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CHEMISTRY

s
er

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

0620/04

Paper 4 Theory (Extended)

For Examination from 2016

SPECIMEN PAPER
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is accredited for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

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1

The following table gives information about six substances.

substance

melting point
/ C

boiling point
/ C

electrical conductivity
as a solid

electrical conductivity
as a liquid

839

1484

good

good

188

42

poor

poor

776

1497

poor

good

117

78

poor

poor

1607

2227

poor

poor

102

poor

good

(a) Which substance could be a metal?

[1]

(b) State all the substances that are liquid at room temperature?
[1]
(c) Which substance could have a macromolecular structure similar to that of silicon(IV) oxide?
[1]

(d) Which substance could be propane?

[1]

(e) Which substance could be sodium chloride?

[1]
[Total: 5]

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2

The table gives the composition of three particles.

particle

number of
protons

number of
electrons

number of
neutrons

15

15

16

15

18

16

15

15

17

(a) What is the evidence in the table for each of the following?
(i) Particle A is an atom.

[1]
(ii) A, B and C are all particles of the same element.

[1]
(iii) Particles A and C are isotopes of the same element.

[2]

(b) (i) What is the electronic structure of particle A?

[1]
(ii) Is element A, a metal or a non-metal? Give a reason for your choice.

[1]
[Total: 6]

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3

Kinetic theory explains the properties of matter in terms of the arrangement and movement of
particles.
(a) Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. Nitrogen molecules, N2, are spread far apart and
move in a random manner at high speed.
(i) Draw the electronic structure of a nitrogen molecule.
Show only the outer electron shells.

[2]
(ii) Compare the movement and arrangement of the molecules in solid nitrogen to those in
nitrogen gas.

[3]

(b) A sealed container contains nitrogen gas. The pressure of the gas is due to the molecules of
the gas hitting the walls of the container.
Use the kinetic theory to explain why the pressure inside the container increases when the
temperature is increased.

[2]

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The following apparatus can be used to measure the rate of diffusion of a gas.
constant
pressure
applied
gas syringe

metal foil,
gas escapes
through small
hole in foil

gas

The following results were obtained.

gas

temperature
/ C

rate of diffusion
in cm3 / min

nitrogen

25

1.00

chlorine

25

0.63

nitrogen

50

1.05

(c) (i) Explain why nitrogen gas diffuses faster than chlorine gas.

[2]
(ii) Explain why the nitrogen gas diffuses faster at the higher temperature.
[1]
[Total: 10]

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4

Chromium is a transition element.

(a) (i) State two differences in the physical properties of chromium and sodium.

[2]
(ii) State two differences in the chemical properties of chromium and sodium.

[2]

(b) Chromium is used to electroplate steel objects. The diagram shows how this could be done.
+

lead anode

object to
be plated

chromium(III)
sulfate(aq)

(i) Give two reasons why steel objects are plated with chromium.

[2]
(ii) The formula of the chromium(III) ion is Cr3+ and of the sulfate ion is SO42. Give the
formula of chromium(III) sulfate.
[1]
(iii) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode (cathode).
[2]
(iv) A colourless gas, which relights a glowing splint, is formed at the positive electrode
(anode).
State the name of this gas.
[1]

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(v) During electroplating, it is necessary to add more chromium(III) sulfate but during
copper plating using a copper anode, it is not necessary to add more copper(II) sulfate.
Explain this difference.

[2]
[Total: 12]

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5

Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, in the blast furnace.

waste gases

raw materials::
coke, C
iron ore, Fe2O3
limestone, CaCO3

firebrick lining

air
slag
molten iron

Describe the reactions involved in this extraction.

Include one equation for a redox reaction and one for an acid/base reaction.

[5]
[Total: 5]

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BLANK PAGE

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6

Soluble salts can be made using a base and an acid.

(a) Complete this method of preparing dry crystals of the soluble salt
cobalt(II) chloride-6-water from the insoluble base cobalt(II) carbonate.
step 1
Add an excess of cobalt(II) carbonate to hot dilute hydrochloric acid.
step 2

step 3

step 4

[4]

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(b) (i) 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate were added to 40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration
2.0 mol / dm3.
Calculate the maximum yield of cobalt(II) chloride-6-water and show that the cobalt(II)
carbonate was in excess.
CoCO3 + 2HCl CoCl2 + CO2 + H2O
CoCl2 + 6H2O CoCl2.6H2O
maximum yield:
number of moles of HCl used = ......
number of moles of CoCl2 formed = ...
number of moles of CoCl2.6H2O formed = ....
mass of one mole of CoCl2.6H2O = 238 g
maximum yield of CoCl2.6H2O = .... g
to show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess:
number of moles of HCl used = . (use your value from above)
mass of one mole of CoCO3 = 119 g
number of moles of CoCO3 in 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate = [5]
(ii) Explain how these calculations show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess.
[1]
[Total: 10]

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7

Iodine reacts with chlorine to form dark brown iodine monochloride.

I2 + Cl2 2ICl
This reacts with more chlorine to give yellow iodine trichloride.
An equilibrium forms between these iodine chlorides.
ICl(l) + Cl2(g) = ICl3(s)
dark brown
yellow
(a) What do you understand by the term equilibrium?

[2]

(b) When the equilibrium mixture is heated, it becomes a darker brown colour.
Suggest if the reverse reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Give a reason for your choice.

[1]

(c) The pressure on the equilibrium mixture is decreased.

(i) How would this affect the position of equilibrium? Give a reason for your choice.
It would move to the
reason
[1]
(ii) Describe what you would observe.

[1]

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(d) Calculate the overall energy change for the reaction between iodine and chlorine using the
bond energy values shown.
I2 + Cl2 2ICl
Bond

Energy / kJ per mol

II
Cl Cl
I Cl

151
242
208

Show your working.

[3]
(e) Draw a labelled energy level diagram for the reaction between iodine and chlorine using the
information in (d).

[2]
[Total: 10]

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8

The alcohols form an homologous series.

(a) Give three characteristics of an homologous series.

[3]

(b) The following two alcohols are members of an homologous series and they are isomers.
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH and (CH3)2CH CH2 OH
(i) Explain why they are isomers.

[2]
(ii) Deduce the structural formula of another alcohol which is also an isomer of these
alcohols.

[1]

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(c) Copper(II) oxide can oxidise butanol to liquid X, whose pH is 4.
mineral wool
soaked in butanol

copper(II) oxide

heat
liquid X
formed by
oxidation of
butanol.

(i) Give the name of another reagent which can oxidise butanol.
[1]
(ii) Which homologous series does liquid X belong to?
[1]
(iii) State the formula of liquid X.
[1]

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(d) The alcohol ethanol can be made by fermentation. Yeast is added to aqueous glucose.
C6H12O6(aq) 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)
Carbon dioxide is given off and the mixture becomes warm, as the reaction is exothermic.
The graph shows how the rate of reaction varies over several days.

rate of
reaction

time

(i) Suggest a method of measuring the rate of this reaction.

[2]
(ii) Why does the rate initially increase?

[1]
(iii) Suggest two reasons why the rate eventually decreases.

[2]
[Total: 14]

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BLANK PAGE

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9

There are two types of polymerisation, addition and condensation.

(a) Explain the difference between these two types of polymerisation.

[2]

(b) Some plastics, formed by polymerisation, are non-biodegradable.

Describe two pollution problems that are caused by non-biodegradable plastics.

[2]

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(c) The polymer known as PVA is used in paints and adhesives. Its structural formula is shown
below.
CH2CHCH2CH

OCOCH3 OCOCH3
Deduce the structural formula of its monomer.

[1]
(d) A condensation polymer can be made from the following monomers.
HOOC(CH2)4COOH and H2N(CH2)6NH2
Draw the structural formula of this polymer.

[3]
[Total: 8]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

UCLES 2014

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CHEMISTRY

s
er

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

0620/04
For Examination from 2016

Paper 4 Theory (Extended)

SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME

1 hour 15 minutes

MAXIMUM MARK: 80

The syllabus is accredited for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 6 printed pages.

UCLES 2014

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2
mark scheme abbreviations
;

separates marking points

alternative responses for the same marking point

not

do not allow

allow

accept the response

ecf

error carried forward

avp

any valid point

ora

or reverse argument

owtte

or words to that effect

underline

actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants excepted)

()

the word / phrase in brackets is not required but sets the context

max

indicates the maximum number of marks

Any [number] from: accept the [number] of valid responses

note:

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additional marking guidance

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1

(a) A

[1]

(b) D and F

note: both needed for mark

[1]

(c) E

[1]

(d) B

[1]

(e) C

[1]

(a) (i) same number of protons and electrons

[1]

(ii) all have the same number of protons / same proton number / same atomic number

[1]

(iii) same number of protons / same proton number / same atomic number;
different number of neutrons / different nucleon number / different mass number;

[1]
[1]

(b) (i) 2, 8, 5

[1]

(ii) non-metal because it accepts electrons / needs 3e to complete outer energy level /
because it is in Group V or 5e in outer shell
[1]
note: need both non-metal and reason for one mark
3

(a) (i) 6e between two nitrogen atoms; note: can be any combination of dots or crosses
1 lone pair on each nitrogen atom;
(ii)

[1]
[1]

solid

gas

pattern:

regular / lattice

random / irregular / no pattern;

[1]

distance:

close

far apart / spread out;

[1]

movement:

vibrate / fixed position

moving;

[1]

note: comparison must be made

(b) particles have more energy / move faster;
collide harder / collide more frequently / more collisions / collide with more force;
allow: molecules instead of particles

[1]
[1]

(c) (i) nitrogen has smaller Mr;

nitrogen (molecules) move faster (than chlorine molecules) / ora;
note: comparison must be made

[1]
[1]

(ii) (at higher temperature) molecules move faster / have more energy

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4
4

(a) (i) Any two from:

chromium
is harder;
has higher density;
has higher melting point / boiling point;
stronger;
ora;
note: comparison must be made
(ii) Any two from:
sodium is more reactive;
chromium has more than one oxidation state, sodium has one;
chromium forms coloured compounds, sodium compounds are white;
sodium reacts with cold water, chromium does not;
chromium forms complex ions, sodium does not;
chromium has catalytic properties, sodium does not;
note: difference must be clear
(b) (i) Any two from:
appearance / shiny / more attractive / decoration;
resists corrosion / resists rusting;
hard surface;

[2]

[2]

[2]

(ii) Cr2(SO4)3
ignore: correct charges on ions

[1]

(iii) Cr3+ + 3e Cr
note: one mark for equation and one mark for correct balancing

[2]

(iv) oxygen / O2

[1]

(v) to replace chromium ions (used to plate steel) / chromium ions used up;
copper ions replaced from copper anode;

[1]
[1]

one redox equation from:

Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
2Fe2O3 + 3C 4Fe + 3CO2
Fe2O3 + 3C 2Fe + 3CO
C + O2 CO2
CO2 + C 2CO

[1]

one acid/base equation:

CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3
CaCO3 + SiO2 CaSiO3 + CO2

[1]

Any three additional equations or comments from:

carbon burns or reacts to form carbon dioxide;
this reaction is exothermic or produces heat;
carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide;
carbon monoxide reduces hematite to iron;
carbon reduces hematite to iron;
limestone removes silica to form slag;
limestone decomposes;

[3]

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6

(a) filter / centrifuge / decant;

(partially) evaporate / heat / boil;
allow to crystallise / cool / let crystals form;
dry crystals / dry between filter paper / leave in a warm place to dry;

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

(b) (i) number of moles of HCl used = 0.04 2 = 0.08;

number of moles CoCl2 formed = 0.04;
number of moles CoCl2.6H2O formed = 0.04;
maximum yield of CoCl2.6H2O = 9.52;
allow: 9.5
allow: ecf on number of moles of HCl

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

number of moles of HCl used = 0.08 note: must use their value
allow: ecf
number of moles of CoCO3 in 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate = 5.95/119 = 0.05;
(ii) 0.05 > 0.04 or stated in words;
allow: ecf on number of moles of CoCl2 formed
7

[1]
[1]

(a) rates equal;

concentrations do not change / macroscopic properties remain constant;

[1]
[1]

(b) endothermic and because this direction is favoured by high temperatures;

note: reason is required

[1]

(c) (i) move to left hand side / reactants favoured and because bigger volume / more moles on
left hand side
[1]
note: reason is required
(ii) less (yellow) solid / more (dark brown) liquid / green gas visible / turns darker brown /
smell chlorine
[1]
allow: ecf from (c)(i)
(d) (bond breaking =) 151 + 242 = 393;
(bond making =) 208 2 = 416; not: 416
(overall =) 393 416 = 23; allow: ecf
note: sign must be given
(e) Any two from:
diagram shows exothermic reaction;
activation energy shown;
reactants and products labelled / both axes labelled;
note: labelling is one mark only
allow: ecf from (d)

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[1]
[1]

[2]

6
8

(a) Any three from:

same general formula;
consecutive members differ by CH2;
similar chemical properties;
same functional group;
physical properties vary in a predictable way / give trend such as mp increases with n;
(b) (i) they have the same molecular formula;
not: general formula
different structures / structural formulae;
(ii) CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3 / (CH3)3C-OH
allow: butan-2-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol
(c) (i) (acidified) potassium manganate(VII)
allow: oxygen / air / (acidified) potassium chromate(VI)
(ii) carboxylic acid
allow: aldehyde / ketone

[1]
[1]
[1]

[1]

[1]

(iii) CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH / C3H7COOH / C4H8O2

allow: C4H7OOH
allow: ecf on (c)(ii)
(d) (i) measure volume of gas;
measure time;

[3]

[1]

[1]
[1]

(ii) increase in temperature / more yeast present / yeast multiplies

[1]

(iii) glucose used up;

concentration of ethanol high enough to kill yeast;

[1]
[1]

(a) addition: polymer is the only product / only one product;

condensation: polymer and water formed / small molecule formed;

[1]
[1]

(b) Any two from:

ingestion can be fatal to animals / owtte;
animals can be caught in plastics e.g. fishing line / owtte;
combustion releases toxins / owtte;
land-fill uses natural resources / owtte;
allow: any appropriate example

[2]

(c) CH2=CHOCOCH3
note: double bond does not need to be shown
(d) -OC(CH2)4CONH(CH2)6NHamide linkage correct;
correct repeat units;
continuation bonds shown;
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