ANTARCTICA

Working Paper
Making to purpose
Lecture: English II
Lecturer : Rin Endah Hidayati

By:
AkhmadSyafii Maarif

1403076033

Khibtiyah

1403076034

Hana Nazelia Afriani

1403076037

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ISLAMIC STATE WALISONGO UNIVERSITY
SEMARANG
2016

Antarctica
In 2001, Ann Bancroft and Liv Arnesen traveled 2,700 kilometers on foot Cross Antarctica,
Beach pulling a Led carrying 100 kilograms of food and equipment. Crossing thisland of extremes
was noeasy feat. The temperature in Antarctica is often an unimaginable -40oC the temperature at
which skin and flesh freeze! Antarctica holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured
on Earth, which is -89.2oC.
Antarctica contains approximately 70 percent of the worlds fresh water supply, and yet it is
considered to be one of the worlds largest deserts. Thats because Antarcticas enormous supply of
fresh water is locked up in ice that averages over two kilometers in thickness. If the ice sheets
melted, the seas would rise as much as 60 meters. However, like all other deserts on Earth,
Antarctica receives less than 250 millimeters of rain a year. Its hard to believe that, 500 million
years ago, Antarctica has a warm climate and cover of lush vegetation.
Despite the enormous size of the continent, only a few invertebrates can survive on the
Antarctic Peninsula, and even they are rare. The largest of this group is a type of midge, which
grows to the colossal size of 12 millimeters. The only plant life that can survive in this harsh
climate consist mainly of algae, moss, and lichen.
While the surface of Antarctica is inhospitable to most living things, the water surrounding the
continent is teeming with living creatures. At the bottom of the food chain in Antarctic water is a
hardly type of algae. During the winter, the algae live between the layers of snow on the sea ice, but
when the ice breaks open in the spring, the algae pour into the ocean. Huge numbers of krill, tiny
sea animals that are less than eight centimeters long, feed, on the algae. The krill, in turn, are a vital
source of food for seabird, fish, seals, whales, and penguins.
Today, Antarctica has more than 30 research stations, including those Argentina, Australia,
Chile, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, and the United States. Most
scientist live and work there from October to March, when the sun shines 24 hours a day. The
second half of the year brings darkness and isolation. The few scientistwho remain are trapped for
months with only radios, phones, and the internet to link them to the rest of the world. After six or
seven months, a planes return with supplies and release the scientists from their solitude.

Antartika
Pada tahun 2001, AnnBancroft dan LivArnesen melakukan perjalanan sejauh 2.700 kilometer
dengan berjalan kaki melintasi Antartika, masing-masing menarik kereta luncur yang membawa
100 kilogram perlengkapan dan persediaan makanan. Melintasi daratan ekstrem ini tidak mudah.
Suhu di Antartika sering kali tidak terbayangkan yakni -40oC. Suhu dimana kulit dan daging
menjadi beku! Antartika memegang rekor untuk suhu terdingin yang pernah diukur di bumi, yaitu 89.2oC.
Antartika berisi sekitar 70 persen dari pasokan air tawar dunia, namun itu dianggap sebagai
salah satu dari gurun terbesar di dunia. Itu karena Antartika memberi pasokan terbesar yaitu air
tawar yang terkunci di es dengan memiliki rata-rata ketebalan lebih dari dua kilometer. Jika lapisan
es mencair, lautan akan naik sebanyak 60 meter. Namun, seperti semua gurun pasir lain di Bumi,
Antartika menerima hujan kurang dari 250 milimeter dalam setahun. Sulit untuk percaya itu, 500
juta tahun lalu, Antartika memiliki iklim panas dan tertutup dengan tumbuh-tumbuhan yang rimbun.
Meskipun benua ini memiliki ukuran yang besar, hanya beberapa invertebrata yang dapat
bertahan hidup di jazirah Antartika, dan bahkan mereka sangat langka. Yang terbesar dari kelompok
ini adalah sejenis serangga kecil, yang tumbuh dengan ukuran kolosal 12 milimeter. Satu-satunya
tanaman yang dapat bertahan hidup di iklim yang keras ini antara lain terdiri dari ganggang, lumut,
dan sejenis lumut.
Sedangkan permukaan Antartika sebagian besar tidaklah ramah untuk ditempati dalam berbagai
hal, air yang mengelilingi benua ini penuh dengan makhluk hidup. Di bagian bawah rantai makanan
di perairan Antartika adalah jenis ganggang yang keras. Selama musim dingin, ganggang hidup di
antara lapisan salju di laut es, tetapi ketika es retak dan terbuka di musim semi, ganggang jatuh ke
laut. Sejumlah besar krill, yakni hewan laut kecil yang kurang dari delapan sentimeter panjangnya,
memakan ganggang. Krill, pada gilirannya, merupakan sumber makanan penting bagi burung laut,
ikan, anjing laut, paus, dan penguin.
Hari ini, Antartika memiliki lebih dari 30 pangkalan penelitian, termasuk Argentina, Australia,
Chili, Jerman, Inggris, Italia, Jepang, Selandia Baru, Rusia, dan Amerika Serikat. Kebanyakan
ilmuwan hidup dan bekerja di sana dari bulan Oktober hingga Maret, ketika matahari bersinar 24
jam sehari. Separuh lagi dari tahun ini membawa kegelapan dan terisolasi. Beberapa ilmuwan yang
tetap terjebak selama berbulan-bulan hanya dengan radio, telepon, dan internet untuk
menghubungkan mereka ke seluruh dunia. Setelah enam atau tujuh bulan, sebuah pesawat kembali
dengan persediaan dan melepaskan para ilmuwan dari kesendirian mereka.

THE MAIN IDEA OF

1st Paragraph is the temperature in Antartica unimaginable
2nd paragraph is Antartica contents and conditions
3rd paragraph is the living creatures which can survive on the Antartic
4th paragraph is the life of sea animals in turn of the weathers
5th paragraph is the scientist life in the Antartic

AFTER YOU READ

A. Comprehension Check (Scanning)
1.

The coldest temperature ever measured on Earth is

a. -40oC
b. -89.2oC
c. -2,700oC
d. -100oC

2.

In a year, Antarctica received

a. Less than 500 millimeters of rain a year
b. More than 500 millimeters of rain a year
c. More than 250 millimeters of rain a year
d. Less than 250 millimeters of rain a year

3.

The plant life stated in the passage that can survive Antarctica EXCEPT,
a. algae
b. moss
c. cactus
d. lichen

4.

Krill is
a. Tiny sea animal
b. Huge sea animal
c. As big as seabird
d. Eating seals

5.

Today, Antarctica has more than

a. 28 research stations
b. 29 research stations
c. 30 research stations
d. 31 research stations

B. Comprehension Check (Skimming)

1.

Crossing Antarctica was not easy because

a. Because its contains approximately 70 percent of the worlds fresh water supply
b. Because of its extreme climate and condition
c. Because if the ice sheets melted, the seas would rise as much as 60 meters
d. Because in the past. Antarctica had a warm climate and a cover of lush vegetation

2.

What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

a. The ice in Antarctica
b. Antarctica contents and conditions
c. The climate in Antarctica
d. The vegetation in Antarctica

3.

Which of the following is TRUE about Antarctica?

a. Antarctica contains approximately less than 60 percent of the worlds fresh water supply
b. Antarcticas enormous supply of fresh water is not locked up in ice that averages over
two kilometers in thickness
c. Antarctica receives more than 250 millimeters of rain a year
d. The surface of Antarctica is inhospitable to most living things, the water
surrounding the continent is teeming with living creatures

4.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the creatures live in Antarctica
a. Algae becomes the bottom of the food chain in Antarctica waters
b. Huge numbers of krill feed on the algae
c. Krill consumes other animals live in Antarctica
d. The krill becomes vital source of food for seabirds, fish, seals, whales, and penguins

5.

The fifth paragraph explains information about?

a. The number of research stations in Antarctica
b. The research conducted by many countries in Antarctica
c. The research duration conducted by different countries in Antarctica
d. The six months researches which are in darkness and isolation

C. Vocabulary Building
a. Word Meaning
Match each word or phrase with the correct definition!
e____

1. Flesh

a. not welcoming or generous to people who visit you

daging
b____ 2. Enormous

b. Extremely large

besar sekali
g____

3. Lush

c. a small fly which flies in groups, and often bites

subur
c____

4. Midge

d. Strong enough to bear extreme conditions or difficult

situations

nyamuk
a____

5. Inhospitable

e. The soft part of the body of a person or animal which is

between the skin and the bones

tidak ramah
h____ 6. Teeming

f. The situation of being alone without other people

padat
d____ 7. Hardly

g. A lush area has a lot of green, healthy plants, grass and trees

kuat
f____

8. Solitude

h. it is full of people

kesendirian

b. Crossword Puzzle
Complete the crossword below!
Across
2. Tiny sea animal in Antarctica
3. One of animal lives in the sea
5. The season that is cold and snowy
6. Now, Antarctica has more than 30 researches

Down:
1. Everything in Antarctica is....
4. The family name of Antarctica traveler in the passage
7. One of the plant that can live in Antarctica

1F
2K

E
3W

4A

R
5W

E
Z

7A

E
6S

A
E

c. Vocabulary Expansion
Choose the right word from for each sentence below.Use a word from line 1 in sentence
number 1, and so on. You may have to change the verb form on make the noun plural.

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Ease

Ease

Easy

Easily

Easiness
2

Record

Record

Recorded

Recorder
Recording
3

Thicken

Thickness

Thick

Grow

Growth

Growing

thickly

Grown
5

darken

Dark

Dark

Darkness

Darkened
Darkening
6

darkly

1.

I can easily be home early tonight, if you want.

2.

She Record everything that happens to her in her diary.

3.

I dont understand how the smoke can thicken Thicken

4.

The government is trying to limit population Growth

5.

Our bedroom was very Darkened until we put a larger window in.