

SSCE 1993

Differentiations
d
[sec x] = sec x tan x.
dx
d
[cosec x]
dx
= cosec x cot x
d
[cosh x] = sinh x
dx
d
[sinh x] = cosh x
dx
d
[tanh x] = sech 2 x
dx
d
[coth x]
dx
= cosech2 x

Integrations
Z

sec x tan x dx = sec x + C

cosec x cot x dx

sinh x dx = cosh x + C

Z
Z

= cosec x + C

cosh x dx = sinh x + C
sech2 x dx = tanh x + C

cosech 2 x dx

d
[sech x]
dx
= sech x tanh x

sech x tanh x dx

d
[cosech x]
cosec2 x dx = cot x + C dx
= cosech x coth x

cosech x coth x dx

sec x dx = tan x + C

= coth x + C
= sech x + C
= cosech x + C

SSCE 1993
Differentiations of Inverse Functions

Integrations Resulting in Inverse Functions

1
d
[sin1 x] =
, |x| < 1
dx
1 x2
d
1
[cos1 x] =
, |x| < 1
dx
1 x2
d
1
[tan1 x] =
dx
1 + x2
d
1
[cot1 x] =
dx
1 + x2
d
1

[sec1 x] =
, |x| > 1
dx
|x| x2 1
1
d

[cosec1 x] =
, |x| > 1
dx
|x| x2 1
1
d
[sinh1 x] =
2
dx
x +1
d
1
[cosh1 x] =
, |x| > 1
2
dx
x 1
d
1
[tanh1 x] =
, |x| < 1
dx
1 x2
d
1
[coth1 x] =
, |x| > 1
dx
1 x2

d
1
[sech1 x] =
, 0<x<1
dx
x 1 x2
d
1

, x 6= 0
[cosech1 x] =
dx
|x| 1 + x2

Cylindrical Coordinates:

Z ZZ

f(x, y, z) dV =

Spherical Coordinates:

Z ZZ

dx

= sin1 (x) + C
1 x2

dx
= tan1 (x) + C
1 + x2

dx

= sec 1 (x) + C
|x| x2 1

dx

= sinh1 (x) + C
x2 + 1

dx

= cosh1 (x) + C, x > 0

x2 1

dx
1
= ln
1 x2
2

1+x
1x

+ C, |x| < 1

dx
1
= ln
x2 1
2

x1
x+1

+ C, |x| > 1

dx

= sech 1 (x) + C, |x| < 1

x 1 x2

dx

= cosech 1 |x| + C
x 1 + x2

Z Z "Z
R

k2 (r,)

f(r cos , r sin , z) dz dA

k1 (r,)

f(x, y, z) dV
ZZ Z
=
f( sin cos , sin sin , cos )2 sin d d d
G

Greens Theorem:

P (x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy =

F . dr =

Stokes Theorem:

Gauss Theorem:

ZZ 

ZZ

ZZ

F . n dS =

( F) . n dS

ZZZ

. F dV

Q P

x
y

dA