Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet

For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014

Published March 2012

International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

Mathematical studies SL: Formula booklet

5045

Contents
Prior learning

Topics

Topic 1Algebra

Topic 2Functions and equations

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

Topic 4Vectors

Topic 5Statistics and probability

Topic 6Calculus

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Formulae

Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram
Area of a triangle

Area of a trapezium

A buh

1
(b u h)
2

1
( a  b) h
2

Area of a circle

A Sr 2

Circumference of a circle

2Sr

1
(area of base u vertical height)
3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism)

l u wu h

Volume of a cylinder

Sr 2 h

Area of the curved surface of a cylinder

A 2Srh

Volume of a pyramid

Volume of a sphere

Volume of a cone

4 3
Sr
3

1 2
Sr h
3

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and

( x2 , y2 , z2 )

Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment

with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )

x1  x2 y1  y2 z1  z2
,
,

2
2
2

Mathematics SL formula booklet

( x1  x2 ) 2  ( y1  y2 ) 2  ( z1  z2 ) 2

Topics

Topic 1Algebra
1.1

1.2

The nth term of an

arithmetic sequence

un

u1  (n  1)d

The sum of n terms of an

arithmetic sequence

Sn

n
(2u1  (n  1)d )
2

The nth term of a

geometric sequence

un

u1r n 1

The sum of n terms of a

finite geometric sequence

Sn

u1 (r n  1)
r 1

The sum of an infinite

geometric sequence

Sf

u1
, r 1
1 r

Exponents and logarithms

ax

Laws of logarithms

log c a  log c b log c ab

a
log c a  log c b log c
b
log c a r r log c a

Change of base

1.3

Binomial coefficient

Binomial theorem

Mathematics SL formula booklet

u1 (1  r n )
, r z1
1 r

x log a b

log c a
log c b

log b a

n

r

n
(u1  un )
2

n!
r ! n  r !

( a  b) n

n
n
a n  a n 1b !  a n  r b r !  b n
1
r

Topic 2Functions and equations

2.4

Axis of symmetry of
graph of a quadratic
function

f ( x) ax 2  bx  c axis of symmetry x

2.6

Relationships between
logarithmic and
exponential functions

a x e x ln a
log a a x x

Solutions of a quadratic
equation

ax 2  bx  c 0

Discriminant

' b 2  4ac

2.7

b
2a

a loga x

b r b 2  4ac
, az0
2a

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

3.1

Length of an arc
Area of a sector

l Tr
A

1 2
Tr
2

sin T
cos T

3.2

Trigonometric identity

tan T

3.3

Pythagorean identity

cos 2 T  sin 2 T

Double angle formulae

sin 2T

2sin T cos T

cos 2T

cos 2 T  sin 2 T

3.6

Cosine rule

Sine rule

Area of a triangle

Mathematics SL formula booklet

c2

2cos 2 T  1 1  2 sin 2 T

a 2  b 2  2ab cos C ; cos C

a
sin A
A

b
sin B

a 2  b2  c2
2ab

c
sin C

1
ab sin C
2

Topic 4Vectors
4.1

Magnitude of a vector

4.2

Scalar product

4.3

v12  v2 2  v32

v
vw

v w cos T

vw

v1w1  v2 w2  v3 w3

vw
v w

Angle between two

vectors

cos T

Vector equation of a line

r = a + tb

Topic 5Statistics and probability

5.2

Mean of a set of data

fx

i i

i 1
n

i 1

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

Probability of an event A

n( A)
n(U )

P( A)

Complementary events

P( A)  P( Ac) 1

Combined events

P( A B ) P( A)  P( B)  P( A B)

Mutually exclusive events

P( A B ) P( A)  P( B)

Conditional probability

P(A B ) P(A) P(B | A)

Independent events

P( A B ) P( A) P( B )

Expected value of a discrete E( X )

random variable X
Binomial distribution

x P( X

X ~ B(n, p ) P( X

Mean

E( X ) np

Variance

Var( X ) np (1  p )

Standardized normal
variable

Mathematics SL formula booklet

x)

n
r ) p r (1  p) n  r , r
r

0,1, !, n

xP

Topic 6Calculus
f ( x  h)  f ( x )
f c( x) lim

h o0
h

6.1

Derivative of f ( x)

6.2

Derivative of x n

f ( x)

Derivative of sin x

f ( x) sin x

f c( x) cos x

Derivative of cos x

f ( x) cos x

f c( x)  sin x

Derivative of tan x

dy
dx

f ( x)

f c( x) nx n 1

xn

f c( x) e x

Derivative of e x

f ( x) e x

Derivative of ln x

f ( x) ln x

Chain rule

Product rule

dy
dx

y uv

Quotient rule
u
v

6.4

6.6

sin x  C

dx e x  C

Volume of revolution
V
about the x-axis from x = a
to x = b

Mathematics SL formula booklet

ln x  C , x ! 0

cos x dx
x

d y du
u
du d x

du
dv
u
dx
dx
v2

 cos x  C

Total distance travelled

from t1 to t 2

dy
dx

dv
du
v
dx
dx

sin x dx

e
Area under a curve
between x = a and x = b

1
x

x n 1
 C , n z 1
n 1

n
x dx

x dx

6.5

dy
dx

Standard integrals

f c( x)

f ( x)

g (u ) , u

1
cos 2 x

f c( x)

tan x

f ( x)

y dx
y 2 Gx

distance

t2

t1

v(t ) dt

Mathematics SL formula booklet